1
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Taj MB, Raheel A, Ayub R, Alnajeebi AM, Abualnaja M, Habib AH, Alelwani W, Noor S, Ullah S, Al-Sehemi AG, Simsek R, Babteen NA, Alshater H. Exploring novel fluorine-rich fuberidazole derivatives as hypoxic cancer inhibitors: Design, synthesis, pharmacokinetics, molecular docking, and DFT evaluations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0262790. [PMID: 36730213 PMCID: PMC9894469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sixteen fuberidazole derivatives as potential new anticancer bioreductive prodrugs were prepared and characterized. The in vitro anticancer potential was examined to explore their cytotoxic properties by employing apoptosis, DNA damage, and proliferation tests on chosen hypoxic cancer cells. Eight substances (Compound 5a, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5g, 5h, 5i, and 5m) showed promising cytotoxicity values compared to the standard control. The potential of compounds was also examined through in silico studies (against human serum albumin), including chem-informatics, to understand the structure-activity relationship (SAR), pharmacochemical strength, and the mode of interactions responsible for their action. The DFT calculations revealed that only the 5b compound showed the lowest ΔET (2.29 eV) while 5i showed relatively highest βtot (69.89 x 10-31 esu), highest αave (3.18 x 10-23 esu), and dipole moment (6.49 Debye). This study presents a novel class of fuberidazole derivatives with selectivity toward hypoxic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Taj
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Raheel
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afnan M. Alnajeebi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matokah Abualnaja
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hamed Habib
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Noor
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahime Simsek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara-Turkey
| | - Nouf Abubakr Babteen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Alshater
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Menoufia University, Shbien El-Kom, Egypt
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2
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El Bakouri O, Szczepanik DW, Jorner K, Ayub R, Bultinck P, Solà M, Ottosson H. Three-Dimensional Fully π-Conjugated Macrocycles: When 3D-Aromatic and When 2D-Aromatic-in-3D? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8560-8575. [PMID: 35523019 PMCID: PMC9121391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
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Several fully π-conjugated
macrocycles with puckered or cage-type
structures were recently found to exhibit aromatic character according
to both experiments and computations. We examine their electronic
structures and put them in relation to 3D-aromatic molecules (e.g., closo-boranes) and to 2D-aromatic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Using qualitative theory combined
with quantum chemical calculations, we find that the macrocycles explored
hitherto should be described as 2D-aromatic with three-dimensional
molecular structures (abbr. 2D-aromatic-in-3D) and not as truly 3D-aromatic.
3D-aromatic molecules have highly symmetric structures (or nearly
so), leading to (at least) triply degenerate molecular orbitals, and
for tetrahedral or octahedral molecules, an aromatic closed-shell
electronic structure with 6n + 2 electrons. Conversely,
2D-aromatic-in-3D structures exhibit aromaticity that results from
the fulfillment of Hückel’s 4n + 2
rule for each macrocyclic path, yet their π-electron counts
are coincidentally 6n + 2 numbers for macrocycles
with three tethers of equal lengths. It is notable that 2D-aromatic-in-3D
macrocyclic cages can be aromatic with tethers of different lengths, i.e., with π-electron counts different from 6n + 2, and they are related to naphthalene. Finally, we
identify tetrahedral and cubic π-conjugated molecules that fulfill
the 6n + 2 rule and exhibit significant electron
delocalization. Yet, their properties resemble those of analogous
compounds with electron counts that differ from 6n + 2. Thus, despite the fact that these molecules show substantial
π-electron delocalization, they cannot be classified as true
3D-aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain.,K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Kjell Jorner
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
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3
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Ayub R, Raheel A. High-Value Chemicals from Electrocatalytic Depolymerization of Lignin: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073767. [PMID: 35409138 PMCID: PMC8999055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is renewable and one of the most abundant sources for the production of high-value chemicals, materials, and fuels. It is of immense importance to develop new efficient technologies for the industrial production of chemicals by utilizing renewable resources. Lignocellulosic biomass can potentially replace fossil-based chemistries. The production of fuel and chemicals from lignin powered by renewable electricity under ambient temperatures and pressures enables a more sustainable way to obtain high-value chemicals. More specifically, in a sustainable biorefinery, it is essential to valorize lignin to enhance biomass transformation technology and increase the overall economy of the process. Strategies regarding electrocatalytic approaches as a way to valorize or depolymerize lignin have attracted significant interest from growing scientific communities over the recent decades. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the electrocatalytic methods for depolymerization of lignocellulosic biomass with an emphasis on untargeted depolymerization as well as the selective and targeted mild synthesis of high-value chemicals. Electrocatalytic cleavage of model compounds and further electrochemical upgrading of bio-oils are discussed. Finally, some insights into current challenges and limitations associated with this approach are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ayub
- RISE Processum AB, Bioeconomy and Health Division, SE-891 22 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ahmad Raheel
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
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4
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Abbas S, Imtiaz-ud-Din, Mehmood M, Raheel A, Ayub R, Zahid M, Tahir MN. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Bioactive Ferrocenyl Substituted Hydrazones. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s107032842112006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Ryzhii I, Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Sato T, Wang Q, Miura T, Karunathilaka BSB, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C, Ottosson H, Nakai H, Ikoma T, Fukushima T. Innentitelbild: An Element‐Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High‐Energy Blue Phosphorescence (Angew. Chem. 40/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Ivan Ryzhii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Taiga Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Buddhika S. B. Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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6
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Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Ryzhii I, Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Sato T, Wang Q, Miura T, Karunathilaka BSB, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C, Ottosson H, Nakai H, Ikoma T, Fukushima T. An Element‐Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High‐Energy Blue Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Ivan Ryzhii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Taiga Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Buddhika S. B. Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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7
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Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Ryzhii I, Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Sato T, Wang Q, Miura T, Karunathilaka BSB, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C, Ottosson H, Nakai H, Ikoma T, Fukushima T. Inside Cover: An Element‐Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High‐Energy Blue Phosphorescence (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40/2021). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Ivan Ryzhii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Taiga Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Buddhika S. B. Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
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8
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Shoji Y, Ikabata Y, Ryzhii I, Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Sato T, Wang Q, Miura T, Karunathilaka BSB, Tsuchiya Y, Adachi C, Ottosson H, Nakai H, Ikoma T, Fukushima T. An Element-Substituted Cyclobutadiene Exhibiting High-Energy Blue Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21817-21823. [PMID: 34097333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
1,3,2,4-Diazadiboretidine, an isoelectronic heteroanalogue of cyclobutadiene, is an interesting chemical species in terms of comparison with the carbon system, whereas its properties have never been investigated experimentally. According to Baird's rule, Hückel antiaromatic cyclobutadiene acquires aromaticity in the lowest triplet state. Here we report experimental and theoretical studies on the ground- and excited-state antiaromaticity/aromaticity as well as the photophysical properties of an isolable 1,3,2,4-diazadiboretidine derivative. The crystal structure of the diazadiboretidine derivative revealed that the B2 N2 ring adopts a planar rhombic geometry in the ground state. Yet, theoretical calculations showed that the B2 N2 ring turns to a square geometry with a nonaromatic character in the lowest triplet state. Notably, the diazadiboretidine derivative has the lowest singlet and triplet states lying at close energy levels and displays blue phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ivan Ryzhii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taiga Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Miura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Buddhika S B Karunathilaka
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Youichi Tsuchiya
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Ikoma
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 2-8050 Ikarashi, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
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9
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Zahoor A, Imtiaz-ud-Din., Andleeb S, Raheel A, Ayub R, Abbas S, Tahir MN. Zn(II) carboxylates containing heterocyclic secondary ligands: synthesis and structure manifestation through DFT studies. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1945046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz-ud-Din.
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohaila Andleeb
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raheel
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sumaira Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Ahmad F, Alkahtani MDF, Taj MB, Alnajeebi AM, Alzahrani SO, Babteen NA, Alelwani W, Bannunah AM, Noor S, Ayub R, Tirmizi SA, Alshater H. Synthesis of New Naphthyl Aceto Hydrazone-Based Metal Complexes: Micellar Interactions, DNA Binding, Antimicrobial, and Cancer Inhibition Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041044. [PMID: 33671247 PMCID: PMC7923181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, naphthyl acetohydrazide (HL) ligand was prepared and used for the synthesis of new six amorphous transition metal (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II)) complexes. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI). The solubilization study was carried out by estimating the interaction between the metal complexes with surfactants viz. sodium stearate (SS) and Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). UV-Visible spectroscopy was employed to determine partitioning and binding parameters, whereas electrical conductivity measurements were employed to estimate critical micellar concentration (CMC), the extent of dissociation, and free energy of micellization. The CT-DNA interaction of synthesized compounds with DNA represents the major groove binding. The synthesized ligand and metal complexes were also tested against bacterial and fungal strains and it has been observed that Cu(II) complex is active against all the strains except Candida albicans, while Cd(II) complex is active against all bacterial and fungal strains except Pseudomonas. Among all compounds, only the Pd(II) complex shows reasonable activity against cervical cancer HeLa cell lines, representing 97% inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muneera D. F. Alkahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11675, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.D.F.A.); (M.B.T.); (S.A.T.); Tel.: +92-300-754-2669 (M.B.T.)
| | - Muhammad Babar Taj
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.D.F.A.); (M.B.T.); (S.A.T.); Tel.: +92-300-754-2669 (M.B.T.)
| | - Afnan M. Alnajeebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (N.A.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Seraj Omar Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nouf Abubakr Babteen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (N.A.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (N.A.B.); (W.A.)
| | - Azzah M. Bannunah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Common First Year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sadia Noor
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College for Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Vag 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Syed Ahmad Tirmizi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.D.F.A.); (M.B.T.); (S.A.T.); Tel.: +92-300-754-2669 (M.B.T.)
| | - Heba Alshater
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Menoufia University, Shbien El-Kom 32511, Egypt;
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11
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Ayub R, El Bakouri O, Smith JR, Jorner K, Ottosson H. Triplet State Baird Aromaticity in Macrocycles: Scope, Limitations, and Complications. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:570-584. [PMID: 33427474 PMCID: PMC7884009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aromaticity of cyclic 4nπ-electron molecules in their first ππ* triplet state (T1), labeled Baird aromaticity, has gained growing attention in the past decade. Here we explore computationally the limitations of T1 state Baird aromaticity in macrocyclic compounds, [n]CM's, which are cyclic oligomers of four different monocycles (M = p-phenylene (PP), 2,5-linked furan (FU), 1,4-linked cyclohexa-1,3-diene (CHD), and 1,4-linked cyclopentadiene (CPD)). We strive for conclusions that are general for various DFT functionals, although for macrocycles with up to 20 π-electrons in their main conjugation paths we find that for their T1 states single-point energies at both canonical UCCSD(T) and approximative DLPNO-UCCSD(T) levels are lowest when based on UB3LYP over UM06-2X and UCAM-B3LYP geometries. This finding is in contrast to what has earlier been observed for the electronic ground state of expanded porphyrins. Yet, irrespective of functional, macrocycles with 2,5-linked furans ([n]CFU's) retain Baird aromaticity until larger n than those composed of the other three monocycles. Also, when based on geometric, electronic and energetic aspects of aromaticity, a 3[n]CFU with a specific n is more strongly Baird-aromatic than the analogous 3[n]CPP while the magnetic indices tell the opposite. To construct large T1 state Baird-aromatic [n]CM's, the design should be such that the T1 state Baird aromaticity of the macrocyclic perimeter dominates over a situation with local closed-shell Hückel aromaticity of one or a few monocycles and semilocalized triplet diradical character. Monomers with lower Hückel aromaticity in S0 than benzene (e.g., furan) that do not impose steric congestion are preferred. Structural confinement imposed by, e.g., methylene bridges is also an approach to larger Baird-aromatic macrocycles. Finally, by using the Zilberg-Haas description of T1 state aromaticity, we reveal the analogy to the Hückel aromaticity of the corresponding closed-shell dications yet observe stronger Hückel aromaticity in the macrocyclic dications than Baird aromaticity in the T1 states of the neutral macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ayub
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joshua R. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt State University, One Harpst Street, Arcata, California 95521, United States
| | - Kjell Jorner
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Slanina T, Ayub R, Toldo J, Sundell J, Rabten W, Nicaso M, Alabugin I, Fdez Galván I, Gupta AK, Lindh R, Orthaber A, Lewis RJ, Grönberg G, Bergman J, Ottosson H. Impact of Excited-State Antiaromaticity Relief in a Fundamental Benzene Photoreaction Leading to Substituted Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10942-10954. [PMID: 32456426 PMCID: PMC7497645 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Benzene exhibits a rich photochemistry
which can provide access
to complex molecular scaffolds that are difficult to access with reactions
in the electronic ground state. While benzene is aromatic in its ground
state, it is antiaromatic in its lowest ππ* excited
states. Herein, we clarify to what extent relief of excited-state
antiaromaticity (ESAA) triggers a fundamental benzene photoreaction:
the photoinitiated nucleophilic addition of solvent to benzene in
acidic media leading to substituted bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes. The
reaction scope was probed experimentally, and it was found that silyl-substituted
benzenes provide the most rapid access to bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene derivatives,
formed as single isomers with three stereogenic centers in yields
up to 75% in one step. Two major mechanism hypotheses, both involving
ESAA relief, were explored through quantum chemical calculations and
experiments. The first mechanism involves protonation of excited-state
benzene and subsequent rearrangement to bicyclo[3.1.0]hexenium cation,
trapped by a nucleophile, while the second involves photorearrangement
of benzene to benzvalene followed by protonation and nucleophilic
addition. Our studies reveal that the second mechanism is operative.
We also clarify that similar ESAA relief leads to puckering of S1-state silabenzene and pyridinium ion, where the photorearrangement
of the latter is of established synthetic utility. Finally, we identified
causes for the limitations of the reaction, information that should
be valuable in explorations of similar photoreactions. Taken together,
we reveal how the ESAA in benzene and 6π-electron heterocycles
trigger photochemical distortions that provide access to complex three-dimensional
molecular scaffolds from simple reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Slanina
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo námĕstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josene Toldo
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Sundell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wangchuk Rabten
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Nicaso
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Ignacio Fdez Galván
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arvind K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Uppsala Center for Computational Chemistry - UC3, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bergman
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Watile RA, Bunrit A, Margalef J, Akkarasamiyo S, Ayub R, Lagerspets E, Biswas S, Repo T, Samec JSM. Intramolecular substitutions of secondary and tertiary alcohols with chirality transfer by an iron(III) catalyst. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3826. [PMID: 31444355 PMCID: PMC6707304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically pure alcohols are abundant in nature and attractive as feedstock for organic synthesis but challenging for further transformation using atom efficient and sustainable methodologies, particularly when there is a desire to conserve the chirality. Usually, substitution of the OH group of stereogenic alcohols with conservation of chirality requires derivatization as part of a complex, stoichiometric procedure. We herein demonstrate that a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally benign iron(III) catalyst promotes the direct intramolecular substitution of enantiomerically enriched secondary and tertiary alcohols with O-, N-, and S-centered nucleophiles to generate valuable 5-membered, 6-membered and aryl-fused 6-membered heterocyclic compounds with chirality transfer and water as the only byproduct. The power of the methodology is demonstrated in the total synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine from D-glucose where iron-catalysis is used in a key step. Adoption of this methodology will contribute towards the transition to sustainable and bio-based processes in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. The direct substitution of the OH group of stereogenic alcohols are reported rarely in literature. Here, the authors demonstrate direct substitution of both secondary and tertiary alcohols with chirality transfer leading to enantioenriched 5-membered, 6-membered and aryl-fused 6-membered heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul A Watile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anon Bunrit
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sunisa Akkarasamiyo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emi Lagerspets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Srijit Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 700 009, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Joseph S M Samec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Raheel A, Imtiaz‐ud‐Din, Taj MB, Ayub R, Tahir MN, Raftery J, Al‐Shakban M. Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Study of Bioactive 2‐[(2‐Methylpropanoyl)amino]propanoic Acid and Its Polymeric Tributyltin(IV) Derivative. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raheel
- Department of ChemistryQuaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz‐ud‐Din
- Department of ChemistryQuaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Taj
- Department of ChemistryQuaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryBaghdad-ul-Jadid CampusIslamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University, SE- 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - James Raftery
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester, M13 9PL England
| | - M. Al‐Shakban
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester, M13 9PL England
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15
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Abstract
The cyclopropyl (cPr) group, which is a well-known probe for detecting radical character at atoms to which it is connected, is tested as an indicator for aromaticity in the first ππ* triplet and singlet excited states (T1 and S1 ). Baird's rule says that the π-electron counts for aromaticity and antiaromaticity in the T1 and S1 states are opposite to Hückel's rule in the ground state (S0 ). Our hypothesis is that the cPr group, as a result of Baird's rule, will remain closed when attached to an excited-state aromatic ring, enabling it to be used as an indicator to distinguish excited-state aromatic rings from excited-state antiaromatic and nonaromatic rings. Quantum chemical calculations and photoreactivity experiments support our hypothesis; calculated aromaticity indices reveal that openings of cPr substituents on [4n]annulenes ruin the excited-state aromaticity in energetically unfavorable processes. Yet, polycyclic compounds influenced by excited-state aromaticity (e.g., biphenylene), as well as 4nπ-electron heterocycles with two or more heteroatoms represent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raffaello Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell Jorner
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Burkhard Zietz
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Ayub R, Bakouri OE, Jorner K, Solà M, Ottosson H. Can Baird's and Clar's Rules Combined Explain Triplet State Energies of Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons with Fused 4nπ- and (4n + 2)π-Rings? J Org Chem 2017; 82:6327-6340. [PMID: 28535673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that can be labeled as "aromatic chameleons" are π-conjugated compounds that are able to adjust their π-electron distributions so as to comply with the different rules of aromaticity in different electronic states. We used quantum chemical calculations to explore how the fusion of benzene rings onto aromatic chameleonic units represented by biphenylene, dibenzocyclooctatetraene, and dibenzo[a,e]pentalene modifies the first triplet excited states (T1) of the compounds. Decreases in T1 energies are observed when going from isomers with linear connectivity of the fused benzene rings to those with cis- or trans-bent connectivities. The T1 energies decreased down to those of the parent (isolated) 4nπ-electron units. Simultaneously, we observe an increased influence of triplet state aromaticity of the central 4n ring as given by Baird's rule and evidenced by geometric, magnetic, and electron density based aromaticity indices (HOMA, NICS-XY, ACID, and FLU). Because of an influence of triplet state aromaticity in the central 4nπ-electron units, the most stabilized compounds retain the triplet excitation in Baird π-quartets or octets, enabling the outer benzene rings to adapt closed-shell singlet Clar π-sextet character. Interestingly, the T1 energies go down as the total number of aromatic cycles within a molecule in the T1 state increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona , c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kjell Jorner
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Universitat de Girona , c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Jorner K, Feixas F, Ayub R, Lindh R, Solà M, Ottosson H. Analysis of a Compound Class with Triplet States Stabilized by Potentially Baird Aromatic [10]Annulenyl Dicationic Rings. Chemistry 2016; 22:2793-800. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Jorner
- Department of Chemistry-BMC; Uppsala University; Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ferran Feixas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and; Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; Campus de Montilivi s/n 17071 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry-BMC; Uppsala University; Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Box 518 75120 Uppsala Sweden
- Uppsala Center for Computational Chemistry-UC3; Uppsala University; Box 518 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and; Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; Campus de Montilivi s/n 17071 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-BMC; Uppsala University; Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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18
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Ayub R, Jaffery T. P466 Patients' understanding of their diagnoses, discharge instructions plans and their subsequent compliance. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Tariq N, Ayub R. O920 Efficacy and safety of parenteral iron with total dose infusion (TDI) of low molecular weight (LMW) iron dextran versus divided doses of intravenous iron sucrose in iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Ayub R, Guis M, Ben Amor M, Gillot L, Roustan JP, Latché A, Bouzayen M, Pech JC. Expression of ACC oxidase antisense gene inhibits ripening of cantaloupe melon fruits. Nat Biotechnol 1996; 14:862-6. [PMID: 9631011 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0796-862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene plays a major role in the ripening of climacteric fruit. We have generated transgenic cantaloupe Charentais melons expressing an antisense ACC oxidase gene; ACC oxidase catalyzes the last step of ethylene biosynthesis. Ethylene production of transgenic fruit was < 1% of control untransformed fruit, and the ripening process was blocked both on and off the vine. The antisense phenotype could be reversed by exogenous ethylene treatment. Analysis of antisense ACC oxidase melons indicated that the ripening process includes ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways. Because the transgenic line we generated displays extended storage life and improved quality, it has a promising potential for commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ayub
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, UA INRA, France
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