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Weihl CC, Miller SE, Hanson PI, Pestronk A. Transgenic expression of inclusion body myopathy associated mutant p97/VCP causes weakness and ubiquitinated protein inclusions in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:919-28. [PMID: 17329348 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in p97/VCP cause the autosomal-dominant, inherited syndrome inclusion body myopathy (IBM) associated with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) (Watts, G.D., Wymer, J., Kovach, M.J., Mehta, S.G., Mumm, S., Darvish, D., Pestronk, A., Whyte, M.P. and Kimonis, V.E. (2004) Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia is caused by mutant valosin-containing protein. p97/VCP is a multi-functional protein with a role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) (Wang, Q., Song, C. and Li, C.C. (2004) Molecular perspectives on p97-VCP: progress in understanding its structure and diverse biological functions. To understand how mutations in this protein lead to a myopathy, we generated several lines of transgenic mice expressing p97/VCP-WT (TgVCP-WT) or the most common IBMPFD mutant, p97/VCP R155H (TgVCP-RH), under a muscle-specific promoter. TgVCP-RH animals, but not controls, became progressively weaker in a dose-dependent manner starting at 6 months of age. Abnormal muscle pathology, which included coarse internal architecture, vacuolation and disorganized membrane morphology with reduced caveolin-3 expression at the sarcolemma developed coincident with the onset of weakness. These changes were not associated with alterations in sarcolemmal integrity as measured by muscle fiber uptake of Evan's blue dye. Even before animals displayed measurable weakness, there was an increase in ubiquitin-containing protein inclusions and high-molecular-weight ubiquitinated proteins, markers of UPS dysfunction. We suggest that this early and persistent increase in ubiquitinated proteins induced by IBMPFD mutations in p97/VCP may ultimately lead to animal weakness and the observed muscle pathology. TgVCP-RH animals will be a valuable tool for understanding the pathogenesis of IBM and the role of the UPS in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad C Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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102
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Woulfe JM. Abnormalities of the nucleus and nuclear inclusions in neurodegenerative disease: a work in progress. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2007; 33:2-42. [PMID: 17239006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2006.00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized pathologically by the abnormal accumulation of pathogenic protein species within the cell. Several neurodegenerative diseases feature intranuclear protein aggregation in the form of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Studies of these intranuclear inclusions are providing important clues regarding the cellular pathophysiology of these diseases, as exemplified by recent progress in defining the genetic basis of a subset of frontotemporal dementia cases. The precise role of intranuclear inclusion bodies in disease pathogenesis is currently a focus of debate. The present review provides an overview of the diverse family of neurodegenerative diseases in which nuclear inclusions form part of the neuropathological spectrum. In addition, current pathogenetic concepts relevant to these diseases will be reviewed and arguments for and against a protective role for intranuclear inclusions will be presented. The relationship of pathological intranuclear inclusions to functional intranuclear bodies will also be discussed. Finally, by analogy with pathological intranuclear inclusions, I will speculate on the possibility that intranuclear protein aggregation may represent a constitutive cellular protective mechanism occurring in neurons under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Woulfe
- Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, and Cancer Research Program, The Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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103
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Abstract
Mitochondria are not only important for the energetic status of the cell, but are also the fatal organelles deciding about cellular life and death. Complex mitochondrial features decisive for cell death execution in mammals are present and functional in yeast: AIF and cytochrome c release to the cytosol, mitochondrial fragmentation as well as mitochondrial hyperpolarisation followed by an oxidative burst, and breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential. The easy accessibility of mitochondrial manipulations such as repression of respiration by growing yeast on glucose or deletion of mitochondrial DNA (rho(0)) on the one hand and the unique ability of yeast cells to grow on non-fermentable carbon sources by switching on mitochondrial respiration on the other hand have made yeast an excellent tool to delineate the necessity for mitochondria in cell death execution. Yeast research indicates that the connection between mitochondria and apoptosis is intricate, as abrogation of mitochondrial function can be either deleterious or beneficial for the cell depending on the specific context of the death scenario. Surprisingly, mitochondrion dependent yeast apoptosis currently helps to understand the aetiology (or the complex biology) of lethal cytoskeletal alterations, ageing and neurodegeneration. For example, mutation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase or CDC48/VCP mutations, both implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders, are associated with mitochondrial impairment and apoptosis in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Universitätsplatz 2, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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104
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and related conditions are often considered daunting because of the numerous inter-related clinical syndromes and their apparently heterogeneous pathologic substrates. Although the labyrinthine complexity of the disease seemingly continues to grow, recent discoveries have made the maze of FTD somewhat more navigable, spurring new interest in the field. This review begins by surveying the fascinating clinical presentations of these conditions and the few currently available treatments, then turns to recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of FTD. Among the important advances surveyed are clinicopathologic correlations that enable prediction of the pathologic substrate of certain clinical subtypes, and genetic studies that have been particularly fruitful in identifying new causes of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Roberson
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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105
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Talbot K, Ansorge O. Recent advances in the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: common pathways in neurodegenerative disease. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15 Spec No 2:R182-7. [PMID: 16987882 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease classically defined by the impairment of the voluntary motor system and ubiquitin-positive intraneuronal aggregates in anterior horn cells. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common form of neurodegenerative dementia and presents with personality change associated in a significant subgroup of patients with cortical ubiquitin-only neuropathology (FTD-U). Careful study of ALS as well as FTD patient cohorts suggests clinical as well as pathological overlap of ALS with FTD. The idea that this reflects a shared pathogenesis has received strong support from the identification of new genetic loci on chromosome 9p and of mutations in specific genes (CHMP2B and DCN1) in families with co-segregation of ALS and FTD. The identification of two further genetic causes of FTD-U with (rare) ALS (PGRN) or without ALS (VCP) also provides a starting point for exploring the pathways associated with ubiquitin-mediated protein mishandling in FTD-U and ALS. Pure ALS, through ALS with cognitive impairment and ALS-FTD to pure FTD-U, may represent a continuous spectrum of ubiquitin-associated neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Talbot
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics , University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building of Gene Function, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
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106
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Mackenzie IRA, Baborie A, Pickering-Brown S, Plessis DD, Jaros E, Perry RH, Neary D, Snowden JS, Mann DMA. Heterogeneity of ubiquitin pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: classification and relation to clinical phenotype. Acta Neuropathol 2006; 112:539-49. [PMID: 17021754 PMCID: PMC2668618 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the extent and pattern of immunostaining for ubiquitin protein (UBQ) in 60 patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions (FTLD-U), 37 of whom were ascertained in Manchester UK and 23 in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK. There were three distinct histological patterns according to the form and distribution of the UBQ pathology. Histological type 1 was present in 19 patients (32%) and characterised by the presence of a moderate number, or numerous, UBQ immunoreactive neurites and intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions within layer II of the frontal and temporal cerebral cortex, and cytoplasmic inclusions within granule cells of the dentate gyrus; neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NII) of a “cat’s eye” or “lentiform” appearance were present in 17 of these patients. In histological type 2 (16 patients, 27%), UBQ neurites were predominantly, or exclusively, present with few intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions within layer II of the cerebral cortex, while in histological type 3 (25 patients, 42%), UBQ intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions either within the cortical layer II or in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus, with few or no UBQ neurites, were seen. In neither of these latter two groups were NII present. The influence of histological type on clinical phenotype was highly significant with type 1 histology being associated clinically with cases of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA), type 2 histology with semantic dementia (SD), and type 3 histology with FTD, or FTD and motor neurone disease (MND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. A. Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, V5Z 1M9 Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Atik Baborie
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Ageing and Health (IAH), Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE4 6BE UK
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Division of Medicine and Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Daniel Du Plessis
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Division of Medicine and Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
- Department of Pathology, Hope Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
| | - Evelyn Jaros
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Ageing and Health (IAH), Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE4 6BE UK
| | - Robert H. Perry
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Ageing and Health (IAH), Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE4 6BE UK
| | - David Neary
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Division of Medicine and Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
| | - Julie S. Snowden
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Division of Medicine and Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
| | - David M. A. Mann
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Division of Medicine and Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
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107
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Sampathu DM, Neumann M, Kwong LK, Chou TT, Micsenyi M, Truax A, Bruce J, Grossman M, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Pathological heterogeneity of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions delineated by ubiquitin immunohistochemistry and novel monoclonal antibodies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:1343-52. [PMID: 17003490 PMCID: PMC1780184 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U) is a common neuropathological subtype of frontotemporal dementia. Although this subtype of frontotemporal dementia is defined by the presence of ubiquitin-positive but tau- and alpha-synuclein-negative inclusions, it is unclear whether all cases of FTLD-U have the same underlying pathogenesis. Examination of tissue sections from FTLD-U brains stained with anti-ubiquitin antibodies revealed heterogeneity in the morphological characteristics of pathological inclusions among subsets of cases. Three types of FTLD-U were delineated based on morphology and distribution of ubiquitin-positive inclusions. To address the hypothesis that FTLD-U is pathologically heterogeneous, novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by immunization of mice with high molecular mass (Mr > 250 kd) insoluble material prepared by biochemical fractionation of FTLD-U brains. Novel mAbs were identified that immunolabeled all of the ubiquitin-positive inclusions in one subset of FTLD-U cases, whereas other mAbs stained the ubiquitin-positive inclusions in a second subset of cases. These novel mAbs did not stain inclusions in other neurodegenerative disorders, including tauopathies and alpha-synucleinopathies. Therefore, ubiquitin immunohistochemistry and the immunostaining properties of the novel mAbs generated here suggest that FTLD-U is pathologically heterogeneous. Identification of the disease proteins recognized by these mAbs will further advance understanding of molecular substrates of FTLD-U neurodegenerative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak M Sampathu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3600 Spruce St., 3rd Floor Maloney Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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108
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Abstract
In the last 50 years, an enormous amount of progress has been made in dissecting the etiology of hereditary neurodegenerative diseases, including the dementias, the parkinsonisms, the ataxias and the motor-neuron diseases. In addition, these genetic findings are beginning to provide insights into the pathogeneses of the sporadic forms of the diseases. Through animal and cellular modeling studies we are beginning to gain insights into the pathogenic pathways to disease. This mechanistic understanding is now leading to therapeutic strategies based on this new understanding. As yet, however, no mechanistic therapies are in use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hardy
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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109
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Forman MS, Mackenzie IR, Cairns NJ, Swanson E, Boyer PJ, Drachman DA, Jhaveri BS, Karlawish JH, Pestronk A, Smith TW, Tu PH, Watts GDJ, Markesbery WR, Smith CD, Kimonis VE. Novel ubiquitin neuropathology in frontotemporal dementia with valosin-containing protein gene mutations. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2006; 65:571-81. [PMID: 16783167 DOI: 10.1097/00005072-200606000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with inclusion body myopathy and Paget disease of bone (IBMPFD) is a rare, autosomal-dominant disorder caused by mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene, a member of the AAA-ATPase gene superfamily. The neuropathology associated with sporadic FTD is heterogeneous and includes tauopathies and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U). However, there is limited information on the neuropathology in IBMPFD. We performed a detailed, systematic analysis of the neuropathologic changes in 8 patients with VCP mutations. A novel pattern of ubiquitin pathology was identified in IBMPFD that was distinct from sporadic and familial FTLD-U without VCP gene mutations. This was characterized by ubiquitin-positive neuronal intranuclear inclusions and dystrophic neurites. In contrast to FTLD-U, only rare intracytoplasmic inclusions were identified. The ubiquitin pathology was abundant in the neocortex, less robust in limbic and subcortical nuclei, and absent in the dentate gyrus. Only rare inclusions were detected with antibodies to VCP and there was no biochemical alteration in the VCP protein. VCP is associated with a variety of cellular activities, including regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the pathology associated with VCP gene mutations is the result of impairment of ubiquitin-based degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Forman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
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110
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Cruts M, Gijselinck I, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S, Wils H, Pirici D, Rademakers R, Vandenberghe R, Dermaut B, Martin JJ, van Duijn C, Peeters K, Sciot R, Santens P, De Pooter T, Mattheijssens M, Van den Broeck M, Cuijt I, Vennekens K, De Deyn PP, Kumar-Singh S, Van Broeckhoven C. Null mutations in progranulin cause ubiquitin-positive frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17q21. Nature 2006; 442:920-4. [PMID: 16862115 DOI: 10.1038/nature05017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1118] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with ubiquitin-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions (both cytoplasmic and nuclear) of unknown nature has been linked to a chromosome 17q21 region (FTDU-17) containing MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau). FTDU-17 patients have consistently been shown to lack a tau-immunoreactive pathology, a feature characteristic of FTD with parkinsonism linked to mutations in MAPT (FTDP-17). Furthermore, in FTDU-17 patients, mutations in MAPT and genomic rearrangements in the MAPT region have been excluded by both genomic sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization on mechanically stretched chromosomes. Here we demonstrate that FTDU-17 is caused by mutations in the gene coding for progranulin (PGRN), a growth factor involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes including tumorigenesis. Besides the production of truncated PGRN proteins due to premature stop codons, we identified a mutation within the splice donor site of intron 0 (IVS0 + 5G > C), indicating loss of the mutant transcript by nuclear degradation. The finding was made within an extensively documented Belgian FTDU-17 founder family. Transcript and protein analyses confirmed the absence of the mutant allele and a reduction in the expression of PGRN. We also identified a mutation (c.3G > A) in the Met1 translation initiation codon, indicating loss of PGRN due to lack of translation of the mutant allele. Our data provide evidence that PGRN haploinsufficiency leads to neurodegeneration because of reduced PGRN-mediated neuronal survival. Furthermore, in a Belgian series of familial FTD patients, PGRN mutations were 3.5 times more frequent than mutations in MAPT, underscoring a principal involvement of PGRN in FTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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111
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Braun RJ, Zischka H, Madeo F, Eisenberg T, Wissing S, Büttner S, Engelhardt SM, Büringer D, Ueffing M. Crucial mitochondrial impairment upon CDC48 mutation in apoptotic yeast. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:25757-67. [PMID: 16822868 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513699200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in CDC48 (cdc48(S565G)), a gene essential in the endo-plasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway, led to the discovery of apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death in the unicellular organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Elucidating Cdc48p-mediated apoptosis in yeast is of particular interest, because Cdc48p is the highly conserved yeast orthologue of human valosin-containing protein (VCP), a pathological effector for polyglutamine disorders and myopathies. Here we show distinct proteomic alterations in mitochondria in the cdc48(S565G) yeast strain. These observed molecular alterations can be related to functional impairment of these organelles as suggested by respiratory deficiency of cdc48(S565G) cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the cdc48(S565G) strain is accompanied by structural damage of mitochondria indicated by the accumulation of cytochrome c in the cytosol and mitochondrial enlargement. We demonstrate accumulation of reactive oxygen species produced predominantly by the cytochrome bc1 complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain as suggested by the use of inhibitors of this complex. Concomitantly, emergence of caspase-like enzymatic activity occurs suggesting a role for caspases in the cell death process. These data strongly point for the first time to a mitochondrial involvement in Cdc48p/VCP-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J Braun
- GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Human Genetics, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, Munich-Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
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112
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Lladó A, Gaig C, Molinuevo JL. Genética de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas más prevalentes. Med Clin (Barc) 2006; 126:662-70. [PMID: 16759568 DOI: 10.1157/13087844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A large number of mutations and polymorphisms associated with neurodegenerative disorders have been described during the last years. These findings have been helpful to improve our knowledge about the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this review we describe the genetic alterations and variants that cause or predispose to develop several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonisms. We also comment on the possible pathogenic mechanism of these mutations, clinical features and the usefulness of this information for the diagnosis and management of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lladó
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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113
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Hardy J, Momeni P, Traynor BJ. Frontal temporal dementia: dissecting the aetiology and pathogenesis. Brain 2006; 129:830-1. [PMID: 16543401 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Hardy
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Mental Health, Porter Neuroscience Building, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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114
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Boeddrich A, Gaumer S, Haacke A, Tzvetkov N, Albrecht M, Evert BO, Müller EC, Lurz R, Breuer P, Schugardt N, Plaßmann S, Xu K, Warrick JM, Suopanki J, Wüllner U, Frank R, Hartl UF, Bonini NM, Wanker EE. An arginine/lysine-rich motif is crucial for VCP/p97-mediated modulation of ataxin-3 fibrillogenesis. EMBO J 2006; 25:1547-58. [PMID: 16525503 PMCID: PMC1440312 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine/lysine-rich motifs typically function as targeting signals for the translocation of proteins to the nucleus. Here, we demonstrate that such a motif consisting of four basic amino acids in the polyglutamine protein ataxin-3 (Atx-3) serves as a recognition site for the interaction with the molecular chaperone VCP. Through this interaction, VCP modulates the fibrillogenesis of pathogenic forms of Atx-3 in a concentration-dependent manner, with low concentrations of VCP stimulating fibrillogenesis and excess concentrations suppressing it. No such effect was observed with a mutant Atx-3 variant, which does not contain a functional VCP interaction motif. Strikingly, a stretch of four basic amino acids in the ubiquitin chain assembly factor E4B was also discovered to be critical for VCP binding, indicating that arginine/lysine-rich motifs might be generally utilized by VCP for the targeting of proteins. In vivo studies with Drosophila models confirmed that VCP selectively modulates aggregation and neurotoxicity induced by pathogenic Atx-3. Together, these results define the VCP-Atx-3 association as a potential target for therapeutic intervention and suggest that it might influence the progression of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Boeddrich
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sébastien Gaumer
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These two authors contributed equally to this work
- Present address: Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, F-78035 Versailles cedex, France
| | - Annette Haacke
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Mario Albrecht
- Max-Planck-Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd O Evert
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva C Müller
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudi Lurz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Breuer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nancy Schugardt
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Plaßmann
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kexiang Xu
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Warrick
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaana Suopanki
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Frank
- Department of Chemical Biology, GBF, Braunschweig, Germany
- These are senior authors
| | - Ulrich F Hartl
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- These are senior authors
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These are senior authors
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- These are senior authors
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany. Tel.: +49 30 9406 2157; Fax: +49 30 9406 2552; E-mail:
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115
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Pirici D, Vandenberghe R, Rademakers R, Dermaut B, Cruts M, Vennekens K, Cuijt I, Lübke U, Ceuterick C, Martin JJ, Van Broeckhoven C, Kumar-Singh S. Characterization of Ubiquitinated Intraneuronal Inclusions in a Novel Belgian Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Family. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2006; 65:289-301. [PMID: 16651890 DOI: 10.1097/01.jnen.0000205147.39210.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common histologic feature in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is intracellular brain inclusions of yet uncharacterized proteins that react with antiubiquitin (Ub) antibodies, but not with tau or synuclein (FTLD-U). We identified a four-generation Belgian FTLD family in which 8 patients had dominantly inherited FTLD. In one patient, we showed frontotemporal atrophy with filamentous Ub-positive intracellular inclusions in absence of tau pathology or any alterations in the levels of soluble tau. We characterized the cellular and subcellular localization and morphology of the inclusions. Ub-positive inclusions predominantly occurred within neurons (>97%), but were also observed within oligodendroglia (approximately 2%) and microglia (<1%), but not within astroglia. Regarding the subcellular localization, the intranuclear inclusions (INI) were up to approximately four-fold more frequent than the cytoplasmic inclusions, although the latter were more specific to neurons. The INIs frequently appeared spindle-shaped and 3-dimensional confocal reconstructions identified flattened, leaf-like structures. Ultrastructurally, straight 10- to 18-nm-diameter filaments constituted the spindle-shaped inclusions that occurred in close proximity to the nuclear membrane. Staining for HSP40, p62, and valosin/p97 was observed in only a minority of the inclusions. Whereas the precise nature of the protein remains elusive, characterization of such familial FTLD-U patients would be helpful in identifying a common denominator in the pathogenesis of familial and the more prevalent sporadic FTLD-U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pirici
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB8), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Laser H, Conforti L, Morreale G, Mack TGM, Heyer M, Haley JE, Wishart TM, Beirowski B, Walker SA, Haase G, Celik A, Adalbert R, Wagner D, Grumme D, Ribchester RR, Plomann M, Coleman MP. The slow Wallerian degeneration protein, WldS, binds directly to VCP/p97 and partially redistributes it within the nucleus. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:1075-84. [PMID: 16371511 PMCID: PMC1382299 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-04-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow Wallerian degeneration (Wld(S)) mutant mice express a chimeric nuclear protein that protects sick or injured axons from degeneration. The C-terminal region, derived from NAD(+) synthesizing enzyme Nmnat1, is reported to confer neuroprotection in vitro. However, an additional role for the N-terminal 70 amino acids (N70), derived from multiubiquitination factor Ube4b, has not been excluded. In wild-type Ube4b, N70 is part of a sequence essential for ubiquitination activity but its role is not understood. We report direct binding of N70 to valosin-containing protein (VCP; p97/Cdc48), a protein with diverse cellular roles including a pivotal role in the ubiquitin proteasome system. Interaction with Wld(S) targets VCP to discrete intranuclear foci where ubiquitin epitopes can also accumulate. Wld(S) lacking its N-terminal 16 amino acids (N16) neither binds nor redistributes VCP, but continues to accumulate in intranuclear foci, targeting its intrinsic NAD(+) synthesis activity to these same foci. Wild-type Ube4b also requires N16 to bind VCP, despite a more C-terminal binding site in invertebrate orthologues. We conclude that N-terminal sequences of Wld(S) protein influence the intranuclear location of both ubiquitin proteasome and NAD(+) synthesis machinery and that an evolutionary recent sequence mediates binding of mammalian Ube4b to VCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Laser
- Institute for Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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117
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Weihl CC, Dalal S, Pestronk A, Hanson PI. Inclusion body myopathy-associated mutations in p97/VCP impair endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 15:189-99. [PMID: 16321991 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the AAA+ protein (ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities) p97/VCP (valosin-containing protein) cause a dominantly inherited syndrome of inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of the bone and fronto-temporal dementia (IBMPFD). p97/VCP is a ubiquitously expressed protein that participates in a number of cellular processes including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). p97/VCP aids in the extraction of ubiquitinated proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitates their delivery to the proteasome. This study focuses on the effects of disease-associated p97/VCP mutations on this pathway. We show that p97/VCP containing the most prevalent IBMPFD-associated mutation, R155H, has normal ATPase activity and hexameric structure. However, when expressed in cultured cells, both this and a second IBMPFD-associated p97/VCP mutant increase the overall level of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and specifically impair degradation of mutant DeltaF508-CFTR handled by the ERAD pathway. These effects are similar to those previously described for an ATPase deficient p97/VCP mutant and suggest that IBMPFD mutations impair p97/VCP cellular function. In a subset of cells, IBMPFD mutations also promote formation of aggregates that contain p97/VCP, ubiquitin conjugates and ER-resident proteins. Undegraded mutant DeltaF508-CFTR also accumulates in these aggregates. We conclude that IBMPFD mutations in p97/VCP disrupt ERAD and that this may contribute to the pathogenesis of IBMPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad C Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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118
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a focal clinical syndrome characterised by profound changes in personality and social conduct and associated with circumscribed degeneration of the prefrontal and anterior temporal cortex. Onset is typically in the middle years of life and survival is about 8 years. The presence of microtubule-associated-protein-tau-based pathological features in some patients and the discovery, in some familial cases, of mutations in the tau gene links FTD to other forms of tauopathy, such as progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. However, more than half of all patients with FTD, including some with a strong family history, show no apparent abnormality in the tau gene or protein, indicating pathological and aetiological heterogeneity. FTD provides a challenge both for clinical management and for theoretical understanding of its neurobiological substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neary
- Clinical Neuroscience Group, Hope Hospital, Salford, Greater Manchester M6 8HD, UK.
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Shi J, Shaw CL, Du Plessis D, Richardson AMT, Bailey KL, Julien C, Stopford C, Thompson J, Varma A, Craufurd D, Tian J, Pickering-Brown S, Neary D, Snowden JS, Mann DMA. Histopathological changes underlying frontotemporal lobar degeneration with clinicopathological correlation. Acta Neuropathol 2005; 110:501-12. [PMID: 16222525 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-005-1079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the pathological correlates of dementia in the brains from a consecutive series of 70 patients dying with a clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Clinical misdiagnosis rate was low with only 3 patients (4%) failing to show pathological changes consistent with this diagnosis; 1 patient had Alzheimer's disease and 2 had cerebrovascular disease (CVD). In the remaining 67 patients, the most common underlying histological cause was ubiquitin pathology with 24 (36%) cases so affected. In these, ubiquitin-positive inclusions were present in the cerebral cortex as small, rounded or crescent-shaped structures within the cytoplasm of neurones of layer II, together with coiled or curvilinear bodies within neurites, and in the hippocampus as small, solid and more spherical-shaped inclusion bodies within the cytoplasm of dentate gyrus granule cells. In one patient, "cat's eye" or "lentiform" intranuclear ubiquitin inclusions were also present. The second most common histological type was dementia lacking distinctive histology (DLDH), in which neither tau nor ubiquitin inclusions were present, with 16 cases (24%) being affected. Pick-type histology was seen in 14 cases (21%) and tau histological changes associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) were present in 11 cases (16%). One case (1%) showed an unusual tau pathology that could not be allocated to any of the other tau groups. Only 1 case (1%) had neuronal intermediate filament inclusion dementia. No cases with ubiquitinated, valosin-containing protein-immunoreactive intranuclear inclusion bodies of the type seen in inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia were seen. Clinicopathological correlation showed that any of these histological subtypes can be associated with FTD. However, for FTD with motor neurone disease (FTD+MND), semantic dementia or primary progressive aphasia (PA), the histological profile was either ubiquitin type or DLDH type; Pick-type histology was seen in only 1 case of PA. None of these latter three clinical subtypes was associated with a mutation in tau gene and FTDP-17 type of tau pathology. All cases of progressive apraxia were associated with Pick-type histology. Present data therefore indicate that, although ubiquitin pathology is the most common histological form associated with FTLD, this pathology is not tightly linked with, nor is pathologically diagnostic for, any particular clinical form of the disease, including FTD+MND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, University of Manchester, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Hope Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, UK
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