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De Coster W, D’Hert S, Schultz DT, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. NanoPack: visualizing and processing long-read sequencing data. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:2666-2669. [PMID: 29547981 PMCID: PMC6061794 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1253] [Impact Index Per Article: 208.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Summary Here we describe NanoPack, a set of tools developed for visualization and processing of long-read sequencing data from Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences. Availability and implementation The NanoPack tools are written in Python3 and released under the GNU GPL3.0 License. The source code can be found at https://github.com/wdecoster/nanopack, together with links to separate scripts and their documentation. The scripts are compatible with Linux, Mac OS and the MS Windows 10 subsystem for Linux and are available as a graphical user interface, a web service at http://nanoplot.bioinf.be and command line tools. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter De Coster
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Svenn D’Hert
- Bioinformatics, Neuromics Support Facility, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Darrin T Schultz
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering and Bioinformatics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Philtjens S, Van Mossevelde S, van der Zee J, Wauters E, Dillen L, Vandenbulcke M, Vandenberghe R, Ivanoiu A, Sieben A, Willems C, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Binetti G, Borroni B, Padovani A, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Aguilar M, de Mendonça A, Miltenberger-Miltényi G, Hernández I, Boada M, Ruiz A, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Almeida MR, Santana I, Clarimón J, Lleó A, Frisoni GB, Sanchez-Valle R, Lladó A, Gómez-Tortosa E, Gelpi E, Van den Broeck M, Peeters K, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Rare nonsynonymous variants in SORT1 are associated with increased risk for frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:181.e3-181.e10. [PMID: 29555433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the genetic role of sortilin (SORT1) in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). SORT1 is the neuronal receptor for granulin, encoded by the progranulin gene (GRN), a major causal gene for inherited FTD. In Belgian cohorts of 636 FTD patients and 1066 unaffected control individuals, we identified 5 patient-only nonsynonymous rare variants in SORT1. Rare variant burden analysis showed a significant increase in rare coding variants in patients compared to control individuals (p = 0.04), particularly in the β-propeller domain (p = 0.04), with 2 rare variants located in the predicted binding site for GRN (p = 0.001). We extended these observations by analyzing 3 independent patient/control cohorts sampled in Spain, Italy, and Portugal by partners of the European Early-Onset Dementia Consortium, together with 1155 FTD patients and 1161 control persons. An additional 7 patient-only nonsynonymous variants were observed in SORT1 in European patients. Meta-analysis of the rare nonsynonymous variants in the Belgian and European patient/control cohorts revealed a significant enrichment in FTD patients (p = 0.006), establishing SORT1 as a genetic risk factor for FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Philtjens
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline Wauters
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lubina Dillen
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Department of Neurology, Saint-Luc University Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; MAC Memory Center, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Pau Pastor
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Fundacio de Docencia i Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Fundacio de Docencia i Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Fundacio de Docencia i Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Isabel Hernández
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Boada
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy; IRCCS Don Gnocchi, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève et Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland; IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc - Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marleen Van den Broeck
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karin Peeters
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
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- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
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Sieben A, Van Mossevelde S, Wauters E, Engelborghs S, van der Zee J, Van Langenhove T, Santens P, Praet M, Boon P, Miatton M, Van Hoecke S, Vandenbulcke M, Vandenberghe R, Cras P, Cruts M, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Martin JJ. Extended FTLD pedigree segregating a Belgian GRN-null mutation: neuropathological heterogeneity in one family. Alzheimers Res Ther 2018; 10:7. [PMID: 29370838 PMCID: PMC6389176 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, we describe the clinical and neuropathological findings of nine members of the Belgian progranulin gene (GRN) founder family. In this family, the loss-of-function mutation IVS1 + 5G > C was identified in 2006. In 2007, a clinical description of the mutation carriers was published that revealed the clinical heterogeneity among IVS1 + 5G > C carriers. We report our comparison of our data with the published clinical and neuropathological characteristics of other GRN mutations as well as other frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) syndromes, and we present a review of the literature. METHODS For each case, standardized sampling and staining were performed to identify proteinopathies, cerebrovascular disease, and hippocampal sclerosis. RESULTS The neuropathological substrate in the studied family was compatible in all cases with transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP) proteinopathy type A, as expected. Additionally, most of the cases presented also with primary age-related tauopathy (PART) or mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes, and one case had extensive Lewy body pathology. An additional finding was the presence of cerebral small vessel changes in every patient in this family. CONCLUSIONS Our data show not only that the IVS1 + 5G > C mutation has an exclusive association with FTLD-TDP type A proteinopathy but also that other proteinopathies can occur and should be looked for. Because the penetrance rate of the clinical phenotype of carriers of GRN mutations is age-dependent, further research is required to investigate the role of co-occurring age-related pathologies such as AD, PART, and cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sieben
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Eline Wauters
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marleen Praet
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijke Miatton
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Hoecke
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Netwerk Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB , Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2160, Antwerp, Belgium.
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4
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Gómez-Tortosa E, Van der Zee J, Ruggiero M, Gijselinck I, Esteban-Pérez J, García-Redondo A, Borrego-Hernández D, Navarro E, Sainz MJ, Pérez-Pérez J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Guerrero-López R. Familial primary lateral sclerosis or dementia associated with Arg573Gly TBK1 mutation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:996-997. [PMID: 28365590 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - María Ruggiero
- Department of Neurology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilse Gijselinck
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- ALS Unit, 12 de Octubre Hospital Health Research Institute 'imas12', and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- ALS Unit, 12 de Octubre Hospital Health Research Institute 'imas12', and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- ALS Unit, 12 de Octubre Hospital Health Research Institute 'imas12', and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloísa Navarro
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - M José Sainz
- Department of Neurology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rosa Guerrero-López
- Department of Neurology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Wauters E, Van Mossevelde S, Van der Zee J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Modifiers of GRN-Associated Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:962-979. [PMID: 28890134 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the human progranulin gene (GRN) cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) by a mechanism of haploinsufficiency. Patients present most frequently with frontotemporal dementia, which is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia at young age. Currently, no disease-modifying therapies are available for these patients. Stimulating GRN protein expression or inhibiting its breakdown is an obvious therapeutic strategy, and is indeed the focus of current preclinical research and clinical trials. Multiple studies have demonstrated the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and wide variability in age of onset in patients carrying a GRN LOF mutation. Recently, this heterogeneity became an opportunity to identify disease modifiers, considering that these might constitute suitable targets for developing disease-modifying or disease-delaying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Wauters
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie Van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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6
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Van Mossevelde S, van der Zee J, Gijselinck I, Sleegers K, De Bleecker J, Sieben A, Vandenberghe R, Van Langenhove T, Baets J, Deryck O, Santens P, Ivanoiu A, Willems C, Bäumer V, Van den Broeck M, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, De Jonghe P, Cras P, Martin JJ, Cruts M, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S, Van Broeckhoven C. Clinical Evidence of Disease Anticipation in Families Segregating a C9orf72 Repeat Expansion. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:445-452. [PMID: 28192553 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Patients carrying a C9orf72 repeat expansion leading to frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have highly variable ages at onset of disease, suggesting the presence of modifying factors. Objective To provide clinical-based evidence for disease anticipation in families carrying a C9orf72 repeat expansion by analyzing age at onset, disease duration, and age at death in successive generations. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was performed from June 16, 2000, to June 1, 2016, in 36 extended Belgian families in which a C9orf72 repeat expansion was segregating. The generational effect on age at onset, disease duration, and age at death was estimated using a mixed effects Cox proportional hazards regression model, including random-effects terms for within-family correlation and kinship. Time until disease onset or last examination, time from disease onset until death or last examination, or age at death was collected for for 244 individuals (132 proven or obligate C9orf72 carriers), of whom 147 were clinically affected (89 proven or obligate C9orf72 carriers). Main Outcomes and Measures Generational effect on age at onset, disease duration, and age at death. Results Among the 111 individuals with age at onset available (66 men and 45 women; mean [SD] age, 57.2 [9.1] years), the mean (SD) age at onset per generation (from earliest-born to latest-born generation) was 62.5 (8.3), 57.1 (8.2), 54.6 (10.2), and 49.3 (7.5) years. Censored regression analysis on all affected and unaffected at-risk relatives confirmed a decrease in age at onset in successive generations (P < .001). No generational effect was observed for disease duration or age at death. Conclusions and Relevance The clinical data provide supportive evidence for the occurrence of disease anticipation in families carrying a C9orf72 repeat expansion by means of a decrease in age at onset across successive generations. This finding may help clinicians decide from which age onward it may be relevant to clinically follow presymptomatic individuals who carry a C9orf72 repeat expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Van Mossevelde
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium3Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium4Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse Gijselinck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium5Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium7Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium4Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium4Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deryck
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Department of Neurology, Saint-Luc University Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Veerle Bäumer
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marleen Van den Broeck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karin Peeters
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Mattheijssens
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium4Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium4Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium3Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium3Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium2Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Van Mossevelde S, van der Zee J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Relationship between C9orf72 repeat size and clinical phenotype. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 44:117-124. [PMID: 28319737 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patient carriers of a C9orf72 repeat expansion exhibit remarkable heterogeneous clinical and pathological characteristics suggesting the presence of modifying factors. In accordance with other repeat expansion diseases, repeat length is the prime candidate as a genetic modifier. Observations of earlier onset ages in younger generations of large families suggested a mechanism of disease anticipation. Yet, studies of repeat size and onset age have led to conflicting results. Also, the correlation between repeat size and diagnosis is poorly understood. We review what has been published regarding C9orf72 repeat size as modifier for phenotypic characteristics. Conclusive evidence is lacking, partly due to the difficulties in accurately defining the exact repeat size and the presence of repeat variability due to somatic mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Van Mossevelde
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Hoge Beuken, Commandant Weynsstraat 165, 2660 Hoboken, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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8
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van der Zee J, Gijselinck I, Van Mossevelde S, Perrone F, Dillen L, Heeman B, Bäumer V, Engelborghs S, De Bleecker J, Baets J, Gelpi E, Rojas-García R, Clarimón J, Lleó A, Diehl-Schmid J, Alexopoulos P, Perneczky R, Synofzik M, Just J, Schöls L, Graff C, Thonberg H, Borroni B, Padovani A, Jordanova A, Sarafov S, Tournev I, de Mendonça A, Miltenberger-Miltényi G, Simões do Couto F, Ramirez A, Jessen F, Heneka MT, Gómez-Tortosa E, Danek A, Cras P, Vandenberghe R, De Jonghe P, De Deyn PP, Sleegers K, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Goeman J, Nuytten D, Smets K, Robberecht W, Damme PV, Bleecker JD, Santens P, Dermaut B, Versijpt J, Michotte A, Ivanoiu A, Deryck O, Bergmans B, Delbeck J, Bruyland M, Willems C, Salmon E, Pastor P, Ortega-Cubero S, Benussi L, Ghidoni R, Binetti G, Hernández I, Boada M, Ruiz A, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Bagnoli S, Sorbi S, Sanchez-Valle R, Llado A, Santana I, Rosário Almeida M, Frisoni GB, Maetzler W, Matej R, Fraidakis MJ, Kovacs GG, Fabrizi GM, Testi S. TBK1 Mutation Spectrum in an Extended European Patient Cohort with Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:297-309. [PMID: 28008748 PMCID: PMC5324646 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mutation spectrum of the TANK‐Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) gene and its associated phenotypic spectrum by exonic resequencing of TBK1 in a cohort of 2,538 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or FTD plus ALS, ascertained within the European Early‐Onset Dementia Consortium. We assessed pathogenicity of predicted protein‐truncating mutations by measuring loss of RNA expression. Functional effect of in‐frame amino acid deletions and missense mutations was further explored in vivo on protein level and in vitro by an NFκB‐induced luciferase reporter assay and measuring phosphorylated TBK1. The protein‐truncating mutations led to the loss of transcript through nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. For the in‐frame amino acid deletions, we demonstrated loss of TBK1 or phosphorylated TBK1 protein. An important fraction of the missense mutations compromised NFκB activation indicating that at least some functions of TBK1 are lost. Although missense mutations were also present in controls, over three times more mutations affecting TBK1 functioning were found in the mutation fraction observed in patients only, suggesting high‐risk alleles (P = 0.03). Total mutation frequency for confirmed TBK1 LoF mutations in the European cohort was 0.7%, with frequencies in the clinical subgroups of 0.4% in FTD, 1.3% in ALS, and 3.6% in FTD‐ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie van der Zee
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse Gijselinck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Federica Perrone
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lubina Dillen
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bavo Heeman
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veerle Bäumer
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc - Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-García
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.,West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London, TW8 8DS, UK
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Just
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Thonberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Albena Jordanova
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine Center, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stayko Sarafov
- Department of Neurology, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexandre de Mendonça
- Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Miltenberger-Miltényi
- Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Simões do Couto
- Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Clinical Neuroscience Unit, Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Cras
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Goeman
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp
| | - Dirk Nuytten
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp
| | - Katrien Smets
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg, Leuven
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg, Leuven
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Ghent, Ghent
| | - Patrick Santens
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Ghent, Ghent
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Ghent, Ghent
| | - Jan Versijpt
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Brussels, Brussels
| | - Alex Michotte
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Brussels, Brussels
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Saint-Luc University Hospital, Brussels
| | - Olivier Deryck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge, Bruges
| | - Bruno Bergmans
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,General Hospital Sint-Jan Brugge, Bruges
| | - Jean Delbeck
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,General Hospital Sint-Maria, Halle
| | - Marc Bruyland
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,General Hospital Glorieux Ronse
| | - Christiana Willems
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Jessa Hospital, Hasselt
| | - Eric Salmon
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Liège and Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège
| | - Pau Pastor
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University Hospital Mútua de Terrassa and Fundació Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERNED Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,CIBERNED Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Deparment of Neurology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,MAC Memory Center and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi Scandicci, Florence, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Llado
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève et Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland and IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Radoslav Matej
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Thomayer Hospital, Prague and Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew J Fraidakis
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,NeuroRARE Centre for Rare and Genetic Neurological & Neuromuscular Diseases & Neurogenetics Athens, Greece
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gian Maria Fabrizi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Testi
- Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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9
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Boeynaems S, Bogaert E, Michiels E, Gijselinck I, Sieben A, Jovičić A, De Baets G, Scheveneels W, Steyaert J, Cuijt I, Verstrepen KJ, Callaerts P, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Van Damme P, Gitler AD, Robberecht W, Van Den Bosch L. Drosophila screen connects nuclear transport genes to DPR pathology in c9ALS/FTD. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20877. [PMID: 26869068 PMCID: PMC4751451 DOI: 10.1038/srep20877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 are the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) (c9ALS/FTD). Unconventional translation of these repeats produces dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) that may cause neurodegeneration. We performed a modifier screen in Drosophila and discovered a critical role for importins and exportins, Ran-GTP cycle regulators, nuclear pore components, and arginine methylases in mediating DPR toxicity. These findings provide evidence for an important role for nucleocytoplasmic transport in the pathogenic mechanism of c9ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Boeynaems
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Bogaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Michiels
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Gijselinck
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Jovičić
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Greet De Baets
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Scheveneels
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Steyaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivy Cuijt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- VIB Laboratory of Systems Biology, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Callaerts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory of Behavioral and Developmental Genetics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Wim Robberecht
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Van Mossevelde S, van der Zee J, Gijselinck I, Engelborghs S, Sieben A, Van Langenhove T, De Bleecker J, Baets J, Vandenbulcke M, Van Laere K, Ceyssens S, Van den Broeck M, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Cras P, Vandenberghe R, De Jonghe P, Martin JJ, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Clinical features of TBK1 carriers compared with C9orf72, GRN and non-mutation carriers in a Belgian cohort. Brain 2015; 139:452-67. [PMID: 26674655 PMCID: PMC4805085 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified in a cohort of patients with frontotemporal dementia (n = 481) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 147), 10 index patients carrying a TBK1 loss of function mutation reducing TBK1 expression by 50%. Here, we describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of the 10 index patients and six of their affected relatives carrying a TBK1 mutation. Six TBK1 carriers were diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia, seven with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, one with both clinical phenotypes and two with dementia unspecified. The mean age at onset of all 16 TBK1 carriers was 62.1 ± 8.9 years (range 41–73) with a mean disease duration of 4.7 ± 4.5 years (range 1–13). TBK1 carriers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis had shorter disease duration than carriers with frontotemporal dementia. Six of seven TBK1 carriers were diagnosed with the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, presenting predominantly as disinhibition. Memory loss was an important associated symptom in the initial phase of the disease in all but one of the carriers with frontotemporal dementia. Three of the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exhibited pronounced upper motor neuron symptoms. Overall, neuroimaging displayed widespread atrophy, both symmetric and asymmetric. Brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography or fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography showed asymmetric and predominantly frontotemporal involvement. Neuropathology in two patients demonstrated TDP-43 type B pathology. Further, we compared genotype–phenotype data of TBK1 carriers with frontotemporal dementia (n = 7), with those of frontotemporal dementia patients with a C9orf72 repeat expansion (n = 65) or a GRN mutation (n = 52) and with frontotemporal dementia patients (n = 259) negative for mutations in currently known causal genes. TBK1 carriers with frontotemporal dementia had a later age at onset (63.3 years) than C9orf72 carriers (54.3 years) (P = 0.019). In clear contrast with TBK1 carriers, GRN carriers were more often diagnosed with the language variant than the behavioural variant, and presented in case of the diagnosis of behavioural variant, more often than TBK1 carriers with apathy as the predominant characteristic (P = 0.004). Also, TBK1 carriers exhibited more often extrapyramidal symptoms than C9orf72 carriers (P = 0.038). In conclusion, our study identified clinical differences between the TBK1, C9orf72 and GRN carriers, which allows us to formulate guidelines for genetic diagnosis. After a negative result for C9orf72, patients with both frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis should be tested first for mutations in TBK1. Specifically in frontotemporal dementia patients with early memory difficulties, a relatively late age at onset or extrapyramidal symptoms, screening for TBK1 mutations should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Van Mossevelde
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 3 Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium 4 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie van der Zee
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse Gijselinck
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 3 Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 5 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 4 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- 5 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 4 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- 6 Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 7 Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Memory Clinic, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- 8 Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ceyssens
- 9 Molecular Imaging Centre Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 10 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital Edegem, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marleen Van den Broeck
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karin Peeters
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Mattheijssens
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 4 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- 6 Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 11 Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 4 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - Peter P De Deyn
- 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 3 Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- 1 Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium 2 Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Gijselinck I, Van Mossevelde S, van der Zee J, Sieben A, Philtjens S, Heeman B, Engelborghs S, Vandenbulcke M, De Baets G, Bäumer V, Cuijt I, Van den Broeck M, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Rousseau F, Vandenberghe R, De Jonghe P, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Martin JJ, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Loss of TBK1 is a frequent cause of frontotemporal dementia in a Belgian cohort. Neurology 2015; 85:2116-25. [PMID: 26581300 PMCID: PMC4691687 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the genetic contribution of TBK1, a gene implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and FTD-ALS, in Belgian FTD and ALS patient cohorts containing a significant part of genetically unresolved patients. Methods: We sequenced TBK1 in a hospital-based cohort of 482 unrelated patients with FTD and FTD-ALS and 147 patients with ALS and an extended Belgian FTD-ALS family DR158. We followed up mutation carriers by segregation studies, transcript and protein expression analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Results: We identified 11 patients carrying a loss-of-function (LOF) mutation resulting in an overall mutation frequency of 1.7% (11/629), 1.1% in patients with FTD (5/460), 3.4% in patients with ALS (5/147), and 4.5% in patients with FTD-ALS (1/22). We found 1 LOF mutation, p.Glu643del, in 6 unrelated patients segregating with disease in family DR158. Of 2 mutation carriers, brain and spinal cord was characterized by TDP-43-positive pathology. The LOF mutations including the p.Glu643del mutation led to loss of transcript or protein in blood and brain. Conclusions: TBK1 LOF mutations are the third most frequent cause of clinical FTD in the Belgian clinically based patient cohort, after C9orf72 and GRN, and the second most common cause of clinical ALS after C9orf72. These findings reinforce that FTD and ALS belong to the same disease continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Gijselinck
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Van Mossevelde
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Julie van der Zee
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Sieben
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Philtjens
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bavo Heeman
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Greet De Baets
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Veerle Bäumer
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivy Cuijt
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Van den Broeck
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Peeters
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Mattheijssens
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Cras
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Cruts
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., M.C., C.V.B.), VIB, Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (I.G., S.V.M., J.v.d.Z., A.S., S.P., B.H., S.E., V.B., I.C., M.V.d.B., K.P., M.M., P.D.J., P.C., P.P.D.D., J.-J.M., M.C., C.V.B.), University of Antwerp; the Department of Neurology (A.S.), University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent; the Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic (S.E., P.P.D.D.), Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; the Brain and Emotion Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry (M.V.), SWITCH Laboratory, VIB (G.D.B., F.R.), and Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology (R.V.), University of Leuven; the Department of Neurology (M.V., R.V.), University Hospitals Leuven, Gasthuisberg; and the Department of Neurology (P.D.J., P.C.), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium. P.P.D.D. is also affiliated with the Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Janssens J, Philtjens S, Kleinberger G, Van Mossevelde S, van der Zee J, Cacace R, Engelborghs S, Sieben A, Banzhaf-Strathmann J, Dillen L, Merlin C, Cuijt I, Robberecht C, Schmid B, Santens P, Ivanoiu A, Vandenbulcke M, Vandenberghe R, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Martin JJ, Maudsley S, Haass C, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Investigating the role of filamin C in Belgian patients with frontotemporal dementia linked to GRN deficiency in FTLD-TDP brains. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:68. [PMID: 26555887 PMCID: PMC4641381 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions are pathological hallmarks of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Loss of TDP-43 in zebrafish engenders a severe muscle and vascular phenotype with a concomitant elevation of filamin C (FLNC) levels, an observation confirmed in the frontal cortex of FTLD-TDP patients. Here, we aimed to further assess the contribution of FLNC to frontotemporal dementia (FTD) etiology. We conducted a mutational screening of FLNC in a cohort of 529 unrelated Belgian FTD and FTD-ALS patients, and a control cohort of 920 unrelated and age-matched individuals. Additionally we performed an in-depth characterization of FLNC expression levels in FTD patients and a murine FTD model. In total 68 missense variants were identified of which 19 (MAF < 1 %) were patient-only. Gene burden analysis demonstrated a significant association between the presence of rare variants in FLNC and disease (P = 0.0349, RR = 1.46 [95 % CI 1.03–2.07]). Furthermore, elevated FLNC expression levels, observed previously in FTLD-TDP patients, were mainly attributable to FTD patients with the progranulin (GRN) p.0(IVS1 + 5G > C) loss-of-function mutation. Increased FLNC levels were, to a lesser extent, also identified in a FLNC p.V831I variant carrier and in FTD patients with the p.R159H mutation in valosin-containing protein (VCP). The GRN-associated increase of FLNC was confirmed in the frontal cortex of aged Grn knockout mice starting at 16–18 months of age. Combined quantitative proteomic and bioinformatic analyses of the frontal cortex of FTD patients possessing elevated FLNC levels, identified multiple altered protein factors involved in accelerated aging, neurodegeneration and synaptogenesis. Our findings further support the involvement of aberrant FLNC expression levels in FTD pathogenesis. Identification of increased FLNC levels in aged Grn mice and impaired pathways related to aging and neurodegeneration, implies a potential role for FLNC in mediating or accelerating the aging process.
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13
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Bettens K, Vermeulen S, Van Cauwenberghe C, Heeman B, Asselbergh B, Robberecht C, Engelborghs S, Vandenbulcke M, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Sleegers K. Reduced secreted clusterin as a mechanism for Alzheimer-associated CLU mutations. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:30. [PMID: 26179372 PMCID: PMC4502563 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clusterin (CLU) gene has been identified as an important risk locus for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the actual risk-increasing polymorphisms at this locus remain to be identified, we previously observed an increased frequency of rare non-synonymous mutations and small insertion-deletions of CLU in AD patients, which specifically clustered in the β-chain domain of CLU. Nonetheless the pathogenic nature of these variants remained unclear. Here we report a novel non-synonymous CLU mutation (p.I360N) in a Belgian Alzheimer patient and have explored the pathogenic nature of this and 10 additional CLU mutations on protein localization and secretion in vitro using immunocytochemistry, immunodetection and ELISAs. RESULTS Three patient-specific CLU mutations in the β-chain (p.I303NfsX13, p.R338W and p.I360N) caused an alteration of the subcellular CLU localization and diminished CLU transport through the secretory pathway, indicative of possible degradation mechanisms. For these mutations, significantly reduced CLU intensity was observed in the Golgi while almost all CLU protein was exclusively present in the endoplasmic reticulum. This was further confirmed by diminished CLU secretion in HEK293T and HEK293 FLp-In cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our data lend further support to the contribution of rare coding CLU mutations in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Functional analyses suggest reduced secretion of the CLU protein as the mode of action for three of the examined CLU mutations. One of those is a frameshift mutation leading to a loss of secreted protein, and the other two mutations are amino acid substitutions in the disulfide bridge region, possibly interfering with heterodimerization of the α- and β-chain of CLU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Bettens
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Bavo Heeman
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Robberecht
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Mathieu Vandenbulcke
- Department of Psychiatry and Memory Clinic, University of Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc Cruts
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp - CDE, Building V Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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14
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Zee J, Robberecht C, Dillen L, Sleegers K, Cruts M, Broeckhoven C. O3‐13‐03: Massive parallel gene panel sequencing in a belgian ftld cohort of causal genes associated with diverse neurodegenerative brain diseases. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.07.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIBAntwerpBelgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Caroline Robberecht
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIBAntwerpBelgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Lubina Dillen
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIBAntwerpBelgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIBAntwerpBelgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIBAntwerpBelgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Christine Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIBAntwerpBelgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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15
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Gijselinck I, Mossevelde S, Sieben A, Heeman B, Engelborghs S, Vandenbulcke M, Cuijt I, Broeck M, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Vandenberghe R, Jonghe P, Cras P, Deyn PP, Martin JJ, Cruts M, Broeckhoven C. DT‐02‐01: Loss‐of‐function mutations in
TBK1
are frequently associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration in a belgian patient cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.08.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivy Cuijt
- VIB/University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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16
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Theuns J, Verstraeten A, Sleegers K, Wauters E, Gijselinck I, Smolders S, Crosiers D, Corsmit E, Elinck E, Sharma M, Krüger R, Lesage S, Brice A, Chung SJ, Kim MJ, Kim YJ, Ross OA, Wszolek ZK, Rogaeva E, Xi Z, Lang AE, Klein C, Weissbach A, Mellick GD, Silburn PA, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Hattori N, Ogaki K, Tan EK, Zhao Y, Aasly J, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Ferrarese C, Brighina L, Deutschländer A, Puschmann A, Nilsson C, Garraux G, LeDoux MS, Pfeiffer RF, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Opala G, Maraganore DM, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Cras P, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Global investigation and meta-analysis of the C9orf72 (G4C2)n repeat in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2014; 83:1906-13. [PMID: 25326098 PMCID: PMC4248456 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study is to clarify the role of (G4C2)n expansions in the etiology of Parkinson disease (PD) in the worldwide multicenter Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) cohort. Methods: C9orf72 (G4C2)n repeats were assessed in a GEO-PD cohort of 7,494 patients diagnosed with PD and 5,886 neurologically healthy control individuals ascertained in Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. Results: A pathogenic (G4C2)n>60 expansion was detected in only 4 patients with PD (4/7,232; 0.055%), all with a positive family history of neurodegenerative dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or atypical parkinsonism, while no carriers were detected with typical sporadic or familial PD. Meta-analysis revealed a small increase in risk of PD with an increasing number of (G4C2)n repeats; however, we could not detect a robust association between the C9orf72 (G4C2)n repeat and PD, and the population attributable risk was low. Conclusions: Together, these findings indicate that expansions in C9orf72 do not have a major role in the pathogenesis of PD. Testing for C9orf72 repeat expansions should only be considered in patients with PD who have overt symptoms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or apparent family history of neurodegenerative dementia or motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Theuns
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | - Eline Wauters
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | - David Crosiers
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Ellen Corsmit
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Ellen Elinck
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Manu Sharma
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Alexis Brice
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Mi-Jung Kim
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Owen A Ross
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | - Zhengrui Xi
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | - Anne Weissbach
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kotaro Ogaki
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Yi Zhao
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Jan Aasly
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | - Grazia Annesi
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Aldo Quattrone
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | - Laura Brighina
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | | | - Gaëtan Garraux
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | - Grzegorz Opala
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Cras
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
| | - Marc Cruts
- Authors' affiliations are listed at the end of the article
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van der Zee J, Van Langenhove T, Kovacs GG, Dillen L, Deschamps W, Engelborghs S, Matěj R, Vandenbulcke M, Sieben A, Dermaut B, Smets K, Van Damme P, Merlin C, Laureys A, Van Den Broeck M, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Borroni B, Padovani A, Archetti S, Pastor P, Razquin C, Ortega-Cubero S, Hernández I, Boada M, Ruiz A, de Mendonça A, Miltenberger-Miltényi G, do Couto FS, Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Bagnoli S, Graff C, Chiang HH, Thonberg H, Perneczky R, Diehl-Schmid J, Alexopoulos P, Frisoni GB, Bonvicini C, Synofzik M, Maetzler W, vom Hagen JM, Schöls L, Haack TB, Strom TM, Prokisch H, Dols-Icardo O, Clarimón J, Lleó A, Santana I, Almeida MR, Santiago B, Heneka MT, Jessen F, Ramirez A, Sanchez-Valle R, Llado A, Gelpi E, Sarafov S, Tournev I, Jordanova A, Parobkova E, Fabrizi GM, Testi S, Salmon E, Ströbel T, Santens P, Robberecht W, De Jonghe P, Martin JJ, Cras P, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Rare mutations in SQSTM1 modify susceptibility to frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:397-410. [PMID: 24899140 PMCID: PMC4131163 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene coding for Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) have been genetically associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Paget disease of bone. In the present study, we analyzed the SQSTM1 coding sequence for mutations in an extended cohort of 1,808 patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), ascertained within the European Early-Onset Dementia consortium. As control dataset, we sequenced 1,625 European control individuals and analyzed whole-exome sequence data of 2,274 German individuals (total n = 3,899). Association of rare SQSTM1 mutations was calculated in a meta-analysis of 4,332 FTLD and 10,240 control alleles. We identified 25 coding variants in FTLD patients of which 10 have not been described. Fifteen mutations were absent in the control individuals (carrier frequency <0.00026) whilst the others were rare in both patients and control individuals. When pooling all variants with a minor allele frequency <0.01, an overall frequency of 3.2 % was calculated in patients. Rare variant association analysis between patients and controls showed no difference over the whole protein, but suggested that rare mutations clustering in the UBA domain of SQSTM1 may influence disease susceptibility by doubling the risk for FTLD (RR = 2.18 [95 % CI 1.24–3.85]; corrected p value = 0.042). Detailed histopathology demonstrated that mutations in SQSTM1 associate with widespread neuronal and glial phospho-TDP-43 pathology. With this study, we provide further evidence for a putative role of rare mutations in SQSTM1 in the genetic etiology of FTLD and showed that, comparable to other FTLD/ALS genes, SQSTM1 mutations are associated with TDP-43 pathology.
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18
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Ferrari R, Hernandez DG, Nalls MA, Rohrer JD, Ramasamy A, Kwok JBJ, Dobson-Stone C, Brooks WS, Schofield PR, Halliday GM, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Bartley L, Thompson E, Haan E, Hernández I, Ruiz A, Boada M, Borroni B, Padovani A, Cruchaga C, Cairns NJ, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Forloni G, Galimberti D, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Scarpini E, Clarimón J, Lleó A, Blesa R, Waldö ML, Nilsson K, Nilsson C, Mackenzie IRA, Hsiung GYR, Mann DMA, Grafman J, Morris CM, Attems J, Griffiths TD, McKeith IG, Thomas AJ, Pietrini P, Huey ED, Wassermann EM, Baborie A, Jaros E, Tierney MC, Pastor P, Razquin C, Ortega-Cubero S, Alonso E, Perneczky R, Diehl-Schmid J, Alexopoulos P, Kurz A, Rainero I, Rubino E, Pinessi L, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Rossi G, Tagliavini F, Giaccone G, Rowe JB, Schlachetzki JCM, Uphill J, Collinge J, Mead S, Danek A, Van Deerlin VM, Grossman M, Trojanowski JQ, van der Zee J, Deschamps W, Van Langenhove T, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Cappa SF, Le Ber I, Hannequin D, Golfier V, Vercelletto M, Brice A, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Bagnoli S, Piaceri I, Nielsen JE, Hjermind LE, Riemenschneider M, Mayhaus M, Ibach B, Gasparoni G, Pichler S, Gu W, Rossor MN, Fox NC, Warren JD, Spillantini MG, Morris HR, Rizzu P, Heutink P, Snowden JS, Rollinson S, Richardson A, Gerhard A, Bruni AC, Maletta R, Frangipane F, Cupidi C, Bernardi L, Anfossi M, Gallo M, Conidi ME, Smirne N, Rademakers R, Baker M, Dickson DW, Graff-Radford NR, Petersen RC, Knopman D, Josephs KA, Boeve BF, Parisi JE, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Karydas AM, Rosen H, van Swieten JC, Dopper EGP, Seelaar H, Pijnenburg YAL, Scheltens P, Logroscino G, Capozzo R, Novelli V, Puca AA, Franceschi M, Postiglione A, Milan G, Sorrentino P, Kristiansen M, Chiang HH, Graff C, Pasquier F, Rollin A, Deramecourt V, Lebert F, Kapogiannis D, Ferrucci L, Pickering-Brown S, Singleton AB, Hardy J, Momeni P. Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13:686-99. [PMID: 24943344 PMCID: PMC4112126 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex disorder characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations, differential pathological signatures, and genetic variability. Mutations in three genes-MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72--have been associated with FTD. We sought to identify novel genetic risk loci associated with the disorder. METHODS We did a two-stage genome-wide association study on clinical FTD, analysing samples from 3526 patients with FTD and 9402 healthy controls. To reduce genetic heterogeneity, all participants were of European ancestry. In the discovery phase (samples from 2154 patients with FTD and 4308 controls), we did separate association analyses for each FTD subtype (behavioural variant FTD, semantic dementia, progressive non-fluent aphasia, and FTD overlapping with motor neuron disease [FTD-MND]), followed by a meta-analysis of the entire dataset. We carried forward replication of the novel suggestive loci in an independent sample series (samples from 1372 patients and 5094 controls) and then did joint phase and brain expression and methylation quantitative trait loci analyses for the associated (p<5 × 10(-8)) single-nucleotide polymorphisms. FINDINGS We identified novel associations exceeding the genome-wide significance threshold (p<5 × 10(-8)). Combined (joint) analyses of discovery and replication phases showed genome-wide significant association at 6p21.3, HLA locus (immune system), for rs9268877 (p=1·05 × 10(-8); odds ratio=1·204 [95% CI 1·11-1·30]), rs9268856 (p=5·51 × 10(-9); 0·809 [0·76-0·86]) and rs1980493 (p value=1·57 × 10(-8), 0·775 [0·69-0·86]) in the entire cohort. We also identified a potential novel locus at 11q14, encompassing RAB38/CTSC (the transcripts of which are related to lysosomal biology), for the behavioural FTD subtype for which joint analyses showed suggestive association for rs302668 (p=2·44 × 10(-7); 0·814 [0·71-0·92]). Analysis of expression and methylation quantitative trait loci data suggested that these loci might affect expression and methylation in cis. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that immune system processes (link to 6p21.3) and possibly lysosomal and autophagy pathways (link to 11q14) are potentially involved in FTD. Our findings need to be replicated to better define the association of the newly identified loci with disease and to shed light on the pathomechanisms contributing to FTD. FUNDING The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Institute on Aging, the Wellcome/MRC Centre on Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's Research UK, and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - John B J Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William S Brooks
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Thompson
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eric Haan
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Hope Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Hope Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Luisa Benussi
- NeuroBioGen Lab-Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- NeuroBioGen Lab-Memory Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Proteomics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Landqvist Waldö
- Unit of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Karin Nilsson
- Unit of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Ian R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ging-Yuek R Hsiung
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David M A Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, UK
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, IL, USA
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, IL, USA; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL, USA; Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian G McKeith
- Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Newcastle University, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - P Pietrini
- Clinical Psychology Branch, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edward D Huey
- Taub Institute, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 10032
| | - Eric M Wassermann
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Atik Baborie
- Neuropathology Department, Walton Centre FT, Liverpool, UK
| | - Evelyn Jaros
- Newcastle University, Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Neuropathology/Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael C Tierney
- Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Center for Networker Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Alonso
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK; West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London TW8 8 DS, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy; AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy; AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinessi
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy; AO Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- Cambridge University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg Medical School, Germany; Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James Uphill
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - William Deschamps
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Deptartment Of Clinical Neuroscience, Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Inserm, UMR_S975, CRICM, F-75013; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S975, F-75013; and CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie-Centre de Références des Démences Rares, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Service de Neurologie, Inserm U1079, CNR-MAJ, Rouen University Hospital, France
| | | | | | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm, UMR_S975, CRICM, F-75013; UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S975, F-75013; and CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie-Centre de Références des Démences Rares, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena E Hjermind
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Neurogenetics Clinic, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Section of Neurogenetics, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Riemenschneider
- Saarland University Hospital, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayhaus
- Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Bernd Ibach
- University Regensburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Universitätsstr 84, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sabrina Pichler
- Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Wei Gu
- Saarland University, Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Kirrberger, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Luxembourg Centre For Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Martin N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Brain Repair Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases-Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julie S Snowden
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Rollinson
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna Richardson
- Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, UK
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Livia Bernardi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Maria Anfossi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Matt Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - David Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elise G P Dopper
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Centre and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs of the Aldo Moro, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs of the Aldo Moro, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Novelli
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione S Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Postiglione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Graziella Milan
- Geriatric Center Frullone-ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Huei-Hsin Chiang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska Universtiy Hospital, Stockholm
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska Universtiy Hospital, Stockholm
| | | | | | | | | | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
| | - Parastoo Momeni
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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19
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Cuyvers E, Bettens K, Philtjens S, Van Langenhove T, Gijselinck I, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S, Vandenbulcke M, Van Dongen J, Geerts N, Maes G, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, Cras P, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Cruts M, Sleegers K. Investigating the role of rare heterozygous TREM2 variants in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:726.e11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Gallagher MD, Suh E, Grossman M, Elman L, McCluskey L, Van Swieten JC, Al-Sarraj S, Neumann M, Gelpi E, Ghetti B, Rohrer JD, Halliday G, Van Broeckhoven C, Seilhean D, Shaw PJ, Frosch MP, Alafuzoff I, Antonell A, Bogdanovic N, Brooks W, Cairns NJ, Cooper-Knock J, Cotman C, Cras P, Cruts M, De Deyn PP, DeCarli C, Dobson-Stone C, Engelborghs S, Fox N, Galasko D, Gearing M, Gijselinck I, Grafman J, Hartikainen P, Hatanpaa KJ, Highley JR, Hodges J, Hulette C, Ince PG, Jin LW, Kirby J, Kofler J, Kril J, Kwok JBJ, Levey A, Lieberman A, Llado A, Martin JJ, Masliah E, McDermott CJ, McKee A, McLean C, Mead S, Miller CA, Miller J, Munoz DG, Murrell J, Paulson H, Piguet O, Rossor M, Sanchez-Valle R, Sano M, Schneider J, Silbert LC, Spina S, van der Zee J, Van Langenhove T, Warren J, Wharton SB, White CL, Woltjer RL, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Van Deerlin V, Chen-Plotkin AS. TMEM106B is a genetic modifier of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:407-18. [PMID: 24442578 PMCID: PMC4003885 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) have recently been linked to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and may be the most common genetic cause of both neurodegenerative diseases. Genetic variants at TMEM106B influence risk for the most common neuropathological subtype of FTLD, characterized by inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (FTLD-TDP). Previous reports have shown that TMEM106B is a genetic modifier of FTLD-TDP caused by progranulin (GRN) mutations, with the major (risk) allele of rs1990622 associating with earlier age at onset of disease. Here, we report that rs1990622 genotype affects age at death in a single-site discovery cohort of FTLD patients with C9orf72 expansions (n = 14), with the major allele correlated with later age at death (p = 0.024). We replicate this modifier effect in a 30-site international neuropathological cohort of FTLD-TDP patients with C9orf72 expansions (n = 75), again finding that the major allele associates with later age at death (p = 0.016), as well as later age at onset (p = 0.019). In contrast, TMEM106B genotype does not affect age at onset or death in 241 FTLD-TDP cases negative for GRN mutations or C9orf72 expansions. Thus, TMEM106B is a genetic modifier of FTLD with C9orf72 expansions. Intriguingly, the genotype that confers increased risk for developing FTLD-TDP (major, or T, allele of rs1990622) is associated with later age at onset and death in C9orf72 expansion carriers, providing an example of sign epistasis in human neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Gallagher
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Mori K, Arzberger T, Grässer FA, Gijselinck I, May S, Rentzsch K, Weng SM, Schludi MH, van der Zee J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Kremmer E, Kretzschmar HA, Haass C, Edbauer D. Bidirectional transcripts of the expanded C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat are translated into aggregating dipeptide repeat proteins. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 126:881-93. [PMID: 24132570 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Massive GGGGCC repeat expansion in the first intron of the gene C9orf72 is the most common known cause of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite its intronic localization and lack of an ATG start codon, the repeat region is translated in all three reading frames into aggregating dipeptide-repeat (DPR) proteins, poly-(Gly-Ala), poly-(Gly-Pro) and poly-(Gly-Arg). We took an antibody-based approach to further validate the translation of DPR proteins. To test whether the antisense repeat RNA transcript is also translated, we raised antibodies against the predicted products, poly-(Ala-Pro) and poly-(Pro-Arg). Both antibodies stained p62-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions throughout the cerebellum and hippocampus indicating that not only sense but also antisense strand repeats are translated into DPR proteins in the absence of ATG start codons. Protein products of both strands co-aggregate suggesting concurrent translation of both strands. Moreover, an antibody targeting the putative carboxyl terminus of DPR proteins can detect inclusion pathology in C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers suggesting that the non-ATG translation continues through the entire repeat and beyond. A highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against poly-(Gly-Arg), visualized abundant inclusion pathology in all cortical regions and some inclusions also in motoneurons. Together, our data show that the GGGGCC repeat is bidirectionally translated into five distinct DPR proteins that co-aggregate in the characteristic p62-positive TDP-43 negative inclusions found in FTLD/ALS cases with C9orf72 repeat expansion. Novel monoclonal antibodies against poly-(Gly-Arg) will facilitate pathological diagnosis of C9orf72 FTLD/ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Mori
- Adolf Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Schillerstr. 44, 80336, Munich, Germany
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22
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Cacace R, Cuyvers E, Bettens K, Van Cauwenberghe C, Van Dongen J, Cruts M, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. P1–059: Whole genome sequencing in an unresolved Alzheimer's disease family linked to 7q36. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cacace
- VIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Elise Cuyvers
- VIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Karolien Bettens
- VIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | | | | | - Marc Cruts
- VIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- VIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
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23
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Banzhaf-Strathmann J, Claus R, Mücke O, Rentzsch K, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, van Broeckhoven C, Plass C, Edbauer D. Promoter DNA methylation regulates progranulin expression and is altered in FTLD. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2013; 1:16. [PMID: 24252647 PMCID: PMC3893557 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with personality changes and progressive dementia. Loss-of-function mutations in the growth factor progranulin (GRN) cause autosomal dominant FTLD, but so far the pathomechanism of sporadic FTLD is unclear. Results We analyzed whether DNA methylation in the GRN core promoter restricts GRN expression and, thus, might promote FTLD in the absence of GRN mutations. GRN expression in human lymphoblast cell lines is negatively correlated with methylation at several CpG units within the GRN promoter. Chronic treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) strongly induces GRN mRNA and protein levels. In a reporter assay, CpG methylation blocks transcriptional activity of the GRN core promoter. In brains of FTLD patients several CpG units in the GRN promoter are significantly hypermethylated compared to age-matched healthy controls, Alzheimer and Parkinson patients. These CpG motifs are critical for GRN promoter activity in reporter assays. Furthermore, DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) is upregulated in FTLD patients and overexpression of DNMT3a reduces GRN promoter activity and expression. Conclusion These data suggest that altered DNA methylation is a novel pathomechanism for FTLD that is potentially amenable to targeted pharmacotherapy.
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24
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Van Langenhove T, van der Zee J, Gijselinck I, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, Vandenbulcke M, De Bleecker J, Sieben A, Versijpt J, Ivanoiu A, Deryck O, Willems C, Dillen L, Philtjens S, Maes G, Bäumer V, Van Den Broeck M, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, Martin JJ, Michotte A, Santens P, De Jonghe P, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Distinct clinical characteristics of C9orf72 expansion carriers compared with GRN, MAPT, and nonmutation carriers in a Flanders-Belgian FTLD cohort. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:365-73. [PMID: 23338682 DOI: 10.1001/2013.jamaneurol.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with a repeat expansion mutation in the gene C9orf72, and to determine whether there are differences in the clinical presentation compared with FTLD carriers of a mutation in GRN or MAPT or with patients with FTLD without mutation. DESIGN Patient series. SETTING Dementia clinics in Flanders, Belgium. PATIENTS Two hundred seventy-five genetically and phenotypically thoroughly characterized patients with FTLD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical and demographic characteristics of 26 C9orf72 expansion carriers compared with patients with a GRN or MAPT mutation, as well as patients with familial and sporadic FTLD without mutation. RESULTS C9orf72 expansion carriers developed FTLD at an early age (average, 55.3 years; range, 42-69 years), significantly earlier than in GRN mutation carriers or patients with FTLD without mutation. Mean survival (6.2 years; range, 1.5-17.0 years) was similar to other patient groups. Most developed behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (85%), with disinhibited behavior as the prominent feature. Concomitant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a strong distinguishing feature for C9orf72 -associated FTLD. However, in most patients (73%), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis symptoms were absent. Compared with C9orf72 expansion carriers, nonfluent aphasia and limb apraxia were significantly more common in GRN mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS C9orf72 -associated FTLD most often presents with early-onset behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia with disinhibition as the prominent feature, with or without amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Based on the observed genotype-phenotype correlations between the different FTLD syndromes and different genetic causes, we propose a decision tree to guide clinical genetic testing in patients clinically diagnosed as having FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van Langenhove
- VIB–Department of Molecular Genetics, Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, University of Antwerp–CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium.
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25
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Mori K, Lammich S, Mackenzie IRA, Forné I, Zilow S, Kretzschmar H, Edbauer D, Janssens J, Kleinberger G, Cruts M, Herms J, Neumann M, Van Broeckhoven C, Arzberger T, Haass C. hnRNP A3 binds to GGGGCC repeats and is a constituent of p62-positive/TDP43-negative inclusions in the hippocampus of patients with C9orf72 mutations. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:413-23. [PMID: 23381195 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic analysis revealed the hexanucleotide repeat expansion GGGGCC within the regulatory region of the gene C9orf72 as the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the second most common cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Since repeat expansions might cause RNA toxicity via sequestration of RNA-binding proteins, we searched for proteins capable of binding to GGGGCC repeats. In vitro-transcribed biotinylated RNA containing hexanucleotide GGGGCC or, as control, AAAACC repeats were incubated with nuclear protein extracts. Using stringent filtering protocols 20 RNA-binding proteins with a variety of different functions in RNA metabolism, translation and transport were identified. A subset of these proteins was further investigated by immunohistochemistry in human autopsy brains. This revealed that hnRNP A3 formed neuronal cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in the hippocampus of patients with C9orf72 repeat extensions. Confocal microcopy showed that these inclusions belong to the group of the so far enigmatic p62-positive/TDP-43 negative inclusions characteristically seen in autopsy cases of diseased C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers. Thus, we have identified one protein component of these pathognomonic inclusions.
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26
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Mori K, Weng SM, Arzberger T, May S, Rentzsch K, Kremmer E, Schmid B, Kretzschmar HA, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Haass C, Edbauer D. The C9orf72 GGGGCC repeat is translated into aggregating dipeptide-repeat proteins in FTLD/ALS. Science 2013; 339:1335-8. [PMID: 23393093 DOI: 10.1126/science.1232927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 939] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of a GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat upstream of the C9orf72 coding region is the most common cause of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTLD/ALS), but the pathomechanisms involved are unknown. As in other FTLD/ALS variants, characteristic intracellular inclusions of misfolded proteins define C9orf72 pathology, but the core proteins of the majority of inclusions are still unknown. Here, we found that most of these characteristic inclusions contain poly-(Gly-Ala) and, to a lesser extent, poly-(Gly-Pro) and poly-(Gly-Arg) dipeptide-repeat proteins presumably generated by non-ATG-initiated translation from the expanded GGGGCC repeat in three reading frames. These findings directly link the FTLD/ALS-associated genetic mutation to the predominant pathology in patients with C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Mori
- Adolf Butenandt-Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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27
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Cacace R, Van Cauwenberghe C, Bettens K, Gijselinck I, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S, Vandenbulcke M, Van Dongen J, Bäumer V, Dillen L, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, Cruts M, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Sleegers K. C9orf72 G4C2 repeat expansions in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1712.e1-7. [PMID: 23352322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
C9orf72 G4C2 repeat expansion is a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is less clear. We assessed the prevalence of G4C2 pathogenic repeat expansions in Flanders-Belgian patients with clinical AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, we studied the effect of non-pathogenic G4C2 repeat length variability on susceptibility to AD, and on AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels. A pathogenic repeat expansion was identified in 5 of 1217 AD patients (frequency <1%). No pathogenic expansions were observed in patients with MCI (n = 200) or control individuals (n = 1119). Nonpathogenic repeat length variability was not associated with AD, risk of conversion to AD in MCI individuals, or CSF biomarker levels. We conclude that pathogenic C9orf72 G4C2 repeat expansions can be detected in clinical AD patients and could act as a contributor to AD pathogenesis. Non-pathogenic repeat length variability did not affect risk of AD or MCI, nor AD biomarker levels in CSF, indicating that C9orf72 is not a direct AD risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cacace
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
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28
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Dillen L, Van Langenhove T, Engelborghs S, Vandenbulcke M, Sarafov S, Tournev I, Merlin C, Cras P, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Jordanova A, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J. Explorative genetic study of UBQLN2 and PFN1 in an extended Flanders-Belgian cohort of frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1711.e1-5. [PMID: 23312802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UBQLN2 and PFN1 were recently associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated a role for these ALS genes in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We screened 328 FTLD, 17 FTLD-ALS, and 157 ALS patients. Patients originated from Flanders-Belgium except for 26 Bulgarian ALS patients. The frequency of UBQLN2 and PFN1 genetic variants in the FTLD patients was low at 0.30% and 0.91% respectively. Moreover, the biological relevance to disease of the variants was questionable. In UBQLN2, we identified p.S346C outside of the PXX domain in 1 FTLD patient. Yet, a closely located serine substitution, p.S340I, was observed in a neurologically healthy control individual. In PFN1, we observed the previously reported p.E117G mutation in 3 FTLD patients and in 3 control individuals. In the ALS patient cohort, we detected UBQLN2 variants in 1.27% of patients. These involved 2 novel UBQLN2 missense mutations, p.S400G and p.P440L, that were also present in unaffected relatives (i.e., the p.S400G carrier's son [70 years] and daughter [65 years]) and the p.P440L carrier's mother (67 years). No mutations were observed in PFN1. In summary, we conclude that genetic variations in UBQLN2 and PFN1 in a predominantly Flanders-Belgian cohort of FTLD and ALS patients are extremely rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubina Dillen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
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van der Zee J, Gijselinck I, Dillen L, Van Langenhove T, Theuns J, Engelborghs S, Philtjens S, Vandenbulcke M, Sleegers K, Sieben A, Bäumer V, Maes G, Corsmit E, Borroni B, Padovani A, Archetti S, Perneczky R, Diehl-Schmid J, de Mendonça A, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Pereira S, Pimentel J, Nacmias B, Bagnoli S, Sorbi S, Graff C, Chiang HH, Westerlund M, Sanchez-Valle R, Llado A, Gelpi E, Santana I, Almeida MR, Santiago B, Frisoni G, Zanetti O, Bonvicini C, Synofzik M, Maetzler W, Vom Hagen JM, Schöls L, Heneka MT, Jessen F, Matej R, Parobkova E, Kovacs GG, Ströbel T, Sarafov S, Tournev I, Jordanova A, Danek A, Arzberger T, Fabrizi GM, Testi S, Salmon E, Santens P, Martin JJ, Cras P, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J, Gijselinck I, Dillen L, Van Langenhove T, Theuns J, Philtjens S, Sleegers K, Bäumer V, Maes G, Corsmit E, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J, Gijselinck I, Dillen L, Van Langenhove T, Philtjens S, Theuns J, Sleegers K, Bäumer V, Maes G, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Cras P, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Vandenbulcke M, Vandenbulcke M, Borroni B, Padovani A, Archetti S, Perneczky R, Diehl-Schmid J, Synofzik M, Maetzler W, Müller Vom Hagen J, Schöls L, Synofzik M, Maetzler W, Müller Vom Hagen J, Schöls L, Heneka MT, Jessen F, Ramirez A, Kurzwelly D, Sachtleben C, Mairer W, de Mendonça A, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Pereira S, Firmo C, Pimentel J, Sanchez-Valle R, Llado A, Antonell A, Molinuevo J, Gelpi E, Graff C, Chiang HH, Westerlund M, Graff C, Kinhult Ståhlbom A, Thonberg H, Nennesmo I, Börjesson-Hanson A, Nacmias B, Bagnoli S, Sorbi S, Bessi V, Piaceri I, Santana I, Santiago B, Santana I, Helena Ribeiro M, Rosário Almeida M, Oliveira C, Massano J, Garret C, Pires P, Frisoni G, Zanetti O, Bonvicini C, Sarafov S, Tournev I, Jordanova A, Tournev I, Kovacs GG, Ströbel T, Heneka MT, Jessen F, Ramirez A, Kurzwelly D, Sachtleben C, Mairer W, Jessen F, Matej R, Parobkova E, Danel A, Arzberger T, Maria Fabrizi G, Testi S, Ferrari S, Cavallaro T, Salmon E, Santens P, Cras P. A pan-European study of the C9orf72 repeat associated with FTLD: geographic prevalence, genomic instability, and intermediate repeats. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:363-73. [PMID: 23111906 PMCID: PMC3638346 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the geographical distribution of C9orf72 G(4) C(2) expansions in a pan-European frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cohort (n = 1,205), ascertained by the European Early-Onset Dementia (EOD) consortium. Next, we performed a meta-analysis of our data and that of other European studies, together 2,668 patients from 15 Western European countries. The frequency of the C9orf72 expansions in Western Europe was 9.98% in overall FTLD, with 18.52% in familial, and 6.26% in sporadic FTLD patients. Outliers were Finland and Sweden with overall frequencies of respectively 29.33% and 20.73%, but also Spain with 25.49%. In contrast, prevalence in Germany was limited to 4.82%. In addition, we studied the role of intermediate repeats (7-24 repeat units), which are strongly correlated with the risk haplotype, on disease and C9orf72 expression. In vitro reporter gene expression studies demonstrated significantly decreased transcriptional activity of C9orf72 with increasing number of normal repeat units, indicating that intermediate repeats might act as predisposing alleles and in favor of the loss-of-function disease mechanism. Further, we observed a significantly increased frequency of short indels in the GC-rich low complexity sequence adjacent to the G(4) C(2) repeat in C9orf72 expansion carriers (P < 0.001) with the most common indel creating one long contiguous imperfect G(4) C(2) repeat, which is likely more prone to replication slippage and pathological expansion.
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Sieben A, Van Langenhove T, Engelborghs S, Martin JJ, Boon P, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Santens P, Van Broeckhoven C, Cruts M. The genetics and neuropathology of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 124:353-72. [PMID: 22890575 PMCID: PMC3422616 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by disturbances of behavior and personality and different types of language impairment with or without concomitant features of motor neuron disease or parkinsonism. FTLD is characterized by atrophy of the frontal and anterior temporal brain lobes. Detailed neuropathological studies have elicited proteinopathies defined by inclusions of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, TAR DNA-binding protein TDP-43, fused-in-sarcoma or yet unidentified proteins in affected brain regions. Rather than the type of proteinopathy, the site of neurodegeneration correlates relatively well with the clinical presentation of FTLD. Molecular genetic studies identified five disease genes, of which the gene encoding the tau protein (MAPT), the growth factor precursor gene granulin (GRN), and C9orf72 with unknown function are most frequently mutated. Rare mutations were also identified in the genes encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP) and charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B). These genes are good markers to distinguish underlying neuropathological phenotypes. Due to the complex landscape of FTLD diseases, combined characterization of clinical, imaging, biological and genetic biomarkers is essential to establish a detailed diagnosis. Although major progress has been made in FTLD research in recent years, further studies are needed to completely map out and correlate the clinical, pathological and genetic entities, and to understand the underlying disease mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current state of the rapidly progressing field of genetic, neuropathological and clinical research of this intriguing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sieben
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Boon
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Peter-Paul De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Alzheimer Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Cruts M, Theuns J, Van Broeckhoven C. Locus-specific mutation databases for neurodegenerative brain diseases. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:1340-4. [PMID: 22581678 PMCID: PMC3465795 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal dementia (AD&FTLD) and Parkinson disease (PD) Mutation Databases make available curated information of sequence variations in genes causing Mendelian forms of the most common neurodegenerative brain disease AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and PD. They are established resources for clinical geneticists, neurologists, and researchers in need of comprehensive, referenced genetic, epidemiologic, clinical, neuropathological, and/or cell biological information of specific gene mutations in these diseases. In addition, the aggregate analysis of all information available in the databases provides unique opportunities to extract mutation characteristics and genotype–phenotype correlations, which would be otherwise unnoticed and unexplored. Such analyses revealed that 61.4% of mutations are private to one single family, while only 5.7% of mutations occur in 10 or more families. The five mutations with most frequent independent observations occur in 21% of AD, 43% of FTLD, and 48% of PD families recorded in the Mutation Databases, respectively. Although these figures are inevitably biased by a publishing policy favoring novel mutations, they probably also reflect the occurrence of multiple rare and few relatively common mutations in the inherited forms of these diseases. Finally, with the exception of the PD genes PARK2 and PINK1, all other genes are associated with more than one clinical diagnosis or characteristics thereof. Hum Mutat 33:1340–1344, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Van Langenhove T, Zee J, Gijselinck I, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, Sieben A, Santens P, De Jonghe P, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. O1‐05‐05: The clinical presentation of C9orf72‐associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration in an extended Flanders‐Belgian cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Zee
- VIB and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ilse Gijselinck
- VIB and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Memory ClinicHospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg and University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anne Sieben
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Ghent and University of GhentGentBelgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Ghent and University of GhentGentBelgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Department of NeurologyAntwerp University Hospital and Department of Molecular Genetics, VIBAntwerpBelgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Department of NeurologyAntwerp University Hospital and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Peter P. De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Memory ClinicHospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) MiddelheimInstitute Born‐BungeUniversity of Antwerp and Alzheimer Research CenterUniversity Medical Center GroningenAntwerpBelgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- VIB and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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Zee J, Gijselinck I, Dillen L, Van Langenhove T, Sieben A, Martin J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. O5‐03‐05: Geographical frequency of the FTLD‐ALS causing C9orf72 repeat expansion mutation in an extended cohort ascertained within the European consortium on early‐onset dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Zee
- VIB and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Ilse Gijselinck
- VIB and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Lubina Dillen
- VIB and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | | | - Anne Sieben
- VIB and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | | | - Marc Cruts
- VIB and Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
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Van Langenhove T, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, Santens P, Van den Broeck M, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, Nuytten D, Cras P, De Deyn PP, De Jonghe P, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Ataxin-2 polyQ expansions in FTLD-ALS spectrum disorders in Flanders-Belgian cohorts. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1004.e17-20. [PMID: 22035589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van Langenhove
- Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Brouwers N, Van Cauwenberghe C, Engelborghs S, Lambert JC, Bettens K, Le Bastard N, Pasquier F, Montoya AG, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Amouyel P, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Alzheimer risk associated with a copy number variation in the complement receptor 1 increasing C3b/C4b binding sites. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:223-33. [PMID: 21403675 PMCID: PMC3265835 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two multicentre genome-wide association (GWA) studies provided substantial evidence, implicating the complement receptor 1 gene (CR1) in Alzheimer disease (AD) genetic etiology. CR1 encodes a large transmembrane receptor with a crucial role in the immune complement cascade. We performed a genetic follow-up of the GWA CR1 association in a Flanders-Belgian cohort (n=1883), and investigated the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the CR1 locus on AD risk and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels. We obtained significant association (P(adj)<0.03; odds ratio (OR)=1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.51)) for one CR1 risk haplotype, and haplotype association was strongest in individuals carrying apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 alleles (P(adj)<0.006; OR=1.50 (95% CI: 1.08-2.09)). Also, four SNPs correlated with increased CSF amyloid Aβ₁₋₄₂ levels, suggesting a role for the CR1 protein in Aβ metabolism. Moreover, we quantified a low-copy repeat (LCR)-associated copy number variation (CNV) in CR1, producing different CR1 isoforms, CR1-F and CR1-S, and obtained significant association in carriers of CR1-S. We replicated the CR1 CNV association finding in a French cohort (n=2003) and calculated in the combined cohorts, an OR of 1.32; 95% CI: 1.10-1.59 (P=0.0025). Our data showed that the common AD risk association may well be explained by the presence of CR1-S increasing the number of C3b/C4b and cofactor activity sites and AD risk with 30% in CR1-S carriers. How precisely the different functional role of CR1-S in the immune complement cascade contributes to AD pathogenesis will need additional functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brouwers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - C Van Cauwenberghe
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - S Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - J-C Lambert
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - K Bettens
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - N Le Bastard
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - F Pasquier
- Université de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,CHR&U de Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Gil Montoya
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - K Peeters
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Mattheijssens
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - R Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - P P De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - P Amouyel
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,CHR&U de Lille, Lille, France
| | - K Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - C Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp-CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium. E-mail:
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Gijselinck I, Van Langenhove T, van der Zee J, Sleegers K, Philtjens S, Kleinberger G, Janssens J, Bettens K, Van Cauwenberghe C, Pereson S, Engelborghs S, Sieben A, De Jonghe P, Vandenberghe R, Santens P, De Bleecker J, Maes G, Bäumer V, Dillen L, Joris G, Cuijt I, Corsmit E, Elinck E, Van Dongen J, Vermeulen S, Van den Broeck M, Vaerenberg C, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, Robberecht W, Cras P, Martin JJ, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. A C9orf72 promoter repeat expansion in a Flanders-Belgian cohort with disorders of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum: a gene identification study. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11:54-65. [PMID: 22154785 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Van Langenhove T, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, Santens P, Cras P, Nuytten D, De Jonghe P, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C, Zee J. O4‐03‐07: Association of intermediate‐length polyQ expansions in ATXN2 with ALS but not FTLD in a flanders‐belgian cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van Langenhove
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Department of Neurology and Memory ClinicHospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven (KULeuven)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Ghent and Ghent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Antwerp and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Dirk Nuytten
- Department of NeurologyHospital Network Antwerp StuivenbergAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Antwerp and Department of Molecular Genetics, VIBAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Peter P. De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Memory ClinicHospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken; and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Julie Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB and Institute Born‐Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
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Chen-Plotkin AS, Martinez-Lage M, Sleiman PMA, Hu W, Greene R, Wood EM, Bing S, Grossman M, Schellenberg GD, Hatanpaa KJ, Weiner MF, White CL, Brooks WS, Halliday GM, Kril JJ, Gearing M, Beach TG, Graff-Radford NR, Dickson DW, Rademakers R, Boeve BF, Pickering-Brown SM, Snowden J, van Swieten JC, Heutink P, Seelaar H, Murrell JR, Ghetti B, Spina S, Grafman J, Kaye JA, Woltjer RL, Mesulam M, Bigio E, Lladó A, Miller BL, Alzualde A, Moreno F, Rohrer JD, Mackenzie IRA, Feldman HH, Hamilton RL, Cruts M, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Bird TD, Cairns NJ, Goate A, Frosch MP, Riederer PF, Bogdanovic N, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM. Genetic and clinical features of progranulin-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 68:488-97. [PMID: 21482928 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relative frequency of unique mutations and their associated characteristics in 97 individuals with mutations in progranulin (GRN), an important cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN A 46-site International Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Collaboration was formed to collect cases of FTLD with TAR DNA-binding protein of 43-kDa (TDP-43)-positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP). We identified 97 individuals with FTLD-TDP with pathogenic GRN mutations (GRN+ FTLD-TDP), assessed their genetic and clinical characteristics, and compared them with 453 patients with FTLD-TDP in which GRN mutations were excluded (GRN- FTLD-TDP). No patients were known to be related. Neuropathologic characteristics were confirmed as FTLD-TDP in 79 of the 97 GRN+ FTLD-TDP cases and all of the GRN- FTLD-TDP cases. RESULTS Age at onset of FTLD was younger in patients with GRN+ FTLD-TDP vs GRN- FTLD-TDP (median, 58.0 vs 61.0 years; P < .001), as was age at death (median, 65.5 vs 69.0 years; P < .001). Concomitant motor neuron disease was much less common in GRN+ FTLD-TDP vs GRN- FTLD-TDP (5.4% vs 26.3%; P < .001). Fifty different GRN mutations were observed, including 2 novel mutations: c.139delG (p.D47TfsX7) and c.378C>A (p.C126X). The 2 most common GRN mutations were c.1477C>T (p.R493X, found in 18 patients, representing 18.6% of GRN cases) and c.26C>A (p.A9D, found in 6 patients, representing 6.2% of cases). Patients with the c.1477C>T mutation shared a haplotype on chromosome 17; clinically, they resembled patients with other GRN mutations. Patients with the c.26C>A mutation appeared to have a younger age at onset of FTLD and at death and more parkinsonian features than those with other GRN mutations. CONCLUSION GRN+ FTLD-TDP differs in key features from GRN- FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
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Haworth A, Bertram L, Carrera P, Elson JL, Braastad CD, Cox DW, Cruts M, den Dunnen JT, Farrer MJ, Fink JK, Hamed SA, Houlden H, Johnson DR, Nuytemans K, Palau F, Rayan DLR, Robinson PN, Salas A, Schüle B, Sweeney MG, Woods MO, Amigo J, Cotton RGH, Sobrido MJ. Call for participation in the neurogenetics consortium within the Human Variome Project. Neurogenetics 2011; 12:169-73. [PMID: 21630033 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-011-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rate of DNA variation discovery has accelerated the need to collate, store and interpret the data in a standardised coherent way and is becoming a critical step in maximising the impact of discovery on the understanding and treatment of human disease. This particularly applies to the field of neurology as neurological function is impaired in many human disorders. Furthermore, the field of neurogenetics has been proven to show remarkably complex genotype-to-phenotype relationships. To facilitate the collection of DNA sequence variation pertaining to neurogenetic disorders, we have initiated the "Neurogenetics Consortium" under the umbrella of the Human Variome Project. The Consortium's founding group consisted of basic researchers, clinicians, informaticians and database creators. This report outlines the strategic aims established at the preliminary meetings of the Neurogenetics Consortium and calls for the involvement of the wider neurogenetic community in enabling the development of this important resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Haworth
- Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
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van der Zee J, Van Langenhove T, Kleinberger G, Sleegers K, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, Santens P, Van den Broeck M, Joris G, Brys J, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. TMEM106B is associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration in a clinically diagnosed patient cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:808-15. [PMID: 21354975 PMCID: PMC3044834 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a genome-wide association study of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with pathological inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein, significant association was obtained with three single nucleotide polymorphisms at 7p21.3, in a region encompassing the gene TMEM106B. This study also suggested a potential modifying effect of TMEM106B on disease since the association was strongest in progranulin mutation carriers. Further, the risk effect seemed to correlate with increased TMEM106B expression in patients. In the present study, we sought to replicate these three findings using an independent Flanders–Belgian cohort of primarily clinically diagnosed patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (n = 288). We were able to confirm the association with TMEM106B with a P-value of 0.008 for rs1990622, the top marker from the genome-wide association study [odds ratio 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.61–0.93)]. Further, high-density single nucleotide polymorphism mapping suggested that the association was solely driven by the gene TMEM106B. Homozygous carriers of the TMEM106B protective alleles had a 50% reduced risk of developing frontotemporal lobar degeneration. However, we were unable to detect a modifying effect of the TMEM106B single nucleotide polymorphisms on onset age in progranulin mutation carriers belonging to an extended, clinical and pathological well-documented founder family segregating a progranulin null mutation. Also, we could not observe significant differences in messenger RNA expression between patients and control individuals in lymphoblast cell lines and in brain frontal cortex. In conclusion, we replicated the genetic TMEM106B association in a primarily clinically diagnosed cohort of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration from Flanders–Belgium. Additional studies are needed to unravel the molecular role of TMEM106B in disease onset and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Disease Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp-CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a neurodegenerative condition that predominantly affects behavior, social awareness, and language. It is characterized by extensive heterogeneity at the clinical, pathological, and genetic levels. Recognition of these levels of heterogeneity is important for proper disease management. The identification of progranulin and TDP-43 as key proteins in a significant proportion of FTLD patients has provided the impetus for a wealth of studies probing their role in neurodegeneration. This review highlights the most recent developments and future directions in this field and puts them in perspective of the novel insights into the neurodegenerative process, which have been gained from related disorders, e.g., the role of FUS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Brouwers N, Bettens K, Gijselinck I, Engelborghs S, Pickut BA, Van Miegroet H, Montoya AG, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Contribution of TARDBP to Alzheimer's disease genetic etiology. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 21:423-30. [PMID: 20555136 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transactive response (TAR) DNA binding protein-43, TDP-43, is a major constituent of the ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Missense mutations in TDP-43 have been associated with familial and sporadic ALS. Since TDP-43 immunoreactivity was also frequently observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and elevated TDP-43 plasma levels were detected in a subset of AD patients, we sequenced the TDP-43 gene, TARDBP, in a well-documented group of AD patients (n=485). We observed one mutation in exon 3 (c.269C>T) predicting a p.Ala90Val substitution in two patients. One extra p.Ala90Val carrier was observed by sequencing exon 3 of an additional set of 254 AD patients. The mutation was absent from 604 control individuals. Allele and haplotype analysis using microsatellite markers suggested that the three patients might share a common founder. However, co-segregation of p.Ala90Val with AD could not be realized leaving its pathogenic unclear at this moment. Also, sequencing in 190 additional AD patients of TARDBP exon 6 in which pathogenic mutations have been reported in FTLD and ALS was negative. Further, genetic association analyses using five single nucleotide polymorphisms did not detect significant differences between AD patients and control individuals. In conclusion, the genetic contribution of TARDBP to AD was restricted to the rare mutation p.Ala90Val (3/739, 0.4%) of unclear pathogenic nature that affects the nuclear localization signal in TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Brouwers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Nuytemans K, Theuns J, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Genetic etiology of Parkinson disease associated with mutations in the SNCA, PARK2, PINK1, PARK7, and LRRK2 genes: a mutation update. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:763-80. [PMID: 20506312 PMCID: PMC3056147 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To date, molecular genetic analyses have identified over 500 distinct DNA variants in five disease genes associated with familial Parkinson disease; alpha-synuclein (SNCA), parkin (PARK2), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ-1 (PARK7), and Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). These genetic variants include approximately 82% simple mutations and approximately 18% copy number variations. Some mutation subtypes are likely underestimated because only few studies reported extensive mutation analyses of all five genes, by both exonic sequencing and dosage analyses. Here we present an update of all mutations published to date in the literature, systematically organized in a novel mutation database (http://www.molgen.ua.ac.be/PDmutDB). In addition, we address the biological relevance of putative pathogenic mutations. This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive genetic screening of Parkinson patients followed by an insightful study of the functional relevance of observed genetic variants. Moreover, while capturing existing data from the literature it became apparent that several of the five Parkinson genes were also contributing to the genetic etiology of other Lewy Body Diseases and Parkinson-plus syndromes, indicating that mutation screening is recommendable in these patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Nuytemans
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jessie Theuns
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marc Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular GeneticsVIB, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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Gijselinck I, Engelborghs S, Maes G, Cuijt I, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Joris G, Cras P, Martin JJ, De Deyn PP, Kumar-Singh S, Van Broeckhoven C, Cruts M. Identification of 2 Loci at Chromosomes 9 and 14 in a Multiplex Family With Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 67:606-16. [PMID: 20457961 DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Van Langenhove T, van der Zee J, Sleegers K, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, Gijselinck I, Van den Broeck M, Mattheijssens M, Peeters K, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Van Broeckhoven C. Genetic contribution of FUS to frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neurology 2010; 74:366-71. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181ccc732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sleegers K, Lambert JC, Bertram L, Cruts M, Amouyel P, Van Broeckhoven C. The pursuit of susceptibility genes for Alzheimer's disease: progress and prospects. Trends Genet 2010; 26:84-93. [PMID: 20080314 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recent discoveries in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of novel susceptibility loci (CLU, CR1 and PICALM) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have elicited considerable interest in the AD community. But what are the implications of these purely epidemiological findings for our understanding of disease etiology and patient care? In this review, we attempt to place these findings in the context of current and future AD genetics research. CLU, CR1 and PICALM support existing hypotheses about the amyloid, lipid, chaperone and chronic inflammatory pathways in AD pathogenesis. We discuss how these and future findings can be translated into efforts to ameliorate patient care by genetic profiling for risk prediction and pharmacogenetics and by guiding drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics; Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Dintchov Traykov L, Mehrabian S, Van den Broeck M, Radoslavova Raycheva M, Cruts M, Kirilova Jordanova A, Van Broeckhoven C. Novel PSEN1 mutation in a Bulgarian patient with very early-onset Alzheimer's disease, spastic paraparesis, and extrapyramidal signs. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2009; 24:404-7. [PMID: 19797784 PMCID: PMC10846061 DOI: 10.1177/1533317509341464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe the phenotype of a Bulgarian early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) family with 3 affected patients in 3 generations. In the proband, a novel L381V mutation in the presenilin1 (PSEN1) gene was identified. In this patient, the first symptoms were noticed at the age of 32 years and she died at the age of 37 years. The EOAD phenotype caused by the novel L381V mutation in the PSEN1 gene presented clinically, by a very early onset in the proband, rapid progression of dementia, spastic paraparesis, and extrapyramidal signs, as atypical clinical signs in Alzheimer's disease patients.
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48
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van der Zee J, Pirici D, Van Langenhove T, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, Hoffmann M, Pusswald G, Van den Broeck M, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Martin JJ, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Haubenberger D, Kumar-Singh S, Zimprich A, Van Broeckhoven C. Clinical heterogeneity in 3 unrelated families linked to VCP p.Arg159His. Neurology 2009; 73:626-32. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b389d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sundström A, Nilsson LG, Cruts M, Adolfsson R, Van Broeckhoven C, Nyberg L. Fatigue before and after mild traumatic brain injury: Pre–post-injury comparisons in relation toApolipoproteinE. Brain Inj 2009; 21:1049-54. [PMID: 17891567 DOI: 10.1080/02699050701630367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of fatigue for persons following a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and to evaluate the relationship between fatigue and APOE genotype. As fatigue is often found to be influenced by anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance, these factors were also measured. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Thirty-one persons who sustained a MTBI were drawn from a population-based longitudinal study. Each person who sustained a MTBI was matched by age, gender, education and APOE genotype with two non-head injury controls. Self-reported pre- and post-injury incidence of fatigue, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance was compared within-group and between groups. RESULTS For the MTBI group, incidence of fatigue was almost twice as common post- than pre-injury, whereas there was no corresponding change in a non-injured control group. Within the MTBI-group, post-injury fatigue was particularly common for carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue is common sequela after a MTBI and especially pronounced for carriers of the APOE epsilon4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sundström
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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50
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Sleegers K, Brouwers N, Van Damme P, Engelborghs S, Gijselinck I, van der Zee J, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Cruts M, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Robberecht W, Van Broeckhoven C. Serum biomarker for progranulin-associated frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Ann Neurol 2009; 65:603-9. [PMID: 19288468 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations that lead to a loss of progranulin (PGRN) explain a considerable portion of the occurrence of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We tested a biomarker allowing rapid detection of a loss of PGRN. METHODS We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure in serum the PGRN protein levels of six affected and eight unaffected carriers from within an extended Belgian founder family segregating the null mutation IVS1+5G>C. Further, we measured serum PGRN levels in 2 patients with another null mutation (a Met1 and a frameshift mutation), in 4 patients carrying a predicted pathogenic missense mutation and in 5 patients carrying a benign missense polymorphism, in 9 unaffected noncarrier relatives, and in 22 community controls. RESULTS Serum PGRN levels were reduced in both affected and unaffected null mutation carriers compared with noncarrier relatives (p(exact) < 0.0001), and allowed perfect discrimination between carriers and noncarriers (sensitivity: 1.0; 1 - specificity: 0.0). Serum PGRN levels in Cys139Arg and Arg564Cys mutation carriers were significantly lower than in controls, but greater than in null mutation carriers, fitting the hypothesis of partial loss of function caused by these missense mutations. As expected, levels for carriers of benign missense polymorphisms were not significantly different from controls. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that the serum PGRN level is a reliable biomarker for diagnosing and early detection of frontotemporal lobar degeneration caused by PGRN null mutations, and provided the first in vivo evidence that at least some missense mutations in PGRN may lead to a (partial) loss of PGRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Belgium
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