13
|
Beretta S, Cristillo V, Camera G, Morotti Colleoni C, Pellitteri G, Viti B, Bianchi E, Gipponi S, Grimoldi M, Valente M, Guttmann S, Cotelli MS, Palumbo P, Gelosa G, Meletti S, Schenone C, Ottaviani D, Filippi M, Zini A, Basilico P, Tancredi L, Cortelli P, Braga M, De Giuli V, Servidei S, Paolicelli D, Verde F, Caproni S, Pisani A, Lo Re V, Massacesi L, Roccatagliata DV, Manganotti P, Spitaleri D, Formenti A, Piccioli M, Marino S, Polverino P, Aguglia U, Ornello R, Perego E, Siciliano G, Merlo P, Capobianco M, Pantoni L, Lugaresi A, Angelocola S, De Rosa A, Sessa M, Beghi E, Agostoni EC, Monaco S, Padovani A, Priori A, Silani V, Tedeschi G, Ferrarese C. Incidence and Long-term Functional Outcome of Neurologic Disorders in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infected With Pre-Omicron Variants. Neurology 2023; 101:e892-e903. [PMID: 37414564 PMCID: PMC10501088 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A variety of neurologic disorders have been reported as presentations or complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The objective of this study was to determine their incidence dynamics and long-term functional outcome. METHODS The Neuro-COVID Italy study was a multicenter, observational, cohort study with ambispective recruitment and prospective follow-up. Consecutive hospitalized patients presenting new neurologic disorders associated with COVID-19 infection (neuro-COVID), independently from respiratory severity, were systematically screened and actively recruited by neurology specialists in 38 centers in Italy and the Republic of San Marino. The primary outcomes were incidence of neuro-COVID cases during the first 70 weeks of the pandemic (March 2020-June 2021) and long-term functional outcome at 6 months, categorized as full recovery, mild symptoms, disabling symptoms, or death. RESULTS Among 52,759 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 1,865 patients presenting 2,881 new neurologic disorders associated with COVID-19 infection (neuro-COVID) were recruited. The incidence of neuro-COVID cases significantly declined over time, comparing the first 3 pandemic waves (8.4%, 95% CI 7.9-8.9; 5.0%, 95% CI 4.7-5.3; 3.3%, 95% CI 3.0-3.6, respectively; p = 0.027). The most frequent neurologic disorders were acute encephalopathy (25.2%), hyposmia-hypogeusia (20.2%), acute ischemic stroke (18.4%), and cognitive impairment (13.7%). The onset of neurologic disorders was more common in the prodromic phase (44.3%) or during the acute respiratory illness (40.9%), except for cognitive impairment whose onset prevailed during recovery (48.4%). A good functional outcome was achieved by most patients with neuro-COVID (64.6%) during follow-up (median 6.7 months), and the proportion of good outcome increased throughout the study period (r = 0.29, 95% CI 0.05-0.50; p = 0.019). Mild residual symptoms were frequently reported (28.1%) while disabling symptoms were common only in stroke survivors (47.6%). DISCUSSION Incidence of COVID-associated neurologic disorders decreased during the prevaccination phase of the pandemic. Long-term functional outcome was favorable in most neuro-COVID disorders, although mild symptoms commonly lasted more than 6 months after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Beretta
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
| | - Viviana Cristillo
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Camera
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Morotti Colleoni
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Pellitteri
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Viti
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Gipponi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grimoldi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Guttmann
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Cotelli
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Palumbo
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gelosa
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Meletti
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Schenone
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Ottaviani
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Zini
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Basilico
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Tancredi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Braga
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria De Giuli
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Serenella Servidei
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Damiano Paolicelli
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Caproni
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Lo Re
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Massacesi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Daria Valeria Roccatagliata
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Spitaleri
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Formenti
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Piccioli
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Polverino
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Aguglia
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ornello
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Perego
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Merlo
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Capobianco
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pantoni
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugaresi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Angelocola
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Rosa
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Sessa
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Elio Clemente Agostoni
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Monaco
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- From the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Grover S, Kumar Sreelatha AA, Pihlstrom L, Domenighetti C, Schulte C, Sugier PE, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Lichtner P, Mohamed O, Portugal B, Landoulsi Z, May P, Bobbili D, Edsall C, Bartusch F, Hanussek M, Krüger J, Hernandez DG, Blauwendraat C, Mellick GD, Zimprich A, Pirker W, Tan M, Rogaeva E, Lang A, Koks S, Taba P, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Chartier-Harlin MC, Mutez E, Brockmann K, Deutschländer AB, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Dardiotis E, Stefanis L, Simitsi AM, Valente EM, Petrucci S, Straniero L, Zecchinelli A, Pezzoli G, Brighina L, Ferrarese C, Annesi G, Quattrone A, Gagliardi M, Burbulla LF, Matsuo H, Kawamura Y, Hattori N, Nishioka K, Chung SJ, Kim YJ, Pavelka L, van de Warrenburg BPC, Bloem BR, Singleton AB, Aasly J, Toft M, Guedes LC, Ferreira JJ, Bardien S, Carr J, Tolosa E, Ezquerra M, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Wirdefeldt K, Pedersen NL, Ran C, Belin AC, Puschmann A, Hellberg C, Clarke CE, Morrison KE, Krainc D, Farrer MJ, Kruger R, Elbaz A, Gasser T, Sharma M. Genome-wide Association and Meta-analysis of Age at Onset in Parkinson Disease: Evidence From the COURAGE-PD Consortium. Neurology 2022; 99:e698-e710. [PMID: 35970579 PMCID: PMC9484604 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Considerable heterogeneity exists in the literature concerning genetic determinants of the age at onset (AAO) of Parkinson disease (PD), which could be attributed to a lack of well-powered replication cohorts. The previous largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified SNCA and TMEM175 loci on chromosome (Chr) 4 with a significant influence on the AAO of PD; these have not been independently replicated. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of GWAS of PD AAO and validate previously observed findings in worldwide populations. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed on PD AAO GWAS of 30 populations of predominantly European ancestry from the Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease (COURAGE-PD) Consortium. This was followed by combining our study with the largest publicly available European ancestry dataset compiled by the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC). RESULTS The COURAGE-PD Consortium included a cohort of 8,535 patients with PD (91.9%: Europeans and 9.1%: East Asians). The average AAO in the COURAGE-PD dataset was 58.9 years (SD = 11.6), with an underrepresentation of females (40.2%). The heritability estimate for AAO in COURAGE-PD was 0.083 (SE = 0.057). None of the loci reached genome-wide significance (p < 5 × 10-8). Nevertheless, the COURAGE-PD dataset confirmed the role of the previously published TMEM175 variant as a genetic determinant of the AAO of PD with Bonferroni-corrected nominal levels of significance (p < 0.025): (rs34311866: β(SE)COURAGE = 0.477(0.203), p COURAGE = 0.0185). The subsequent meta-analysis of COURAGE-PD and IPDGC datasets (Ntotal = 25,950) led to the identification of 2 genome-wide significant association signals on Chr 4, including the previously reported SNCA locus (rs983361: β(SE)COURAGE+IPDGC = 0.720(0.122), p COURAGE+IPDGC = 3.13 × 10-9) and a novel BST1 locus (rs4698412: β(SE)COURAGE+IPDGC = -0.526(0.096), p COURAGE+IPDGC = 4.41 × 10-8). DISCUSSION Our study further refines the genetic architecture of Chr 4 underlying the AAO of the PD phenotype through the identification of BST1 as a novel AAO PD locus. These findings open a new direction for the development of treatments to delay the onset of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lasse Pihlstrom
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Cloé Domenighetti
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Claudia Schulte
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Milena Radivojkov-Blagojevic
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Lichtner
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Océane Mohamed
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Berta Portugal
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Zied Landoulsi
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dheeraj Bobbili
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Connor Edsall
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Felix Bartusch
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Maximilian Hanussek
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jens Krüger
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - George D Mellick
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Zimprich
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Walter Pirker
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Manuela Tan
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anthony Lang
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sulev Koks
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Pille Taba
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexis Brice
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Eugenie Mutez
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Angela B Deutschländer
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Georges M Hadjigeorgiou
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Efthimos Dardiotis
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Athina Maria Simitsi
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simona Petrucci
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Letizia Straniero
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Zecchinelli
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Laura Brighina
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Grazia Annesi
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea Quattrone
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Monica Gagliardi
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lena F Burbulla
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Hirotaka Matsuo
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Yusuke Kawamura
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lukas Pavelka
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Bart P C van de Warrenburg
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jan Aasly
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mathias Toft
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Leonor Correia Guedes
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Soraya Bardien
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jonathan Carr
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Ezquerra
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Pau Pastor
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Caroline Ran
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andrea C Belin
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Puschmann
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Clara Hellberg
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Carl E Clarke
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karen E Morrison
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Matt J Farrer
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Kruger
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Gasser
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Manu Sharma
- From the Centre for Genetic Epidemiology (S.G., A.A.K.S., M.S.), Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (L. Pihlstrom, M.T.), Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Université Paris-Saclay (C.D., P.E.S., O.M., B.P., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, heredity, cancer and health," CESP, Villejuif, France; Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.S., K.B., T.G., M.S.), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (C.S., L.F.B., T.G.), Tübingen; Institute of Human Genetics (M.R.B., P.L.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) (Z.L., P.M., D.B., R.K.), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Molecular Genetics Section (C.E., D.G.H., C.B., A.B.S.,), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Group of Applied Bioinformatics (F.B., M.H., J.K.), University of Tübingen; High Performance and Cloud Computing Group ZDV (F.B., M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (G.D.M.), Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna; Department of Neurology (W.P.), Wilhelminenspital, Austria; Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences (M.T.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (E.R, A.L.), University of Toronto; Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.L.), Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Division of Neurology (A.L.), University of Toronto; Krembil Brain Institute (A.L.), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (S.K.), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (S.K.), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (P.T.), University of Tartu; Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital (P.T.), Estonia; Sorbonne Université (SU) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1127 (S.L., A.B., J.C.C.), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (J.C.C.), Department of Neurology, CIC Neurosciences, Paris, France; Univ. Lille (M.C.C.H., E.M.), Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Department of Neurology (A.B.D.), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Genomics (A.B.D.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (G.M.H.), Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology (G.M.H., E.D.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; Center of Clinical Research (L.S.), Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens; 1st Department of Neurology (L.S, A.M.S.), Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Molecular Medicine (E.M.V.), University of Pavia; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Mondino Foundation (E.M.V.), Pavia; UOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics (S.P.), S. Andrea University Hospital; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (S.P.), University of Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences-Humanitas University (L.S.); Humanitas Clinical and Research Center (L.S.), IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Italy; Parkinson Institute (A.Z., G.P.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milano, Italia; Department of Neurology (L.B., C.F.), San Gerardo Hospital, Milan; Center for Neuroscience (L.B., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca, Monza; Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (G.A., M.G.), National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza; Institute of Neurology (A.Q.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Neurology (L.F.B., D.K.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Metabolic Biochemistry (L.F.B.), Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (L.F.B.), Munich, Germany; Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine (H.M., Y.K.), National Defense Medical College, Saitama; Department of Neurology (N.H., K.N.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (S.J.C.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Department of Neurology (Y.J.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (L. Pavelka), University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg; Radboud University Medical Centre (B.P.C.v.d.W., B.R.B.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.A.), St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (L.C.G., J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (L.C.G.), Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte (CHULN); Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (J.J.F.), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics (S.B.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University; Division of Neurology (J.C.), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Parkinson's disease & Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service (E.T.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED: CB06/05/0018-ISCIII) Barcelona (E.T.), Spain; Lab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (M.E.), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia; Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa (P.P., M.D.F.); Movement Disorders Unit (P.P., M.D.F.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.W.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.W., N.L.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet (C.R., A.C.B.), Stockholm; Lund University (A.P., C.H.), Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund, Sweden; University of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust (C.E.C.); Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences (K.E.M.), Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (M.J.F.), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Parkinson Research Clinic (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg; Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) (R.K.), Strassen; and Neurology (R.K.), Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|