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Brouwers N, Van Cauwenberghe C, Engelborghs S, Lambert JC, Bettens K, Le Bastard N, Pasquier F, Montoya AG, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Cruts M, Amouyel P, Sleegers K, Van Broeckhoven C. Alzheimer risk associated with a copy number variation in the complement receptor 1 increasing C3b/C4b binding sites. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:223-33. [PMID: 21403675 PMCID: PMC3265835 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two multicentre genome-wide association (GWA) studies provided substantial evidence, implicating the complement receptor 1 gene (CR1) in Alzheimer disease (AD) genetic etiology. CR1 encodes a large transmembrane receptor with a crucial role in the immune complement cascade. We performed a genetic follow-up of the GWA CR1 association in a Flanders-Belgian cohort (n=1883), and investigated the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the CR1 locus on AD risk and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels. We obtained significant association (P(adj)<0.03; odds ratio (OR)=1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.51)) for one CR1 risk haplotype, and haplotype association was strongest in individuals carrying apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 alleles (P(adj)<0.006; OR=1.50 (95% CI: 1.08-2.09)). Also, four SNPs correlated with increased CSF amyloid Aβ₁₋₄₂ levels, suggesting a role for the CR1 protein in Aβ metabolism. Moreover, we quantified a low-copy repeat (LCR)-associated copy number variation (CNV) in CR1, producing different CR1 isoforms, CR1-F and CR1-S, and obtained significant association in carriers of CR1-S. We replicated the CR1 CNV association finding in a French cohort (n=2003) and calculated in the combined cohorts, an OR of 1.32; 95% CI: 1.10-1.59 (P=0.0025). Our data showed that the common AD risk association may well be explained by the presence of CR1-S increasing the number of C3b/C4b and cofactor activity sites and AD risk with 30% in CR1-S carriers. How precisely the different functional role of CR1-S in the immune complement cascade contributes to AD pathogenesis will need additional functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Brouwers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - C Van Cauwenberghe
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - S Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - J-C Lambert
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - K Bettens
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - N Le Bastard
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - F Pasquier
- Université de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,CHR&U de Lille, Lille, France
| | - A Gil Montoya
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - K Peeters
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Mattheijssens
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - R Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - P P De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium,Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - M Cruts
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - P Amouyel
- INSERM U744, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,Université de Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,CHR&U de Lille, Lille, France
| | - K Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - C Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerpen, Belgium,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp-CDE, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen, Belgium. E-mail:
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Gijselinck I, van der Zee J, Engelborghs S, Goossens D, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Corsmit E, Del-Favero J, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Cruts M. Progranulin locus deletion in frontotemporal dementia. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:53-8. [PMID: 18157829 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is caused by null mutations in progranulin (PGRN; HUGO gene symbol GRN), suggesting a haploinsufficiency mechanism. Since whole gene deletions also lead to the loss of a functional allele, we performed systematic quantitative analyses of PGRN in a series of 103 Belgian FTD patients. We identified in one patient (1%) a genomic deletion that was absent in 267 control individuals. The deleted segment was between 54 and 69 kb in length and comprised PGRN and two centromeric neighboring genes RPIP8 (HUGO gene symbol RUNDC3A) and SLC25A39. The patient presented clinically with typical FTD without additional symptoms, consistent with haploinsufficiency of PGRN being the only gene contributing to the disease phenotype. This study demonstrates that reduced PGRN in absence of mutant protein is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration and that previously reported PGRN mutation frequencies are underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gijselinck
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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