101
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Bissinger P, Braunschweig H, Kraft K, Kupfer T. Trapping the Elusive Parent Borylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4704-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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102
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Bissinger P, Braunschweig H, Kraft K, Kupfer T. Selektive Generierung und Abfangreaktion eines NHC-stabilisierten B-H-Borylens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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103
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Lavallo V, El-Batta A, Bertrand G, Grubbs RH. Insights into the carbene-initiated aggregation of [Fe(cot)(2)]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:268-71. [PMID: 21110365 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lavallo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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104
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Armstrong KM, Kilian P. Catalytic Synthesis of Triaryl Phosphates from White Phosphorus. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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105
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Petuškova J, Bruns H, Alcarazo M. Cyclopropenylylidene-Stabilized Diaryl and Dialkyl Phosphenium Cations: Applications in Homogeneous Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3799-802. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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106
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Petuškova J, Bruns H, Alcarazo M. Cyclopropenylyliden-stabilisierte Di(aryl/alkyl)phospheniumkationen: Anwendungen in der homogenen Gold-Katalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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107
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Köchner T, Riedel S, Lehner AJ, Scherer H, Raabe I, Engesser TA, Scholz FW, Gellrich U, Eiden P, Paz Schmidt RA, Plattner DA, Krossing I. The reaction of white phosphorus with NO+/NO2(+)[Al(OR(F))4]-: the [P4NO]+ cluster formed by an unexpected nitrosonium insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:8139-43. [PMID: 20865712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Köchner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 70104 Freiburg, Germany
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108
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Frey GD, Donnadieu B, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Synthesis of a room-temperature-stable dimeric copper(I) hydride. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:402-5. [PMID: 20945453 PMCID: PMC3117327 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido D Frey
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
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109
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Weber L. A different view of coordination chemistry: bis(carbene) adducts of (P[triple bond]N) and (P[triple bond]N)+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5829-30. [PMID: 20645376 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Weber
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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110
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Lavallo V, El‐Batta A, Bertrand G, Grubbs RH. Insights Into the Carbene‐Initiated Aggregation of [Fe(cot)
2
]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lavallo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261 (Saudi Arabia), Fax: (+1) 626‐564‐9297
| | - Amer El‐Batta
- Department of Chemistry and KAUST Center in Development, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261 (Saudi Arabia)
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCR‐CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957), Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521‐0403 (USA)
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261 (Saudi Arabia), Fax: (+1) 626‐564‐9297
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111
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Melaimi M, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Stable cyclic carbenes and related species beyond diaminocarbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8810-49. [PMID: 20836099 PMCID: PMC3130005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 912] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The success of homogeneous catalysis can be attributed largely to the development of a diverse range of ligand frameworks that have been used to tune the behavior of various systems. Spectacular results in this area have been achieved using cyclic diaminocarbenes (NHCs) as a result of their strong σ-donor properties. Although it is possible to cursorily tune the structure of NHCs, any diversity is still far from matching their phosphorus-based counterparts, which is one of the great strengths of the latter. A variety of stable acyclic carbenes are known, but they are either reluctant to bind metals or they give rise to fragile metal complexes. During the last five years, new types of stable cyclic carbenes, as well as related carbon-based ligands (which are not NHCs), and which feature even stronger σ-donor properties have been developed. Their synthesis and characterization as well as the stability, electronic properties, coordination behavior, and catalytic activity of the ensuing complexes are discussed, and comparisons with their NHC cousins are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Melaimi
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957), Departement of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA
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112
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113
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114
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Frey GD, Masuda JD, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Activation of SiH, BH, and PH Bonds at a Single Nonmetal Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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115
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Frey GD, Masuda JD, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Activation of SiH, BH, and PH Bonds at a Single Nonmetal Center. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9444-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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116
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Abdellah I, Lepetit C, Canac Y, Duhayon C, Chauvin R. Imidazoliophosphines are True N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Phosphenium Adducts. Chemistry 2010; 16:13095-108. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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117
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Köchner T, Riedel S, Lehner AJ, Scherer H, Raabe I, Engesser TA, Scholz FW, Gellrich U, Eiden P, Paz Schmidt RA, Plattner DA, Krossing I. Die Reaktion des weißen Phosphors mit NO+/NO2+[Al(ORF)4]−: Bildung von [P4NO]+ durch eine unerwartete Nitrosonium-Insertion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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118
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Demange M, Le Goff XF, Le Floch P, Mézailles N. P4 Activation with Pt0 Metal Centers: Selective Formation of a Dinuclear {Pt2(μ,η2:2-P2)} Complex. Chemistry 2010; 16:12064-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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119
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Melaimi M, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Stabile cyclische Carbene und verwandte Spezies jenseits der Diaminocarbene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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120
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Tofan D, Cummins CC. Photochemical Incorporation of Diphosphorus Units into Organic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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121
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Tofan D, Cummins CC. Photochemical Incorporation of Diphosphorus Units into Organic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:7516-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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122
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Dielmann F, Sierka M, Virovets A, Scheer M. Access to Extended Polyphosphorus Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6860-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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123
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Weber L. Koordinationschemie einmal anders: Bis(carben)-Addukte von (P≡N) und (P≡N)+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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124
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Kinjo R, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Isolation of a Carbene-Stabilized Phosphorus Mononitride and Its Radical Cation (PN+.). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5930-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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125
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Kinjo R, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Isolation of a Carbene-Stabilized Phosphorus Mononitride and Its Radical Cation (PN+.). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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126
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Ghadwal RS, Roesky HW, Granitzka M, Stalke D. A Facile Route to Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) with NHC Base-Stabilized Dichlorosilylene. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10018-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Granitzka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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127
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Jansen H, Läng F, Slootweg J, Ehlers A, Lutz M, Lammertsma K, Grützmacher H. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Stabilized Phosphiranylium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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128
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Jansen H, Läng F, Slootweg J, Ehlers A, Lutz M, Lammertsma K, Grützmacher H. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Stabilized Phosphiranylium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5485-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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129
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Bruns H, Patil M, Carreras J, Vázquez A, Thiel W, Goddard R, Alcarazo M. Synthesis and Coordination Properties of Nitrogen(I)-Based Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:3680-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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130
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Bruns H, Patil M, Carreras J, Vázquez A, Thiel W, Goddard R, Alcarazo M. Synthese und Koordinationseigenschaften von Stickstoff(I)- Liganden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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131
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Yao S, Xiong Y, Milsmann C, Bill E, Pfirrmann S, Limberg C, Driess M. Reversible P(4) activation with nickel(I) and an eta(3)-coordinated tetraphosphorus ligand between two Ni(I) centers. Chemistry 2010; 16:436-9. [PMID: 19937871 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Yao
- Institute of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Sekr. C2, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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132
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Abraham MY, Wang Y, Xie Y, Wei P, Schaefer HF, Schleyer PVR, Robinson GH. Carbene stabilization of diarsenic: from hypervalency to allotropy. Chemistry 2010; 16:432-5. [PMID: 19937872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariham Y Abraham
- Department of Chemistry and The Center for Computational Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2556, USA
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133
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Cossairt B, Cummins C. Shuttling P3 from Niobium to Rhodium: The Synthesis and Use of Ph3SnP3(C6H8) as a P3− Synthon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1595-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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134
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Cossairt B, Cummins C. Shuttling P3 from Niobium to Rhodium: The Synthesis and Use of Ph3SnP3(C6H8) as a P3− Synthon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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135
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Bates J, Kennepohl P, Gates D. Abnormal Reactivity of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) with a Phosphaalkene: A Route to a 4-Phosphino-Substituted NHC. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9844-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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136
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Bates J, Kennepohl P, Gates D. Abnormal Reactivity of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) with a Phosphaalkene: A Route to a 4-Phosphino-Substituted NHC. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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137
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Geier S, Dureen M, Ouyang E, Stephan D. New Strategies to Phosphino-Phosphonium Cations and Zwitterions. Chemistry 2009; 16:988-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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138
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Moser C, Belaj F, Pietschnig R. Diphospha[2]ferrocenophane (alias 1,4-Dihydrotetraphosphaneoxide): Stereoselective Formation via Hydrolytic PP Bond Formation. Chemistry 2009; 15:12589-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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139
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Sidiropoulos A, Jones C, Stasch A, Klein S, Frenking G. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digermanium(0). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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140
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Sidiropoulos A, Jones C, Stasch A, Klein S, Frenking G. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digermanium(0). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9701-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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141
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Kuchenbeiser G, Soleilhavoup M, Donnadieu B, Bertrand G. Reactivity of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) and bis(amino)cyclopropenylidenes (BACs) with heteroallenes: comparisons with their N-heterocyclic carbene (NHCs) counterparts. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1745-50. [PMID: 19780080 PMCID: PMC2869243 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Similarly to NHCs, CAAC(a) and BAC(a) react with CO2 to give the corresponding betaines. Based on the carbonyl stretching frequencies of cis-[RhCl(CO)2(L)] complexes, the order of electron donor ability was predicted to be CAAC(a) approximately BAC(a)>NHCs. When the betaines nu(asym)(CO2) values are used, the apparent ordering is BAC(a)>NHCs approximately CAAC(a) that indicates a limitation for the use of IR spectroscopy in the ranking of ligand sigma-donating ability. Although all carbenes react with carbon disulfide to give the corresponding betaines, a second equivalent of CS2 reacts with the BAC-CS2 leading to a bicyclic thieno[2,3-diamino]-1,3-dithiole-2-thione, which results from a novel ring expansion process. Surprisingly, in contrast to NHCs, CAAC(a) does not react with carbodiimide, whereas BAC(a) exclusively gives a ring expanded product, analogous to that obtained with CS2. The intermediate amidinate can be trapped, using the lithium tetrafluoroborate adduct of BAC(b) as a carbene surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Kuchenbeiser
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957) Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, CA 92521-0403 (USA)
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957) Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, CA 92521-0403 (USA)
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957) Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, CA 92521-0403 (USA)
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCR-CNRS Joint Research Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 2957) Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, CA 92521-0403 (USA)
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