101
|
Polyethylene glycol-induced growth of LiFePO4 platelets with preferentially exposed (010) plane as a cathode material for lithium ion battery. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
102
|
Wang X, Sun P, Qin J, Wang J, Xiao Y, Cao M. A three-dimensional porous MoP@C hybrid as a high-capacity, long-cycle life anode material for lithium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10330-10338. [PMID: 27136974 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01774f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal phosphides are great promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with a high gravimetric capacity. However, significant challenges such as low capacity, fast capacity fading and poor cycle stability must be addressed for their practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate a versatile strategy for the synthesis of a novel three-dimensional porous molybdenum phosphide@carbon hybrid (3D porous MoP@C hybrid) by a template sol-gel method followed by an annealing treatment. The resultant hybrid exhibits a 3D interconnected ordered porous structure with a relatively high surface area. Benefiting from its advantages of microstructure and composition, the 3D porous MoP@C hybrid displays excellent lithium storage performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries in terms of specific capacity, cycling stability and long-cycle life. It presents stable cycling performance with a high reversible capacity up to 1028 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 100 mA g(-1) after 100 cycles. By ex situ XRD, HRTEM, SAED and XPS analyses, the 3D porous MoP@C hybrid was found to follow the Li-intercalation reaction mechanism (MoP + xLi(+) + e(-)↔ LixMoP), which was further confirmed by ab initio calculations based on density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Li4Ti5O12/Ketjen Black with open conductive frameworks for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
104
|
Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li X, Xu H, Wang Y. LiFePO4 nanoparticles enveloped in freestanding sandwich-like graphitized carbon sheets as enhanced remarkable lithium-ion battery cathode. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:155401. [PMID: 26934516 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/15/155401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanostructure where LiFePO4 nanoparticles are enveloped in sandwich-like carbon sheets as an enhanced cathode in lithium-ion batteries has successfully been synthesized for the first time. Compared to previous carbon-based nanocomposites, the achieved sandwich-like LiFePO4 nanocomposites exhibit totally different architecture, in which LiFePO4 nanoparticles are tightly entrapped between two carbon layers, instead of being anchored on the carbon sheet surfaces. In other words, the achieved sandwich-like LiFePO4 nanocomposite carbon layers are actually freestanding and can be operated and separated from each other. This is a great breakthrough in the design and synthesis of carbon-based functional materials. The obtained sandwich-like LiFePO4 nanocomposites present excellent electrochemical performance, which is rationally ascribed to the superb and unique structure and architecture. Of particular note is that the freestanding sandwich-like LiFePO4 nanocomposites exhibit enhanced cyclability and rate capability. At a high current density of 0.1 A g(-1), a stable specific capacity of approximately 168.5 mAh g(-1) can be delivered over 1000 cycles, and when the charge-discharge rates increase to 0.6, 2, 5 and 10 A g(-1), the specific capacities still survive at 149, 129, 114 and 91 mAh g(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, the sandwiched nanocomposite demonstrates a significantly improved low-temperature electrochemical energy storage performance. With respect to the excellent Li storage performance, and facility and reliability of production, the freestanding sandwich-like LiFePO4 nanocomposites are reasonably believed to have a great potential for multiple electrochemical energy storage applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
105
|
Ali G, Lee JH, Oh SH, Cho BW, Nam KW, Chung KY. Investigation of the Na Intercalation Mechanism into Nanosized V2O5/C Composite Cathode Material for Na-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:6032-9. [PMID: 26889957 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant interest to develop high-performance and cost-effective electrode materials for next-generation sodium ion batteries. Herein, we report a facile synthesis method for nanosized V2O5/C composite cathodes and their electrochemical performance as well as energy storage mechanism. The composite exhibits a discharge capacity of 255 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 0.05 C, which surpasses that of previously reported layered oxide materials. Furthermore, the electrode shows good rate capability; discharge capacity of 160 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 1 C. The reaction mechanism of V2O5 upon sodium insertion/extraction is investigated using ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Ex situ XRD result of the fully discharged state reveals the appearance of NaV2O5 as a major phase with minor Na2V2O5 phase. Upon insertion of sodium into the array of parallel ladders of V2O5, it was confirmed that lattice parameter of c is increased by 9.09%, corresponding to the increase in the unit-cell volume of 9.2%. NEXAFS results suggest that the charge compensation during de/sodiation process accompanied by the reversible changes in the oxidation state of vanadium (V(4+) ↔ V(5+)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Ali
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyoung Oh
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Won Cho
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Nam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul , Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yoon Chung
- Center for Energy Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology , 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Selection of Carbon Sources for Enhancing 3D Conductivity in the Secondary Structure of LiFePO4/C Cathode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
107
|
Kim M, Lee S, Kang B. Fast-Rate Capable Electrode Material with Higher Energy Density than LiFePO 4: 4.2V LiVPO 4F Synthesized by Scalable Single-Step Solid-State Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1500366. [PMID: 27774395 PMCID: PMC5064735 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Use of compounds that contain fluorine (F) as electrode materials in lithium ion batteries has been considered, but synthesizing single-phase samples of these compounds is a difficult task. Here, it is demonstrated that a simple scalable single-step solid-state process with additional fluorine source can obtain highly pure LiVPO4F. The resulting material with submicron particles achieves very high rate capability ≈100 mAh g-1 at 60 C-rate (1-min discharge) and even at 200 C-rate (18 s discharge). It retains superior capacity, ≈120 mAh g-1 at 10 C charge/10 C discharge rate (6-min) for 500 cycles with >95% retention efficiency. Furthermore, LiVPO4F shows low polarization even at high rates leading to higher operating potential >3.45 V (≈3.6 V at 60 C-rate), so it achieves high energy density. It is demonstrated for the first time that highly pure LiVPO4F can achieve high power capability comparable to LiFePO4 and much higher energy density (≈521 Wh g-1 at 20 C-rate) than LiFePO4 even without nanostructured particles. LiVPO4F can be a real substitute of LiFePO4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsu Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute P.O. Box 105 Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungwoo Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang 790-784 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Porous Double-shelled SnO 2 @ C Hollow Spheres as High-Performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
109
|
Jiang B, Han C, Li B, He Y, Lin Z. In-Situ Crafting of ZnFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles Impregnated within Continuous Carbon Network as Advanced Anode Materials. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2728-35. [PMID: 26786214 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to create a synergistic effect of nanostructure engineering and its hybridization with conductive carbonaceous material is highly desirable for attaining high-performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we judiciously crafted ZnFe2O4/carbon nanocomposites composed of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with an average size of 16 ± 5 nm encapsulated within the continuous carbon network as anode materials for LIBs. Such intriguing nanocomposites were yielded in situ via the pyrolysis-induced carbonization of polystyrene@poly(acrylic acid) (PS@PAA) core@shell nanospheres in conjunction with the formation of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles through the thermal decomposition of ZnFe2O4 precursors incorporated within the PS@PAA nanospheres. By systematically varying the ZnFe2O4 content in the ZnFe2O4/carbon nanocomposites, the nanocomposite containing 79.3 wt % ZnFe2O4 was found to exhibit an excellent rate performance with high capacities of 1238, 1198, 1136, 1052, 926, and 521 mAh g(-1) at specific currents of 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mA g(-1), respectively. Moreover, cycling performance of the ZnFe2O4/carbon nanocomposite with 79.3 wt % ZnFe2O4 at specific currents of 200 mA g(-1) delivered an outstanding prolonged cycling stability for several hundred cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Cuiping Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yanjie He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Wang C, Fang D, Wang H, Cao Y, Xu W, Liu X, Luo Z, Li G, Jiang M, Xiong C. Uniform Nickel Vanadate (Ni3V2O8) Nanowire Arrays Organized by Ultrathin Nanosheets with Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20826. [PMID: 26860692 PMCID: PMC4748403 DOI: 10.1038/srep20826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of three-dimensional nano-architectures on current collectors has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing rate capability and cycling stability of the electrodes. Herein, a novel type of Ni3V2O8 nanowires, organized by ultrathin hierarchical nanosheets (less than 5 nm) on Ti foil, has been obtained by a two-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Studies on structural and thermal properties of the as-prepared Ni3V2O8 nanowire arrays are carried out and their morphology has changed obviously in the following heat treatment at 300 and 500 °C. As an electrode material for lithium ion batteries, the unique configuration of Ni3V2O8 nanowires presents enhanced capacitance, satisfying rate capability and good cycling stability. The reversible capacity of the as-prepared Ni3V2O8 nanowire arrays reaches 969.72 mAh·g−1 with a coulombic efficiency over 99% at 500 mA·g−1 after 500 cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Key Lab of Green Processing and Functional Textils of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Key Lab of Green Processing and Functional Textils of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong'en Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- Key Lab of Green Processing and Functional Textils of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Key Lab of Green Processing and Functional Textils of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiping Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Guangzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Porous Metal Material, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Lab of Green Processing and Functional Textils of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanxi Xiong
- Key Lab of Green Processing and Functional Textils of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430070, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Bai N, Xiang K, Zhou W, Lu H, Zhao X, Chen H. LiFePO4/carbon nanowires with 3D nano-network structure as potential high performance cathode for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
112
|
Tang H, Zhou Y, Zan L, Zhao N, Tang Z. Long cycle life of carbon coated lithium zinc titanate using copper as conductive additive for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
113
|
Peng L, Zhang H, Fang L, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Novel peapoded Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles for high-rate and ultralong-life rechargeable lithium ion batteries at room and lower temperatures. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2030-2040. [PMID: 26699079 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08399k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel peapod-like Li4Ti5O12-C composite architecture with high conductivity is firstly designed and synthesized to be used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In the synthesis, Na2Ti3O7 nanotubes act as precursors and sacrificial templates, and glucose molecules serve as the green carbon source, thus the peapod-like Li4Ti5O12-C composite can be fabricated by a facile hydrothermal reaction and the subsequent solid-state process. Compared to the previous reports, the as-prepared samples obtained by our new strategy exhibit excellent electrochemical performances, such as outstanding rate capability (an extremely reversible capability of 148 mA h g(-1), 125 mA h g(-1) at 30 C and 90 C, respectively) as well as excellent cycling performance (about 5% capacity loss after 5000 cycles at 10 C with 152 mA h g(-1) capacity retained). The low-temperature measurements also demonstrate that the electrochemical performances of the peapod-like Li4Ti5O12-C composite are remarkably improved at various rate currents (at the low-temperature of -25 °C, a high Coulombic efficiency of about 99% can be achieved after 500 cycles at 10 C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Ling Fang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Zhang Y, Zhang HJ, Feng YY, Fang L, Wang Y. Ultralong Lifespan and Ultrafast Li Storage: Single-Crystal LiFePO4 Nanomeshes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:516-523. [PMID: 26643716 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel LiFePO4 material, in the shape of a nanomesh, has been rationally designed and synthesized based on the low crystal-mismatch strategy. The LiFePO4 nanomesh possesses several advantages in morphology and crystal structure, including a mesoporous structure, its crystal orientation that is along the [010] direction, and a shortened Li-ion diffusion path. These properties are favorable for their application as cathode in Li-ion batteries, as these will accelerate the Li-ion diffusion rate, improve the Li-ion exchange between the LiFePO4 nanomesh and the electrolyte, and reduce the Li-ion capacitive behavior during Li intercalation. So the LiFePO4 nanomesh exhibits a high specific capacity, enhanced rate capability, and strengthened cyclability. The method developed here can also be extended to other similar systems, for instance, LiMnPO4 , LiCoPO4 , and LiNiPO4 , and may find more applications in the designed synthesis of functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Hui Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing City, 400044, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Zeng L, Huang X, Chen X, Zheng C, Qian Q, Chen Q, Wei M. Ge/GeO2-Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nanocomposite for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries with a Long-Term Cycling Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:232-239. [PMID: 26651359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Germanium-based nanostructures are receiving intense interest in lithium-ion batteries because they have ultrahigh lithium ion storage ability. However, the Germanium-based anodes undergo the considerably large volume change during the charge/discharge processes, leading to a fast capacity fade. In the present work, a Ge/GeO2-ordered mesoporous carbon (Ge/GeO2-OMC) nanocomposite was successfully fabricated via a facile nanocasting route by using mesoporous carbon as a nanoreactor, and was then used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. Benefited from its unique three-dimensional "meso-nano" structure, the Ge/GeO2-OMC nanocomposite exhibited large reversible capacity, excellent long-time cycling stability and high rate performance. For instance, a large reversible capacity of 1018 mA h g(-1) was obtained after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g(-1), which might be attributed to the unique structure of the Ge/GeO2-OMC nanocomposite. In addition, a reversible capacity of 492 mA h g(-1) can be retained when cycled to 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxing Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qingrong Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, College of Environment Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse , Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Mingdeng Wei
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Chen R, Lai J, Li Y, Cao M, Chen S, Wu F. β-Cyclodextrin coated lithium vanadium phosphate as novel cathode material for lithium ion batteries. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22400h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new carbon source, β-cyclodextrin was used to synthesize a Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material for LIB via a rheological phase method. The sample showed high capacity, good rate performance and cycle stability, and low resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jingning Lai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Meiling Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Shi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Jin Y, Tang X, Wang H. Solvothermal synthesis and self-assembling mechanism of micro-nano spherical LiFePO4 with high tap density. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13907h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-defined three-dimensional porous LiFePO4 microspheres composed of nanosheets with a high tap density of 1.4 g cm−3 were successfully synthesized by a simple one-step solvothermal method and their growth mechanism was also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410000
- China
| | - Xincun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410000
- China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410000
- China
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Shi C, Xia Q, Xue X, Liu Q, Liu HJ. Synthesis of cobalt-based layered coordination polymer nanosheets and their application in lithium-ion batteries as anode materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered cobalt-based coordination polymer ([Co(tfbdc) (4,4′-bpy)(H2O)2], Co-LCP) nanosheets have been synthesized, which show an excellent performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changdong Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Xia
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Xue
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology
- Changzhou University
- Changzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Mateti S, Rahman MM, Li LH, Cai Q, Chen Y. In situ prepared V2O5/graphene hybrid as a superior cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing synthetic methods for graphene based cathode materials, with low cost and in an environmentally friendly way, is necessary for industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Australia
| | - Qiran Cai
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Australia
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Naik A, P. SC. Microwave synthesis of molybdenum doped LiFePO4/C and its electrochemical studies. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8021-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Mo-doped LiFePO4composite was prepared successfully from an iron carbonyl complex by adopting a facile and rapid microwave assisted solid state method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amol Naik
- Lead - Chemistry R and D VerdeEn Chemicals Pvt. Ltd
- D-11
- UPSIDC Industrial Area
- India-201015
| | - Sajan C. P.
- Department of Studies in Environmental Science
- University of Mysore
- Mysore-6
- India
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Liao L, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhuang J, Zhou Y, Chen S. Catalytic aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-diformylfuran over VO2+and Cu2+immobilized on amino-functionalized core–shell magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17932k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino modified Fe3O4@SiO2(Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2) was used to immobilize Cu2+and VO2+for preparing Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2–Cu2+and Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2–VO2+catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Zengyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Junping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yanbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Size Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Kang KM, Kim HW, Kwak HY. Characteristics of LiFePO4/C composite prepared by sonochemical method under multibubble sonoluminescence. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-015-0178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
123
|
Fan CL, Zhang WH, Zeng TT, Li LF, Zhang X, Han SC. Structure and Performances of xLiFePO 4/C·(1 − x)Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3/C Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Using Poly(vinyl alcohol) as Carbon Source. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-ling Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Spray Deposition Technology and Application; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Wei-hua Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Tao-tao Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Ling-fang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| | - Shao-chang Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Spray Deposition Technology and Application; Hunan University; Changsha 410082 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Metal tetrabromophthalocyanines mediate the structure and electrochemical performance of lithium iron phosphate as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
125
|
Direct view on the phase evolution in individual LiFePO4 nanoparticles during Li-ion battery cycling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8333. [PMID: 26395323 PMCID: PMC4597332 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase transitions in Li-ion electrode materials during (dis)charge are decisive for battery performance, limiting high-rate capabilities and playing a crucial role in the cycle life of Li-ion batteries. However, the difficulty to probe the phase nucleation and growth in individual grains is hindering fundamental understanding and progress. Here we use synchrotron microbeam diffraction to disclose the cycling rate-dependent phase transition mechanism within individual particles of LiFePO4, a key Li-ion electrode material. At low (dis)charge rates well-defined nanometer thin plate-shaped domains co-exist and transform much slower and concurrent as compared with the commonly assumed mosaic transformation mechanism. As the (dis)charge rate increases phase boundaries become diffuse speeding up the transformation rates of individual grains. Direct observation of the transformation of individual grains reveals that local current densities significantly differ from what has previously been assumed, giving new insights in the working of Li-ion battery electrodes and their potential improvements. Understanding phase transitions in electrodes under realistic conditions is important for future battery design. Here, the authors use synchrotron micro-beam diffraction to reveal the phase transition mechanism within individual particles of LiFePO4, revealing a cycling rate transformation mechanism.
Collapse
|
126
|
Hong Y, Tang Z, Zhang Z. Enhanced electrochemical properties of LiMnPO4/C composites by tailoring polydopamine-derived carbon coating. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
127
|
Liu Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Hu Y, Zhu M, Jin H, Li W. Nano-sized LiFePO4/C composite with core-shell structure as cathode material for lithium ion battery. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
128
|
Jiao L, Li X, Ren L, Kong L, Hong Y, Li Z, Huang X, Tao X. 3D structural properties study on compact LiFePO4s based on X-ray computed tomography technique. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
129
|
Zhen M, Zhu X, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Liu L. Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported TiO2Fiber Bundles with Mesostructures as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Chemistry 2015; 21:14454-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
130
|
Kretschmer K, Sun B, Su D, Zhao Y, Wang G. Scalable Preparation of LiFePO4/C Nanocomposites with sp2-Coordinated Carbon Coating as High-Performance Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kretschmer
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Bing Sun
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Dawei Su
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Guoxiu Wang
- Centre for Clean Energy Technology, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Guo L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ma L, Ma S, Zhang Y, Wang E, Bi Y, Wang D, McKee WC, Xu Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Nan C, Gu L, Bruce PG, Peng Z. Unlocking the energy capabilities of micron-sized LiFePO4. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7898. [PMID: 26235395 PMCID: PMC4532849 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of LiFePO4 as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries often requires size nanonization coupled with calcination-based carbon coating to improve its electrochemical performance, which, however, is usually at the expense of tap density and may be environmentally problematic. Here we report the utilization of micron-sized LiFePO4, which has a higher tap density than its nano-sized siblings, by forming a conducting polymer coating on its surface with a greener diazonium chemistry. Specifically, micron-sized LiFePO4 particles have been uniformly coated with a thin polyphenylene film via the spontaneous reaction between LiFePO4 and an aromatic diazonium salt of benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate. The coated micron-sized LiFePO4, compared with its pristine counterpart, has shown improved electrical conductivity, high rate capability and excellent cyclability when used as a 'carbon additive free' cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. The bonding mechanism of polyphenylene to LiFePO4/FePO4 has been understood with density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yelong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Lipo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Shunchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of science, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of science, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - William C. McKee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jitao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Cewen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 China
| | - Peter G. Bruce
- Departments of Materials and Chemistry, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Controllable synthesis of nano-sized LiFePO 4 /C via a high shear mixer facilitated hydrothermal method for high rate Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
133
|
Liu T, Xia Q, Lu W, Xu J, Wu X. A novel method of preparing LiMPO4-C nano particles with organic P source. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
134
|
Ling M, Qiu J, Li S, Yan C, Kiefel MJ, Liu G, Zhang S. Multifunctional SA-PProDOT Binder for Lithium Ion Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4440-4447. [PMID: 26061529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally benign, highly conductive, and mechanically strong binder system can overcome the dilemma of low conductivity and insufficient mechanical stability of the electrodes to achieve high performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs) at a low cost and in a sustainable way. In this work, the naturally occurring binder sodium alginate (SA) is functionalized with 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (ProDOT) via a one-step esterification reaction in a cyclohexane/dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA)/water microemulsion system, resulting in a multifunctional polymer binder, that is, SA-PProDOT. With the synergetic effects of the functional groups (e.g., carboxyl, hydroxyl, and ester groups), the resultant SA-PProDOT polymer not only maintains the outstanding binding capabilities of sodium alginate but also enhances the mechanical integrity and lithium ion diffusion coefficient in the LiFePO4 (LFP) electrode during the operation of the batteries. Because of the conjugated network of the PProDOT and the lithium doping under the battery environment, the SA-PProDOT becomes conductive and matches the conductivity needed for LiFePO4 LIBs. Without the need of conductive additives such as carbon black, the resultant batteries have achieved the theoretical specific capacity of LiFePO4 cathode (ca. 170 mAh/g) at C/10 and ca. 120 mAh/g at 1C for more than 400 cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ling
- †Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
- ∥Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingxia Qiu
- †Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- †Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Cheng Yan
- ‡School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Milton J Kiefel
- §Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Gao Liu
- ∥Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shanqing Zhang
- †Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Liu G, Yin LC, Pan J, Li F, Wen L, Zhen C, Cheng HM. Greatly Enhanced Electronic Conduction and Lithium Storage of Faceted TiO₂ Crystals Supported on Metallic Substrates by Tuning Crystallographic Orientation of TiO₂. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3507-3512. [PMID: 25939878 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electronic conduction along the [001] direction of a faceted anatase TiO2 particle in contact with two tungsten probes is found to be an order of magnitude higher than that along the [010] direction due to a smaller potential barrier of the TiO2 (001)-tungsten interface for electron transport than the TiO2 (010)-tungsten interface. This finding could guide the design of TiO2 -based electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Li-Chang Yin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Feng Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chao Zhen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Tian R, Liu H, Jiang Y, Chen J, Tan X, Liu G, Zhang L, Gu X, Guo Y, Wang H, Sun L, Chu W. Drastically Enhanced High-Rate Performance of Carbon-Coated LiFePO4 Nanorods Using a Green Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method for Lithium Ion Battery: A Selective Carbon Coating Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11377-11386. [PMID: 25970716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of LiFePO4 (LFP) to large current power supplies is greatly hindered by its poor electrical conductivity (10(-9) S cm(-1)) and sluggish Li+ transport. Carbon coating is considered to be necessary for improving its interparticle electronic conductivity and thus electrochemical performance. Here, we proposed a novel, green, low cost and controllable CVD approach using solid glucose as carbon source which can be extended to most cathode and anode materials in need of carbon coating. Hydrothermally synthesized LFP nanorods with optimized thickness of carbon coated by this recipe are shown to have superb high-rate performance, high energy, and power densities, as well as long high-rate cycle lifetime. For 200 C (18s) charge and discharge, the discharge capacity and voltage are 89.69 mAh g(-1) and 3.030 V, respectively, and the energy and power densities are 271.80 Wh kg(-1) and 54.36 kW kg(-1), respectively. The capacity retention of 93.0%, and the energy and power density retention of 93.6% after 500 cycles at 100 C were achieved. Compared to the conventional carbon coating through direct mixing with glucose (or other organic substances) followed by annealing (DMGA), the carbon phase coated using this CVD recipe is of higher quality and better uniformity. Undoubtedly, this approach enhances significantly the electrochemical performance of high power LFP and thus broadens greatly the prospect of its applications to large current power supplies such as electric and hybrid electric vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Tian
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiankun Chen
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Tan
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- §China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- ‡Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- ‡Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanfu Wang
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lianfeng Sun
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Chu
- †National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Preparation and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C microspheres by a facile and novel co-precipitation. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
138
|
Chen M, Shao LL, Yang HB, Ren TZ, Du G, Yuan ZY. Vanadium-doping of LiFePO4/carbon composite cathode materials synthesized with organophosphorus source. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
139
|
Örnek A, Efe O. Doping Qualifications of LiFe1Mg PO4-C Nano-scale Composite Cathode Materials. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
140
|
Organophosphonic acid as precursor to prepare LiFePO4/carbon nanocomposites for high-power lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
141
|
Mo R, Tung SO, Lei Z, Zhao G, Sun K, Kotov NA. Pushing the Limits: 3D Layer-by-Layer-Assembled Composites for Cathodes with 160 C Discharge Rates. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5009-17. [PMID: 25910177 DOI: 10.1021/nn507186k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Deficiencies of cathode materials severely limit cycling performance and discharge rates of Li batteries. The key problem is that cathode materials must combine multiple properties: high lithium ion intercalation capacity, electrical/ionic conductivity, porosity, and mechanical toughness. Some materials revealed promising characteristics in a subset of these properties, but attaining the entire set of often contrarian characteristics requires new methods of materials engineering. In this paper, we report high surface area 3D composite from reduced graphene oxide loaded with LiFePO4 (LFP) nanoparticles made by layer-by-layer assembly (LBL). High electrical conductivity of the LBL composite is combined with high ionic conductivity, toughness, and low impedance. As a result of such materials properties, reversible lithium storage capacity and Coulombic efficiency were as high as 148 mA h g(-1) and 99%, respectively, after 100 cycles at 1 C. Moreover, these composites enabled unusually high reversible charge-discharge rates up to 160 C with a storage capacity of 56 mA h g(-1), exceeding those of known LFP-based cathodes, some of them by several times while retaining high content of active cathode material. The study demonstrates that LBL-assembled composites enable resolution of difficult materials engineering tasks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runwei Mo
- †Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Siu On Tung
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhengyu Lei
- †Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- †Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kening Sun
- †Academy of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Wang B, Liu A, Abdulla WA, Wang D, Zhao XS. Desired crystal oriented LiFePO4 nanoplatelets in situ anchored on a graphene cross-linked conductive network for fast lithium storage. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8819-8828. [PMID: 25908535 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01831e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer and lithium ion diffusion rates are the key factors limiting the lithium ion storage in anisotropic LiFePO4 electrodes. In this work, we employed a facile solvothermal method to synthesize a "platelet-on-sheet" LiFePO4/graphene composite (LFP@GNs), which is LiFePO4 nanoplatelets in situ grown on graphene sheets with highly oriented (010) facets of LiFePO4 crystals. Such a two-phase contact mode with graphene sheets cross-linked to form a three-dimensional porous network is favourable for both fast lithium ion and electron transports. As a result, the designed LFP@GNs displayed a high rate capability (∼56 mA h g(-1) at 60 C) and long life cycling stability (∼87% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 10 C). For comparison purposes, samples ex situ modified with graphene (LFP/GNs) as well as pure LiFePO4 platelets (LFP) were also prepared and investigated. More importantly, the obtained LFP@GNs can be used as a basic unit for constructing more complex structures to further improve electrochemical performance, such as coating the exposed LFP surface with a thin layer of carbon to build a C@LFP@GN composite to further enhance its cycling stability (∼98% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 10 C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xidazhi Street, 150001 Harbin, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Guo S, Liu P, Yu H, Zhu Y, Chen M, Ishida M, Zhou H. A Layered P2- and O3-Type Composite as a High-Energy Cathode for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
144
|
Liu J, Xiao B, Banis MN, Li R, Sham TK, Sun X. Atomic layer deposition of amorphous iron phosphates on carbon nanotubes as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
145
|
Gu L, Xiao D, Hu YS, Li H, Ikuhara Y. Atomic-scale structure evolution in a quasi-equilibrated electrochemical process of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2134-2149. [PMID: 25677246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries have proven to be extremely attractive candidates for applications in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and smart grid in terms of energy density, power density, and service life. Further performance optimization to satisfy ever-increasing demands on energy storage of such applications is highly desired. In most of cases, the kinetics and stability of electrode materials are strongly correlated to the transport and storage behaviors of lithium ions in the lattice of the host. Therefore, information about structural evolution of electrode materials at an atomic scale is always helpful to explain the electrochemical performances of batteries at a macroscale. The annular-bright-field (ABF) imaging in aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows simultaneous imaging of light and heavy elements, providing an unprecedented opportunity to probe the nearly equilibrated local structure of electrode materials after electrochemical cycling at atomic resolution. Recent progress toward unraveling the atomic-scale structure of selected electrode materials with different charge and/or discharge state to extend the current understanding of electrochemical reaction mechanism with the ABF and high angle annular dark field STEM imaging is presented here. Future research on the relationship between atomic-level structure evolution and microscopic reaction mechanisms of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries is envisaged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed, Matter Physics, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
A Layered P2- and O3-Type Composite as a High-Energy Cathode for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5894-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
147
|
Xu D, He YB, Chu X, Ding Z, Li B, He J, Du H, Qin X, Kang F. Synthesis of lithium iron phosphate/carbon microspheres by using polyacrylic acid coated iron phosphate nanoparticles derived from iron(III) acrylate. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:1009-1016. [PMID: 25469674 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201403060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lithium iron phosphate/carbon (LiFePO4 /C) microspheres with high rate and cycling performance are synthesized from iron phosphate/polyacrylic acid (FePO4 /PAA) nanoparticles. Iron(III) acrylate is used as a precursor for both the iron and carbon sources. FePO4 nanoparticles are first produced by a coprecipitation reaction. The byproduct, acrylic acid ions, is polymerized in situ to form a uniform PAA layer on the surface of the FePO4 nanoparticles. The as-prepared LiFePO4 /C microspheres are composed of primary nanoparticles with sizes of 40-50 nm. The nanoparticles are fully coated with a thin, uniform carbon layer derived from the decomposition of the PAA layer. The uniform carbon-coating layer cooperates with interstitial and boundary carbon derived from sucrose successfully to construct an excellent interconnecting conductive network in the microspheres. As a result of the unique structure, the as-prepared LiFePO4 /C microspheres display both high electronic and ionic conductivities, which contribute to their high rate performance (162.9 mAh g(-1) at 0.1C and 126.1 mAh g(-1) at 5C) and excellent cycling stability (97.1% of capacity retention after 500 cycles at 5C/5C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Xu
- Engineering Laboratory for the Next Generation Power and Energy Storage Batteries, and Engineering Laboratory for Functionalized Carbon Materials, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055 (P.R. China); Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 (P.R. China)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Zhang X, Hou Y, He W, Yang G, Cui J, Liu S, Song X, Huang Z. Fabricating high performance lithium-ion batteries using bionanotechnology. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3356-3372. [PMID: 25640923 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06815g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Designing, fabricating, and integrating nanomaterials are key to transferring nanoscale science into applicable nanotechnology. Many nanomaterials including amorphous and crystal structures are synthesized via biomineralization in biological systems. Amongst various techniques, bionanotechnology is an effective strategy to manufacture a variety of sophisticated inorganic nanomaterials with precise control over their chemical composition, crystal structure, and shape by means of genetic engineering and natural bioassemblies. This provides opportunities to use renewable natural resources to develop high performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). For LIBs, reducing the sizes and dimensions of electrode materials can boost Li(+) ion and electron transfer in nanostructured electrodes. Recently, bionanotechnology has attracted great interest as a novel tool and approach, and a number of renewable biotemplate-based nanomaterials have been fabricated and used in LIBs. In this article, recent advances and mechanism studies in using bionanotechnology for high performance LIBs studies are thoroughly reviewed, covering two technical routes: (1) Designing and synthesizing composite cathodes, e.g. LiFePO4/C, Li3V2(PO4)3/C and LiMn2O4/C; and (2) designing and synthesizing composite anodes, e.g. NiO/C, Co3O4/C, MnO/C, α-Fe2O3 and nano-Si. This review will hopefully stimulate more extensive and insightful studies on using bionanotechnology for developing high-performance LIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Tang W, Liu Y, Peng C, Hu MY, Deng X, Lin M, Hu JZ, Loh KP. Probing lithium germanide phase evolution and structural change in a germanium-in-carbon nanotube energy storage system. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2600-7. [PMID: 25646600 DOI: 10.1021/ja5116259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lithium alloys of group IV elements such as silicon and germanium are attractive candidates for use as anodes in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, the poor capacity retention arising from volume swing during lithium cycling restricts their widespread application. Herein, we report high reversible capacity and superior rate capability from core-shell structure consisting of germanium nanorods embedded in multiwall carbon nanotubes. To understand how the core-shell structure helps to mitigate volume swings and buffer against mechanical instability, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and in situ (7)Li nuclear magnetic resonance were used to probe the structural rearrangements and phase evolution of various Li-Ge alloy phases during (de)alloying reactions with lithium. The results provide insights into amorphous-to-crystalline transition and lithium germanide alloy phase transformation, which are important reactions controlling performance in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
Wang KX, Li XH, Chen JS. Surface and interface engineering of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:527-45. [PMID: 25355133 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries are regarded as promising energy storage devices for next-generation electric and hybrid electric vehicles. In order to meet the demands of electric vehicles, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of advanced electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries with high energy and power densities. Although significant progress has been recently made in the development of novel electrode materials, some critical issues comprising low electronic conductivity, low ionic diffusion efficiency, and large structural variation have to be addressed before the practical application of these materials. Surface and interface engineering is essential to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This article reviews the recent progress in surface and interface engineering of electrode materials including the increase in contact interface by decreasing the particle size or introducing porous or hierarchical structures and surface modification or functionalization by metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers, and other ionic and electronic conductive species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|