101
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Mishra N, Spearman M, Donald L, Perreault H, Butler M. Comparison of two glycoengineering strategies to control the fucosylation of a monoclonal antibody. J Biotechnol 2020; 324S:100015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.btecx.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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102
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Alfaleh MA, Alsaab HO, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Jones ML, Mahler SM, Hashem AM. Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside. Front Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32983137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01986/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets in terms of approval and sales. They are the most profitable single product class, where they represent six of the top ten selling drugs. At the beginning of the 1990s, an in vitro antibody selection technology known as antibody phage display was developed by John McCafferty and Sir. Gregory Winter that enabled the discovery of human antibodies for diverse applications, particularly antibody-based drugs. They created combinatorial antibody libraries on filamentous phage to be utilized for generating antigen specific antibodies in a matter of weeks. Since then, more than 70 phage-derived antibodies entered clinical studies and 14 of them have been approved. These antibodies are indicated for cancer, and non-cancer medical conditions, such as inflammatory, optical, infectious, or immunological diseases. This review will illustrate the utility of phage display as a powerful platform for therapeutic antibodies discovery and describe in detail all the approved mAbs derived from phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martina L Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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103
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Freimoser–Grundschober A, Rueger P, Fingas F, Sondermann P, Herter S, Schlothauer T, Umana P, Neumann C. FcγRIIIa chromatography to enrich a-fucosylated glycoforms and assess the potency of glycoengineered therapeutic antibodies. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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104
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Hajduk J, Brunner C, Malik S, Bangerter J, Schneider G, Thomann M, Reusch D, Zenobi R. Interaction analysis of glycoengineered antibodies with CD16a: a native mass spectrometry approach. MAbs 2020; 12:1736975. [PMID: 32167012 PMCID: PMC7153833 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1736975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Minor changes in the quality of biologically manufactured monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can affect their bioactivity and efficacy. One of the most important variations concerns the N-glycosylation pattern, which directly affects an anti-tumor mechanism called antibody-dependent cell-meditated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Thus, careful engineering of mAbs is expected to enhance both protein-receptor binding and ADCC. The specific aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of terminal carbohydrates within the Fc region on the interaction with the FcγRIIIa/CD16a receptor in native and label-free conditions. The single mAb molecule comprises variants with minimal and maximal galactosylation, as well as α2,3 and α2,6-sialic acid isomers. Here, we apply native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to determine the solution-phase antibody-receptor equilibria and by using temperature-controlled nanoelectrospray, a thermal stability of the complex is examined. Based on these, we prove that the galactosylation of a fucosylated Fc region increases the binding to CD16a 1.5-fold when compared with the non-galactosylated variant. The α2,6-sialylation has no significant effect on the binding, whereas the α2,3-sialylation decreases it 1.72-fold. In line with expectation, the galactoslylated and α2,6-sialylated mAb:CD16a complex exhibit higher thermal stability when measured in the temperature gradient from 20 to 50°C. The similar binding pattern is observed based on surface plasmon resonance analysis and immunofluorescence staining using natural killer cells. The results of our study provide new insight into N-glycosylation-based interaction of the mAb:CD16a complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hajduk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill Brunner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Malik
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jana Bangerter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Thomann
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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105
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Qin K, Shi W, Zhao L, Li M, Tang Y, Faridoon, Jiang B, Tang F, Huang W. Thermostability detection and optimization of glycoengineered antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates based on differential scanning flouremitry analysis. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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106
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Tsumoto K, Isozaki Y, Yagami H, Tomita M. Future perspectives of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:119-127. [PMID: 30730271 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies has been dramatically increasing year by year. Their highly specific targeting of antigens can provide very effective medical treatment, and the advent of molecular-targeting medicine is allowing development of a new generation of therapeutic agents. However, there is one critical obstacle to overcome. Most of the established therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have specificity for the primary structures of target antigens, although all proteins harbor original native intact structures for their own specific functions. Stereo-specific monoclonal antibodies recognizing conformational structures of target antigens may thus offer a markedly more versatile approach. Their application may change the very concepts underlying use of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Tsumoto
- Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Chemistry for Materials, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yushi Isozaki
- Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Chemistry for Materials, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hisanori Yagami
- Intelectual Property Office (IPO), Organization for the Promotion of Regional Innovation, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tomita
- Molecular Bioengineering Laboratory, Division of Chemistry for Materials, 1577 Kurima-Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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107
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Schweickert PG, Cheng Z. Application of Genetic Engineering in Biotherapeutics Development. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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108
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Yagi Y, Okazaki A, Endo M, Yanagisawa K, Fukuda J, Nishimura K, Yamazaki K. A Comparison of the Oligosaccharide Structures of Antithrombin Derived from Plasma and Recombinant Using POTELLIGENT ® Technology. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1333-1340. [PMID: 31423004 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human antithrombin (AT) has two isoforms of which the predominant α-form is glycosylated on all four possible glycosylation sites and the lower abundant β-isoform lacks the oligosaccharide on Asn135. The main oligosaccharide structure of human AT consists of biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides lacking a core fucose. Generally, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells produce recombinant human AT (rhAT) with core-fucosylated oligosaccharides. However, rhAT lacking core-fucose oligosaccharides can be produced by POTELLIGENT® technology, which uses FUT8 knockout CHO cells in production. The rhAT has more variable glycan structures, such as tetra-antennary complex type, high-mannose type, and mannose 6-phosphate species as minor components compared to plasma-derived human AT (phAT). In addition, the site-specific glycan profile was different between two ATs. We evaluated the effect of these properties on efficacy and safety based on a comparison of rhAT made by that technology with phAT in terms of their respective oligosaccharide structures, site-specific oligosaccharide profiles, and the ratio of α- and β-forms. Although some structural differences were found between the rhAT and phAT, we concluded that these differences have no significant effect on the efficacy and safety of rhAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yagi
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Akira Okazaki
- Takasaki Plant, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Megumi Endo
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Kumi Yanagisawa
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Jun Fukuda
- Corporate Strategy & Planning Department, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Koichiro Nishimura
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
| | - Katsuyoshi Yamazaki
- Bio Process Research and Development Laboratories, Production Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd
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109
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Van Landuyt L, Lonigro C, Meuris L, Callewaert N. Customized protein glycosylation to improve biopharmaceutical function and targeting. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:17-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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110
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Stach CS, McCann MG, O’Brien CM, Le TS, Somia N, Chen X, Lee K, Fu HY, Daoutidis P, Zhao L, Hu WS, Smanski M. Model-Driven Engineering of N-Linked Glycosylation in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2524-2535. [PMID: 31596566 PMCID: PMC7034315 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used for industrial production of protein-based therapeutics (i.e., "biologics"). Here we describe a method for combining systems-level kinetic models with a synthetic biology platform for multigene overexpression to rationally perturb N-linked glycosylation. Specifically, we sought to increase galactose incorporation on a secreted Immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein. We rationally design, build, and test a total of 23 transgenic cell pools that express single or three-gene glycoengineering cassettes comprising a total of 100 kilobases of engineered DNA sequence. Through iterative engineering and model refinement, we rationally increase the fraction of bigalactosylated glycans five-fold from 11.9% to 61.9% and simultaneously decrease the glycan heterogeneity on the secreted IgG. Our approach allows for rapid hypothesis testing and identification of synergistic behavior from genetic perturbations by bridging systems and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Stach
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute
| | | | | | - Tung S. Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Nikunj Somia
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Xinning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Kyoungho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Hsu-Yuan Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | | | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei-Shou Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Michael Smanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute
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111
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He X, Jiang XH, Yie KYX, Chen J, Zhang JB, Yie SM. An autoantibody against a 48-Kd fragment of human DNA-topoiomerase I in breast cancer: Implication for diagnosis and prognosis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro. Cell Immunol 2019; 347:104007. [PMID: 31732123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a novel tumor-associated antigen (TAA) derived from human DNA-topoiomerase I (TOP 1). In the present study, we demonstrated that the autoantibody against the TAA could be a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis and favorable prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC). To understand the survival benefits in BC patients, we investigated whether the autoantibody could induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities (ADCC) against breast cancer cells in vitro. We found that the autoantibody exhibited significant ADCC activities that destroyed breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The ADCC activities of the autoantibody were significantly correlated with the number of natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and CD4+/CD8+ T cells. Accordingly, our findings showed that the autoantibody not only represented an early index of immune response to the TAA, but also was involved in host immune defense mechanisms that initiated the destruction of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases for Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Human Sperm Bank, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kevin Yi-Xiao Yie
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhang
- Core Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shang-Mian Yie
- Chengdu Cancer Bioengineering Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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112
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Takemura N, Kurashima Y, Mori Y, Okada K, Ogino T, Osawa H, Matsuno H, Aayam L, Kaneto S, Park EJ, Sato S, Matsunaga K, Tamura Y, Ouchi Y, Kumagai Y, Kobayashi D, Suzuki Y, Yoshioka Y, Nishimura J, Mori M, Ishii KJ, Rothenberg ME, Kiyono H, Akira S, Uematsu S. Eosinophil depletion suppresses radiation-induced small intestinal fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/429/eaan0333. [PMID: 29467297 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis (RIF) is a serious complication after abdominal radiotherapy for pelvic tumor or peritoneal metastasis. Herein, we show that RIF is mediated by eosinophil interactions with α-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA+) stromal cells. Abdominal irradiation caused RIF especially in the submucosa (SM) of the small intestine, which was associated with the excessive accumulation of eosinophils in both human and mouse. Eosinophil-deficient mice showed markedly ameliorated RIF, suggesting the importance of eosinophils. After abdominal irradiation, chronic crypt cell death caused elevation of extracellular adenosine triphosphate, which in turn activated expression of C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) by pericryptal α-SMA+ cells in the SM to attract eosinophils in mice. Inhibition of C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) by genetic deficiency or neutralizing antibody (Ab) treatment suppressed eosinophil accumulation in the SM after irradiation in mice, suggesting a critical role of the CCL11/CCR3 axis in the eosinophil recruitment. Activated α-SMA+ cells also expressed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to activate eosinophils. Transforming growth factor-β1 from GM-CSF-stimulated eosinophils promoted collagen expression by α-SMA+ cells. In translational studies, treatment with a newly developed interleukin-5 receptor α-targeting Ab, analogous to the human agent benralizumab, depleted intestinal eosinophils and suppressed RIF in mice. Collectively, we identified eosinophils as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of RIF and showed potential therapeutic strategies for RIF by targeting eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takemura
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, World Premier Institute (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okada
- Immunology and Allergy R&D Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., 3-6-6 Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Obere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Hideki Osawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirosih Matsuno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lamichhane Aayam
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneto
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Basic Medical Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sato
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Mucosal Vaccine Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouta Matsunaga
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamura
- Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kumagai
- Quantitative Immunology Research Unit, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, World Premier Institute (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Asagi Saito, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mark E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Division of Clinical Vaccinology, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. .,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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113
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Wang M, Zhang S, Sun Q, Yang X, Wang Y, Shang R, Zhu Y, Yao H, Li Y. Dual effects of an anti-CD147 antibody for Esophageal cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1443-1452. [PMID: 31411555 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1647052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm. Targeted therapy has been proven to be a promising way for cancer therapy. Here, we report a novel anti-CD147 antibody for esophageal cancer therapy, which is a chimeric antibody with modified glycoform in Fc region. Methods: ADCC assay was used to explore the antitumor efficacy of Metuzumab against esophageal cancer in vitro. Wound healing assay and Boyden Chamber invasion assay were performed to explore whether Metuzumab could inhibit migration and invasion of esophageal cancer in vitro. Insulin-like growth factors 1 (IGF-1) and PI3k/Akt was assayed for elaborating antagonistic mechanism of Metuzumab in migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells. Subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse model was used to investigate the antitumor efficacy of Metuzumab against esophageal cancer in vivo. The esophageal cancer tissue microarrays (TMA) was examined for identification of association of CD147 with lymph node metastasis, and the footpad xenograft nude mouse model was used to explore whether Metuzumab could inhibit lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer in vivo. Results: The results showed that Metuzumab exhibited higher ADCC compared to the wild type antibody cHAb18. Metuzumab inhibited migration and invasion of esophageal cancer through blockade of CD147 in vitro. The results of Western blot showed Metuzumab might inhibit migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells through suppressing activation of PI3k/Akt and expression of IGF-1. Experiments in vivo showed that Metuzumab exhibited significant antitumor efficacy and inhibited lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer in xenograft models. The immunochemical staining of TMA showed CD147 was high-expressed on various kinds of esophageal cancer tissues and associated with the grade of lymph node-metastasis. Conclusions: The in vitro and in vivo study demonstrated dual effects of Metuzumab in effectively mediating ADCC by activating effector cells, and inhibiting metastasis of esophageal cancer through blockade the function of CD147, providing justification for moving Metuzumab forward to clinical development in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Pacific Meinuoke Biopharmaceutical Company , Changzhou , 213022 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, XiJing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, XiJing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center & Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Changzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , P. R. China
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114
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Fisher P, Thomas-Oates J, Wood AJ, Ungar D. The N-Glycosylation Processing Potential of the Mammalian Golgi Apparatus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:157. [PMID: 31457009 PMCID: PMC6700225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity is an inherent feature of the glycosylation process. Mammalian cells often produce a variety of glycan structures on separate molecules of the same protein, known as glycoforms. This heterogeneity is not random but is controlled by the organization of the glycosylation machinery in the Golgi cisternae. In this work, we use a computational model of the N-glycosylation process to probe how the organization of the glycosylation machinery into different cisternae drives N-glycan biosynthesis toward differing degrees of heterogeneity. Using this model, we demonstrate the N-glycosylation potential and limits of the mammalian Golgi apparatus, for example how the number of cisternae limits the goal of achieving near homogeneity for N-glycans. The production of specific glycoforms guided by this computational study could pave the way for “glycoform engineering,” which will find uses in the functional investigation of glycans, the modulation of glycan-mediated physiological functions, and in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fisher
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - A Jamie Wood
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ungar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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115
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Amann T, Schmieder V, Faustrup Kildegaard H, Borth N, Andersen MR. Genetic engineering approaches to improve posttranslational modification of biopharmaceuticals in different production platforms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2778-2796. [PMID: 31237682 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of approved biopharmaceuticals, where product quality attributes remain of major importance, is increasing steadily. Within the available variety of expression hosts, the production of biopharmaceuticals faces diverse limitations with respect to posttranslational modifications (PTM), while different biopharmaceuticals demand different forms and specifications of PTMs for proper functionality. With the growing toolbox of genetic engineering technologies, it is now possible to address general as well as host- or biopharmaceutical-specific product quality obstacles. In this review, we present diverse expression systems derived from mammalians, bacteria, yeast, plants, and insects as well as available genetic engineering tools. We focus on genes for knockout/knockdown and overexpression for meaningful approaches to improve biopharmaceutical PTMs and discuss their applicability as well as future trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Amann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valerie Schmieder
- acib GmbH-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helene Faustrup Kildegaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikael Rørdam Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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116
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Ellwanger K, Reusch U, Fucek I, Wingert S, Ross T, Müller T, Schniegler-Mattox U, Haneke T, Rajkovic E, Koch J, Treder M, Tesar M. Redirected optimized cell killing (ROCK®): A highly versatile multispecific fit-for-purpose antibody platform for engaging innate immunity. MAbs 2019; 11:899-918. [PMID: 31172847 PMCID: PMC6601565 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1616506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Redirection of immune cells to efficiently eliminate tumor cells holds great promise. Natural killer cells (NK), macrophages, or T cells are specifically engaged with target cells expressing markers after infection or neoplastic transformation, resulting in their activation and subsequent killing of those targets. Multiple strategies to redirect immunity have been developed in the past two decades, but they have technical hurdles or cause undesirable side-effects, as exemplified by the T cell-based chimeric antigen receptor approaches (CAR-T therapies) or bispecific T cell engager platforms. Our first-in-class bispecific antibody redirecting innate immune cells to tumors (AFM13, a CD30/CD16A-specific innate immune cell engager) has shown signs of clinical efficacy in CD30-positive lymphomas and the potential to be safely administered, indicating a wider therapeutic window compared to T cell engaging therapies. AFM13 is the most advanced candidate from our fit-for-purpose redirected optimized cell killing (ROCK®) antibody platform, which comprises a plethora of CD16A-binding innate immune cell engagers with unique properties. Here, we discuss aspects of this modular platform, including the advantages of innate immune cell engagement over classical monoclonal antibodies and other engager concepts. We also present details on its potential to engineer a fit-for-purpose innate immune cell engager format that can be equipped with unique CD16A domains, modules that influence pharmacokinetic properties and molecular architectures that influence the activation of immune effectors, as well as tumor targeting. The ROCK® platform is aimed at the activation of innate immunity for the effective lysis of tumor cells and holds the promise of overcoming limitations of other approaches that redirect immune cells by widening the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe Reusch
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ivica Fucek
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Ross
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
| | | | - Torsten Haneke
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Erich Rajkovic
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Joachim Koch
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Martin Treder
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Tesar
- a Affimed GmbH, Research Department , Heidelberg , Germany
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117
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Chang MM, Gaidukov L, Jung G, Tseng WA, Scarcelli JJ, Cornell R, Marshall JK, Lyles JL, Sakorafas P, Chu AHA, Cote K, Tzvetkova B, Dolatshahi S, Sumit M, Mulukutla BC, Lauffenburger DA, Figueroa B, Summers NM, Lu TK, Weiss R. Small-molecule control of antibody N-glycosylation in engineered mammalian cells. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:730-736. [PMID: 31110306 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is crucial for structural and functional properties of mAb therapeutics, including stability, pharmacokinetics, safety and clinical efficacy. The biopharmaceutical industry currently lacks tools to precisely control N-glycosylation levels during mAb production. In this study, we engineered Chinese hamster ovary cells with synthetic genetic circuits to tune N-glycosylation of a stably expressed IgG. We knocked out two key glycosyltransferase genes, α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β4GALT1), genomically integrated circuits expressing synthetic glycosyltransferase genes under constitutive or inducible promoters and generated antibodies with concurrently desired fucosylation (0-97%) and galactosylation (0-87%) levels. Simultaneous and independent control of FUT8 and β4GALT1 expression was achieved using orthogonal small molecule inducers. Effector function studies confirmed that glycosylation profile changes affected antibody binding to a cell surface receptor. Precise and rational modification of N-glycosylation will allow new recombinant protein therapeutics with tailored in vitro and in vivo effects for various biotechnological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Chang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leonid Gaidukov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giyoung Jung
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wen Allen Tseng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Richard Cornell
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Marshall
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Lyles
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul Sakorafas
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - An-Hsiang Adam Chu
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Kaffa Cote
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Boriana Tzvetkova
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Madhuresh Sumit
- Culture Process Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Bhanu Chandra Mulukutla
- Culture Process Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Figueroa
- Culture Process Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
| | - Nevin M Summers
- Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Synthetic Biology Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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118
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Zhu J, Hatton D. New Mammalian Expression Systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:9-50. [PMID: 28585079 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are an increasing number of recombinant antibodies and proteins in preclinical and clinical development for therapeutic applications. Mammalian expression systems are key to enabling the production of these molecules, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell platforms continue to be central to delivery of the stable cell lines required for large-scale production. Increasing pressure on timelines and efficiency, further innovation of molecular formats and the shift to new production systems are driving developments of these CHO cell line platforms. The availability of genome and transcriptome data coupled with advancing gene editing tools are increasing the ability to design and engineer CHO cell lines to meet these challenges. This chapter aims to give an overview of the developments in CHO expression systems and some of the associated technologies over the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Diane Hatton
- MedImmune, Milstein Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
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119
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Dudek S, Weißmüller S, Anzaghe M, Miller L, Sterr S, Hoffmann K, Hengel H, Waibler Z. Human Fcγ receptors compete for TGN1412 binding that determines the antibody's effector function. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1117-1126. [PMID: 31002172 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first-in-human clinical trial of the CD28-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) TGN1412 resulted in a life-threatening cytokine release syndrome. Although TGN1412 was designed as IgG4, known for weak Fc:Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interactions, these interactions contributed to TGN1412-induced T-cell activation. Using cell lines (TFs) expressing human FcγRI, -IIa, -IIb, or -III, we show that TGN1412 and TGN1412 as IgG1 and IgG2 are bound by FcγRs as it can be deduced from literature. However, upon coculture of TGN1412-decorated T cells with TFs or human primary blood cells, we observed that binding capacities by FcγRs do not correlate with the strength of the mediated effector function. FcγRIIa and FcγRIIb, showing no or very minor binding to TGN1412, mediated strongest T cell proliferation, while high-affinity FcγRI, exhibiting strong TGN1412 binding, mediated hardly any T-cell proliferation. These findings are of biological relevance because we show that FcγRI binds TGN1412, thus prevents binding to FcγRIIa or FcγRIIb, and consequently disables T-cell proliferation. In line with this, FcγRI- FcγRII+ but not FcγRI+ FcγRII+ monocytes mediate TGN1412-induced T-cell proliferation. Collectively, by using TGN1412 as example, our results indicate that binding of monomeric IgG subclasses does not predict the FcγR-mediated effector function, which has major implications for the design of therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dudek
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weißmüller
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Martina Anzaghe
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Lilija Miller
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sarah Sterr
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Product Testing of Immunological Biopharmaceuticals, Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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120
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Yuan Y, Zong H, Bai J, Han L, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Xu C, Zhu J, Zhang B. Bioprocess development of a stable FUT8 -/--CHO cell line to produce defucosylated anti-HER2 antibody. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1263-1271. [PMID: 30982137 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of defucosylated therapeutic antibodies have been applied in clinical practices due to their better efficacy compared to fucosylated counterparts. The establishment of stable and clonal manufacturing cell lines is the basis of therapeutic antibodies production. Bioprocess development of a new cell line is necessary for its future applications in the biopharmaceutical industry. We engineered a stable cell line expressing defucosylated anti-HER2 antibody based on an established α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) gene knockout CHO-S cell line. The optimization of medium and feed was evaluated in a small-scale culture system. Then the optimal medium and feed were scaled up in a bioreactor system. After fed-batch culture over 13 days, we evaluated the cell growth, antibody yield, glycan compositions and bioactivities. The production of anti-HER2 antibody from the FUT8 gene knockout CHO-S cells in the bioreactor increased by 37% compared to the shake flask system. The N-glycan profile of the produced antibody was consistent between the bioreactor and shake flask system. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of the defucosylated antibody increased 14-fold compared to the wild-type antibody, which was the same as our previous results. The results of our bioprocess development demonstrated that the engineered cell line could be developed to a biopharmaceutical industrial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Zong
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.,Jecho Laboratories, Inc., 7320 Executive Way, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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121
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Chandler KB, Mehta N, Leon DR, Suscovich TJ, Alter G, Costello CE. Multi-isotype Glycoproteomic Characterization of Serum Antibody Heavy Chains Reveals Isotype- and Subclass-Specific N-Glycosylation Profiles. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:686-703. [PMID: 30659065 PMCID: PMC6442369 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are critical glycoproteins that bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems to provide protection against infection. The isotype/subclass of the antibody, the co-translational N-glycosylation on the CH2 domain, and the remodeling of the N-linked glycans during passage through the ER and Golgi are the known variables within the Fc domain that program antibody effector function. Through investigations of monoclonal therapeutics, it has been observed that addition or removal of specific monosaccharide residues from antibody N-glycans can influence the potency of antibodies, highlighting the importance of thoroughly characterizing antibody N-glycosylation. Although IgGs usually have a single N-glycosylation site and are well studied, other antibody isotypes, e.g. IgA and IgM, that are the first responders in certain diseases, have two to five sites/monomer of antibody, and little is known about their N-glycosylation. Here we employ a nLC-MS/MS method using stepped-energy higher energy collisional dissociation to characterize the N-glycan repertoire and site occupancy of circulating serum antibodies. We simultaneously determined the site-specific N-linked glycan repertoire for IgG1, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2, and IgM in individual healthy donors. Compared with IgG1, IgG4 displayed a higher relative abundance of G1S1F and a lower relative abundance of G1FB. IgA1 and IgA2 displayed mostly biantennary N-glycans. IgA2 variants with the either serine (S93) or proline (P93) were detected. In digests of the sera from a subset of donors, we detected an unmodified peptide containing a proline residue at position 93; this substitution would strongly disfavor N-glycosylation at N92. IgM sites N46, N209, and N272 displayed mostly complex glycans, whereas sites N279 and N439 displayed higher relative abundances of high-mannose glycoforms. This multi-isotype approach is a crucial step toward developing a platform to define disease-specific N-glycan signatures for different isotypes to help tune antibodies to induce protection. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010911.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Brown Chandler
- From the ‡Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah R Leon
- From the ‡Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Todd J Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine E Costello
- From the ‡Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;.
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122
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Abstract
Antibodies are immunoglobulins that play essential roles in immune systems. All antibodies are glycoproteins that carry at least one or more conserved N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) at the Fc domain. Many studies have demonstrated that both the presence and fine structures of the attached glycans can exert a profound impact on the biological functions and therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. However, antibodies usually exist as mixtures of heterogeneous glycoforms that are difficult to separate in pure glycoforms. Recent progress in glycoengineering has provided useful methods that enable production of glycan-defined and site-selectively modified antibodies for functional studies and for improved therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights major approaches in glycoengineering of antibodies with a focus on recent advances in three areas: glycoengineering through glycan biosynthetic pathway manipulation, glycoengineering through in vitro chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling, and glycoengineering of antibodies for site-specific antibody-drug conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - John P Giddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Tiezheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
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123
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Pereira NA, Chan KF, Lin PC, Song Z. The "less-is-more" in therapeutic antibodies: Afucosylated anti-cancer antibodies with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. MAbs 2019; 10:693-711. [PMID: 29733746 PMCID: PMC6150623 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1466767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are the fastest growing class of biological therapeutics for the treatment of various cancers and inflammatory disorders. In cancer immunotherapy, some IgG1 antibodies rely on the Fc-mediated immune effector function, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), as the major mode of action to deplete tumor cells. It is well-known that this effector function is modulated by the N-linked glycosylation in the Fc region of the antibody. In particular, absence of core fucose on the Fc N-glycan has been shown to increase IgG1 Fc binding affinity to the FcγRIIIa present on immune effector cells such as natural killer cells and lead to enhanced ADCC activity. As such, various strategies have focused on producing afucosylated antibodies to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review discusses the relevance of antibody core fucosylation to ADCC, different strategies to produce afucosylated antibodies, and an update of afucosylated antibody drugs currently undergoing clinical trials as well as those that have been approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Pereira
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Kah Fai Chan
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Pao Chun Lin
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Zhiwei Song
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore
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124
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Cambay F, Henry O, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G. Impact of N-glycosylation on Fcγ receptor / IgG interactions: unravelling differences with an enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensor assay based on coiled-coil interactions. MAbs 2019; 11:435-452. [PMID: 30822189 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1581017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycosylation profile of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is considered a critical quality attribute due to its impact on IgG-Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) interactions, which subsequently affect antibody-dependent cell-based immune responses. In this study, we investigated the impact of the FcγR capture method, as well as FcγR N-glycosylation, on the kinetics of interaction with various glycoforms of trastuzumab (TZM) in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor assay. More specifically, we developed a novel strategy based on coiled-coil interactions for the stable and oriented capture of coil-tagged FcγRs at the biosensor surface. Coil-tagged FcγR capture outperformed all other capture strategies applied to the SPR study of IgG-FcγR interactions, as the robustness and reproducibility of the assay and the shelf life of the biosensor chip were excellent (> 1,000 IgG injections with the same biosensor surface). Coil-tagged FcγRs displaying different N-glycosylation profiles were generated either by different expression systems, in vitro glycoengineering or by size-exclusion chromatography, and roughly characterized by lectin blotting. Of salient interest, the overlay of their kinetics of interaction with several TZM glycoforms revealed key differences on both association and dissociation kinetics, confirming a complex influence of the FcγR N-glycosylation and its inherent heterogeneity upon receptor interaction with mAbs. This work is thus an important step towards better understanding of the impact of glycosylation upon binding of IgGs, either natural or engineered, to their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Cambay
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnique Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,b Human Health Therapeutics Research Center , National Research Council Canada , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Olivier Henry
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnique Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- b Human Health Therapeutics Research Center , National Research Council Canada , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,c Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Polytechnique Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada
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125
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Dörner T, Posch MG, Li Y, Petricoul O, Cabanski M, Milojevic JM, Kamphausen E, Valentin MA, Simonett C, Mooney L, Hüser A, Gram H, Wagner FD, Oliver SJ. Treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome with ianalumab (VAY736) targeting B cells by BAFF receptor blockade coupled with enhanced, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:641-647. [PMID: 30826774 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ianalumab (VAY736), a B cell-depleting, B cell activating factor receptor-blocking, monoclonal antibody, in patients with active primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II, single-centre study. METHODS Patients with pSS, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) ≥6, were randomised to ianalumab single infusion at either 3 mg/kg (n=6), 10 mg/kg (n=12) or placebo (n=9). Outcomes were measured blinded at baseline and weeks 6, 12, 24, and unblinded at end of study (EoS) when B cell numbers had recovered. Clinical outcomes included ESSDAI, EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), salivary flow rate, ocular staining score, physician global assessment and patient assessments of fatigue and general quality of life. Laboratory-based measures included circulating leucocyte subsets and markers of B cell activity. RESULTS A similar trend showing positive therapeutic effect by ianalumab was observed across the primary clinical outcome (ESSDAI) and all secondary clinical outcomes (ESSPRI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Short Form-36, global assessments by physician and patient) versus the placebo-treated group. Rapid and profound B cell depletion of long-lasting duration occurred after a single infusion of ianalumab at either dose. Serum Ig light chains decreased, with return to baseline levels at EoS. Changes in some clinical outcomes persisted through to EoS in the higher dose group. Adverse effects were largely limited to mild to moderate infusion reactions within 24 hours of ianalumab administration. CONCLUSIONS Overall results in this single-dose study suggest potent and sustained B cell depletion by ianalumab could provide therapeutic benefits in patients with pSS without major side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Yue Li
- Integrated Information Sciences, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Maciej Cabanski
- Autoimmunity, Transplant and Inflammation, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Louise Mooney
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hermann Gram
- Autoimmunity, Transplant and Inflammation, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
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126
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Simonov V, Ivanov S, Smolov M, Abbasova S, Piskunov A, Poteryaev D. Control of therapeutic IgG antibodies galactosylation during cultivation process and its impact on IgG1/FcγR interaction and ADCC activity. Biologicals 2019; 58:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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127
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Nguyen Dang A, Mun M, Rose CM, Ahyow P, Meier A, Sandoval W, Yuk IH. Interaction of cell culture process parameters for modulating mAb afucosylation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:831-845. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Mun
- Cell Culture, PTD, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Christopher M. Rose
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, gRED, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Patrick Ahyow
- Cell Culture, PTD, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Angela Meier
- Cell Culture, PTD, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, gRED, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
| | - Inn H. Yuk
- Cell Culture, PTD, GenentechSouth San Francisco California
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128
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Kommineni V, Markert M, Ren Z, Palle S, Carrillo B, Deng J, Tejeda A, Nandi S, McDonald KA, Marcel S, Holtz B. In Vivo Glycan Engineering via the Mannosidase I Inhibitor (Kifunensine) Improves Efficacy of Rituximab Manufactured in Nicotiana benthamiana Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E194. [PMID: 30621113 PMCID: PMC6337617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation has been shown to affect the pharmacokinetic properties of several classes of biologics, including monoclonal antibodies, blood factors, and lysosomal enzymes. In the last two decades, N-glycan engineering has been employed to achieve a N-glycosylation profile that is either more consistent or aligned with a specific improved activity (i.e., effector function or serum half-life). In particular, attention has focused on engineering processes in vivo or in vitro to alter the structure of the N-glycosylation of the Fc region of anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies in order to increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Here, we applied the mannosidase I inhibitor kifunensine to the Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression platform to produce an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab). We determined the optimal concentration of kifunensine used in the infiltration solution, 0.375 µM, which was sufficient to produce exclusively oligomannose glycoforms, at a concentration 14 times lower than previously published levels. The resulting afucosylated rituximab revealed a 14-fold increase in ADCC activity targeting the lymphoma cell line Wil2-S when compared with rituximab produced in the absence of kifunensine. When applied to the cost-effective and scalable N. benthamiana transient expression platform, the use of kifunensine allows simple in-process glycan engineering without the need for transgenic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vally Kommineni
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Matthew Markert
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Sreenath Palle
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Berenice Carrillo
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Jasmine Deng
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Armando Tejeda
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Somen Nandi
- Global HealthShare® Initiative, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Karen A McDonald
- Global HealthShare® Initiative, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sylvain Marcel
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Barry Holtz
- iBio CDMO, LLC, 8800 Health Science Center Parkway, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
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129
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Ho CH, Chen SH, Tsai HW, Wu IC, Chang TT. Fully galactosyl-fucosyl-bisected IgG 1 reduces anti-HBV efficacy and liver histological improvement. Antiviral Res 2019; 163:1-10. [PMID: 30611775 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation on the crystallizable fragment (Fc) governs antibody-mediated immune responses. This study addressed the relevance of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-bisected IgG1 on the disease progression and treatment efficacy in the immune active phase of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Serum IgG1N-glycan patterns from 166 HBV e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The proportion of GlcNAc-bisected IgG1 on the disease severity and efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment were investigated. Cytokine-dependent regulations of IgG1 GlcNAc bisection were also addressed using mouse IgG1-producing hybridoma cells. We found that IgG1 bearing a fully galactosyl-fucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine-bisected (G2FN) glycoform in HBeAg-positive patients was associated with high levels of HBV DNA or HBV surface antigen, alanine aminotransferase <2 upper limits of normal, and a mild liver injury. Moreover, baseline IgG1-G2FN ≧ 1.5% was linked to lower probabilities of virological response (HBV DNA undetectable in serum), HBeAg seroconversion, HBV core antigen loss, and liver histological improvement after treatment. Cox and logistic regression analyses revealed that IgG1-G2FN was an unfavorable factor for the virological response (hazard ratio = 0.620, 95% confidence interval = 0.466-0.825, P = 0.001) or liver histological improvement (odds ratio = 0.513, 95% confidence interval = 0.279-0.943, P = 0.032), respectively. Results from in vitro studies showed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment downregulated mannosyl β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 activities and thereby IgG1-G2FN production, and this phenomenon reflected an inverse correlation between IgG1-G2FN and TGF-β1 in sera of patients (r = -0.431, P < 0.001). In conclusion, IgG1-G2FN was related to an attenuated liver inflammation and unfavorable treatment responses in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Tsung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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130
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Downstream Processing for Biopharmaceuticals Recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01881-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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131
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Kronimus Y, Dodel R, Galuska SP, Neumann S. IgG Fc N-glycosylation: Alterations in neurologic diseases and potential therapeutic target? J Autoimmun 2019; 96:14-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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132
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Xu Y, Wang D, Mason B, Rossomando T, Li N, Liu D, Cheung JK, Xu W, Raghava S, Katiyar A, Nowak C, Xiang T, Dong DD, Sun J, Beck A, Liu H. Structure, heterogeneity and developability assessment of therapeutic antibodies. MAbs 2018; 11:239-264. [PMID: 30543482 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1553476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to developability assessment with the understanding that thorough evaluation of monoclonal antibody lead candidates at an early stage can avoid delays during late-stage development. The concept of developability is based on the knowledge gained from the successful development of approximately 80 marketed antibody and Fc-fusion protein drug products and from the lessons learned from many failed development programs over the last three decades. Here, we reviewed antibody quality attributes that are critical to development and traditional and state-of-the-art analytical methods to monitor those attributes. Based on our collective experiences, a practical workflow is proposed as a best practice for developability assessment including in silico evaluation, extended characterization and forced degradation using appropriate analytical methods that allow characterization with limited material consumption and fast turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda Xu
- a Protein Analytics , Adimab , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Dongdong Wang
- b Analytical Department , Bioanalytix, Inc ., Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Bruce Mason
- c Product Characterization , Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Tony Rossomando
- c Product Characterization , Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Ning Li
- d Analytical Chemistry , Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., Tarrytown , NY , USA
| | - Dingjiang Liu
- e Formulation Development , Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., Tarrytown , NY , USA
| | - Jason K Cheung
- f Pharmaceutical Sciences , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc ., Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Wei Xu
- g Analytical Method Development , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc ., Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Smita Raghava
- h Sterile Formulation Sciences , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc ., Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Amit Katiyar
- i Analytical Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Pennington , NJ , USA
| | - Christine Nowak
- c Product Characterization , Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Tao Xiang
- j Manufacturing Sciences , Abbvie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Diane D Dong
- j Manufacturing Sciences , Abbvie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | - Joanne Sun
- k Product development , Innovent Biologics , Suzhou Industrial Park , China
| | - Alain Beck
- l Analytical chemistry , NBEs, Center d'immunologie Pierre Fabre , St Julien-en-Genevois Cedex , France
| | - Hongcheng Liu
- c Product Characterization , Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., New Haven , CT , USA
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133
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Wada R, Matsui M, Kawasaki N. Influence of N-glycosylation on effector functions and thermal stability of glycoengineered IgG1 monoclonal antibody with homogeneous glycoforms. MAbs 2018; 11:350-372. [PMID: 30466347 PMCID: PMC6380427 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1551044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of the conserved asparagine residue in each heavy chain of IgG in the CH2 domain is known as N-glycosylation. It is one of the most common post-translational modifications and important critical quality attributes of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. Various studies have demonstrated the effects of the Fc N-glycosylation on safety, Fc effector functions, and pharmacokinetics, both dependent and independent of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) pathway. However, separation of various glycoforms to investigate the biological and functional relevance of glycosylation is a major challenge, and existing studies often discuss the overall impact of N-glycans, without considering the individual contributions of each glycoform when evaluating mAbs with highly heterogeneous distributions. In this study, chemoenzymatic glycoengineering incorporating an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) EndoS2 and its mutant with transglycosylation activity was used to generate mAb glycoforms with highly homogeneous and well-defined N-glycans to better understand and precisely evaluate the effect of each N-glycan structure on Fc effector functions and protein stability. We demonstrated that the core fucosylation, non-reducing terminal galactosylation, sialylation, and mannosylation of IgG1 mAb N-glycans impact not only on FcγRIIIa binding, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and C1q binding, but also FcRn binding, thermal stability and propensity for protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Wada
- a Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Labs ., Pharmaceutical Technology, Astellas Pharma, Inc ., Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan.,b Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science , Yokohama City University , Tsurumi , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Makoto Matsui
- a Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Labs ., Pharmaceutical Technology, Astellas Pharma, Inc ., Tsukuba , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Nana Kawasaki
- b Department of Medical Life Science, Graduate School of Medical Life Science , Yokohama City University , Tsurumi , Yokohama , Japan
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134
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Schulz MA, Tian W, Mao Y, Van Coillie J, Sun L, Larsen JS, Chen YH, Kristensen C, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H, Yang Z. Glycoengineering design options for IgG1 in CHO cells using precise gene editing. Glycobiology 2018; 28:542-549. [PMID: 29596681 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise gene editing technologies are providing new opportunities to stably engineer host cells for recombinant production of therapeutic glycoproteins with different glycan structures. The glycosylation of recombinant therapeutics has long been a focus for both quality and consistency of products and for optimizing and improving pharmacokinetic properties as well as bioactivity. Structures of glycans on therapeutic glycoproteins are important for circulation, biodistribution and bioactivity. In particular, the latter has been demonstrated for therapeutic IgG1 antibodies where the core α1,6Fucose on the conserved N-glycan at Asn297 have remarkable dampening effects on antibody effector functions. We previously explored precise gene engineering and design options for N-glycosylation in CHO cells, and here we focus on engineering options possible for N-glycans on human IgG1. We demonstrate stable precise gene engineering of rather homogenous biantennary N-glycans with and without galactose (G0F, G2F) as well as the α2,6-linked monosialylated (G2FS1) glycoform. We were unable to introduce substantial disialylated glycoforms. Instead we engineered a novel monoantennary homogeneous N-glycan design with complete α2,6-linked sialic acid capping. All N-glycoforms may be engineered with and without core α1,6Fucose. The stably engineered design options enable production of human IgG antibodies with an array of distinct glycoforms for testing and selection of optimal design for different therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A Schulz
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Weihua Tian
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yang Mao
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Julie Van Coillie
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Joachim S Larsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Claus Kristensen
- GlycoDisplay ApS, Blegdamsvej 3, Building 07-10-85, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,GlycoDisplay ApS, Blegdamsvej 3, Building 07-10-85, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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135
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Neu KE, Guthmiller JJ, Huang M, La J, Vieira MC, Kim K, Zheng NY, Cortese M, Tepora ME, Hamel NJ, Rojas KT, Henry C, Shaw D, Dulberger CL, Pulendran B, Cobey S, Khan AA, Wilson PC. Spec-seq unveils transcriptional subpopulations of antibody-secreting cells following influenza vaccination. J Clin Invest 2018; 129:93-105. [PMID: 30457979 DOI: 10.1172/jci121341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are among the most effective public health tools for combating certain infectious diseases such as influenza. The role of the humoral immune system in vaccine-induced protection is widely appreciated; however, our understanding of how antibody specificities relate to B cell function remains limited due to the complexity of polyclonal antibody responses. To address this, we developed the Spec-seq framework, which allows for simultaneous monoclonal antibody (mAb) characterization and transcriptional profiling from the same single cell. Here, we present the first application of the Spec-seq framework, which we applied to human plasmablasts after influenza vaccination in order to characterize transcriptional differences governed by B cell receptor (BCR) isotype and vaccine reactivity. Our analysis did not find evidence of long-term transcriptional specialization between plasmablasts of different isotypes. However, we did find enhanced transcriptional similarity between clonally related B cells, as well as distinct transcriptional signatures ascribed by BCR vaccine recognition. These data suggest IgG and IgA vaccine-positive plasmablasts are largely similar, whereas IgA vaccine-negative cells appear to be transcriptionally distinct from conventional, terminally differentiated, antigen-induced peripheral blood plasmablasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlynn E Neu
- The Committee on Immunology.,The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
| | | | - Min Huang
- The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
| | - Jennifer La
- The Department of Pathology, Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Marcos C Vieira
- The Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kangchon Kim
- The Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mario Cortese
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Carole Henry
- The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
| | - Dustin Shaw
- The Committee on Immunology.,The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
| | - Charles L Dulberger
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Cobey
- The Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aly A Khan
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- The Committee on Immunology.,The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology
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136
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Buettner MJ, Shah SR, Saeui CT, Ariss R, Yarema KJ. Improving Immunotherapy Through Glycodesign. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2485. [PMID: 30450094 PMCID: PMC6224361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing health care, with the majority of high impact "drugs" approved in the past decade falling into this category of therapy. Despite considerable success, glycosylation-a key design parameter that ensures safety, optimizes biological response, and influences the pharmacokinetic properties of an immunotherapeutic-has slowed the development of this class of drugs in the past and remains challenging at present. This article describes how optimizing glycosylation through a variety of glycoengineering strategies provides enticing opportunities to not only avoid past pitfalls, but also to substantially improve immunotherapies including antibodies and recombinant proteins, and cell-based therapies. We cover design principles important for early stage pre-clinical development and also discuss how various glycoengineering strategies can augment the biomanufacturing process to ensure the overall effectiveness of immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sagar R Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Pharmacology/Toxicology Branch I, Division of Clinical Evaluation and Pharmacology/Toxicology, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryan Ariss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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137
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Metabolic engineering of CHO cells to prepare glycoproteins. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:433-442. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As a complex and common post-translational modification, N-linked glycosylation affects a recombinant glycoprotein's biological activity and efficacy. For example, the α1,6-fucosylation significantly affects antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and α2,6-sialylation is critical for antibody anti-inflammatory activity. Terminal sialylation is important for a glycoprotein's circulatory half-life. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are currently the predominant recombinant protein production platform, and, in this review, the characteristics of CHO glycosylation are summarized. Moreover, recent and current metabolic engineering strategies for tailoring glycoprotein fucosylation and sialylation in CHO cells, intensely investigated in the past decades, are described. One approach for reducing α1,6-fucosylation is through inhibiting fucosyltransferase (FUT8) expression by knockdown and knockout methods. Another approach to modulate fucosylation is through inhibition of multiple genes in the fucosylation biosynthesis pathway or through chemical inhibitors. To modulate antibody sialylation of the fragment crystallizable region, expressions of sialyltransferase and galactotransferase individually or together with amino acid mutations can affect antibody glycoforms and further influence antibody effector functions. The inhibition of sialidase expression and chemical supplementations are also effective and complementary approaches to improve the sialylation levels on recombinant glycoproteins. The engineering of CHO cells or protein sequence to control glycoforms to produce more homogenous glycans is an emerging topic. For modulating the glycosylation metabolic pathways, the interplay of multiple glyco-gene knockouts and knockins and the combination of multiple approaches, including genetic manipulation, protein engineering and chemical supplementation, are detailed in order to achieve specific glycan profiles on recombinant glycoproteins for superior biological function and effectiveness.
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138
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Gupta SK, Shukla P. Glycosylation control technologies for recombinant therapeutic proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10457-10468. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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139
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Stimulation of natural killer cells with rhCD137 ligand enhances tumor-targeting antibody efficacy in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204880. [PMID: 30321186 PMCID: PMC6188629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many anticancer agents for gastric cancer have been developed, the prognosis for many patients remains poor. Recently, costimulatory immune molecules that reactivate antitumor immune responses by utilizing the host immune system have attracted attention as new therapeutic strategies. CD137 is a costimulatory molecule that reportedly potentiates the antitumor activity of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) by enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, it remains unclear whether CD137 stimulates tumor-regulatory activity in gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of CD137 stimulation on gastric cancer cells administered tumor-targeting mAbs. Our results showed that human natural killer (NK) cells were activated by expressing CD137 after encountering trastuzumab-coated gastric cancer cells, and that stimulation of activated NK cells in the presence of trastuzumab and recombinant human CD137 ligand (rhCD137L) enhanced cytotoxicity and release of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF, granzyme A, or granzyme B) as compared with activated NK cells with trastuzumab alone (p < 0.05). By combination treatment with rhCD137L, similar effects were obtained regarding cancer cell cytotoxicity in the presence of cetuximab (p < 0.01). Moreover, we revealed that CD137 expression was dependent upon the affinity between the Fc portion of the antibodies and FcγRIIIa of NK cells based on results indicating that human IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses enhanced CD137 expression (p < 0.001). These results confirmed that FcγRIIIA polymorphisms (158 V/V) enhanced CD137 expression to a greater degree than 158 F polymorphisms (p = 0.014). Our results suggested that CD137 stimulation could promote the effects of tumor-targeting mAbs in gastric cancer, and that further investigation of antibody binding affinity and in vivo activities might improve therapeutic strategies related to the treatment of gastric cancer patients.
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140
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Hunter M, Yuan P, Vavilala D, Fox M. Optimization of Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 95:e77. [DOI: 10.1002/cpps.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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141
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Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most prevalent posttranslational modifications that profoundly affects the structure and functions of proteins in a wide variety of biological recognition events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycoproteins, usually resulting from the variations of glycan components and/or the sites of glycosylation, often complicates detailed structure-function relationship studies and hampers the therapeutic applications of glycoproteins. To address these challenges, various chemical and biological strategies have been developed for producing glycan-defined homogeneous glycoproteins. This review highlights recent advances in the development of chemoenzymatic methods for synthesizing homogeneous glycoproteins, including the generation of various glycosynthases for synthetic purposes, endoglycosidase-catalyzed glycoprotein synthesis and glycan remodeling, and direct enzymatic glycosylation of polypeptides and proteins. The scope, limitation, and future directions of each method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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142
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Tong X, Li T, Li C, Wang LX. Generation and Comparative Kinetic Analysis of New Glycosynthase Mutants from Streptococcus pyogenes Endoglycosidases for Antibody Glycoengineering. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5239-5246. [PMID: 30102520 PMCID: PMC6202118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling by endoglycosidase-catalyzed deglycosylation and reglycosylation is emerging as an attractive approach for producing homogeneous glycoforms of antibodies, and the success of this approach depends on the discovery of efficient endoglycosidases and their glycosynthase mutants. We report in this paper a systematic site-directed mutagenesis of an endoglycosidase from Streptococcus pyogenes (Endo-S) at the critical Asp-233 (D233) site and evaluation of the hydrolysis and transglycosylation activities of the resulting mutants. We found that in addition to the previously identified D233A and D233Q mutants of Endo-S, most of the Asp-233 mutants discovered here were also glycosynthases that demonstrated glycosylation activity using glycan oxazoline as the donor substrate with diminished hydrolytic activity. The glycosynthase activity of the resultant mutants varied significantly depending on the nature of the amino acid substituents. Among them, the D233M mutant was identified as the most efficient glycosynthase variant with the highest transglycosylation/hydrolysis ratio, which is similar to the recently reported D184M mutant of Endo-S2, another S. pyogenes endoglycosidase. Kinetic studies of the D233M and D233A mutants of Endo-S, as well as glycosynthase mutants D184M and D184A of Endo-S2, indicated that the enhanced catalytic efficacy of the Asp-to-Met mutants of both enzymes was mainly due to an increased turnover number (increased kcat) for the glycan oxazoline substrate and the significantly enhanced substrate affinity (as judged by the reduced KM value) for the antibody acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Tiezheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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143
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Zahavi D, AlDeghaither D, O'Connell A, Weiner LM. Enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: a strategy for improving antibody-based immunotherapy. Antib Ther 2018; 1:7-12. [PMID: 33928217 PMCID: PMC7990127 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tby002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of surface antigens expressed on tumor cells by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. One mechanism of action of antibody-based immunotherapy is the activation of immune effector cells to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). This review will summarize the process of ADCC, its important role in the efficacy of mAb therapy, how to measure it, and finally future strategies for antibody design that can take advantage of it to improve clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zahavi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Dalal AlDeghaither
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Allison O'Connell
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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144
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Blondeel EJM, Aucoin MG. Supplementing glycosylation: A review of applying nucleotide-sugar precursors to growth medium to affect therapeutic recombinant protein glycoform distributions. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1505-1523. [PMID: 29913209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical quality attribute (CQA) of many therapeutic proteins, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and is a major consideration in the approval of biosimilar biologics due to its effects to therapeutic efficacy. Glycosylation generates a distribution of glycoforms, resulting in glycoproteins with inherent molecule-to-molecule heterogeneity, capable of activating (or failing to activate) different effector functions of the immune system. Glycoforms can be affected by the supplementation of nucleotide-sugar precursors, and related components, to culture growth medium, affecting the metabolism of glycosylation. These supplementations has been demonstrated to increase nucleotide-sugar intracellular pools, and impact glycoform distributions, but with varied results. These variations can be attributed to five key factors: Differences between cell platforms (enzyme/transporter expression levels); differences between recombinant proteins produced (glycan-site accessibility); the fermentation and sampling timeline (glucose availability and exoglycosidase accumulation); glutamine levels (affecting ammonia levels, which impact Golgi pH, as well as UDP-GlcNAc pools); and finally, a lack of standardized metrics for observing shifts in glycoform distributions (glycosylation indices) across different experiments. The purpose of this review is to provide detail and clarity on the state of the art of supplementation strategies for nucleotide-sugar precursors for affecting glycosylation in cell culture processes, and to apply glycosylation indices for standardized comparisons across the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J M Blondeel
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marc G Aucoin
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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145
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Dangi AK, Sinha R, Dwivedi S, Gupta SK, Shukla P. Cell Line Techniques and Gene Editing Tools for Antibody Production: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:630. [PMID: 29946262 PMCID: PMC6006397 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present day modern formulation practices for drugs are based on newer tools and techniques toward effective utilization. The methods of antibody formulations are to be revolutionized based on techniques of cell engineering and gene editing. In the present review, we have discussed innovations in cell engineering toward production of novel antibodies for therapeutic applications. Moreover, this review deciphers the use of RNAi, ribozyme engineering, CRISPR-Cas-based techniques for better strategies for antibody production. Overall, this review describes the multidisciplinary aspects of the production of therapeutic proteins that has gained more attention due to its increasing demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Dangi
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - Shailja Dwivedi
- Advanced Biotech Lab, Ipca Laboratories Limited, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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146
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Vito D, Smales CM. The Long Non-Coding RNA Transcriptome Landscape in CHO Cells Under Batch and Fed-Batch Conditions. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800122. [PMID: 29781203 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of non-coding RNAs in determining growth, productivity, and recombinant product quality attributes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has received much attention in recent years, exemplified by studies into microRNAs in particular. However, other classes of non-coding RNAs have received less attention. One such class are the non-coding RNAs known collectively as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The authors have undertaken the first landscape analysis of the lncRNA transcriptome in CHO using a mouse based microarray that also provided for the surveillance of the coding transcriptome. The authors report on those lncRNAs present in a model host CHO cell line under batch and fed-batch conditions on two different days and relate the expression of different lncRNAs to each other. The authors demonstrate that the mouse microarray is suitable for the detection and analysis of thousands of CHO lncRNAs and validated a number of these by qRT-PCR. The authors then further analyzed the data to identify those lncRNAs whose expression changed the most between growth and stationary phases of culture or between batch and fed-batch culture to identify potential lncRNA targets for further functional studies with regard to their role in controlling growth of CHO cells. The authors discuss the implications for the publication of this rich dataset and how this may be used by the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vito
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK
| | - Christopher Mark Smales
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK
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147
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Shalel Levanon S, Aharonovitz O, Maor-Shoshani A, Abraham G, Kenett D, Aloni Y. An efficient method to control high mannose and core fucose levels in glycosylated antibody production using deoxymannojirimycin. J Biotechnol 2018; 276-277:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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148
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Eisenhut P, Klanert G, Weinguny M, Baier L, Jadhav V, Ivansson D, Borth N. A CRISPR/Cas9 based engineering strategy for overexpression of multiple genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Metab Eng 2018; 48:72-81. [PMID: 29852271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of multiple genes to engineer Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells for better performance in production processes of biopharmaceuticals has recently become more and more popular. Yet, identification of useful genes and the unequivocally assessment of their effect alone and in combination(s) on the cellular phenotype is difficult due to high variation between subclones. Here, we present development and proof-of-concept of a novel engineering strategy using multiplexable activation of artificially repressed genes (MAARGE). This strategy will allow faster screening of overexpression of multiple genes in all possible combinations. MAARGE, in its here presented installment, comprises four different genes of interest that can all be stably integrated into the genome from one plasmid in a single transfection. Three of the genes are initially repressed by a repressor element (RE) that is integrated between promoter and translation start site. We show that an elongated 5'-UTR with an additional transcription termination (poly(A)) signal most efficiently represses protein expression. Distinct guide RNA (gRNA) targets flanking the REs for each gene then allow to specifically delete the RE by CRISPR/Cas9 and thus to activate the expression of the corresponding gene(s). We show that both individual and multiplexed activation of the genes of interest in a stably transfected CHO cell line is possible. Also, upon transfection of this stable cell line with all three gRNAs together, it was possible to isolate cells that express all potential gene combinations in a single experiment.
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Key Words
- BFP, Blue Fluorescent Protein
- BP, Bandpass
- CD, Chemically defined
- CHO, Chinese Hamster ovary
- CRISPR, Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats
- CRISPR/Cas9
- Cas9, CRISPR-associated protein 9
- Cell line engineering
- Chinese Hamster
- Fluorescent proteins
- GFP, Green Fluorescent Protein
- MAARGE, Multiplexable Activation of Artificially Repressed Genes
- MFI, Mean fluorescence intensity
- Ovary cells CHO
- Pathway engineering
- RE, Repressor element
- REST, Repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor
- RFP, Red Fluorescent protein
- RFP657, Red Fluorescent protein 657
- bp, Base pairs
- gRNA, Guide RNA
- poly(A), Poly Adenylation signal
- rpm, Rotations per minute
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eisenhut
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Klanert
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Weinguny
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurenz Baier
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nicole Borth
- ACIB Gmbh, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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149
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Okada M, Chikuma S, Kondo T, Hibino S, Machiyama H, Yokosuka T, Nakano M, Yoshimura A. Blockage of Core Fucosylation Reduces Cell-Surface Expression of PD-1 and Promotes Anti-tumor Immune Responses of T Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1017-1028. [PMID: 28768188 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is highly expressed on exhausted T cells and inhibits T cell activation. Antibodies that block the interaction between PD-1 and its ligand prevent this inhibitory signal and reverse T cell dysfunction, providing beneficial anti-tumor responses in a substantial number of patients. Mechanisms for the induction and maintenance of high PD-1 expression on exhausted T cells have not been fully understood. Utilizing a genome-wide loss-of-function screening method based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we identified genes involved in the core fucosylation pathway as positive regulators of cell-surface PD-1 expression. Inhibition of Fut8, a core fucosyltransferase, by genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition reduced cell-surface expression of PD-1 and enhanced T cell activation, leading to more efficient tumor eradication. Taken together, our findings suggest that blocking core fucosylation of PD-1 can be a promising strategy for improving anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Chikuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kondo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sana Hibino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Machiyama
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yokosuka
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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150
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Wang Q, Chung CY, Chough S, Betenbaugh MJ. Antibody glycoengineering strategies in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1378-1393. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Cheng-Yu Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Sandra Chough
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Michael J. Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland
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