101
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Effects of Positive and Negative Expectations on Human Pain Perception Engage Separate But Interrelated and Dependently Regulated Cerebral Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2018; 39:1261-1274. [PMID: 30552181 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2154-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expectations substantially influence pain perception, but the relationship between positive and negative expectations remains unclear. Recent evidence indicates that the integration between pain-related expectations and prediction errors is crucial for pain perception, which suggests that aversive prediction error-associated regions, such as the anterior insular cortex (aIC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), may play a pivotal role in expectation-induced pain modulation and help to delineate the relationship between positive and negative expectations. In a stimulus expectancy paradigm combining fMRI in healthy volunteers of both sexes, we found that, although positive and negative expectations respectively engaged the right aIC and right rACC to modulate pain, their associated activations and pain rating changes were significantly correlated. When positive and negative expectations modulated pain, the right aIC and rACC exhibited opposite coupling with periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the mismatch between actual and expected pain respectively modulated their coupling with PAG and thalamus across individuals. Participants' certainty about expectations predicted the extent of pain modulation, with positive expectations involving connectivity between aIC and hippocampus, a region regulating anxiety, and negative expectations engaging connectivity between rACC and lateral orbitofrontal cortex, a region reflecting outcome value and certainty. Interestingly, the strength of these certainty-related connectivities was also significantly associated between positive and negative expectations. These findings suggest that aversive prediction-error-related regions interact with pain-processing circuits to underlie stimulus expectancy effects on pain, with positive and negative expectations engaging dissociable but interrelated neural responses that are dependently regulated by individual certainty about expectations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Positive and negative expectations substantially influence pain perception, but their relationship remains unclear. Using fMRI in a stimulus expectancy paradigm, we found that, although positive and negative expectations engaged separate brain regions encoding the mismatch between actual and expected pain and involved opposite functional connectivities with the descending pain modulatory system, they produced significantly correlated pain rating changes and brain activation. Moreover, participants' certainty about expectations predicted the magnitude of both types of pain modulation, with the underlying functional connectivities significantly correlated between positive and negative expectations. These findings advance current understanding about cognitive modulation of pain, suggesting that both types of pain modulation engage different aversive prediction error signals but are dependently regulated by individual certainty about expectations.
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102
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Tian Y, Zalesky A. Characterizing the functional connectivity diversity of the insula cortex: Subregions, diversity curves and behavior. Neuroimage 2018; 183:716-733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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103
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Bajada CJ, Schreiber J, Caspers S. Fiber length profiling: A novel approach to structural brain organization. Neuroimage 2018; 186:164-173. [PMID: 30399419 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a recent increased interest in the structural connectivity of the cortex. However, an important feature of connectivity remains relatively unexplored; tract length. In this article, we develop an approach to characterize fiber length distributions across the human cerebral cortex. We used data from 76 participants of the Adult WU-Minn Human Connectome Project using probabilistic tractography. We found that connections of different lengths are not evenly distributed across the cortex. They form patterns where certain areas have a high density of fibers of a specific length while other areas have very low density. To assess the relevance of these new maps in relation to established characteristics, we compared them to structural indices such as cortical myelin content and cortical thickness. Additionally, we assessed their relation to resting state network organization. We noted that areas with very short fibers have relatively more myelin and lower cortical thickness while the pattern is inverted for longer fibers. Furthermore, the cortical fiber length distributions produce specific correlation patterns with functional resting state networks. Specifically, we find evidence that as resting state networks increase in complexity, their length profiles change. The functionally more complex networks correlate with maps of varying lengths while primary networks have more restricted correlations. We posit that these maps are a novel way of differentiating between 'local modules' that have restricted connections to 'neighboring' areas and 'functional integrators' that have more far reaching connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude J Bajada
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD, 2080, Malta
| | - Jan Schreiber
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40221, Duesseldorf, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Juelich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425, Juelich, Germany.
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104
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Mars RB, Passingham RE, Jbabdi S. Connectivity Fingerprints: From Areal Descriptions to Abstract Spaces. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:1026-1037. [PMID: 30241910 PMCID: PMC6198109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen years ago, Passingham and colleagues proposed that brain areas can be described in terms of their unique pattern of input and output connections with the rest of the brain, and that these connections are a crucial determinant of their function. We explore how the advent of neuroimaging of connectivity has allowed us to test and extend this proposal. We show that describing the brain in terms of an abstract connectivity space, as opposed to physical locations of areas, provides a natural and powerful framework for thinking about brain function and its variation across the brains of individuals, populations, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard E Passingham
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College, London, London, UK
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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105
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Malejko K, Neff D, Brown RC, Plener PL, Bonenberger M, Abler B, Grön G, Graf H. Somatosensory Stimulus Intensity Encoding in Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1853. [PMID: 30327632 PMCID: PMC6174222 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is clinically characterized by emotional instability, interpersonal disturbances and dysfunctional behavior such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). During NSSI, patients with BPD typically report analgesic or hypoalgesic phenomena, and pain perception and pain processing in BPD have been repeatedly investigated. Most of the studies so far focused on affective-motivational and cognitive-evaluative neural components of pain within categorial study designs. By contrast, rather basic somatosensory aspects such as neural intensity-encoding of somatosensory stimuli were not examined in further details. Thus, we investigated patients with BPD and healthy controls (HC) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an unpleasant sensory stimulation task with parametrically increasing stimulus intensities. 15 females diagnosed with BPD and 15 HCs were investigated with fMRI during four individually adjusted levels of electrical stimulus intensities. Ratings of stimulus intensity were assessed by button presses during fMRI. fMRI-data were analyzed by analyses of variances (ANOVA) at a statistical threshold of p < 0.05 FWE-corrected on cluster level. Subjective ratings of stimulus intensities were alike between BPD and HC, and intensity levels identified with equal accuracy. Significant intensity-encoding neural activations were observed within the primary and secondary somtasensory cortex, the posterior insula, the posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) in both, HC and BPD. Notably, there were no significant between-groups differences in intensity-encoding neural activations, even at lowered significance thresholds. Present results suggest a similar neural somatosensory stimulus intensity encoding in BPD as previously observed on a behavioral level. The alterations in neural affective-motivational or cognitive-evaluative components reported so far may be restricted to pain rather than unpleasant stimulus processing and were absent in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Malejko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Neff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Brown
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Bonenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Abler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Grön
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Graf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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106
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Das A, Takahashi E. Neuronal Migration and Axonal Pathways Linked to Human Fetal Insular Development Revealed by Diffusion MR Tractography. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:3555-3563. [PMID: 28968767 PMCID: PMC6132279 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The insula is a multimodal sensory integration structure that, in addition to serving as a gateway between somatosensory areas and limbic structures, plays a crucial role in autonomic nervous system function. While anatomical studies following the development of the insula have been conducted, currently, no studies have been published in human fetuses tracking the development of neuronal migration or of white matter tracts in the cortex. In this study, we aimed to follow the neuronal migration and subsequent maturation of axons in and around the insula in human fetal ages. Using high-angular resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography, major white matter pathways to/from the insula and its surrounding operculum were identified at a number of time points during human gestation. Pathways likely linked to neuronal migration from the ventricular zone to the inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal region, and the insular cortex were detected in the earliest gestational age studied (15 GW). Tractography reveals neuronal migration to areas surrounding the insula occurred at different time points. These results, in addition to demonstrating key time points for neuronal migration, suggest that neurons and axonal fiber pathways underlying the insula and its surrounding gyri mature differentially despite their relationship during cortical folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilash Das
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn St, Boston, MA, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Brain Imaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emi Takahashi
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn St, Boston, MA, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Brain Imaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1 Autumn St, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St, Charlestown, MA, USA
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107
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Liberati G, Klöcker A, Algoet M, Mulders D, Maia Safronova M, Ferrao Santos S, Ribeiro Vaz JG, Raftopoulos C, Mouraux A. Gamma-Band Oscillations Preferential for Nociception can be Recorded in the Human Insula. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:3650-3664. [PMID: 29028955 PMCID: PMC6366557 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient nociceptive stimuli elicit robust phase-locked local field potentials (LFPs) in the human insula. However, these responses are not preferential for nociception, as they are also elicited by transient non-nociceptive vibrotactile, auditory, and visual stimuli. Here, we investigated whether another feature of insular activity, namely gamma-band oscillations (GBOs), is preferentially observed in response to nociceptive stimuli. Although nociception-evoked GBOs have never been explored in the insula, previous scalp electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography studies suggest that nociceptive stimuli elicit GBOs in other areas such as the primary somatosensory and prefrontal cortices, and that this activity could be closely related to pain perception. Furthermore, tracing studies showed that the insula is a primary target of spinothalamic input. Using depth electrodes implanted in 9 patients investigated for epilepsy, we acquired insular responses to brief thermonociceptive stimuli and similarly arousing non-nociceptive vibrotactile, auditory, and visual stimuli (59 insular sites). As compared with non-nociceptive stimuli, nociceptive stimuli elicited a markedly stronger enhancement of GBOs (150-300 ms poststimulus) at all insular sites, suggesting that this feature of insular activity is preferential for thermonociception. Although this activity was also present in temporal and frontal regions, its magnitude was significantly greater in the insula as compared with these other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Liberati
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain,
1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Klöcker
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain,
1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Algoet
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain,
1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dounia Mulders
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain,
1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Maia Safronova
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Clinic, Erasme Hospital,
1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain,
1200 Brussels, Belgium
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108
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Bastuji H, Frot M, Perchet C, Hagiwara K, Garcia-Larrea L. Convergence of sensory and limbic noxious input into the anterior insula and the emergence of pain from nociception. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13360. [PMID: 30190593 PMCID: PMC6127143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31781-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two parallel di-synaptic routes convey nociceptive input to the telencephalon: the spino-thalamic system projecting principally to the posterior insula, and the spino-parabrachial pathway reaching the amygdalar nucleus. Interplay between the two systems underlies the sensory and emotional aspects of pain, and was explored here in humans with simultaneous recordings from the amygdala, posterior and anterior insulae. Onsets of thermo-nociceptive responses were virtually identical in the posterior insula and the amygdalar complex, but no significant functional connectivity was detected between them using coherence analysis. Anterior insular sectors responded with ~30 ms delay relative to both the posterior insula and the amygdala. While intra-insular functional correlation was significant during the whole analysis period, coherence between the anterior insula and the amygdala became significant after 700 ms of processing. Phase lags indicated information transfer initially directed from the amygdalar complex to the insula. Parallel but independent activation of sensory and limbic nociceptive networks appear to converge in the anterior insula in less than one second. While the anterior insula is often considered as providing input into the limbic system, our results underscore its reverse role, i.e., receiving and integrating very rapidly limbic with sensory input, to initiate a perceptual decision on the stimulus 'painfulness'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bastuji
- Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) Lab - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028; CNRS. UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard, Bron, F-69677, France.
- Unité d'Hypnologie, Service de Neurologie Fonctionnelle et d'Épileptologie, Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, F-69677, France.
| | - Maud Frot
- Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) Lab - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028; CNRS. UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard, Bron, F-69677, France
| | - Caroline Perchet
- Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) Lab - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028; CNRS. UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard, Bron, F-69677, France
| | - Koichi Hagiwara
- Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) Lab - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028; CNRS. UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard, Bron, F-69677, France
| | - Luis Garcia-Larrea
- Central Integration of Pain (NeuroPain) Lab - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028; CNRS. UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard, Bron, F-69677, France
- Centre d'évaluation et de traitement de la douleur, Hôpital Neurologique, Lyon, France
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109
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Thiaucourt M, Shabes P, Schloss N, Sack M, Baumgärtner U, Schmahl C, Ende G. Posterior Insular GABA Levels Inversely Correlate with the Intensity of Experimental Mechanical Pain in Healthy Subjects. Neuroscience 2018; 387:116-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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110
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Key B, Brown D. Designing Brains for Pain: Human to Mollusc. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1027. [PMID: 30127750 PMCID: PMC6088194 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that the "what it feels like" subjective experience of sensory stimuli arises in the cerebral cortex in both humans as well as mammalian experimental animal models. Humans are alone in their ability to verbally communicate their experience of the external environment. In other species, sensory awareness is extrapolated on the basis of behavioral indicators. For instance, cephalopods have been claimed to be sentient on the basis of their complex behavior and anecdotal reports of human-like intelligence. We have interrogated the findings of avoidance learning behavioral paradigms and classical brain lesion studies and conclude that there is no evidence for cephalopods feeling pain. This analysis highlighted the questionable nature of anthropometric assumptions about sensory experience with increased phylogenetic distance from humans. We contend that understanding whether invertebrates such as molluscs are sentient should first begin with defining the computational processes and neural circuitries underpinning subjective awareness. Using fundamental design principles, we advance the notion that subjective awareness is dependent on observer neural networks (networks that in some sense introspect the neural processing generating neural representations of sensory stimuli). This introspective process allows the observer network to create an internal model that predicts the neural processing taking place in the network being surveyed. Predictions arising from the internal model form the basis of a rudimentary form of awareness. We develop an algorithm built on parallel observer networks that generates multiple levels of sensory awareness. A network of cortical regions in the human brain has the appropriate functional properties and neural interconnectivity that is consistent with the predicted circuitry of the algorithm generating pain awareness. By contrast, the cephalopod brain lacks the necessary neural circuitry to implement such an algorithm. In conclusion, we find no compelling behavioral, functional, or neuroanatomical evidence to indicate that cephalopods feel pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Key
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Deborah Brown
- School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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111
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Anterior insula lesions and alexithymia reduce the endorsements of everyday altruistic attitudes. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:428-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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112
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Pain-Related Expectation and Prediction Error Signals in the Anterior Insula Are Not Related to Aversiveness. J Neurosci 2018; 38:6461-6474. [PMID: 29934355 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0671-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior insula has repeatedly been linked to the experience of aversive stimuli, such as pain. Previously, we showed that the anterior insula is involved in the integration of pain intensity and its prior expectation. However, it is unclear whether this integration occurs by a pain-specific expectation or a more general expectation of an aversive event. To dissociate these possibilities, we conducted an experiment using painful stimuli and aversive pictures with three levels of aversiveness on human male volunteers. Stimuli were preceded by a probabilistic, combined modality and intensity cue in a full factorial design. Subjective ratings of pain intensity and skin conductance responses were best explained by a combination of actual pain intensity and expected pain intensity. In addition, using fMRI, we investigated the neuronal implementation of the integration of prior expectation and pain intensity. Similar to subjective ratings and autonomic responses, the dorsal anterior insula represented pain intensity and expectations. The ventral anterior insula additionally represented the absolute difference of the two terms (i.e., the prediction error). The posterior insula only represented pain intensity. Importantly, the pattern observed in the anterior insula was only present if the cued modality was correct (i.e., expect pain); in case of an incorrect modality cue (i.e., expect aversive picture), the ventral anterior insula simply represented pain intensity. The stimulus expectation and prediction error specificity in the ventral anterior insula indicates the integration of expectation with painful stimuli in this area. Importantly, this pattern cannot be explained by aversiveness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The anterior insula has been shown to integrate pain intensity and their expectation. However, it is unclear whether this integration is pain-specific or related more generally to an aversive event. To address this, we combined painful stimuli and aversive pictures with three levels of aversiveness. The ventral anterior insula represented pain intensity, expectation, and their absolute difference (i.e., the prediction error). Importantly, this pattern was only observed if the cued modality was correct. In case of an incorrect modality cue, this area simply represented as pain intensity. The stimulus expectation and prediction error specificity in the ventral anterior insula indicates the integration of expectation with painful stimuli in this area. Importantly, this pattern cannot be explained by aversiveness.
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113
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Jung WM, Ryu Y, Park HJ, Lee H, Chae Y. Brain activation during the expectations of sensory experience for cutaneous electrical stimulation. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:982-989. [PMID: 30003035 PMCID: PMC6039842 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain actively interprets sensory inputs by integrating top-down and bottom-up information. Humans can make inferences on somatosensation based on prior experiences and expectations even without the actual stimulation. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural substrates of the expectations of the sensory experience of cutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoint without actual stimuli. This study included 22 participants who wore sticker-type electrodes attached on three different acupoints on different body regions: CV17 (chest), CV23 (chin), and left PC6 (arm). Participants evaluated de qi sensations after they expected electrical stimulation on those points in random order without actual stimulation. All stimuli were presented with corresponding visual information of the stimulation sites. The control condition included the same visual information but outside the body. The expectations of cutaneous electrical stimuli without actual stimulation on three acupoints resulted in greater de qi sensation compared to the control condition. Cognitive components of cutaneous electrical stimulation exhibited greater brain activation in the anterior insula, pre-supplementary motor area, and secondary somatosensory area. The expectations of acupuncture stimulation exhibited a distinct experience of somatosensation as well as brain activations in insula and pre-supplementary motor area. Our findings suggest that the sensory experience of the pseudo-cutaneous stimulation may be derived from the predictive role of the salience network in monitoring internal and external body states. The pseudo-cutaneous stimulation can elicit remarkable somatic sensations. Insula and pre-SMA are involved in the expectations of sensory experience. Somatic sensation from pseudo-stimulation is influenced by top-down information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Jung
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Ryu
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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114
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Ghaziri J, Tucholka A, Girard G, Boucher O, Houde JC, Descoteaux M, Obaid S, Gilbert G, Rouleau I, Nguyen DK. Subcortical structural connectivity of insular subregions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8596. [PMID: 29872212 PMCID: PMC5988839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidden beneath the Sylvian fissure and sometimes considered as the fifth lobe of the brain, the insula plays a multi-modal role from its strategic location. Previous structural studies have reported cortico-cortical connections with the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, but only a few have looked at its connections with subcortical structures. The insular cortex plays a role in a wide range of functions including processing of visceral and somatosensory inputs, olfaction, audition, language, motivation, craving, addiction and emotions such as pain, empathy and disgust. These functions implicate numerous subcortical structures, as suggested by various functional studies. Based on these premises, we explored the structural connectivity of insular ROIs with the thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens. More precisely, we were interested in unraveling the specific areas of the insula connected to these subcortical structures. By using state-of-the-art HARDI tractography algorithm, we explored here the subcortical connectivity of the insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ghaziri
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Girard
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada.,Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Houde
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Sami Obaid
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | | | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada. .,Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Qc, Canada.
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115
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Obaid S, Tucholka A, Ghaziri J, Jodoin PM, Morency F, Descoteaux M, Bouthillier A, Nguyen DK. Cortical thickness analysis in operculo-insular epilepsy. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:727-733. [PMID: 30003025 PMCID: PMC6040575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), advanced neuroimaging techniques reveal anomalies extending beyond the temporal lobe such as thinning of fronto-central cortices. Operculo-insular epilepsy (OIE) is an under-recognized and poorly characterized condition with the potential of mimicking TLE. In this work, we investigated insular and extra-insular cortical thickness (CT) changes in OIE. Methods All participants (14 patients with refractory OIE, 9 age- and sex-matched patients with refractory TLE and 26 healthy controls) underwent a T1-weighted acquisition on a 3 T MRI. Anatomical images were processed with Advanced Normalization Tools. Between-group analysis of CT was performed using a two-sided t-test (threshold of p < 0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons; cut-off threshold of 250 voxels) between (i) patients with OIE vs TLE, and (ii) patients with OIE vs healthy controls. Results Significant widespread thinning was observed in OIE patients as compared with healthy controls mainly in the ipsilateral insula, peri-rolandic region, orbito-frontal area, mesiotemporal structures and lateral temporal neocortex. Contralateral cortical shrinkage followed a similar albeit milder and less diffuse pattern.The CT of OIE patients was equal or reduced relative to the TLE group for every cortical region analyzed. Thinning was observed diffusely in OIE patients, predominantly inboth insulae and the ipsilateral occipito-temporal area. Conclusion Our results reveal structural anomalies extending beyond the operculo-insular area in OIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Obaid
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- Barcelona Beta Brain Research Center, Foundation Pasqual Maragall, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jimmy Ghaziri
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Marc Jodoin
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Félix Morency
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Bouthillier
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dang K Nguyen
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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116
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Leong JK, MacNiven KH, Samanez-Larkin GR, Knutson B. Distinct neural circuits support incentivized inhibition. Neuroimage 2018; 178:435-444. [PMID: 29803959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to inhibit responses under high stakes, or "incentivized inhibition," is critical for adaptive impulse control. While previous research indicates that right ventrolateral prefrontal cortical (VLPFC) activity plays a key role in response inhibition, less research has addressed how incentives might influence this circuit. By combining a novel behavioral task, functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), we targeted and characterized specific neural circuits that support incentivized inhibition. Behaviorally, large incentives enhanced responses to obtain money, but also reduced response inhibition. Functionally, activity in both right VLPFC and right anterior insula (AIns) predicted successful inhibition for high incentives. Structurally, characterization of a novel white-matter tract connecting the right AIns and VLPFC revealed an association of tract coherence with incentivized inhibition performance. Finally, individual differences in right VLPFC activity statistically mediated the association of right AIns-VLPFC tract coherence with incentivized inhibition performance. These multimodal findings bridge brain structure, brain function, and behavior to clarify how individuals can inhibit impulses, even in the face of high stakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah K Leong
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2025, USA
| | - Kelly H MacNiven
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2025, USA; Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2025, USA
| | | | - Brian Knutson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2025, USA; Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2025, USA.
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117
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Ziegler JC, Montant M, Briesemeister BB, Brink TT, Wicker B, Ponz A, Bonnard M, Jacobs AM, Braun M. Do Words Stink? Neural Reuse as a Principle for Understanding Emotions in Reading. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:1023-1032. [PMID: 29668395 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
How do we understand the emotional content of written words? Here, we investigate the hypothesis that written words that carry emotions are processed through phylogenetically ancient neural circuits that are involved in the processing of the very same emotions in nonlanguage contexts. This hypothesis was tested with respect to disgust. In an fMRI experiment, it was found that the same region of the left anterior insula responded whether people observed facial expressions of disgust or whether they read words with disgusting content. In a follow-up experiment, it was found that repetitive TMS over the left insula in comparison with a control site interfered with the processing of disgust words to a greater extent than with the processing of neutral words. Together, the results support the hypothesis that the affective processes we experience when reading rely on the reuse of phylogenetically ancient brain structures that process basic emotions in other domains and species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Braun
- University of Salzburg and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience
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118
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119
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Connectopic mapping with resting-state fMRI. Neuroimage 2018; 170:83-94. [PMID: 28666880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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120
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Keller SS, Roberts N, Baker G, Sluming V, Cezayirli E, Mayes A, Eldridge P, Marson AG, Wieshmann UC. A voxel-based asymmetry study of the relationship between hemispheric asymmetry and language dominance in Wada tested patients. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3032-3045. [PMID: 29569808 PMCID: PMC6055618 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the anatomical basis of hemispheric language dominance (HLD) remains an important scientific endeavor. The Wada test remains the gold standard test for HLD and provides a unique opportunity to determine the relationship between HLD and hemispheric structural asymmetries on MRI. In this study, we applied a whole‐brain voxel‐based asymmetry (VBA) approach to determine the relationship between interhemispheric structural asymmetries and HLD in a large consecutive sample of Wada tested patients. Of 135 patients, 114 (84.4%) had left HLD, 10 (7.4%) right HLD, and 11 (8.2%) bilateral language representation. Fifty‐four controls were also studied. Right‐handed controls and right‐handed patients with left HLD had comparable structural brain asymmetries in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar regions that have previously been documented in healthy people. However, these patients and controls differed in structural asymmetry of the mesial temporal lobe and a circumscribed region in the superior temporal gyrus, suggesting that only asymmetries of these regions were due to brain alterations caused by epilepsy. Additional comparisons between patients with left and right HLD, matched for type and location of epilepsy, revealed that structural asymmetries of insula, pars triangularis, inferior temporal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, ventral temporo‐occipital cortex, mesial somatosensory cortex, and mesial cerebellum were significantly associated with the side of HLD. Patients with right HLD and bilateral language representation were significantly less right‐handed. These results suggest that structural asymmetries of an insular‐fronto‐temporal network may be related to HLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Keller
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Roberts
- Edinburgh Imaging, The Queens Medical Research Institute (QMRI), School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gus Baker
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Sluming
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Enis Cezayirli
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mayes
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Eldridge
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Marson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Udo C Wieshmann
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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121
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Ghaziri J, Tucholka A, Girard G, Houde JC, Boucher O, Gilbert G, Descoteaux M, Lippé S, Rainville P, Nguyen DK. The Corticocortical Structural Connectivity of the Human Insula. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1216-1228. [PMID: 26683170 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insula is a complex structure involved in a wide range of functions. Tracing studies on nonhuman primates reveal a wide array of cortical connections in the frontal (orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortices, cingulate areas and supplementary motor area), parietal (primary and secondary somatosensory cortices) and temporal (temporal pole, auditory, prorhinal and entorhinal cortices) lobes. However, recent human tractography studies have not observed connections between the insula and the cingulate cortices, although these structures are thought to be functionally intimately connected. In this work, we try to unravel the structural connectivity between these regions and other known functionally connected structures, benefiting from a higher number of subjects and the latest state-of-the-art high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) tractography algorithms with anatomical priors. By performing an HARDI tractography analysis on 46 young normal adults, our study reveals a wide array of connections between the insula and the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes as well as limbic regions, with a rostro-caudal organization in line with tracing studies in macaques. Notably, we reveal for the first time in humans a clear structural connectivity between the insula and the cingulate, parahippocampal, supramarginal and angular gyri as well as the precuneus and occipital regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ghaziri
- Département de Neurosciences.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Tucholka
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Département de Radiologie, CHUM hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Girard
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Houde
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Centre de recherche du CHU Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de Psychologie.,Département de Stomatologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Département de Neurosciences.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Service de Neurologie, CHUM Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, QC, Canada
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122
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Tittgemeyer M, Rigoux L, Knösche TR. Cortical parcellation based on structural connectivity: A case for generative models. Neuroimage 2018; 173:592-603. [PMID: 29407457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in systems neuroscience is to identify brain networks and unravel their significance for brain function -this has led to the concept of the 'connectome'. Connectomes are currently extensively studied in large-scale international efforts at multiple scales, and follow different definitions with respect to their connections as well as their elements. Perhaps the most promising avenue for defining the elements of connectomes originates from the notion that individual brain areas maintain distinct (long-range) connection profiles. These connectivity patterns determine the areas' functional properties and also allow for their anatomical delineation and mapping. This rationale has motivated the concept of connectivity-based cortex parcellation. In the past ten years, non-invasive mapping of human brain connectivity has led to immense advances in the development of parcellation techniques and their applications. Unfortunately, many of these approaches primarily aim for confirmation of well-known, existing architectonic maps and, to that end, unsuitably incorporate prior knowledge and frequently build on circular argumentation. Often, current approaches also tend to disregard the specific apertures of connectivity measurements, as well as the anatomical specificities of cortical areas, such as spatial compactness, regional heterogeneity, inter-subject variability, the multi-scaling nature of connectivity information, and potential hierarchical organisation. From a methodological perspective, however, a useful framework that regards all of these aspects in an unbiased way is technically demanding. In this commentary, we first outline the concept of connectivity-based cortex parcellation and discuss its prospects and limitations in particular with respect to structural connectivity. To improve reliability and efficiency, we then strongly advocate for connectivity-based cortex parcellation as a modelling approach; that is, an approximation of the data based on (model) parameter inference. As such, a parcellation algorithm can be formally tested for robustness -the precision of its predictions can be quantified and statistics about potential generalization of the results can be derived. Such a framework also allows the question of model constraints to be reformulated in terms of hypothesis testing through model selection and offers a formative way to integrate anatomical knowledge in terms of prior distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel Rigoux
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas R Knösche
- Max-Planck-Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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123
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Jeong JW, Asano E, Juhász C, Behen ME, Chugani HT. Postoperative axonal changes in the contralateral hemisphere in children with medically refractory epilepsy: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging connectome analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 37:3946-3956. [PMID: 27312605 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine brain plasticity changes due to resective epilepsy surgery in children, we performed a longitudinal connectome analysis on the pattern of axonal connectivity in the contralateral hemisphere. Pre- and postoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired from 35 children with intractable focal epilepsy. A total of 54 brain regions of interest (ROIs) were generated in the hemisphere contralateral to the resection. Within a 54 × 54 connectivity matrix, a pairwise connectivity score was calculated for each connection between two ROIs, based on the DTI fiber streamline number in each connection. A permuted Spearman's ρ-rank analysis was used to identify specific inter-regional connections showing a significant association between the postoperative change of connectivity score and clinical variables. Nineteen connections in the contralateral hemisphere showed postoperative increases in the strength of connectivity. Postoperative increase in connectivity between insular-inferior frontal operculum regions as well as that between superior frontal orbital and mid frontal orbital regions were both significantly associated with a larger surgical resection volume (ρ > +0.40) and a younger patient age (ρ > -0.34). These increases were more robust in patients with frontal resection and in those achieving seizure freedom. Neuropsychological evaluation on subsets of patients revealed that such increases in connectivity were associated with preserved or improved cognitive functions such as visual memory and planning. Resective epilepsy surgery may lead to increased contralateral axonal connectivity in children with focal epilepsy. Our data lead to a hypothesis that such increased connectivity may be an imaging marker of postoperative brain plasticity to compensate for cognitive function. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3946-3956, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Jeong
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. .,Translational Imaging Laboratory, PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Eishi Asano
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Translational Imaging Laboratory, PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Csaba Juhász
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Translational Imaging Laboratory, PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael E Behen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Translational Imaging Laboratory, PET Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Harry T Chugani
- Department of Neurology, Nemours DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware.,Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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124
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Zhang Y, Zhou W, Wang S, Zhou Q, Wang H, Zhang B, Huang J, Hong B, Wang X. The Roles of Subdivisions of Human Insula in Emotion Perception and Auditory Processing. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:517-528. [PMID: 29342237 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bingqing Zhang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bo Hong
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence (THBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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125
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Chand GB, Wu J, Hajjar I, Qiu D. Interactions of Insula Subdivisions-Based Networks with Default-Mode and Central-Executive Networks in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:367. [PMID: 29170635 PMCID: PMC5684105 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the brain networks and subnetworks are crucial for active and resting cognitive states. Whether a subnetwork can restore the adequate function of the parent network whenever a disease state affects the parent network is unclear. Investigations suggest that the control of the anterior insula-based network (AIN) over the default-mode network (DMN) and central-executive network (CEN) is decreased in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Here, we hypothesized that the posterior insula-based network (PIN) attempts to compensate for this decrease. To test this, we compared a group of MCI and normal cognitive individuals. A dynamical causal modeling method has been employed to investigate the dynamic network controls/modulations. We used the resting state functional MRI data, and assessed the interactions of the AIN and of the PIN, respectively, over the DMN and CEN. We found that the greater control of AIN than that of DMN (Wilcoxon rank sum: Z = 1.987; p = 0.047) and CEN (Z = 3.076; p = 0.002) in normal group and the lower (impaired) control of AIN than that of CEN (Z = 8.602; p = 7.816 × 10-18). We further revealed that the PIN control was significantly higher than that of DMN (Z = 6.608; p = 3.888 × 10-11) and CEN (Z = 6.429; p = 1.278 × 10-10) in MCI group where the AIN was impaired, but that control was significantly lower than of DMN (Z = 5.285; p = 1.254 × 10-7) and CEN (Z = 5.404; p = 6.513 × 10-8) in normal group. Finally, the global cognitive test score assessed using Montreal cognitive assessment and the network modulations were correlated (Spearman's correlation: r = 0.47; p = 3.76 × 10-5 and r = -0.43; p = 1.97 × 10-4). These findings might suggest the flexible functional profiles of AIN and PIN in normal aging and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh B Chand
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Deqiang Qiu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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126
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Vicario CM, Rafal RD, Borgomaneri S, Paracampo R, Kritikos A, Avenanti A. Pictures of disgusting foods and disgusted facial expressions suppress the tongue motor cortex. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:352-362. [PMID: 27614770 PMCID: PMC5390717 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue holds a unique role in gustatory disgust. However, it is unclear whether the tongue representation in the motor cortex (tM1) is affected by the sight of distaste-related stimuli. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in healthy humans, we recorded tongue motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) as an index of tM1 cortico-hypoglossal excitability. MEPs were recorded while participants viewed pictures associated with gustatory disgust and revulsion (i.e. rotten foods and faces expressing distaste), non-oral-related disgusting stimuli (i.e. invertebrates like worms) and control stimuli. We found that oral-related disgust pictures suppressed tM1 cortico-hypoglossal output. This tM1 suppression was predicted by interindividual differences in disgust sensitivity. No similar suppression was found for disgusting invertebrates or when MEPs were recorded from a control muscle. These findings suggest that revulsion-eliciting food pictures trigger anticipatory inhibition mechanisms, possibly preventing toxin swallowing and contamination. A similar suppression is elicited when viewing distaste expressions, suggesting vicarious motor inhibition during social perception of disgust. Our study suggests an avoidant-defensive mechanism in human cortico-hypoglossal circuits and its ‘resonant’ activation in the vicarious experience of others’ distaste. These findings support a role for the motor system in emotion-driven motor anticipation and social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo M Vicario
- Wolfson Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Robert D Rafal
- Wolfson Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Sara Borgomaneri
- Department of Psychology and Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma 00179, Italy
| | - Riccardo Paracampo
- Department of Psychology and Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy
| | - Ada Kritikos
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, McElwain Building, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Department of Psychology and Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena 47521, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma 00179, Italy
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127
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Greven IM, Ramsey R. Neural network integration during the perception of in-group and out-group members. Neuropsychologia 2017; 106:225-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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128
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Ge R, Blumberger DM, Downar J, Daskalakis ZJ, Tham JC, Lam RW, Vila-Rodriguez F. A sparse representation-based method for parcellation of the resting brain and its application to treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 290:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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129
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Chand GB, Wu J, Hajjar I, Qiu D. Interactions of the Salience Network and Its Subsystems with the Default-Mode and the Central-Executive Networks in Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Brain Connect 2017; 7:401-412. [PMID: 28707959 PMCID: PMC5647507 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations suggest that the intrinsically organized large-scale networks and the interaction between them might be crucial for cognitive activities. A triple network model, which consists of the default-mode network, salience network, and central-executive network, has been recently used to understand the connectivity patterns of the cognitively normal brains versus the brains with disorders. This model suggests that the salience network dynamically controls the default-mode and central-executive networks in healthy young individuals. However, the patterns of interactions have remained largely unknown in healthy aging or those with cognitive decline. In this study, we assess the patterns of interactions between the three networks using dynamical causal modeling in resting state fMRI data and compare them between subjects with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In healthy elderly subjects, our analysis showed that the salience network, especially its dorsal subnetwork, modulates the interaction between the default-mode network and the central-executive network (Mann-Whitney U test; p < 0.05), which was consistent with the pattern of interaction reported in young adults. In contrast, this pattern of modulation by salience network was disrupted in MCI (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the degree of disruption in salience network control correlated significantly with lower overall cognitive performance measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = 0.295; p < 0.05). This study suggests that a disruption of the salience network control, especially the dorsal salience network, over other networks provides a neuronal basis for cognitive decline and may be a candidate neuroimaging biomarker of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh B. Chand
- Division of Geriatrics and General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Division of Geriatrics and General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Neurology, Emory Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deqiang Qiu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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130
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131
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Insular atrophy at the prodromal stage of dementia with Lewy bodies: a VBM DARTEL study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9437. [PMID: 28842567 PMCID: PMC5573371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse atrophy including the insula was previously demonstrated in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients but little is known about the prodromal stage of DLB (pro-DLB). In this prospective study, we used SPM8-DARTEL to measure gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) atrophy in pro-DLB patients (n = 54), prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (pro-AD) patients (n = 16), DLB patients at the stage of dementia (mild-DLB) (n = 15), and Alzheimer’s disease patients at the stage of dementia (mild-AD) (n = 28), and compared them with healthy elderly controls (HC, n = 22). Diminished GM volumes were found in bilateral insula in pro-DLB patients, a trend to significance in right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in pro-AD patients, in left insula in mild-DLB patients, and in medial temporal lobes and insula in mild-AD patients. The comparison between prodromal groups did not showed any differences. The comparison between groups with dementia revealed atrophy around the left middle temporal gyrus in mild-AD patients. Reduced WM volume was observed in mild-DLB in the pons. The insula seems to be a key region in DLB as early as the prodromal stage. MRI studies looking at perfusion, and functional and anatomical connectivity are now needed to better understand the role of this region in DLB.
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Zerouali Y, Ghaziri J, Nguyen DK. Multimodal investigation of epileptic networks: The case of insular cortex epilepsy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 226:1-33. [PMID: 27323937 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The insula is a deep cortical structure sharing extensive synaptic connections with a variety of brain regions, including several frontal, temporal, and parietal structures. The identification of the insular connectivity network is obviously valuable for understanding a number of cognitive processes, but also for understanding epilepsy since insular seizures involve a number of remote brain regions. Ultimately, knowledge of the structure and causal relationships within the epileptic networks associated with insular cortex epilepsy can offer deeper insights into this relatively neglected type of epilepsy enabling the refining of the clinical approach in managing patients affected by it. In the present chapter, we first review the multimodal noninvasive tests performed during the presurgical evaluation of epileptic patients with drug refractory focal epilepsy, with particular emphasis on their value for the detection of insular cortex epilepsy. Second, we review the emerging multimodal investigation techniques in the field of epilepsy, that aim to (1) enhance the detection of insular cortex epilepsy and (2) unveil the architecture and causal relationships within epileptic networks. We summarize the results of these approaches with emphasis on the specific case of insular cortex epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zerouali
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Ghaziri
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D K Nguyen
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; CHUM-Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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133
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Uddin LQ, Nomi JS, Hebert-Seropian B, Ghaziri J, Boucher O. Structure and Function of the Human Insula. J Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 34:300-306. [PMID: 28644199 PMCID: PMC6032992 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 632] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex, or "Island of Reil," is hidden deep within the lateral sulcus of the brain. Subdivisions within the insula have been identified on the basis of cytoarchitectonics, sulcal landmarks, and connectivity. Depending on the parcellation technique used, the insula can be divided into anywhere between 2 and 13 distinct subdivisions. The insula subserves a wide variety of functions in humans ranging from sensory and affective processing to high-level cognition. Here, we provide a concise summary of known structural and functional features of the human insular cortex with a focus on lesion case studies and recent neuroimaging evidence for considerable functional heterogeneity of this brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucina Q. Uddin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA 33124
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA 33136
| | - Jason S. Nomi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA 33124
| | | | - Jimmy Ghaziri
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucher
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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134
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Coynel D, Gschwind L, Fastenrath M, Freytag V, Milnik A, Spalek K, Papassotiropoulos A, de Quervain DJF. Picture free recall performance linked to the brain's structural connectome. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00721. [PMID: 28729929 PMCID: PMC5516597 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Memory functions are highly variable between healthy humans. The neural correlates of this variability remain largely unknown. METHODS Here, we investigated how differences in free recall performance are associated with DTI-based properties of the brain's structural connectome and with grey matter volumes in 664 healthy young individuals tested in the same MR scanner. RESULTS Global structural connectivity, but not overall or regional grey matter volumes, positively correlated with recall performance. Moreover, a set of 22 inter-regional connections, including some with no previously reported relation to human memory, such as the connection between the temporal pole and the nucleus accumbens, explained 7.8% of phenotypic variance. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this large-scale study indicates that individual memory performance is associated with the level of structural brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Coynel
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Leo Gschwind
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Molecular Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias Fastenrath
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Virginie Freytag
- Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Molecular Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Annette Milnik
- Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Molecular Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Psychiatric University Clinics University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Klara Spalek
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Molecular Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Psychiatric University Clinics University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Department Biozentrum Life Sciences Training Facility University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Dominique J-F de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Psychology University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Psychiatric University Clinics University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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135
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Yu ZB, Lv YB, Song LH, Liu DH, Huang XL, Hu XY, Zuo ZW, Wang Y, Yang Q, Peng J, Zhou ZH, Li HT. Functional Connectivity Differences in the Insular Sub-regions in Migraine without Aura: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:124. [PMID: 28701932 PMCID: PMC5487515 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate resting-state functional connectivity (FC) differences in insular sub-regions during the interictal phase in patients with migraine without aura (MWoA). Methods: Forty-nine MWoA patients (MWoA group) and 48 healthy individuals (healthy control group) were recruited for this study. All of the subjects underwent neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI data were processed using Brat 1.0 software to obtain a whole-brain FC diagram and using Rest 1.8 software to obtain the FC z-score of the sub-regions of both insulas (six sub-regions on each side). Therefore, there were a total of 12 regions of interest (ROIs) that were used as seed points for the statistical analysis. Results: There was abnormal FC between the insular sub-regions and multiple brain regions in the MWoA patients compared with the healthy control group, and a clear laterality was also observed. In addition, the FC z-score of certain sub-regions was negatively correlated with the disease duration. Conclusion: Different insular sub-regions are functionally associated with different regions of the brain and therefore have different functions. In MWoA, the FC between the insular sub-regions and other brain regions was mostly reduced, while a small amount was increased; additionally, the FC may be ipsilateral with a right-side advantage. Variations in the FC of insular sub-regions can be observed as an important indicator of MWoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, PLA No.324 HospitalChongqing, China
| | - Yan-Bing Lv
- Department of General Surgery, PLA No.324 HospitalChongqing, China
| | - Ling-Heng Song
- Department of Medical Imaging, PLA No.324 HospitalChongqing, China
| | - Dai-Hong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xue-Ling Huang
- Department of Nursing, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical CollegeChongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zuo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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136
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Geuter S, Boll S, Eippert F, Büchel C. Functional dissociation of stimulus intensity encoding and predictive coding of pain in the insula. eLife 2017; 6:e24770. [PMID: 28524817 PMCID: PMC5470871 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The computational principles by which the brain creates a painful experience from nociception are still unknown. Classic theories suggest that cortical regions either reflect stimulus intensity or additive effects of intensity and expectations, respectively. By contrast, predictive coding theories provide a unified framework explaining how perception is shaped by the integration of beliefs about the world with mismatches resulting from the comparison of these beliefs against sensory input. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging during a probabilistic heat pain paradigm, we investigated which computations underlie pain perception. Skin conductance, pupil dilation, and anterior insula responses to cued pain stimuli strictly followed the response patterns hypothesized by the predictive coding model, whereas posterior insula encoded stimulus intensity. This novel functional dissociation of pain processing within the insula together with previously observed alterations in chronic pain offer a novel interpretation of aberrant pain processing as disturbed weighting of predictions and prediction errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Geuter
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States
| | - Sabrina Boll
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Eippert
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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137
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A graded tractographic parcellation of the temporal lobe. Neuroimage 2017; 155:503-512. [PMID: 28411156 PMCID: PMC5518769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal lobe has been implicated in multiple cognitive domains through lesion studies as well as cognitive neuroimaging research. There has been a recent increased interest in the structural and connective architecture that underlies these functions. However there has not yet been a comprehensive exploration of the patterns of connectivity that appear across the temporal lobe. This article uses a data driven, spectral reordering approach in order to understand the general axes of structural connectivity within the temporal lobe. Two important findings emerge from the study. Firstly, the temporal lobe's overarching patterns of connectivity are organised along two key structural axes: medial to lateral and anteroventral to posterodorsal, mirroring findings in the functional literature. Secondly, the connective organisation of the temporal lobe is graded and transitional; this is reminiscent of the original work of 19th Century neuroanatomists, who posited the existence of some regions which transitioned between one another in a graded fashion. While regions with unique connectivity exist, the boundaries between these are not always sharp. Instead there are zones of graded connectivity reflecting the influence and overlap of shared connectivity. A graded parcellation identified changes in connectivity across the temporal lobe Connective organisation of the temporal lobe was graded and transitional Two axes of organisation were found: medial-lateral and anterovental-posterodorsal While regions of distinct connectivity exist, their boundaries are not always sharp Zones of graded connectivity exist reflecting influence of shared connectivity
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138
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Faillenot I, Heckemann RA, Frot M, Hammers A. Macroanatomy and 3D probabilistic atlas of the human insula. Neuroimage 2017; 150:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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139
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Torta D, Legrain V, Mouraux A, Valentini E. Attention to pain! A neurocognitive perspective on attentional modulation of pain in neuroimaging studies. Cortex 2017; 89:120-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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140
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Borra E, Gerbella M, Rozzi S, Luppino G. The macaque lateral grasping network: A neural substrate for generating purposeful hand actions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 75:65-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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141
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A spectroscopic approach toward depression diagnosis: local metabolism meets functional connectivity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:95-105. [PMID: 27561792 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal anterior insula (AI) response and functional connectivity (FC) is associated with depression. In addition to clinical features, such as severity, AI FC and its metabolism further predicted therapeutic response. Abnormal FC between anterior cingulate and AI covaried with reduced glutamate level within cingulate cortex. Recently, deficient glial glutamate conversion was found in AI in major depression disorder (MDD). We therefore postulate a local glutamatergic mechanism in insula cortex of depressive patients, which is correlated with symptoms severity and itself influences AI's network connectivity in MDD. Twenty-five MDD patients and 25 healthy controls (HC) matched on age and sex underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans. To determine the role of local glutamate-glutamine complex (Glx) ratio on whole brain AI FC, we conducted regression analysis with Glx relative to creatine (Cr) ratio as factor of interest and age, sex, and voxel tissue composition as nuisance factors. We found that in MDD, but not in HC, AI Glx/Cr ratio correlated positively with AI FC to right supramarginal gyrus and negatively with AI FC toward left occipital cortex (p < 0.05 family wise error). AI Glx/Cr level was negatively correlated with HAMD score (p < 0.05) in MDD patients. We showed that the local AI ratio of glutamatergic-creatine metabolism is an underlying candidate subserving functional network disintegration of insula toward low level and supramodal integration areas, in MDD. While causality cannot directly be inferred from such correlation, our finding helps to define a multilevel network of response-predicting regions based on local metabolism and connectivity strength.
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142
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Yang J, Yin Y, Svob C, Long J, He X, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Li L, Liu J, Dong J, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Yuan Y. Amygdala Atrophy and Its Functional Disconnection with the Cortico-Striatal-Pallidal-Thalamic Circuit in Major Depressive Disorder in Females. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168239. [PMID: 28107446 PMCID: PMC5249227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is approximately twice as common in females than males. Furthermore, female patients with MDD tend to manifest comorbid anxiety. Few studies have explored the potential anatomical and functional brain changes associated with MDD in females. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the anatomical and functional changes underlying MDD in females, especially within the context of comorbid anxiety. Methods In this study, we recruited antidepressant-free females with MDD (N = 35) and healthy female controls (HC; N = 23). The severity of depression and anxiety were evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), respectively. Structural and resting-state functional images were acquired on a Siemens 3.0 Tesla scanner. We compared the structural volumetric differences between patients and HC with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses. Seed-based voxel-wise correlative analyses were used to identify abnormal functional connectivity. Regions with structural deficits showed a significant correlation between gray matter (GM) volume and clinical variables that were selected as seeds. Furthermore, voxel-wise functional connectivity analyses were applied to identify the abnormal connectivity relevant to seed in the MDD group. Results Decreased GM volume in patients was observed in the insula, putamen, amygdala, lingual gyrus, and cerebellum. The right amygdala was selected as a seed to perform connectivity analyses, since its GM volume exhibited a significant correlation with the clinical anxiety scores. We detected regions with disrupted connectivity relevant to seed primarily within the cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit. Conclusions Amygdaloid atrophy, as well as decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit, appears to play a role in female MDD, especially in relation to comorbid anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Connie Svob
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jun Long
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaofu He
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yuqun Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jian Dong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (Y Y); (Z W); (Z Z)
| | - Zhishun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (Y Y); (Z W); (Z Z)
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- * E-mail: (Y Y); (Z W); (Z Z)
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143
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Gandhi W, Morrison I, Schweinhardt P. How Accurate Appraisal of Behavioral Costs and Benefits Guides Adaptive Pain Coping. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:103. [PMID: 28659834 PMCID: PMC5467009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coping with pain is a complex phenomenon encompassing a variety of behavioral responses and a large network of underlying neural circuits. Whether pain coping is adaptive or maladaptive depends on the type of pain (e.g., escapable or inescapable), personal factors (e.g., individual experiences with coping strategies in the past), and situational circumstances. Keeping these factors in mind, costs and benefits of different strategies have to be appraised and will guide behavioral decisions in the face of pain. In this review we present pain coping as an unconscious decision-making process during which accurately evaluated costs and benefits lead to adaptive pain coping behavior. We emphasize the importance of passive coping as an adaptive strategy when dealing with ongoing pain and thus go beyond the common view of passivity as a default state of helplessness. In combination with passive pain coping, we highlight the role of the reward system in reestablishing affective homeostasis and discuss existing evidence on a behavioral and neural level. We further present neural circuits involved in the decision-making process of pain coping when circumstances are ambiguous and, therefore, costs and benefits are difficult to anticipate. Finally, we address the wider implications of this topic by discussing its relevance for chronic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Gandhi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The Alan Edwards Center for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - India Morrison
- Center for Affective and Social Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Petra Schweinhardt
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The Alan Edwards Center for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Spinal Research Group, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Allen M, Friston KJ. From cognitivism to autopoiesis: towards a computational framework for the embodied mind. SYNTHESE 2016; 195:2459-2482. [PMID: 29887647 PMCID: PMC5972168 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-016-1288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Predictive processing (PP) approaches to the mind are increasingly popular in the cognitive sciences. This surge of interest is accompanied by a proliferation of philosophical arguments, which seek to either extend or oppose various aspects of the emerging framework. In particular, the question of how to position predictive processing with respect to enactive and embodied cognition has become a topic of intense debate. While these arguments are certainly of valuable scientific and philosophical merit, they risk underestimating the variety of approaches gathered under the predictive label. Here, we first present a basic review of neuroscientific, cognitive, and philosophical approaches to PP, to illustrate how these range from solidly cognitivist applications-with a firm commitment to modular, internalistic mental representation-to more moderate views emphasizing the importance of 'body-representations', and finally to those which fit comfortably with radically enactive, embodied, and dynamic theories of mind. Any nascent predictive processing theory (e.g., of attention or consciousness) must take into account this continuum of views, and associated theoretical commitments. As a final point, we illustrate how the Free Energy Principle (FEP) attempts to dissolve tension between internalist and externalist accounts of cognition, by providing a formal synthetic account of how internal 'representations' arise from autopoietic self-organization. The FEP thus furnishes empirically productive process theories (e.g., predictive processing) by which to guide discovery through the formal modelling of the embodied mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Allen
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Karl J. Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
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145
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Specific cerebellar and cortical degeneration correlates with ataxia severity in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 10:252-7. [PMID: 25917872 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is accompanied by loss of motor control and macular degeneration. Previous studies have shown cerebellar and pons atrophy as well as functional connectivity changes across the whole brain. Although different MRI modalities have been used to study the degenerative process, little is known about the relationship between the motor symptoms and cerebral atrophy. Twenty-four patients with molecular diagnosis of SCA7 where invited to participate in this study. Ataxia severity was evaluated using the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA). Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain images were used to obtain the grey matter volume of each participant. As expected, we found a significant negative correlation between the SARA score and the grey matter volume in distinct regions of the cerebellum in the patient group. Additionally, we found significant correlations between the ataxia degree and the degeneration of specific cortical areas in these patients. These findings provide a better understanding of the relationship between gray matter atrophy and ataxia related symptoms that result from the SCA7 mutation.
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146
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Borsook D, Veggeberg R, Erpelding N, Borra R, Linnman C, Burstein R, Becerra L. The Insula: A "Hub of Activity" in Migraine. Neuroscientist 2016; 22:632-652. [PMID: 26290446 PMCID: PMC5723020 DOI: 10.1177/1073858415601369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The insula, a "cortical hub" buried within the lateral sulcus, is involved in a number of processes including goal-directed cognition, conscious awareness, autonomic regulation, interoception, and somatosensation. While some of these processes are well known in the clinical presentation of migraine (i.e., autonomic and somatosensory alterations), other more complex behaviors in migraine, such as conscious awareness and error detection, are less well described. Since the insula processes and relays afferent inputs from brain areas involved in these functions to areas involved in higher cortical function such as frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, it may be implicated as a brain region that translates the signals of altered internal milieu in migraine, along with other chronic pain conditions, through the insula into complex behaviors. Here we review how the insula function and structure is altered in migraine. As a brain region of a number of brain functions, it may serve as a model to study new potential clinical perspectives for migraine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Borsook
- Pain/Analgesia Imaging Neuroscience (P.A.I.N.) Group, Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Rosanna Veggeberg
- Pain/Analgesia Imaging Neuroscience (P.A.I.N.) Group, Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Erpelding
- Pain/Analgesia Imaging Neuroscience (P.A.I.N.) Group, Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Borra
- Pain/Analgesia Imaging Neuroscience (P.A.I.N.) Group, Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Clas Linnman
- Pain/Analgesia Imaging Neuroscience (P.A.I.N.) Group, Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Rami Burstein
- Department of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lino Becerra
- Pain/Analgesia Imaging Neuroscience (P.A.I.N.) Group, Department of Anesthesia, Boston Children's Hospital, Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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147
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Dun WH, Yang J, Yang L, Ding D, Ma XY, Liang FL, von Deneen KM, Ma SH, Xu XL, Liu J, Zhang M. Abnormal structure and functional connectivity of the anterior insula at pain-free periovulation is associated with perceived pain during menstruation. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 11:1787-1795. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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148
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Schneider M, Hathway P, Leuchs L, Sämann PG, Czisch M, Spoormaker VI. Spontaneous pupil dilations during the resting state are associated with activation of the salience network. Neuroimage 2016; 139:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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149
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Lee A, Tan M, Qiu A. Distinct Aging Effects on Functional Networks in Good and Poor Cognitive Performers. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:215. [PMID: 27667972 PMCID: PMC5016512 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain network hubs are susceptible to normal aging processes and disruptions of their functional connectivity are detrimental to decline in cognitive functions in older adults. However, it remains unclear how the functional connectivity of network hubs cope with cognitive heterogeneity in an aging population. This study utilized cognitive and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, cluster analysis, and graph network analysis to examine age-related alterations in the network hubs’ functional connectivity of good and poor cognitive performers. Our results revealed that poor cognitive performers showed age-dependent disruptions in the functional connectivity of the right insula and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), while good cognitive performers showed age-related disruptions in the functional connectivity of the left insula and PCC. Additionally, the left PCC had age-related declines in the functional connectivity with the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Most interestingly, good cognitive performers showed age-related declines in the functional connectivity of the left insula and PCC with their right homotopic structures. These results may provide insights of neuronal correlates for understanding individual differences in aging. In particular, our study suggests prominent protection roles of the left insula and PCC and bilateral ACC in good performers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingzhen Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Center, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and ResearchSingapore, Singapore
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150
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Structural Organization of the Laryngeal Motor Cortical Network and Its Implication for Evolution of Speech Production. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4170-81. [PMID: 27076417 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3914-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) is essential for the production of learned vocal behaviors because bilateral damage to this area renders humans unable to speak but has no apparent effect on innate vocalizations such as human laughing and crying or monkey calls. Several hypotheses have been put forward attempting to explain the evolutionary changes from monkeys to humans that potentially led to enhanced LMC functionality for finer motor control of speech production. These views, however, remain limited to the position of the larynx area within the motor cortex, as well as its connections with the phonatory brainstem regions responsible for the direct control of laryngeal muscles. Using probabilistic diffusion tractography in healthy humans and rhesus monkeys, we show that, whereas the LMC structural network is largely comparable in both species, the LMC establishes nearly 7-fold stronger connectivity with the somatosensory and inferior parietal cortices in humans than in macaques. These findings suggest that important "hard-wired" components of the human LMC network controlling the laryngeal component of speech motor output evolved from an already existing, similar network in nonhuman primates. However, the evolution of enhanced LMC-parietal connections likely allowed for more complex synchrony of higher-order sensorimotor coordination, proprioceptive and tactile feedback, and modulation of learned voice for speech production. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The role of the primary motor cortex in the formation of a comprehensive network controlling speech and language has been long underestimated and poorly studied. Here, we provide comparative and quantitative evidence for the significance of this region in the control of a highly learned and uniquely human behavior: speech production. From the viewpoint of structural network organization, we discuss potential evolutionary advances of enhanced temporoparietal cortical connections with the laryngeal motor cortex in humans compared with nonhuman primates that may have contributed to the development of finer vocal motor control necessary for speech production.
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