101
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de Bruijn HS, Mashayekhi V, Schreurs TJL, van Driel PBAA, Strijkers GJ, van Diest PJ, Lowik CWGM, Seynhaeve ALB, Hagen TLMT, Prompers JJ, Henegouwen PMPVBE, Robinson DJ, Oliveira S. Acute cellular and vascular responses to photodynamic therapy using EGFR-targeted nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates studied with intravital optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. Theranostics 2020; 10:2436-2452. [PMID: 32089747 PMCID: PMC7019176 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to selectively damage tumor tissue and to increase tumor vessel permeability. Here we characterize the tissue biodistribution of two EGFR-targeted nanobody-photosensitizer conjugates (NB-PS), the monovalent 7D12-PS and the biparatopic 7D12-9G8-PS. In addition, we report on the local and acute phototoxic effects triggered by illumination of these NB-PS which have previously shown to lead to extensive tumor damage. Methods: Intravital microscopy and the skin-fold chamber model, containing OSC-19-luc2-cGFP tumors, were used to investigate: a) the fluorescence kinetics and distribution, b) the vascular response and c) the induction of necrosis after illumination at 1 or 24 h post administration of 7D12-PS and 7D12-9G8-PS. In addition, dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of a solid tumor model was used to investigate the microvascular status 2 h after 7D12-PS mediated PDT. Results: Image analysis showed significant tumor colocalization for both NB-PS which was higher for 7D12-9G8-PS. Intravital imaging showed clear tumor cell membrane localization 1 and 2 h after administration of 7D12-9G8-PS, and fluorescence in or close to endothelial cells in normal tissue for both NB-PS. PDT lead to vasoconstriction and leakage of tumor and normal tissue vessels in the skin-fold chamber model. DCE-MRI confirmed the reduction of tumor perfusion after 7D12-PS mediated PDT. PDT induced extensive tumor necrosis and moderate normal tissue damage, which was similar for both NB-PS conjugates. This was significantly reduced when illumination was performed at 24 h compared to 1 h after administration. Discussion: Although differences were observed in distribution of the two NB-PS conjugates, both led to similar necrosis. Clearly, the response to PDT using NB-PS conjugates is the result of a complex mixture of tumor cell responses and vascular effects, which is likely to be necessary for a maximally effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette S de Bruijn
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Dept. of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology Division, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J L Schreurs
- Biomedical NMR, Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter B A A van Driel
- Division of Optical Molecular Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Dept. of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Lowik
- Division of Optical Molecular Imaging, Dept. of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ann L B Seynhaeve
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Dept. of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Dept. of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dominic J Robinson
- Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Dept. of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology Division, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics Division, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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102
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Peng Q, Zang B, Zhao W, Li D, Ren J, Ji F, Jia L. Efficient continuous-flow aldehyde tag conversion using immobilized formylglycine generating enzyme. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized formylglycine generating enzyme for efficient aldehyde tag conversion under continuous flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Peng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Berlin Zang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Da Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Fangling Ji
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian
- P. R. China
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103
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Bridge T, Shaikh SA, Thomas P, Botta J, McCormick PJ, Sachdeva A. Site-Specific Encoding of Photoactivity in Antibodies Enables Light-Mediated Antibody-Antigen Binding on Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17986-17993. [PMID: 31609054 PMCID: PMC6973043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies have found applications in several fields, including, medicine, diagnostics, and nanotechnology, yet methods to modulate antibody-antigen binding using an external agent remain limited. Here, we have developed photoactive antibody fragments by genetic site-specific replacement of single tyrosine residues with photocaged tyrosine, in an antibody fragment, 7D12. A simple and robust assay is adopted to evaluate the light-mediated binding of 7D12 mutants to its target, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), on the surface of cancer cells. Presence of photocaged tyrosine reduces 7D12-EGFR binding affinity by over 20-fold in two out of three 7D12 mutants studied, and binding is restored upon exposure to 365 nm light. Molecular dynamics simulations explain the difference in effect of photocaging on 7D12-EGFR interaction among the mutants. Finally, we demonstrate the application of photoactive antibodies in delivering fluorophores to EGFR-positive live cancer cells in a light-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bridge
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Saher A. Shaikh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Paul Thomas
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell ImagingUniversity of East AngliaNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Joaquin Botta
- Centre of EndocrinologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University LondonCharterhouse SquareLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Centre of EndocrinologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University LondonCharterhouse SquareLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Amit Sachdeva
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwichNR4 7TJUK
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104
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Bridge T, Shaikh SA, Thomas P, Botta J, McCormick PJ, Sachdeva A. Site‐Specific Encoding of Photoactivity in Antibodies Enables Light‐Mediated Antibody–Antigen Binding on Live Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bridge
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Saher A. Shaikh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Paul Thomas
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell ImagingUniversity of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Joaquin Botta
- Centre of EndocrinologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University London Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Peter J. McCormick
- Centre of EndocrinologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University London Charterhouse Square London EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Amit Sachdeva
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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105
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Chabrol E, Stojko J, Nicolas A, Botzanowski T, Fould B, Antoine M, Cianférani S, Ferry G, Boutin JA. VHH characterization.Recombinant VHHs: Production, characterization and affinity. Anal Biochem 2019; 589:113491. [PMID: 31676284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the biological approaches to therapeutics, are the cells, such as CAR-T cells engineered or not, the antibodies armed or not, and the smaller protein scaffolds that can be modified to render them specific of other proteins, à la façon of antibodies. For several years, we explored ways to substitute antibodies by nanobodies (also known as VHHs), the smallest recognizing part of camelids' heavy-chain antibodies: production of those small proteins in host microorganisms, minute analyses, characterization, and qualification of their affinity towards designed targets. Here, we present three standard VHHs described in the literature: anti-albumin, anti-EGF receptor and anti-HER2, a typical cancer cell surface -associated protein. Because they differ slightly in global structure, they are good models to assess our body of analytical methodologies. The VHHs were expressed in several bacteria strains in order to identify and overcome the bottlenecks to obtain homogeneous preparations of this protein. A large panel of biophysical tools, ranging from spectroscopy to mass spectrometry, was here combined to assess VHH structural features and the impact of the disulfide bond. The routes are now ready to move to more complex VHHs raised against specific targets in numerous areas including oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chabrol
- PEX Biotechnologies, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Johann Stojko
- PEX Biotechnologies, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Alexandre Nicolas
- PEX Biotechnologies, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Fould
- PEX Biotechnologies, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Mathias Antoine
- PEX Biotechnologies, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Ferry
- PEX Biotechnologies, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
| | - Jean A Boutin
- PEX Biotechnologies, Chimie, Biologie, Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy-sur-Seine, France; Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, 50 rue Carnot, 92284, Suresnes Cedex, France.
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106
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Lecocq Q, De Vlaeminck Y, Hanssens H, D'Huyvetter M, Raes G, Goyvaerts C, Keyaerts M, Devoogdt N, Breckpot K. Theranostics in immuno-oncology using nanobody derivatives. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7772-7791. [PMID: 31695800 PMCID: PMC6831473 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become mainstream in cancer treatment. However, only patient subsets benefit from these expensive therapies, and often responses are short‐lived or coincide with side effects. A growing modality in precision oncology is the development of theranostics, as this enables patient selection, treatment and monitoring. In this approach, labeled compounds and an imaging technology are used to diagnose patients and select the best treatment option, whereas for therapy, related compounds are used to target cancer cells or the tumor stroma. In this context, nanobodies and nanobody-directed therapeutics have gained interest. This interest stems from their high antigen specificity, small size, ease of labeling and engineering, allowing specific imaging and design of therapies targeting antigens on tumor cells, immune cells as well as proteins in the tumor environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nanobodies as theranostics, and their importance in the emerging field of personalized medicine.
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107
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Engineering selective competitors for the discrimination of highly conserved protein-protein interaction modules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4521. [PMID: 31586061 PMCID: PMC6778148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing highly specific modulators of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is especially challenging in the context of multiple paralogs and conserved interaction surfaces. In this case, direct generation of selective and competitive inhibitors is hindered by high similarity within the evolutionary-related protein interfaces. We report here a strategy that uses a semi-rational approach to separate the modulator design into two functional parts. We first achieve specificity toward a region outside of the interface by using phage display selection coupled with molecular and cellular validation. Highly selective competition is then generated by appending the more degenerate interaction peptide to contact the target interface. We apply this approach to specifically bind a single PDZ domain within the postsynaptic protein PSD-95 over highly similar PDZ domains in PSD-93, SAP-97 and SAP-102. Our work provides a paralog-selective and domain specific inhibitor of PSD-95, and describes a method to efficiently target other conserved PPI modules. Developing inhibitors that target specific protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is challenging. Here, the authors show that target selectivity and PPI blocking can be achieved simultaneously with PPI inhibitors that contain two functional modules, and create a paralog-selective PSD-95 inhibitor as proof-of-concept.
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108
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Liu RR, Song LT, Meng YJ, Zhu M, Zhai HL. Study on Biocompatibility of AuNPs and Theoretical Design of a Multi-CDR-Functional Nanobody. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7570-7577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li Ting Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ya Jie Meng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Lin Zhai
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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109
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Tabtimmai L, Suphakun P, Srisook P, Kiriwan D, Phanthong S, Kiatwuthinon P, Chaicumpa W, Choowongkomon K. Cell-penetrable nanobodies (transbodies) that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR leading to the impediment of human lung adenocarcinoma cell motility and survival. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18077-18087. [PMID: 31172597 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression. Currently, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that act as the ATP-analogs and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to EGFR-ectodomain that block intracellular signaling are used for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Unfortunately, adverse effects due to the TKI off-target and drug resistance occur in a significant number of the treated patients while some NSCLC genotypes do not respond to the therapeutic MAbs. Thus, a more effective remedy for the treatment of EGFR-overexpressed cancers is deemed necessary. In this study, VH/VH H displayed-phage clones that are bound to recombinant EGFR-TK were fished-out from a humanized-camel VH/VH H phage display library. VH/VH H of three phage-infected Escherichia coli clones (VH18, VH H35, and VH36) were linked molecularly to nonaarginine (R9) for making them cell penetrable. R9-VH18, R9-VH H35, and R9-VH36 were cytotoxic to human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) at the fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) 0.181 ± 0.132, 0.00961 ± 0.00516, and 0.00996 ± 0.00752 μM, respectively, which were approximately 1000-fold more effective than small molecular TKIs. R9-VH18 and R9-VH36 also delayed cancer cell migration in a scratch-wound assay. Computerized homology modeling and intermolecular docking revealed that VH18 and VH H35 used CDR3 to interact with EGFR-TK residues close to the catalytic site, which might sterically hinder the ATP-binding of the TK; VH36 used CDR2 to bind at the asymmetric dimerization surface, which might disrupt EGFR dimerization leading to inhibition of intracellular signaling. The humanized-cell penetrable nanobodies have a high potential for developing further towards a clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praphasri Suphakun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimonwan Srisook
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangnapa Kiriwan
- Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siratcha Phanthong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pichamon Kiatwuthinon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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110
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Huang H, Wu T, Shi H, Wu Y, Yang H, Zhong K, Wang Y, Liu Y. Modular design of nanobody-drug conjugates for targeted-delivery of platinum anticancer drugs with an MRI contrast agent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5175-5178. [PMID: 30984937 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional nanobody-drug conjugate (NDC) was constructed in this work for the targeted delivery of a platinum prodrug and an MRI contrast agent. The NDC can be specifically internalized into EGFR positive cancer cells, resulting in higher therapeutic effect and lower side-effects relative to cisplatin. The Gd-binding domain enables the in situ detection of the drug distribution in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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111
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Schardt JS, Noonan-Shueh M, Oubaid JM, Pottash AE, Williams SC, Hussain A, Lapidus RG, Lipkowitz S, Jay SM. HER3-Targeted Affibodies with Optimized Formats Reduce Ovarian Cancer Progression in a Mouse Xenograft Model. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:48. [PMID: 30949858 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0318-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase HER3 is negatively correlated with survival in ovarian cancer, and HER3 overexpression is associated with cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Thus, improvements in HER3-targeted therapy could lead to significant clinical impact for ovarian cancer patients. Previous work from our group established multivalency as a potential strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of HER3-targeted ligands, including affibodies. Others have established HER3 affibodies as viable and potentially superior alternatives to monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. Here, bivalent HER3 affibodies were engineered for optimized production, specificity, and function as evaluated in an ovarian cancer xenograft model. Enhanced inhibition of HER3-mediated signaling and increased HER3 downregulation associated with multivalency could be achieved with a simplified construct, potentially increasing translational potential. Additionally, functional effects of affibodies due to multivalency were found to be specific to HER3 targeting, suggesting a unique molecular mechanism. Further, HER3 affibodies demonstrated efficacy in ovarian cancer xenograft mouse models, both as single agents and in combination with carboplatin. Overall, these results reinforce the potential of HER3-targeted affibodies for cancer therapy and establish treatment of ovarian cancer as an application where multivalent HER3 ligands may be useful. Further, this work introduces the potential of HER3 affibodies to be utilized as part of clinically relevant combination therapies (e.g., with carboplatin).
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Schardt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.,Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Madeleine Noonan-Shueh
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Jinan M Oubaid
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Alex Eli Pottash
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Sonya C Williams
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.,Translational Laboratory Shared Service, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America. .,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
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112
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Kholodenko RV, Kalinovsky DV, Doronin II, Ponomarev ED, Kholodenko IV. Antibody Fragments as Potential Biopharmaceuticals for Cancer Therapy: Success and Limitations. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:396-426. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170817152554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of therapeutic agents approved for the therapy of many types of malignancies. However, in certain cases applications of conventional mAbs have several limitations in anticancer immunotherapy. These limitations include insufficient efficacy and adverse effects. The antigen-binding fragments of antibodies have a considerable potential to overcome the disadvantages of conventional mAbs, such as poor penetration into solid tumors and Fc-mediated bystander activation of the immune system. Fragments of antibodies retain antigen specificity and part of functional properties of conventional mAbs and at the same time have much better penetration into the tumors and a greatly reduced level of adverse effects. Recent advantages in antibody engineering allowed to produce different types of antibody fragments with improved structure and properties for efficient elimination of tumor cells. These molecules opened up new perspectives for anticancer therapy. Here, we will overview the structural features of the various types of antibody fragments and their applications for anticancer therapy as separate molecules and as part of complex conjugates or structures. Mechanisms of antitumor action of antibody fragments as well as their advantages and disadvantages for clinical application will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Daniel V. Kalinovsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I. Doronin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Eugene D. Ponomarev
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Brain, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong
| | - Irina V. Kholodenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho- Maklaya St., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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113
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Yarian F, Alibakhshi A, Eyvazi S, Arezumand R, Ahangarzadeh S. Antibody-drug therapeutic conjugates: Potential of antibody-siRNAs in cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16724-16738. [PMID: 30908646 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Codelivery is a promising strategy of targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs for eradicating tumor cells. This rapidly growing method of drug delivery uses a conjugate containing drug linked to a smart carrier. Both two parts usually have therapeutic properties on the tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, such as Fab, scFv, and bsAb due to targeting high potent have now been attractive candidates as drug targeting carrier systems. The success of some therapeutic agents like small interfering RNA (siRNA), a small noncoding RNAs, with having problems such as enzymatic degradation and rapid renal filtration need to an appropriate carrier. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the recent enhancements in development of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), especially antibody-siRNA conjugates (SRCs), its characterizations and mechanisms in innovative cancer therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yarian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaye Arezumand
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Science, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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114
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Ali A, Baby B, Vijayan R. From Desert to Medicine: A Review of Camel Genomics and Therapeutic Products. Front Genet 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 30838017 PMCID: PMC6389616 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels have an important role in the lives of human beings, especially in arid regions, due to their multipurpose role and unique ability to adapt to harsh conditions. In spite of its enormous economic, cultural, and biological importance, the camel genome has not been widely studied. The size of camel genome is roughly 2.38 GB, containing over 20,000 genes. The unusual genetic makeup of the camel is the main reason behind its ability to survive under extreme environmental conditions. The camel genome harbors several unique variations which are being investigated for the treatment of several disorders. Various natural products from camels have also been tested and prescribed as adjunct therapy to control the progression of ailments. Interestingly, the camel employs unique immunological and molecular mechanisms against pathogenic agents and pathological conditions. Here, we broadly review camel classification, distribution and breed as well as recent progress in the determination of the camel genome, its size, genetic distribution, response to various physiological conditions, immunogenetics and the medicinal potential of camel gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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115
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Yan Q, Cai M, Zhou L, Xu H, Shi Y, Sun J, Jiang J, Gao J, Wang H. Using an RNA aptamer probe for super-resolution imaging of native EGFR. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:291-298. [PMID: 36132464 PMCID: PMC9473275 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers, referred to as "chemical antibodies", are short single-stranded oligonucleotides that bind to targets with high affinity and specificity. Compared with antibodies, aptamers can be designed, developed and modified easily. Since their discovery, aptamers have been widely used in in vitro diagnostics and molecular imaging. However, they are relatively less studied and applied in advanced microscopy. Here we used an RNA aptamer in dSTORM imaging and obtained a high-quality image of EGFR nanoscale clusters on live cell membranes. The results showed that the cluster number and size with aptamer labeling were almost the same as those with labeling with the natural ligand EGF, but the morphology of the clusters was smaller and more regular than that with cetuximab labeling. Meanwhile, dual-color imaging demonstrated sufficient fluorophore labeling, highly specific recognition and greatly accurate clustering information provided by aptamers. Furthermore, the aptamer labeling method indicated that active EGFR formed larger clusters containing more molecules than resting EGFR, which was hidden under the antibody labeling. Our work suggested that aptamers can be used as versatile probes in super-resolution imaging with small steric hindrance, opening a new avenue for detailed and precise morphological analysis of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Junguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Research Center of Biomembranomics, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao Shandong 266237 P. R. China
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116
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Camelid single-domain antibodies raised by DNA immunization are potent inhibitors of EGFR signaling. Biochem J 2019; 476:39-50. [PMID: 30455372 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a hallmark of many solid tumors, and inhibition of EGFR signaling by small molecules and antibodies has clear clinical benefit. Here, we report the isolation and functional characterization of novel camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs or VHHs) directed against human EGFR. The source of these VHHs was a llama immunized with cDNA encoding human EGFR ectodomain alone (no protein or cell boost), which is notable in that genetic immunization of large, outbred animals is generally poorly effective. The VHHs targeted multiple sites on the receptor's surface with high affinity (K D range: 1-40 nM), including one epitope overlapping that of cetuximab, several epitopes conserved in the cynomolgus EGFR orthologue, and at least one epitope conserved in the mouse EGFR orthologue. Interestingly, despite their generation against human EGFR expressed from cDNA by llama cells in vivo (presumably in native conformation), the VHHs exhibited wide and epitope-dependent variation in their apparent affinities for native EGFR displayed on tumor cell lines. As fusions to human IgG1 Fc, one of the VHH-Fcs inhibited EGFR signaling induced by EGF binding with a potency similar to that of cetuximab (IC50: ∼30 nM). Thus, DNA immunization elicited high-affinity, functional sdAbs that were vastly superior to those previously isolated by our group through protein immunization.
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117
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Schütze K, Petry K, Hambach J, Schuster N, Fumey W, Schriewer L, Röckendorf J, Menzel S, Albrecht B, Haag F, Stortelers C, Bannas P, Koch-Nolte F. CD38-Specific Biparatopic Heavy Chain Antibodies Display Potent Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Against Multiple Myeloma Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2553. [PMID: 30524421 PMCID: PMC6262402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is overexpressed by multiple myeloma cells and has emerged as a target for therapeutic antibodies. Nanobodies are soluble single domain antibody fragments derived from the VHH variable domain of heavy chain antibodies naturally occurring in camelids. We previously identified distinct llama nanobodies that recognize three non-overlapping epitopes of the extracellular domain of CD38. Here, we fused these VHH domains to the hinge, CH2, and CH3 domains of human IgG1, yielding highly soluble chimeric llama/human heavy chain antibodies (hcAbs). We analyzed the capacity of these hcAbs to mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to CD38-expressing human multiple myeloma and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines. Combinations of two hcAbs that recognize distinct, non-overlapping epitopes of CD38 mediated potent CDC, in contrast to the hcAb monotherapy with only weak CDC capacity. Similarly, combining daratumumab with a hcAb that recognizes a non-overlapping epitope resulted in dramatically enhanced CDC. Further, introducing the E345R HexaBody mutation into the CH3 domain strongly enhanced the CDC potency of hcAbs to CD38-expressing cells. Exploiting their high solubility, we genetically fused two distinct nanobodies into heteromeric dimers via a flexible peptide linker and then fused these nanobody dimers to the hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains of human IgG1, yielding highly soluble, biparatopic hcAbs. These biparatopic hcAbs elicited CDC toward CD38-expressing myeloma cells more effectively than daratumumab. Our results underscore the advantage of nanobodies vs. pairs of VH and VL domains for constructing bispecific antibodies. Moreover, the CD38-specific biparatopic heavy chain antibodies described here represent potential new powerful therapeutics for treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Petry
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hambach
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Schuster
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William Fumey
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Levin Schriewer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Röckendorf
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birte Albrecht
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bannas
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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118
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Mutter NL, Soskine M, Huang G, Albuquerque IS, Bernardes GJL, Maglia G. Modular Pore-Forming Immunotoxins with Caged Cytotoxicity Tailored by Directed Evolution. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3153-3160. [PMID: 30278129 PMCID: PMC6243392 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Immunotoxins are proteins containing
a cell-targeting element linked
to a toxin that are under investigation for next-generation cancer
treatment. However, these agents are difficult to synthesize, chemically
heterogeneous, expensive, and show toxicity toward healthy cells.
In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a
new type of immunotoxin that showed exquisite selectivity toward
targeted cells. In our construct, targeting molecules were covalently
attached or genetically fused to oligomeric pore-forming toxins. The
activity of the immunotoxin was then caged by fusing a soluble protein
to the transmembrane domain and activated via cleavage with furin,
which is a protease that is overexpressed in many cancer cells. During
the several coupling steps, directed evolution allowed the efficient
synthesis of the molecules in E. coli cells, as well
as selection for further specificity toward targeted cells. The final
construct showed no off-target activity, while acquiring an additional
degree of specificity toward the targeted cells upon activation. The
pore-forming toxins described here do not require internalization
to operate, while the many protomeric subunits can be individually
modified to refine target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Mutter
- Groningen Biomolecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Misha Soskine
- Groningen Biomolecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Huang
- Groningen Biomolecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inês S. Albuquerque
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Groningen Biomolecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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119
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Noor A, Walser G, Wesseling M, Giron P, Laffra AM, Haddouchi F, De Grève J, Kronenberger P. Production of a mono-biotinylated EGFR nanobody in the E. coli periplasm using the pET22b vector. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:751. [PMID: 30348204 PMCID: PMC6196415 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to produce a mono-biotinylated single domain antibody ('nanobody') specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is overexpressed in many cancer cells. The binding of the nanobody and its function are tested in cancer cells. The construct could be used to carry variable therapeutic or diagnostic load using biotin-streptavidin bridging. RESULTS The EGFR-specific 7D12 nanobody was genetically fused to an IgA hinge linker and to a C-terminal biotin ligase acceptor sequence, allowing mono-biotinylation in E. coli. Expression was in strain BL21-DE3 from a T7 RNA polymerase driven pET22b vector. The biotinylated nanobody, isolated from the periplasm, was purified using streptavidin-mutein affinity chromatography. Final yields were up to 5 mg/l of cell culture. We showed that the construct could bind to EGFR expressing A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, and to transiently transformed EGFR overexpressing HEK293T cells and not to EGFR negative control cells. The specificity for the EGFR was further demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. To test the functionality, PC9 non-small cell lung cancer cells were treated with mono-biotinylated nanobody or with streptavidin-coupled tetravalent nanobodies. Both were able to block mutant EGFR phosphorylation and slow down growth of PC9 cells. Tetravalent nanobodies were able to downregulate AKT phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfiah Noor
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gudrun Walser
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Wesseling
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Giron
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Albert-Menno Laffra
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Haddouchi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Kronenberger
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 109, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Erasmushogeschool Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 121, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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120
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Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have moved from being an academic curiosity with therapeutic promise to reality, with two molecules being currently commercialized (Hemlibra® and Blincyto®) and many more in clinical trials. The success of bispecific antibodies is mainly due to the continuously growing number of mechanisms of actions (MOA) they enable that are not accessible to monoclonal antibodies. One of the earliest MOA of bispecific antibodies and currently the one with the largest number of clinical trials is the redirecting of the cytotoxic activity of T-cells for oncology applications, now extending its use in infective diseases. The use of bispecific antibodies for crossing the blood-brain barrier is another important application because of its potential to advance the therapeutic options for neurological diseases. Another noteworthy application due to its growing trend is enabling a more tissue-specific delivery or activity of antibodies. The different molecular solutions to the initial hurdles that limited the development of bispecific antibodies have led to the current diverse set of bispecific or multispecific antibody formats that can be grouped into three main categories: IgG-like formats, antibody fragment-based formats, or appended IgG formats. The expanded applications of bispecific antibodies come at the price of additional challenges for clinical development. The rising complexity in their structure may increase the risk of immunogenicity and the multiple antigen specificity complicates the selection of relevant species for safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Husain
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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121
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Mabfilin and Fabfilin - New antibody-scaffold fusion formats for multispecific targeting concepts. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 149:51-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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122
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Pirzer T, Becher KS, Rieker M, Meckel T, Mootz HD, Kolmar H. Generation of Potent Anti-HER1/2 Immunotoxins by Protein Ligation Using Split Inteins. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2058-2066. [PMID: 29920062 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell targeting protein toxins have gained increasing interest for cancer therapy aimed at increasing the therapeutic window and reducing systemic toxicity. Because recombinant expression of immunotoxins consisting of a receptor-binding and a cell-killing moiety is hampered by their high toxicity in a eukaryotic production host, most applications rely on recombinant production of fusion proteins consisting of an antibody fragment and a protein toxin in bacterial hosts such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli). These fusions often lack beneficial properties of whole antibodies like extended serum half-life or efficient endocytic uptake via receptor clustering. Here, we describe the production of full-length antibody immunotoxins using self-splicing split inteins. To this end, the short (11 amino acids) N-terminal intein part of the artificially designed split intein M86, a derivative of the Ssp DnaB intein, was recombinantly fused to the heavy chain of trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptor targeting antibody and to a nanobody-Fc fusion targeting the HER1 receptor, respectively. Both antibodies were produced in Expi293F cells. The longer C-terminal counterpart of the intein was genetically fused to the protein toxins gelonin or Pseudomonas Exotoxin A, respectively, and expressed in E. coli via fusion to maltose binding protein. Using optimized in vitro splicing conditions, we were able to generate a set of specific and potent immunotoxins with IC50 values in the mid- to subpicomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pirzer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Kira-Sophie Becher
- Institute of Biochemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Marcel Rieker
- Antibody Drug Conjugates and Targeted NBE Therapeutics , Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Straße 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies , Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Straße 250 , D-64293 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Tobias Meckel
- Macromolecular Chemistry & Paper Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Henning D Mootz
- Institute of Biochemistry , University of Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 , D-64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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123
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Albert S, Arndt C, Koristka S, Berndt N, Bergmann R, Feldmann A, Schmitz M, Pietzsch J, Steinbach J, Bachmann M. From mono- to bivalent: improving theranostic properties of target modules for redirection of UniCAR T cells against EGFR-expressing tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25597-25616. [PMID: 29876011 PMCID: PMC5986651 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR-modified T cells show impressive results in clinical trials. However, cytokine release syndrome and "on-target, off-tumor" reactions represent most concerning side effects. To improve the safety of CAR-T cell therapy, we established a switchable CAR platform termed UniCAR system consisting of two components: UniCAR-modified T cells and tumor-specific target modules (TM). For treatment of EGFR+ epithelial tumors, we recently described a monovalent nanobody-based α-EGFR TM, either expressed in bacteria or eukaryotic cells. In spite of the identical primary sequence the eukaryotic TM showed a reduced killing capability and affinity. Here we describe a novel bivalent α-EGFR-EGFR TM. As expected, the avidity of the bivalent TM is higher than that of its monovalent counterpart. Binding of neither the monovalent α-EGFR TM nor the bivalent α-EGFR-EGFR TM to EGFR effected the EGF-mediated signaling. While the monovalent α-EGFR TM could only mediate the killing of tumor cells expressing high levels of EGFR, the bivalent α-EGFR-EGFR TM could redirect UniCAR T cells to tumor cells expressing low levels of EGFR. According to PET experiments in vivo, the increased avidity of the bivalent α-EGFR-EGFR TM improves the enrichment at the tumor site and its use for PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Albert
- UniversityCancerCenter (UCC) Dresden, Tumor Immunology, ‘Carl Gustav Carus’ Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Koristka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Berndt
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), part\ner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Feldmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), part\ner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, ‘Carl Gustav Carus’ Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- UniversityCancerCenter (UCC) Dresden, Tumor Immunology, ‘Carl Gustav Carus’ Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), part\ner site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Deng C, Xiong J, Gu X, Chen X, Wu S, Wang Z, Wang D, Tu J, Xie J. Novel recombinant immunotoxin of EGFR specific nanobody fused with cucurmosin, construction and antitumor efficiency in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38568-38580. [PMID: 28445134 PMCID: PMC5503554 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is related to the increased aggressiveness, metastases, and poor prognosis in various cancers. In this study, we successfully constructed a new EGFR nanobody-based immunotoxin rE/CUS containing cucurmosin (CUS), The immunotoxin was expressed by prokaryotic system and we obtained a yield of 5 mg protein per liter expression medium. The percentage of it's binding ability totumor cell lines A549, HepG2, SW116, which highly expressed EGFR was 55.6%, 79.6% and 97.1%, respectively, but SW620 was only 4.45%. rE/CUS has the ability to bind A549, HepG2, SW116 cells specifically, and the antigen binding capability was not affected because of extra part of CUS component. The rE/CUS significantly inhibited the cell viability against EGFR over expression tumor cell lines in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Moreover, rE/CUS also induced apoptosis of HepG2 and A549 mightily. Our results demonstrate that rE/CUS is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating EGFR-positive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimin Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiani Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofan Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medical Science, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuifa Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, The 180th Hospital of PLA, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Duanduan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinjin Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieming Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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125
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Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Hosseinzade A, Salehi M, Merikhian P, Farahmand L. Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family: from herceptin to Pan HER. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:841-854. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Monoclonal antibody-based of cancer therapy has been considered as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both haematologic malignancies and solid tumours in the last two decades. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family signalling pathways play a key role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Hence, anti-EGFR family mAbs is one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy.
Key findings
Here, recent advances in anti-EGFR mAb including approved or successfully tested in preclinical and clinical studies have been reviewed. Although we focus on monoclonal antibodies against the EGF receptor, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer therapy, to some extend the resistance to existing anti-EGFR therapies and some therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance such as combination of mAbs on different pathways are briefly discussed as well.
Summary
The EGFR family receptors, is considered as an attractive target for mAb development to inhibit their consecutive activities in tumour growth and resistance. However, due to resistance mechanisms, the combination therapies may become a good candidate for targeting EGFR family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysooda Hosseinzade
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnaz Merikhian
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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126
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Zhou Z, Chitneni SK, Devoogdt N, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Fluorine-18 labeling of an anti-HER2 VHH using a residualizing prosthetic group via a strain-promoted click reaction: Chemistry and preliminary evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29534937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we evaluated a HER2-specific single domain antibody fragment (sdAb) 2Rs15d labeled with 18F via conjugation of a residualizing prosthetic agent that was synthesized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). In order to potentially increase overall efficiency and decrease the time required for labeling, we now investigate the use of a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) between the 2Rs15d sdAb, which had been pre-derivatized with an azide-containing residualizing moiety, and an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative. The HER2-targeted sdAb 2Rs15d and a nonspecific sdAb R3B23 were pre-conjugated with a moiety containing both azide- and guanidine functionalities. The thus derivatized sdAbs were radiolabeled with 18F using an 18F-labeled aza-dibenzocyclooctyne derivative ([18F]F-ADIBO) via SPAAC, generating the desired conjugate ([18F]RL-II-sdAb). For comparison, unmodified 2Rs15d was labeled with N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SGMIB), the prototypical residualizing agent for radioiodination. Radiochemical purity (RCP), immunoreactive fraction (IRF), HER2-binding affinity and cellular uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were assessed in vitro. Paired label biodistribution of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d, and microPET/CT imaging of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d and the [18F]RL-II-R3B23 control sdAb were performed in nude mice bearing HER2-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts. A radiochemical yield of 23.9 ± 6.9% (n = 8) was achieved for the SPAAC reaction between [18F]F-ADIBO and azide-modified 2Rs15d and the RCP of the labeled sdAb was >95%. The affinity (Kd) and IRF for the binding of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d to HER2 were 5.6 ± 1.3 nM and 73.1 ± 22.5% (n = 3), respectively. The specific uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d by HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells in vitro was 14-17% of the input dose at 1, 2, and 4 h, slightly higher than seen for co-incubated [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d. The uptake of [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d in SKOV-3 xenografts at 1 h and 2 h p.i. were 5.54 ± 0.77% ID/g and 6.42 ± 1.70% ID/g, respectively, slightly higher than those for co-administered [125I]SGMIB-2Rs15d (4.80 ± 0.78% ID/g and 4.78 ± 1.39% ID/g). MicroPET/CT imaging with [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d at 1-3 h p.i. clearly delineated SKOV-3 tumors while no significant accumulation of activity in tumor was seen for [18F]RL-II-R3B23. With the exception of kidneys, normal tissue levels for [18F]RL-II-2Rs15d were low and cleared rapidly. To our knowledge, this is the first time SPAAC method has been used to label an sdAb with 18F, especially with residualizing functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Satish K Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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127
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Nikkhoi SK, Rahbarizadeh F, Ranjbar S, Khaleghi S, Farasat A. Liposomal nanoparticle armed with bivalent bispecific single-domain antibodies, novel weapon in HER2 positive cancerous cell lines targeting. Mol Immunol 2018; 96:98-109. [PMID: 29549861 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality among all cancers. HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptors type 2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that induces interminable cell proliferation, is overexpressed in 20-25 percent of breast cancers. In spite of significant progress in nanomedicine in the past decade, being subjected to genetic drift that hides many paramount epitopes has rendered targeting HER2 as a big challenge. In the present study, we developed monovalent and bivalent monospecific along with bivalent bispecific VHH targeting different epitopes on HER2, and showed that bivalent bispecific VHH has the highest affinity among other tested modalities. Then we covalently coupled VHHs to the fluorescent labeled liposomal nanoparticle to produce targeted liposomes. Based on flow cytometry results, bivalent bispecific VHH targeted liposomes showed the highest fluorescent intensity, on HER2 breast cancer cells. Liposomes conjugated to bivalent monospecific VHH exhibited enhanced affinity toward HER2 positive cell lines compared to monovalent targeted liposomes, with bivalent bispecific liposomes appearing as the most robust probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Ranjbar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Khaleghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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128
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van Lith SA, van den Brand D, Wallbrecher R, Wübbeke L, van Duijnhoven SM, Mäkinen PI, Hoogstad-van Evert JS, Massuger L, Ylä-Herttuala S, Brock R, Leenders WP. The effect of subcellular localization on the efficiency of EGFR-targeted VHH photosensitizer conjugates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 124:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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129
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Wu T, Huang H, Sheng Y, Shi H, Min Y, Liu Y. Transglutaminase mediated PEGylation of nanobodies for targeted nano-drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1011-1017. [PMID: 32254288 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs that selectively accumulate in malignant cells could enhance drug efficacy and reduce side effects of conventional chemotherapy. In this work, we designed a single domain antibody (nanobody) based drug delivery system for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. An anti-EGFR nanobody (Nb) was constructed with a C3-tag and a Q-tag for site specific modifications under physiological conditions. The site specific PEGylation of the nanobody was achieved via a transglutaminase catalyzed reaction through the coupling of the Q-tag with PEG-NH2. As a proof of concept, the PEGylated nanobody was tethered to HSA coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) through the C3-tag, and an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), was loaded. Results showed that the Nb-conjugated drug delivery system exhibits superior specificity to the EGFR positive tumor cells. The drug delivery system is highly accumulated in the EGFR positive tumor cells (A431), whereas there was no detectable accumulation in the EGFR negative cells (MCF-7). Consequently, the drug loaded particles demonstrated significantly higher anti-proliferation to A431 cells than to MCF-7 cells. This work provides an effective approach for site-specific modification of nanobodies for the construction of targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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130
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Abstract
Probes are essential to visualize proteins in their cellular environment, both using light microscopy as well as electron microscopy (EM). Correlated light microscopy and electron microscopy (CLEM) requires probes that can be imaged simultaneously by both optical and electron-dense signals. Existing combinatorial probes often have impaired efficiency, need ectopic expression as a fusion protein, or do not target endogenous proteins. Here, we present FLIPPER-bodies to label endogenous proteins for CLEM. Fluorescent Indicator and Peroxidase for Precipitation with EM Resolution (FLIPPER), the combination of a fluorescent protein and a peroxidase, is fused to a nanobody against a target of interest. The modular nature of these probes allows an easy exchange of components to change its target or color. A general FLIPPER-body targeting GFP highlights histone2B-GFP both in fluorescence and in EM. Similarly, endogenous EGF receptors and HER2 are visualized at nm-scale resolution in ultrastructural context. The small and flexible FLIPPER-body outperforms IgG-based immuno-labeling, likely by better reaching the epitopes. Given the modular domains and possibilities of nanobody generation for other targets, FLIPPER-bodies have high potential to become a universal tool to identify proteins in immuno-CLEM with increased sensitivity compared to current approaches.
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131
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Artificial antibody created by conformational reconstruction of the complementary-determining region on gold nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:E34-E43. [PMID: 29255034 PMCID: PMC5776806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713526115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mimicking protein-like specific interactions and functions has been a long-pursued goal in nanotechnology. The key challenge is to precisely organize nonfunctional surface groups on nanoparticles into specific 3D conformations to function in a concerted and orchestrated manner. Here, we develop a method to graft the complementary-determining regions of natural antibodies onto nanoparticles and reconstruct their “active” conformation to create nanoparticle-based artificial antibodies that recognize the corresponding antigens. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to create functions on nanoparticles by conformational engineering, namely tuning flexible surface groups into specific conformations. Our straightforward strategy could be used further to create other artificial antibodies for various applications and provides a new tool to understand the structure and folding of natural proteins. To impart biomedical functions to nanoparticles (NPs), the common approach is to conjugate functional groups onto NPs by dint of the functions of those groups per se. It is still beyond current reach to create protein-like specific interactions and functions on NPs by conformational engineering of nonfunctional groups on NPs. Here, we develop a conformational engineering method to create an NP-based artificial antibody, denoted “Goldbody,” through conformational reconstruction of the complementary-determining regions (CDRs) of natural antibodies on gold NPs (AuNPs). The seemingly insurmountable task of controlling the conformation of the CDR loops, which are flexible and nonfunctional in the free form, was accomplished unexpectedly in a simple way. Upon anchoring both terminals of the free CDR loops on AuNPs, we managed to reconstruct the “active” conformation of the CDR loops by tuning the span between the two terminals and, as a result, the original specificity was successfully reconstructed on the AuNPs. Two Goldbodies have been created by this strategy to specifically bind with hen egg white lysozyme and epidermal growth factor receptor, with apparent affinities several orders of magnitude stronger than that of the original natural antibodies. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to create protein-like functions on NPs in a protein-like way, namely by tuning flexible surface groups to the correct conformation. Given the apparent merits, including good stability, of Goldbodies, we anticipate that a category of Goldbodies could be created to target different antigens and thus used as substitutes for natural antibodies in various applications.
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132
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Arezumand R, Alibakhshi A, Ranjbari J, Ramazani A, Muyldermans S. Nanobodies As Novel Agents for Targeting Angiogenesis in Solid Cancers. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1746. [PMID: 29276515 PMCID: PMC5727022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid cancers are dependent on angiogenesis for sustenance. The FDA approval of Bevacizumab in 2004 inspired many scientists to develop more inhibitors of angiogenesis. Although several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being administered to successfully combat various pathologies, the complexity and large size of mAbs seem to narrow the therapeutic applications. To improve the performance of cancer therapeutics, including those blocking tumor angiogenesis, attractive strategies such as miniaturization of the antibodies have been introduced. Nanobodies (Nbs), small single-domain antigen-binding antibody fragments, are becoming promising therapeutic and diagnostic proteins in oncology due to their favorable unique structural and functional properties. This review focuses on the potential and state of the art of Nbs to inhibit the angiogenic process for therapy and the use of labeled Nbs for non-invasive in vivo imaging of the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaye Arezumand
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Science, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnourd, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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133
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Mosayebi J, Kiyasatfar M, Laurent S. Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28990364 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non-invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state-of-the-art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half-life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio-nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi-modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Mosayebi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Mehdi Kiyasatfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
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134
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Liu Y, Huang H. Expression of single-domain antibody in different systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:539-551. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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135
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Bannas P, Hambach J, Koch-Nolte F. Nanobodies and Nanobody-Based Human Heavy Chain Antibodies As Antitumor Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1603. [PMID: 29213270 PMCID: PMC5702627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies have revolutionized cancer therapy. However, delivery to tumor cells in vivo is hampered by the large size (150 kDa) of conventional antibodies. The minimal target recognition module of a conventional antibody is composed of two non-covalently associated variable domains (VH and VL). The proper orientation of these domains is mediated by their hydrophobic interface and is stabilized by their linkage to disulfide-linked constant domains (CH1 and CL). VH and VL domains can be fused via a genetic linker into a single-chain variable fragment (scFv). scFv modules in turn can be fused to one another, e.g., to generate a bispecific T-cell engager, or they can be fused in various orientations to antibody hinge and Fc domains to generate bi- and multispecific antibodies. However, the inherent hydrophobic interaction of VH and VL domains limits the stability and solubility of engineered antibodies, often causing aggregation and/or mispairing of V-domains. Nanobodies (15 kDa) and nanobody-based human heavy chain antibodies (75 kDa) can overcome these limitations. Camelids naturally produce antibodies composed only of heavy chains in which the target recognition module is composed of a single variable domain (VHH or Nb). Advantageous features of nanobodies include their small size, high solubility, high stability, and excellent tissue penetration in vivo. Nanobodies can readily be linked genetically to Fc-domains, other nanobodies, peptide tags, or toxins and can be conjugated chemically at a specific site to drugs, radionuclides, photosensitizers, and nanoparticles. These properties make them particularly suited for specific and efficient targeting of tumors in vivo. Chimeric nanobody-heavy chain antibodies combine advantageous features of nanobodies and human Fc domains in about half the size of a conventional antibody. In this review, we discuss recent developments and perspectives for applications of nanobodies and nanobody-based human heavy chain antibodies as antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bannas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hambach
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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136
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van Lith SAM, van den Brand D, Wallbrecher R, van Duijnhoven SMJ, Brock R, Leenders WPJ. A Conjugate of an Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) VHH and a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Drives Receptor Internalization and Blocks EGFR Activation. Chembiochem 2017; 18:2390-2394. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne A. M. van Lith
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Pathology; P. O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Dirk van den Brand
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Department of Biochemistry; Geert-Grooteplein 26 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Gynecology; P. O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Rike Wallbrecher
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Department of Biochemistry; Geert-Grooteplein 26 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Roland Brock
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Department of Biochemistry; Geert-Grooteplein 26 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - William P. J. Leenders
- Radboud University Medical Centre; Department of Pathology; P. O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Department of Biochemistry; Geert-Grooteplein 26 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
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137
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Hu Y, Liu C, Muyldermans S. Nanobody-Based Delivery Systems for Diagnosis and Targeted Tumor Therapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1442. [PMID: 29163515 PMCID: PMC5673844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of innovative targeted therapeutic approaches are expected to surpass the efficacy of current forms of treatments and cause less damage to healthy cells surrounding the tumor site. Since the first development of targeting agents from hybridoma’s, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been employed to inhibit tumor growth and proliferation directly or to deliver effector molecules to tumor cells. However, the full potential of such a delivery strategy is hampered by the size of mAbs, which will obstruct the targeted delivery system to access the tumor tissue. By serendipity, a new kind of functional homodimeric antibody format was discovered in camelidae, known as heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs). The cloning of the variable domain of HCAbs produces an attractive minimal-sized alternative for mAbs, referred to as VHH or nanobodies (Nbs). Apart from their dimensions in the single digit nanometer range, the unique characteristics of Nbs combine a high stability and solubility, low immunogenicity and excellent affinity and specificity against all possible targets including tumor markers. This stimulated the development of tumor-targeted therapeutic strategies. Some autonomous Nbs have been shown to act as antagonistic drugs, but more importantly, the targeting capacity of Nbs has been exploited to create drug delivery systems. Obviously, Nb-based targeted cancer therapy is mainly focused toward extracellular tumor markers, since the membrane barrier prevents antibodies to reach the most promising intracellular tumor markers. Potential strategies, such as lentiviral vectors and bacterial type 3 secretion system, are proposed to deliver target-specific Nbs into tumor cells and to block tumor markers intracellularly. Simultaneously, Nbs have also been employed for in vivo molecular imaging to diagnose diseased tissues and to monitor the treatment effects. Here, we review the state of the art and focus on recent developments with Nbs as targeting moieties for drug delivery systems in cancer therapy and cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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138
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de Bruin RCG, Veluchamy JP, Lougheed SM, Schneiders FL, Lopez-Lastra S, Lameris R, Stam AG, Sebestyen Z, Kuball J, Molthoff CFM, Hooijberg E, Roovers RC, Santo JPD, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Verheul HMW, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. A bispecific nanobody approach to leverage the potent and widely applicable tumor cytolytic capacity of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1375641. [PMID: 29296532 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1375641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though Vγ9Vδ2-T cells constitute only a small fraction of the total T cell population in human peripheral blood, they play a vital role in tumor defense and are therefore of major interest to explore for cancer immunotherapy. Vγ9Vδ2-T cell-based cancer immunotherapeutic approaches developed so far have been generally well tolerated and were able to induce significant clinical responses. However, overall results were inconsistent, possibly due to the fact that these strategies induced systemic activation of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells without preferential accumulation and targeted activation in the tumor. Here we show that a novel bispecific nanobody-based construct targeting both Vγ9Vδ2-T cells and EGFR induced potent Vγ9Vδ2-T cell activation and subsequent tumor cell lysis both in vitro and in an in vivo mouse xenograft model. Tumor cell lysis was independent of KRAS and BRAF tumor mutation status and common Vγ9Vδ2-T cell receptor sequence variations. In combination with the conserved monomorphic nature of the Vγ9Vδ2-TCR and the facile replacement of the tumor-specific nanobody, this immunotherapeutic approach can be applied to a large group of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée C G de Bruin
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P Veluchamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinéad M Lougheed
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Famke L Schneiders
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Lopez-Lastra
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Roeland Lameris
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita G Stam
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyen
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C Roovers
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1223, Paris, France
| | | | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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139
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Leow CH, Fischer K, Leow CY, Cheng Q, Chuah C, McCarthy J. Single Domain Antibodies as New Biomarker Detectors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:diagnostics7040052. [PMID: 29039819 PMCID: PMC5745390 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are defined as indicators of biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers have been widely used for early detection, prediction of response after treatment, and for monitoring the progression of diseases. Antibodies represent promising tools for recognition of biomarkers, and are widely deployed as analytical tools in clinical settings. For immunodiagnostics, antibodies are now exploited as binders for antigens of interest across a range of platforms. More recently, the discovery of antibody surface display and combinatorial chemistry techniques has allowed the exploration of new binders from a range of animals, for instance variable domains of new antigen receptors (VNAR) from shark and variable heavy chain domains (VHH) or nanobodies from camelids. These single domain antibodies (sdAbs) have some advantages over conventional murine immunoglobulin owing to the lack of a light chain, making them the smallest natural biomarker binders thus far identified. In this review, we will discuss several biomarkers used as a means to validate diseases progress. The potential functionality of modern singe domain antigen binders derived from phylogenetically early animals as new biomarker detectors for current diagnostic and research platforms development will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Katja Fischer
- Bacterial Pathogenesis and Scabies Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Qin Cheng
- Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane 4051, Australia.
| | - Candy Chuah
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - James McCarthy
- Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia.
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140
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Xenaki KT, Oliveira S, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP. Antibody or Antibody Fragments: Implications for Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1287. [PMID: 29075266 PMCID: PMC5643388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibody-based therapeutics has proven very promising for clinical applications in cancer patients, with multiple examples of antibodies and antibody–drug conjugates successfully applied for the treatment of solid tumors and lymphomas. Given reported recurrence rates, improvements are clearly still necessary. A major factor limiting the efficacy of antibody-targeted cancer therapies may be the incomplete penetration of the antibody or antibody–drug conjugate into the tumor. Incomplete tumor penetration also affects the outcome of molecular imaging, when using such targeting agents. From the injection site until they arrive inside the tumor, targeting molecules are faced with several barriers that impact intratumoral distribution. The primary means of antibody transport inside tumors is based on diffusion. The diffusive penetration inside the tumor is influenced by both antibody properties, such as size and binding affinity, as well as tumor properties, such as microenvironment, vascularization, and targeted antigen availability. Engineering smaller antibody fragments has shown to improve the rate of tumor uptake and intratumoral distribution. However, it is often accompanied by more rapid clearance from the body and in several cases also by inherent destabilization and reduction of the binding affinity of the antibody. In this perspective, we discuss different cancer targeting approaches based on antibodies or their fragments. We carefully consider how their size and binding properties influence their intratumoral uptake and distribution, and how this may affect cancer imaging and therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina T Xenaki
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Division of Cell Biology, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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141
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen G, Li Y, Xu W, Gong S. Quantum-Dot-Based Theranostic Micelles Conjugated with an Anti-EGFR Nanobody for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30297-30305. [PMID: 28845963 PMCID: PMC5918284 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A quantum-dot (QD)-based micelle conjugated with an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) nanobody (Nb) and loaded with an anticancer drug, aminoflavone (AF), has been engineered for EGFR-overexpressing cancer theranostics. The near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence of the indium phosphate core/zinc sulfide shell QDs (InP/ZnS QDs) allowed for in vivo nanoparticle biodistribution studies. The anti-EGFR nanobody 7D12 conjugation improved the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the QD-based micelles in EGFR-overexpressing MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. In comparison with the AF-encapsulated nontargeted (i.e., without Nb conjugation) micelles, the AF-encapsulated Nb-conjugated (i.e., targeted) micelles accumulated in tumors at higher concentrations, leading to more effective tumor regression in an orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, there was no systemic toxicity observed with the treatments. Thus, this QD-based Nb-conjugated micelle may serve as an effective theranostic nanoplatform for EGFR-overexpressing cancers such as TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Yidan Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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142
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Bi-specific molecule against EGFR and death receptors simultaneously targets proliferation and death pathways in tumors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2602. [PMID: 28572590 PMCID: PMC5454031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing therapeutics that target multiple receptor signaling pathways in tumors is critical as therapies targeting single specific biomarker/pathway have shown limited efficacy in patients with cancer. In this study, we extensively characterized a bi-functional molecule comprising of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted nanobody (ENb) and death receptor (DR) targeted ligand TRAIL (ENb-TRAIL). We show that ENb-TRAIL has therapeutic efficacy in tumor cells from different cancer types which do not respond to either EGFR antagonist or DR agonist monotherapies. Utilizing pharmacological inhibition, genetic loss of function and FRET studies, we show that ENb-TRAIL blocks EGFR signalling via the binding of ENb to EGFR which in turn induces DR5 clustering at the plasma membrane and thereby primes tumor cells to caspase-mediated apoptosis. In vivo, using a clinically relevant orthotopic resection model of primary glioblastoma and engineered stem cells (SC) expressing ENb-TRAIL, we show that the treatment with synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) encapsulated SC-ENb-TRAIL alleviates tumor burden and significantly increases survival. This study is the first to report novel mechanistic insights into simultaneous targeting of receptor-mediated proliferation and cell death signaling pathways in different tumor types and presents a promising approach for translation into the clinical setting.
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143
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Superior Suppression of ErbB2-positive Tumor Cells by a Novel Human Triparatopic Tribody. J Immunother 2017; 40:117-128. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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144
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Pille J, van Lith SAM, van Hest JCM, Leenders WPJ. Self-Assembling VHH-Elastin-Like Peptides for Photodynamic Nanomedicine. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1302-1310. [PMID: 28269985 PMCID: PMC5388898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pille
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Bio-organic Chemistry
Lab, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.31), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne A. M. van Lith
- Department
of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Heyendaalseweg
135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Bio-organic Chemistry
Lab, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.31), 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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145
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Legomedicine-A Versatile Chemo-Enzymatic Approach for the Preparation of Targeted Dual-Labeled Llama Antibody-Nanoparticle Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:539-548. [PMID: 28045502 PMCID: PMC5330650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Conjugation of llama
single domain antibody fragments (Variable
Heavy chain domains of Heavy chain antibodies, VHHs) to diagnostic
or therapeutic nanoparticles, peptides, proteins, or drugs offers
many opportunities for optimized targeted cancer treatment. Currently,
mostly nonspecific conjugation strategies or genetic fusions are used
that may compromise VHH functionality. In this paper we present a
versatile modular approach for bioorthogonal VHH modification and
conjugation. First, sortase A mediated transPEGylation is used for
introduction of a chemical click moiety. The resulting clickable VHHs
are then used for conjugation to other groups employing the Cu+-independent strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloadition
(SPAAC) reaction. Using this approach, tail-to-tail bispecific VHHs
and VHH-targeted nanoparticles are generated without affecting VHH
functionality. Furthermore, this approach allows the bioconjugation
of multiple moieties to VHHs for simple and convenient production
of VHH-based theranostics.
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146
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Van Heeke G, Allosery K, De Brabandere V, De Smedt T, Detalle L, de Fougerolles A. Nanobodies® † †Nanobody is a registered trademark of Ablynx NV. as inhaled biotherapeutics for lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 169:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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147
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Murad H, Assaad JM, Al-Shemali R, Abbady AQ. Exploiting Nanobodies in the Detection and Quantification of Human Growth Hormone via Phage-Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:115. [PMID: 28611730 PMCID: PMC5447680 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring blood levels of human growth hormone (hGH) in most children with short stature deficiencies is crucial for taking a decision of treatment with extended course of daily and expensive doses of recombinant hGH (rhGH or Somatropin®). Besides, misusing of rhGH by sportsmen is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency and thus sensitive GH-detecting methods are highly welcome in this field. Nanobodies are the tiniest antigen-binding entity derived from camel heavy chain antibodies. They were successfully generated against numerous antigens including hormones. METHODS A fully nanobody-based sandwich ELISA method was developed in this work for direct measurement of GH in biological samples. RESULTS Two major characteristics of nanobody were exploited for this goal: the robust and stable structure of the nanobody (NbGH04) used to capture hGH from tested samples, and the great ability of tailoring, enabling the display of the anti-GH detector nanobody (NbGH07) on the tip of M13-phage. Such huge, stable, and easy-to-prepare phage-Nb was used in ELISA to provide an amplified signal. Previously, NbGH04 was retrieved on immobilized hGH by phage display from a wide "immune" cDNA library prepared from a hGH-immunized camel. Here, and in order to assure epitope heterogeneity, NbGH07 was isolated from the same library using NbGH04-captured hGH as bait. Interaction of both nanobodies with hGH was characterized and compared with different anti-GH nanobodies and antibodies. The sensitivity (~0.5 ng/ml) and stability of the nanobody-base sandwich ELISA were assessed using rhGH before testing in the quantification of hGH in blood sera and cell culture supernatants. CONCLUSION In regard to all advantages of nanobodies; stability, solubility, production affordability in Escherichia coli, and gene tailoring, nanobody-based phage sandwich ELISA developed here would provide a valuable method for hGH detection and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Murad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, Damascus, Syria
| | - Jana Mir Assaad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rasha Al-Shemali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdul Qader Abbady
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, AECS, Damascus, Syria
- *Correspondence: Abdul Qader Abbady,
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148
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Braig F, Kriegs M, Voigtlaender M, Habel B, Grob T, Biskup K, Blanchard V, Sack M, Thalhammer A, Ben Batalla I, Braren I, Laban S, Danielczyk A, Goletz S, Jakubowicz E, Märkl B, Trepel M, Knecht R, Riecken K, Fehse B, Loges S, Bokemeyer C, Binder M. Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer Is Mediated by EGFR-K 521 Polymorphism. Cancer Res 2016; 77:1188-1199. [PMID: 28031227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) exhibiting resistance to the EGFR-targeting drug cetuximab poses a challenge to their effective clinical management. Here, we report a specific mechanism of resistance in this setting based upon the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism encoding EGFR-K521 (K-allele), which is expressed in >40% of HNSCC cases. Patients expressing the K-allele showed significantly shorter progression-free survival upon palliative treatment with cetuximab plus chemotherapy or radiation. In several EGFR-mediated cancer models, cetuximab failed to inhibit downstream signaling or to kill cells harboring a high K-allele frequency. Cetuximab affinity for EGFR-K521 was reduced slightly, but ligand-mediated EGFR activation was intact. We found a lack of glycan sialyation on EGFR-K521 that associated with reduced protein stability, suggesting a structural basis for reduced cetuximab efficacy. CetuGEX, an antibody with optimized Fc glycosylation targeting the same epitope as cetuximab, restored HNSCC sensitivity in a manner associated with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity rather than EGFR pathway inhibition. Overall, our results highlight EGFR-K521 expression as a key mechanism of cetuximab resistance to evaluate prospectively as a predictive biomarker in HNSCC patients. Further, they offer a preclinical rationale for the use of ADCC-optimized antibodies to treat tumors harboring this EGFR isoform. Cancer Res; 77(5); 1188-99. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Braig
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Radiation Biology and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Minna Voigtlaender
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beate Habel
- Bioassays and Nonclinical Studies, GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Grob
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karina Biskup
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronique Blanchard
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Thalhammer
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Isabel Ben Batalla
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- HEXT Vector Facility/Institute for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Antje Danielczyk
- Bioassays and Nonclinical Studies, GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Bioassays and Nonclinical Studies, GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bruno Märkl
- Pathological Institute, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Rainald Knecht
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Center of the University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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149
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Needham SR, Roberts SK, Arkhipov A, Mysore VP, Tynan CJ, Zanetti-Domingues LC, Kim ET, Losasso V, Korovesis D, Hirsch M, Rolfe DJ, Clarke DT, Winn MD, Lajevardipour A, Clayton AHA, Pike LJ, Perani M, Parker PJ, Shan Y, Shaw DE, Martin-Fernandez ML. EGFR oligomerization organizes kinase-active dimers into competent signalling platforms. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13307. [PMID: 27796308 PMCID: PMC5095584 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling is activated by ligand-induced receptor dimerization. Notably, ligand binding also induces EGFR oligomerization, but the structures and functions of the oligomers are poorly understood. Here, we use fluorophore localization imaging with photobleaching to probe the structure of EGFR oligomers. We find that at physiological epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations, EGFR assembles into oligomers, as indicated by pairwise distances of receptor-bound fluorophore-conjugated EGF ligands. The pairwise ligand distances correspond well with the predictions of our structural model of the oligomers constructed from molecular dynamics simulations. The model suggests that oligomerization is mediated extracellularly by unoccupied ligand-binding sites and that oligomerization organizes kinase-active dimers in ways optimal for auto-phosphorylation in trans between neighbouring dimers. We argue that ligand-induced oligomerization is essential to the regulation of EGFR signalling. Epidermal growth factor receptors have been shown to oligomerise upon binding to their cognate ligands. Here, the authors use biochemical, biophysical and cell biology techniques to analyse the structures of these oligomers, and argue that these formations are required for signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Needham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Selene K Roberts
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | | | - Christopher J Tynan
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Laura C Zanetti-Domingues
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Eric T Kim
- D.E. Shaw Research, New York, New York 10036, USA
| | - Valeria Losasso
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Dimitrios Korovesis
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Michael Hirsch
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Daniel J Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - David T Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Martyn D Winn
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Alireza Lajevardipour
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Andrew H A Clayton
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Linda J Pike
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Michela Perani
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Peter J Parker
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Yibing Shan
- D.E. Shaw Research, New York, New York 10036, USA
| | - David E Shaw
- D.E. Shaw Research, New York, New York 10036, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
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150
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Farasat A, Rahbarizadeh F, Hosseinzadeh G, Sajjadi S, Kamali M, Keihan AH. Affinity enhancement of nanobody binding to EGFR: in silico site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1710-1728. [PMID: 27691399 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1192065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is overexpressed in many cancers such as head-neck, breast, prostate, and skin cancers for this reason it is a good target in cancer therapy and diagnosis. In nanobody-based cancer diagnosis and treatment, nanobodies with high affinity toward receptor (e.g. EGFR) results in effective treatment or diagnosis of cancer. In this regard, the main aim of this study is to develop a method based on molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for designing of 7D12 based nanobody with high affinity compared with wild-type nanobody. By surveying electrostatic and desolvation interactions between different residues of 7D12 and EGFR, the critical residues of 7D12 that play the main role in the binding of 7D12 to EGFR were elucidated and based on these residues, five logical variants were designed. Following the 50 ns MD simulations, pull and umbrella sampling simulation were performed for 7D12 and all its variants in complex with EGFR. Binding free energy of 7D12 (and all its variants) with EGFR was obtained by weighted histogram analysis method. According to binding free energy results, GLY101 to GLU mutation showed the highest binding affinity but this variant is unstable after 50 ns MD simulations. ALA100 to GLU mutation shows suitable binding enhancement with acceptable structural stability. Suitable position and orientation of GLU in residue 100 of 7D12 against related amino acids of EGFR formed some extra hydrogen and electrostatic interactions which resulted in binding enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farasat
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ghader Hosseinzadeh
- b Young Researchers and Elite Club, West Tehran Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sharareh Sajjadi
- c Faculty of Sciences, Roudehen Branch, Department of Biology , Islamic Azad University , Roudehen , Iran
| | - Mehdi Kamali
- d Nanobiotechnology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Keihan
- e Molecular Biology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
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