101
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Xu L, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Tan WS. Non-contact Coculture Reveals a Comprehensive Response of Chondrocytes Induced by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Trophic Secretion. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 15:37-48. [PMID: 30603533 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coculture between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes has significant implications in cartilage regeneration. However, a conclusive understanding remains elusive. Previously, we reported that rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs (rbBMSCs) could downregulate the differentiated phenotype of rabbit articular chondrocytes (rbACs) in a non-contact coculture system for the first time. In the present study, a systemic investigation was performed to understand the biological characteristics of chondrocytes in coculture with MSCs. Firstly, cells (MSCs and chondrocytes) from different origins were cocultured in transwell system. Different chondrocytes, when cocultured with different MSCs respectively, consistently demonstrated stimulated proliferation, transformed morphology and declined glycosaminoglycan secretion of chondrocytes. Next, cell surface molecules and the global gene expression of rbACs were characterized. It was found that cocultured rbACs showed a distinct surface molecule profile and global gene expression compared to both dedifferentiated rbACs and rbBMSCs. In the end, cocultured rbACs were passaged and induced to undergo the chondrogenic redifferentiation. Better growth and chondrogenesis ability were confirmed compared with control cells without coculture. Together, chondrocytes display comprehensive changes in coculture with MSCs and the cocultured rbACs are beneficial for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, P. O. Box 309#, Shanghai, 200237 People's Republic of China
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102
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Miyamoto K, Ohkawara B, Ito M, Masuda A, Hirakawa A, Sakai T, Hiraiwa H, Hamada T, Ishiguro N, Ohno K. Fluoxetine ameliorates cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184388. [PMID: 28926590 PMCID: PMC5604944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is implicated in the osteoarthritis (OA) pathology. We searched for a pre-approved drug that suppresses abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and has a potency to reduce joint pathology in OA. We introduced the TOPFlash reporter plasmid into HCS-2/8 human chondrosarcoma cells to estimate the Wnt/β-catenin activity in the presence of 10 μM each compound in a panel of pre-approved drugs. We found that fluoxetine, an antidepressant in the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), down-regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human chondrosarcoma cells. Fluoxetine inhibited both Wnt3A- and LiCl-induced loss of proteoglycans in chondrogenically differentiated ATDC5 cells. Fluoxetine increased expression of Sox9 (the chondrogenic master regulator), and decreased expressions of Axin2 (a marker for Wnt/β-catenin signaling) and Mmp13 (matrix metalloproteinase 13). Fluoxetine suppressed a LiCl-induced increase of total β-catenin and a LiCl-induced decrease of phosphorylated β-catenin in a dose-dependent manner. An in vitro protein-binding assay showed that fluoxetine enhanced binding of β-catenin with Axin1, which is a scaffold protein forming the degradation complex for β-catenin. Fluoxetine suppressed LiCl-induced β-catenin accumulation in human OA chondrocytes. Intraarticular injection of fluoxetine in a rat OA model ameliorated OA progression and suppressed β-catenin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyamoto
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Masuda
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Hiraiwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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103
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Surface characteristics of bioactive Ti fabricated by chemical treatment for cartilaginous-integration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:495-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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104
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Montagne K, Onuma Y, Ito Y, Aiki Y, Furukawa KS, Ushida T. High hydrostatic pressure induces pro-osteoarthritic changes in cartilage precursor cells: A transcriptome analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183226. [PMID: 28813497 PMCID: PMC5558982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high water content of cartilage, hydrostatic pressure is likely one of the main physical stimuli sensed by chondrocytes. Whereas, in the physiological range (0 to around 10 MPa), hydrostatic pressure exerts mostly pro-chondrogenic effects in chondrocyte models, excessive pressures have been reported to induce detrimental effects on cartilage, such as increased apoptosis and inflammation, and decreased cartilage marker expression. Though some genes modulated by high pressure have been identified, the effects of high pressure on the global gene expression pattern have still not been investigated. In this study, using microarray technology and real-time PCR validation, we analyzed the transcriptome of ATDC5 chondrocyte progenitors submitted to a continuous pressure of 25 MPa for up to 24 h. Several hundreds of genes were found to be modulated by pressure, including some not previously known to be mechano-sensitive. High pressure markedly increased the expression of stress-related genes, apoptosis-related genes and decreased that of cartilage matrix genes. Furthermore, a large set of genes involved in the progression of osteoarthritis were also induced by high pressure, suggesting that hydrostatic pressure could partly mimic in vitro some of the genetic alterations occurring in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Montagne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TU); (KM)
| | - Yasuko Onuma
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Aiki
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katsuko S. Furukawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (TU); (KM)
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105
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Luo T, David MA, Dunshee LC, Scott RA, Urello MA, Price C, Kiick KL. Thermoresponsive Elastin-b-Collagen-Like Peptide Bioconjugate Nanovesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Collagen-Containing Matrices. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2539-2551. [PMID: 28719196 PMCID: PMC5815509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, (poly)peptide block copolymers have been widely employed in generating well-defined nanostructures as vehicles for targeted drug delivery applications. We previously reported the assembly of thermoresponsive nanoscale vesicles from an elastin-b-collagen-like peptide (ELP-CLP). The vesicles were observed to dissociate at elevated temperatures, despite the LCST-like behavior of the tethered ELP domain, which is suggested to be triggered by the unfolding of the CLP domain. Here, the potential of using the vesicles as drug delivery vehicles for targeting collagen-containing matrices is evaluated. The sustained release of an encapsulated model drug was achieved over a period of 3 weeks, following which complete release could be triggered via heating. The ELP-CLP vesicles show strong retention on a collagen substrate, presumably through collagen triple helix interactions. Cell viability and proliferation studies using fibroblasts and chondrocytes suggest that the vesicles are highly cytocompatible. Additionally, essentially no activation of a macrophage-like cell line is observed, suggesting that the vesicles do not initiate an inflammatory response. Endowed with thermally controlled delivery, the ability to bind collagen, and excellent cytocompatibility, these ELP-CLP nanovesicles are suggested to have significant potential in the controlled delivery of drugs to collagen-containing matrices and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhi Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Michael A. David
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Lucas C. Dunshee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Morgan A. Urello
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Christopher Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
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106
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Yao Y, Huang Y, Qian D, Zhang S, Chen Y, Bai B. Effect of Various Ratios of Co‐Cultured ATDC5 Cells and Chondrocytes on the Expression of Cartilaginous Phenotype in Microcavitary Alginate Hydrogel. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3607-3615. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Yao
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materialsGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yuyang Huang
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materialsGuangzhou510120China
| | - Dongyang Qian
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materialsGuangzhou510120China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materialsGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materialsGuangzhou510120China
| | - Bo Bai
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Guangdong key laboratory of orthopaedic technology and implant materialsGuangzhou510120China
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107
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Le BQ, Vasilevich A, Vermeulen S, Hulshof F, Stamatialis DF, van Blitterswijk CA, de Boer J. Micro-Topographies Promote Late Chondrogenic Differentiation Markers in the ATDC5 Cell Line. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:458-469. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bach Q. Le
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aliaksei Vasilevich
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Hulshof
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios F. Stamatialis
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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108
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Quang Le B, Van Blitterswijk C, De Boer J. An Approach to In Vitro Manufacturing of Hypertrophic Cartilage Matrix for Bone Repair. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4020035. [PMID: 28952514 PMCID: PMC5590482 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Devitalized hypertrophic cartilage matrix (DCM) is an attractive concept for an off-the-shelf bone graft substitute. Upon implantation, DCM can trigger the natural endochondral ossification process, but only when the hypertrophic cartilage matrix has been reconstituted correctly. In vivo hypertrophic differentiation has been reported for multiple cell types but up-scaling and in vivo devitalization remain a big challenge. To this end, we developed a micro tissue-engineered cartilage (MiTEC) model using the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5. Micro-aggregates of ATDC5 cells (approximately 1000 cells per aggregate) were cultured on a 3% agarose mold consisting of 1585 microwells, each measuring 400 µm in diameter. Chondrogenic differentiation was strongly enhanced using media supplemented with combinations of growth factors e.g., insulin, transforming growth factor beta and dexamethasone. Next, mineralization was induced by supplying the culture medium with beta-glycerophosphate, and finally we boosted the secretion of proangiogenic growth factors using the hypoxia mimetic phenanthroline in the final stage of in vivo culture. Then, ATDC5 aggregates were devitalized by freeze/thawing or sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment before co-culturing with human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). We observed a strong effect on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Using this MiTEC model, we were able to not only upscale the production of cartilage to a clinically relevant amount but were also able to vary the cartilage matrix composition in different ways, making MiTEC an ideal model to develop DCM as a bone graft substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Quang Le
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Clemens Van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan De Boer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Postbus 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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109
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Caron MMJ, Emans PJ, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, van Rhijn LW, Welting TJM. Indomethacin induces differential effects on in vitro endochondral ossification depending on the chondrocyte's differentiation stage. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:847-857. [PMID: 27273119 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal formation of bone in soft tissues and is a frequent complication of hip replacement surgery. Heterotopic ossifications are described to develop via endochondral ossification and standard treatment is administration of indomethacin. It is currently unknown how indomethacin influences heterotopic ossification on a molecular level; therefore, we aimed to determine whether indomethacin might influence heterotopic ossification via impairing the chondrogenic phase of endochondral ossification. Progenitor cell models differentiating in the chondrogenic lineage (ATDC5, primary human bone marrow stem cells and ex vivo periosteal agarose cultures) were treated with increasing concentrations of indomethacin and a decrease in gene- and protein expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophic markers (measured by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting) as well as decreased glycosamino-glycan content (by alcian blue histochemistry) was observed. Even when hypertrophic differentiation was provoked, the addition of indomethacin resulted in decreased hypertrophic marker expression. Interestingly, when mature chondrocytes were treated with indomethacin, a clear increase in collagen type 2 expression was observed. Similarly, when ATDC5 cells and bone marrow stem cells were pre-differentiated to obtain a chondrocyte phenotype and indomethacin was added from this time point onward, low concentrations of indomethacin also resulted in increased chondrogenic differentiation. Indomethacin induces differential effects on in vitro endochondral ossification, depending on the chondrocyte's differentiation stage, with complete inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation as the most pronounced action. This observation may provide a rational behind the elusive mode of action of indomethacin in the treatment of heterotopic ossifications. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:847-857, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein M J Caron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Emans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Don A M Surtel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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110
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Cao Z, Dou C, Li J, Tang X, Xiang J, Zhao C, Zhu L, Bai Y, Xiang Q, Dong S. Cordycepin inhibits chondrocyte hypertrophy of mesenchymal stem cells through PI3K/Bapx1 and Notch signaling pathway. BMB Rep 2017; 49:548-553. [PMID: 27439604 PMCID: PMC5227296 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering to repair articular cartilage defects. However, hypertrophy of chondrocytes derived from MSCs might hinder the stabilization of hyaline cartilage. Thus, it is very important to find a suitable way to maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of chondrocytes. It has been reported that cordycepin has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions. However, the role of cordycepin in chondrocyte hypertrophy remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of cordycepin on chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in MSCs and ATDC5 cells. Cordycepin upregulated chondrogenic markers including Sox9 and collagen type II while down-regulated hypertrophic markers including Runx2 and collagen type X. Further exploration showed that cordycepin promoted chondrogenesis through inhibiting Nrf2 while activating BMP signaling. Besides, cordycepin suppressed chondrocyte hypertrophy through PI3K/Bapx1 pathway and Notch signaling. Our results indicated cordycepin had the potential to maintain chondrocyte phenotype and reconstruct engineered cartilage. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(10): 548-553]
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University and National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ce Dou
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiangyu Tang
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junyu Xiang
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunrong Zhao
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lingyu Zhu
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yun Bai
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiang Xiang
- Department of Emergency, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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111
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Ayerst BI, Smith RAA, Nurcombe V, Day AJ, Merry CLR, Cool SM. Growth Differentiation Factor 5-Mediated Enhancement of Chondrocyte Phenotype Is Inhibited by Heparin: Implications for the Use of Heparin in the Clinic and in Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:275-292. [PMID: 27899064 PMCID: PMC5397242 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparin is widely used in the clinic as an anticoagulant, and researchers are now using it to enhance stem cell expansion/differentiation protocols, as well as to improve the delivery of growth factors for tissue engineering (TE) strategies. Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein family of proteins and is vital for skeletal formation; however, its interaction with heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) has not been studied. We identify GDF5 as a novel heparin/HS binding protein and show that HS proteoglycans are vital in localizing GDF5 to the cell surface. Clinically relevant doses of heparin (≥10 nM), but not equivalent concentrations of HS, were found to inhibit GDF5's biological activity in both human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived chondrocyte pellet cultures and the skeletal cell line ATDC5. We also found that heparin inhibited both GDF5 binding to cell surface HS and GDF5-induced induction of Smad 1/5/8 signaling. Furthermore, GDF5 significantly increased aggrecan gene expression in chondrocyte pellet cultures, without affecting collagen type X expression, making it a promising target for the TE of articular cartilage. Importantly, this study may explain the variable (and disappointing) results seen with heparin-loaded biomaterials for skeletal TE and the adverse skeletal effects reported in the clinic following long-term heparin treatment. Our results caution the use of heparin in the clinic and in TE applications, and prompt the transition to using more specific GAGs (e.g., HS derivatives), with better-defined structures and fewer off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethanie I Ayerst
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore .,2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond A A Smith
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony J Day
- 2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biology, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- 3 School of Materials, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom .,4 Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M Cool
- 1 Institute of Medical Biology , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore .,5 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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112
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Choi H, Choi Y, Kim J, Bae J, Roh J. Longitudinal bone growth is impaired by direct involvement of caffeine with chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate. J Anat 2017; 230:117-127. [PMID: 27484046 PMCID: PMC5192894 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that caffeine adversely affects longitudinal bone growth and disrupts the histomorphometry of the growth plate during the pubertal growth spurt. However, little attention has been paid to the direct effects of caffeine on chondrocytes. Here, we investigated the direct effects of caffeine on chondrocytes of the growth plate in vivo and in vitro using a rapidly growing young rat model, and determined whether they were related to the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. A total of 15 male rats (21 days old) were divided randomly into three groups: a control group and two groups fed caffeine via gavage with 120 and 180 mg kg-1 day-1 for 4 weeks. After sacrifice, the tibia processed for the analysis of the long bone growth and proliferation of chondrocytes using tetracycline and BrdU incorporation, respectively. Caffeine-fed animals showed decreases in matrix mineralization and proliferation rate of growth plate chondrocytes compared with the control. To evaluate whether caffeine directly affects chondrocyte proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation, primary rat chondrocytes were isolated from the growth plates and cultured in either the presence or absence of caffeine at concentrations of 0.1-1 mm, followed by determination of the cellular proliferation or expression profiles of cellular differentiation markers. Caffeine caused significant decreases in extracellular matrix production, mineralization, and alkaline phosphatase activity, accompanied with decreases in gene expression of the cartilage-specific matrix proteins such as aggrecan, type II collagen and type X. Our results clearly demonstrate that caffeine is capable of interfering with cartilage induction by directly inhibiting the synthetic activity and orderly expression of marker genes relevant to chondrocyte maturation. In addition, we found that the adenosine type 1 receptor signaling pathway may be partly involved in the detrimental effects of caffeine on chondrogenic differentiation, specifically matrix production and mineralization, as evidenced by attenuation of the inhibitory effects of caffeine by blockade of this receptor. Thus, our study provides novel information on the integration of caffeine and adenosine receptor signaling during chondrocyte maturation, extending our understanding of the effect of caffeine at a cellular level on chondrocytes of the growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonhae Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jisook Kim
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jaeman Bae
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jaesook Roh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell BiologyCollege of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
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113
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Karamesinis K, Spyropoulou A, Dalagiorgou G, Katsianou MA, Nokhbehsaim M, Memmert S, Deschner J, Vastardis H, Piperi C. Continuous hydrostatic pressure induces differentiation phenomena in chondrocytes mediated by changes in polycystins, SOX9, and RUNX2. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 78:21-31. [PMID: 27909759 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of hydrostatic pressure on chondrocyte differentiation, as indicated by protein levels of transcription factors SOX9 and RUNX2, on transcriptional activity of SOX9, as determined by pSOX9 levels, and on the expression of polycystin-encoding genes Pkd1 and Pkd2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ATDC5 cells were cultured in insulin-supplemented differentiation medium (ITS) and/or exposed to 14.7 kPa of hydrostatic pressure for 12, 24, 48, and 96 h. Cell extracts were assessed for SOX9, pSOX9, and RUNX2 using western immunoblotting. The Pkd1 and Pkd2 mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS Hydrostatic pressure resulted in an early drop in SOX9 and pSOX9 protein levels at 12 h followed by an increase from 24 h onwards. A reverse pattern was followed by RUNX2, which reached peak levels at 24 h of hydrostatic pressure-treated chondrocytes in ITS culture. Pkd1 and Pkd2 mRNA levels increased at 24 h of combined hydrostatic pressure and ITS treatment, with the latter remaining elevated up to 96 h. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that long periods of continuous hydrostatic pressure stimulate chondrocyte differentiation through a series of molecular events involving SOX9, RUNX2, and polycystins-1, 2, providing a theoretical background for functional orthopedic mechanotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karamesinis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.,Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Dalagiorgou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria A Katsianou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heleni Vastardis
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Yu M, Yi SQ, Wu YR, Sun HL, Song FF, Wang JW. Ddit3 suppresses the differentiation of mouse chondroprogenitor cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:156-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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115
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Diaz-Romero J, Kürsener S, Kohl S, Nesic D. S100B + A1 CELISA: A Novel Potency Assay and Screening Tool for Redifferentiation Stimuli of Human Articular Chondrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1559-1570. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Diaz-Romero
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Kürsener
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sandro Kohl
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Dobrila Nesic
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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116
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Higa K, Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Goto K, Wada S, Nonoyama T, Kanaya F, Sugahara K, Gong JP, Yasuda K. Fundamental biomaterial properties of tough glycosaminoglycan-containing double network hydrogels newly developed using the molecular stent method. Acta Biomater 2016; 43:38-49. [PMID: 27427226 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to clarify fundamental mechanical properties and biological responses of the sodium hyaluronate-containing double network (HA-DN) gel and chondroitin sulfate-containing double network (CS-DN) gel, which were newly developed using the molecular stent method. This study discovered the following facts. First, these hydrogels had high mechanical performance comparable to the native cartilage tissue, and the mechanical properties were not affected by immersion in the saline solution for 12weeks. Secondly, the mechanical properties of the CS-DN gel were not significantly reduced at 12weeks in vivo, while the mechanical properties of the HA-DN gel were significantly deteriorated at 6weeks. Thirdly, the degree of inflammation around the HA-DN gel was the same as that around the negative control. The CS-DN gel showed a mild but significant foreign body reaction, which was significantly greater than the negative control and less than the positive control at 1week, while the inflammation was reduced to the same level as the negative control at 4 and 6weeks. Fourthly, these gels induced differentiation of the ATDC5 cells into chondrocytes in the culture with the insulin-free maintenance medium. These findings suggest that these tough hydrogels are potential biomaterials for future application to therapeutic implants such as artificial cartilage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The present study reported fundamental biomaterial properties of the sodium hyaluronate-containing double network (HA-DN) gel and chondroitin sulfate-containing double network (CS-DN) gel, which were newly developed using the molecular stent method. Both the HA- and CS-DN gels had high mechanical properties comparable to the cartilage tissue and showed the ability to induce chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in vitro. They are potential biomaterials that may meet the requirements of artificial cartilage concerning the material properties. Further, these DN gels can be also applied to the implantable inducer for cell-free cartilage regeneration therapy.
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117
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You F, Wu X, Zhu N, Lei M, Eames BF, Chen X. 3D Printing of Porous Cell-Laden Hydrogel Constructs for Potential Applications in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1200-1210. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ning Zhu
- Canadian Light Source Inc., 44
Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | - Ming Lei
- FEI Visualization Sciences Group, 16700 Park Row Drive, Houston, Texas 77084, United States
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
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118
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Lu C, Jain SU, Hoelper D, Bechet D, Molden RC, Ran L, Murphy D, Venneti S, Hameed M, Pawel BR, Wunder JS, Dickson BC, Lundgren SM, Jani KS, De Jay N, Papillon-Cavanagh S, Andrulis IL, Sawyer SL, Grynspan D, Turcotte RE, Nadaf J, Fahiminiyah S, Muir TW, Majewski J, Thompson CB, Chi P, Garcia BA, Allis CD, Jabado N, Lewis PW. Histone H3K36 mutations promote sarcomagenesis through altered histone methylation landscape. Science 2016; 352:844-9. [PMID: 27174990 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several types of pediatric cancers reportedly contain high-frequency missense mutations in histone H3, yet the underlying oncogenic mechanism remains poorly characterized. Here we report that the H3 lysine 36-to-methionine (H3K36M) mutation impairs the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells and generates undifferentiated sarcoma in vivo. H3K36M mutant nucleosomes inhibit the enzymatic activities of several H3K36 methyltransferases. Depleting H3K36 methyltransferases, or expressing an H3K36I mutant that similarly inhibits H3K36 methylation, is sufficient to phenocopy the H3K36M mutation. After the loss of H3K36 methylation, a genome-wide gain in H3K27 methylation leads to a redistribution of polycomb repressive complex 1 and de-repression of its target genes known to block mesenchymal differentiation. Our findings are mirrored in human undifferentiated sarcomas in which novel K36M/I mutations in H3.1 are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Siddhant U Jain
- Epigenetics Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Dominik Hoelper
- Epigenetics Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Denise Bechet
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - Rosalynn C Molden
- Epigenetics Program and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Leili Ran
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Devan Murphy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bruce R Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jay S Wunder
- University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Department of Surgical Oncology and Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Stefan M Lundgren
- Epigenetics Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Krupa S Jani
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nicolas De Jay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | | | - Irene L Andrulis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Sarah L Sawyer
- Department of Medical Genetics and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Robert E Turcotte
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - Somayyeh Fahiminiyah
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - Tom W Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Program and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada. Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada.
| | - Peter W Lewis
- Epigenetics Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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Li J, Luo H, Wang R, Lang J, Zhu S, Zhang Z, Fang J, Qu K, Lin Y, Long H, Yao Y, Tian G, Wu Q. Systematic Reconstruction of Molecular Cascades Regulating GP Development Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1467-1480. [PMID: 27160914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth plate (GP) comprising sequentially differentiated cell layers is a critical structure for bone elongation and regeneration. Although several key regulators in GP development have been identified using genetic perturbation, systematic understanding is still limited. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to determine the gene expression profiles of 217 single cells from GPs and developed a bioinformatics pipeline named Sinova to de novo reconstruct physiological GP development in both temporal and spatial high resolution. Our unsupervised model not only confirmed prior knowledge, but also enabled the systematic discovery of genes, potential signal pathways, and surface markers CD9/CD200 to precisely depict development. Sinova further identified the effective combination of transcriptional factors (TFs) that regulates GP maturation, and the result was validated using an in vitro EGFP-Col10a screening system. Our case systematically reconstructed molecular cascades in GP development through single-cell profiling, and the bioinformatics pipeline is applicable to other developmental processes. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haofei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jidong Lang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Siyu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhuo Fang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Keke Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Haizhou Long
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic & System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Yi Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic & System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Geng Tian
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Synthetic & System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China.
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Pathak JL, Verschueren P, Lems WF, Bravenboer N, Klein-Nulend J, Bakker AD, Luyten FP. Serum of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis inhibits differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursor cells. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:226-35. [PMID: 27050327 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2016.1146714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Delayed fracture healing is frequently experienced in patients with systemic inflammation such as during rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The reasons for this are diverse, but could also be caused by inflammatory cytokines and/or growth factors in serum from patients with active disease. We hypothesized that serum from patients with active RA contains circulating inflammatory factors that inhibit differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursors. Serum was obtained from 15 patients with active RA (active RA-sera) and from the same patients in clinical remission 1 year later (remission RA-sera; controls). The effect of active RA-sera on osteochondrogenic differentiation of chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and primary human periosteum-derived progenitor cells (HPDC) was determined in micromass culture. In ATDC5 cells, active RA-sera reduced Ki67 transcription levels by 40% and cartilage matrix accumulation by 14% at day 14, and Alp transcription levels by 16%, and matrix mineralization by 17% at day 21 compared with remission RA-sera. In HPDCs, active RA-sera inhibited metabolic activity by 8%, SOX9 transcription levels by 14%, and cartilage matrix accumulation by 7% at day 7 compared with remission RA-sera. In conclusion, sera from patients with active RA negatively affect differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursors, and as a consequence may contribute to delayed fracture healing in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janak L Pathak
- a Department of Oral Cell Biology , Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , KU Leuven, Leuven , Belgium.,c Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST), Tianjin University , Tianjin , China
| | - Patrick Verschueren
- b Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , KU Leuven, Leuven , Belgium
| | - Willem F Lems
- d Department of Rheumatology , VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- e Department of Clinical Chemistry , VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- a Department of Oral Cell Biology , Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- a Department of Oral Cell Biology , Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Frank P Luyten
- b Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center , KU Leuven, Leuven , Belgium
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The Role of Prostaglandins and COX-Enzymes in Chondrogenic Differentiation of ATDC5 Progenitor Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153162. [PMID: 27050768 PMCID: PMC4822966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives NSAIDs are used to relieve pain and decrease inflammation by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-catalyzed prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. PGs are fatty acid mediators involved in cartilage homeostasis, however the action of their synthesizing COX-enzymes in cartilage differentiation is not well understood. In this study we hypothesized that COX-1 and COX-2 have differential roles in chondrogenic differentiation. Methods ATDC5 cells were differentiated in the presence of COX-1 (SC-560, Mofezolac) or COX-2 (NS398, Celecoxib) specific inhibitors. Specificity of the NSAIDs and inhibition of specific prostaglandin levels were determined by EIA. Prostaglandins were added during the differentiation process. Chondrogenic outcome was determined by gene- and protein expression analyses. Results Inhibition of COX-1 prevented Col2a1 and Col10a1 expression. Inhibition of COX-2 resulted in decreased Col10a1 expression, while Col2a1 remained unaffected. To explain this difference expression patterns of both COX-enzymes as well as specific prostaglandin concentrations were determined. Both COX-enzymes are upregulated during late chondrogenic differentiation, whereas only COX-2 is briefly expressed also early in differentiation. PGD2 and PGE2 followed the COX-2 expression pattern, whereas PGF2α and TXA2 levels remained low. Furthermore, COX inhibition resulted in decreased levels of all tested PGs, except for PGD2 and PGF2α in the COX-1 inhibited condition. Addition of PGE2 and PGF2α resulted in increased expression of chondrogenic markers, whereas TXA2 increased expression of hypertrophic markers. Conclusions Our findings point towards a differential role for COX-enzymes and PG-production in chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Ongoing research is focusing on further elucidating the functional partition of cyclooxygenases and specific prostaglandin production.
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Yao Y, Zeng L, Huang Y. The enhancement of chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells in RGD-immobilized microcavitary alginate hydrogels. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:92-101. [PMID: 27000189 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216640397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In our previous work, we have developed an effective microcavitary alginate hydrogel for proliferation of chondrocytes and maintenance of chondrocytic phenotype. In present work, we investigated whether microcavitary alginate hydrogel could promote the chondrogenesis of progenitor cells. Moreover, we attempted to further optimize this system by incorporating synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide. ATDC5 cells were seeded into microcavitary alginate hydrogel with or without Arg-Gly-Asp immobilization. Cell Counting Kit-8 and live/dead staining were conducted to analyze cell proliferation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), hematoxylin and eosin, and Toluidine blue O staining as well as Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the cartilaginous markers at transcriptional level and at protein level, respectively. The obtained data demonstrated that Arg-Gly-Asp-immobilized microcavitary alginate hydrogel was preferable to promote the cell proliferation. Also, Arg-Gly-Asp-immobilized microcavitary alginate hydrogel improved the expression of chondrocytic genes including Collagen II and Aggrecan when compared with microcavitary alginate hydrogel. The results suggested that microcavitary alginate hydrogel could promote the chondrogenesis. And Arg-Gly-Asp would be promising to ameliorate this culture system for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials
| | - Lei Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials
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Wang Z, Iida A, Miyake N, Nishiguchi KM, Fujita K, Nakazawa T, Alswaid A, Albalwi MA, Kim OH, Cho TJ, Lim GY, Isidor B, David A, Rustad CF, Merckoll E, Westvik J, Stattin EL, Grigelioniene G, Kou I, Nakajima M, Ohashi H, Smithson S, Matsumoto N, Nishimura G, Ikegawa S. Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia Is Caused by C21orf2 Mutations. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150555. [PMID: 26974433 PMCID: PMC4790905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Axial spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (axial SMD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by dysplasia of axial skeleton and retinal dystrophy. We conducted whole exome sequencing and identified C21orf2 (chromosome 21 open reading frame 2) as a disease gene for axial SMD. C21orf2 mutations have been recently found to cause isolated retinal degeneration and Jeune syndrome. We found a total of five biallelic C21orf2 mutations in six families out of nine: three missense and two splicing mutations in patients with various ethnic backgrounds. The pathogenic effects of the splicing (splice-site and branch-point) mutations were confirmed on RNA level, which showed complex patterns of abnormal splicing. C21orf2 mutations presented with a wide range of skeletal phenotypes, including cupped and flared anterior ends of ribs, lacy ilia and metaphyseal dysplasia of proximal femora. Analysis of patients without C21orf2 mutation indicated genetic heterogeneity of axial SMD. Functional data in chondrocyte suggest C21orf2 is implicated in cartilage differentiation. C21orf2 protein was localized to the connecting cilium of the cone and rod photoreceptors, confirming its significance in retinal function. Our study indicates that axial SMD is a member of a unique group of ciliopathy affecting skeleton and retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Aritoshi Iida
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236–0004, Japan
| | - Koji M. Nishiguchi
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujita
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
- Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
- Department of Opthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980–8574, Japan
| | - Abdulrahman Alswaid
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 22490, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Albalwi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, 22490, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, Woorisoa Children's Hospital, Seoul, 08291, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Yeon Lim
- Department of Radiology, St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University, Seoul, 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale and INSERM, UMR-S 957, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Albert David
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale and INSERM, UMR-S 957, Nantes, 44093, France
| | - Cecilie F. Rustad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Section for Clinical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Else Merckoll
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Jostein Westvik
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Eva-Lena Stattin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Medical and Clinical Genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, 90187, Sweden
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Ikuyo Kou
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
| | - Hirohumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children’s Medical Center, Saitama, 339–8551, Japan
| | - Sarah Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St. Michaels Hospital, Bristol, BS2 8EG, United Kingdom
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236–0004, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, 183–8561, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, 108–8639, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Taylor SEB, Li YH, Smeriglio P, Rath M, Wong WH, Bhutani N. Stable 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) Acquisition Marks Gene Activation During Chondrogenic Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:524-34. [PMID: 26363184 PMCID: PMC4860191 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression changes during chondrogenic differentiation by DNA methylation and demethylation is little understood. Methylated cytosines (5mC) are oxidized by the ten-eleven-translocation (TET) proteins to 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC), 5-formylcytosines (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosines (5caC), eventually leading to a replacement by unmethylated cytosines (C), ie, DNA demethylation. Additionally, 5hmC is stable and acts as an epigenetic mark by itself. Here, we report that global changes in 5hmC mark chondrogenic differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Tibia anlagen and growth plate analyses during limb development at mouse embryonic days E 11.5, 13.5, and 17.5 showed dynamic changes in 5hmC levels in the differentiating chondrocytes. A similar increase in 5hmC levels was observed in the ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cell line accompanied by increased expression of the TET proteins during in vitro differentiation. Loss of TET1 in ATDC5 decreased 5hmC levels and impaired differentiation, demonstrating a functional role for TET1-mediated 5hmC dynamics in chondrogenic differentiation. Global analyses of the 5hmC-enriched sequences during early and late chondrogenic differentiation identified 5hmC distribution to be enriched in the regulatory regions of genes preceding the transcription start site (TSS), as well as in the gene bodies. Stable gains in 5hmC were observed in specific subsets of genes, including genes associated with cartilage development and in chondrogenic lineage-specific genes. 5hmC gains in regulatory promoter and enhancer regions as well as in gene bodies were strongly associated with activated but not repressed genes, indicating a potential regulatory role for DNA hydroxymethylation in chondrogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. B. Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ye Henry Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Piera Smeriglio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Madhusikta Rath
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wing H. Wong
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Hart LR, Li S, Sturgess C, Wildman R, Jones JR, Hayes W. 3D Printing of Biocompatible Supramolecular Polymers and their Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3115-3122. [PMID: 26766139 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of polymers capable of self-assembling into infinite networks via supramolecular interactions have been designed, synthesized, and characterized for use in 3D printing applications. The biocompatible polymers and their composites with silica nanoparticles were successfully utilized to deposit both simple cubic structures, as well as a more complex twisted pyramidal feature. The polymers were found to be not toxic to a chondrogenic cell line, according to ISO 10993-5 and 10993-12 standard tests and the cells attached to the supramolecular polymers as demonstrated by confocal microscopy. Silica nanoparticles were then dispersed within the polymer matrix, yielding a composite material which was optimized for inkjet printing. The hybrid material showed promise in preliminary tests to facilitate the 3D deposition of a more complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis R Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Craig Sturgess
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ricky Wildman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Wayne Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, U.K
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Interleukin-1β induces fibroblast growth factor 2 expression and subsequently promotes endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis in chondrocytes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:667-81. [PMID: 26811540 PMCID: PMC4797417 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important event in the process of arthritis. Stimulating chondrocytes with IL-1β increased the expression of FGF-2, via the IL-1RI/ROS/AMPK/p38/NF-κB signalling pathway. FGF-2-neutralizing antibody abolished ATDC5-conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Arthritis is a process of chronic inflammation that results in joint damage. IL (interleukin)-1β is an inflammatory cytokine that acts as a key mediator of cartilage degradation, and is abundantly expressed in arthritis. Neovascularization is one of the pathological characteristics of arthritis. However, the role of IL-1β in the angiogenesis of chondrocytes remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that stimulating chondrocytes (ATDC5) with IL-1β increased the expression of FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-2, a potent angiogenic inducer, and then promoted EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) tube formation and migration. In addition, FGF-2-neutralizing antibody abolished ATDC5-conditional medium-mediated angiogenesis in vitro, as well as its angiogenic effects in the CAM (chick chorioallantoic membrane) assay and Matrigel plug nude mice model in vivo. IHC (immunohistochemistry) staining from a CIA (collagen-induced arthritis) mouse model also demonstrates that arthritis increased the expression of IL-1β and FGF-2, as well as EPC homing in articular cartilage. Moreover, IL-1β-induced FGF-2 expression via IL-1RI (type-1 IL-1 receptor), ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), p38 and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway has been demonstrated. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that IL-1β promotes FGF-2 expression in chondrocytes through the ROS/AMPK/p38/NF-κB signalling pathway and subsequently increases EPC angiogenesis. Therefore IL-1β serves as a link between inflammation and angiogenesis during arthritis.
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Santoro A, Conde J, Scotece M, Abella V, López V, Pino J, Gómez R, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Choosing the right chondrocyte cell line: Focus on nitric oxide. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1784-8. [PMID: 26016689 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been considered a catabolic factor that contributes to OA pathology by inducing chondrocytes apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinases synthesis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Thus, the research on NO regulation in chondrocytes represents a relevant field which needs to be explored in depth. However, to date, only the murine ATDC-5 cell line and primary chondrocytes are well-established cells to study NO production in cartilage tissues. The goal of this study is to determine whether two commonly used human chondrocytic cell lines: SW-1353 and T/C-28a2 cell lines are good models to examine lipopolysaccharide and/or pro-inflammatory cytokine-driven NO release and iNOS expression. To this aim, we carefully examined NO production and iNOS protein expression in human T/C-28a2 and SW-1353 chondrocytes stimulated with LPS and interleukin (IL)-1 alone or in combination. We also use ATDC-5 cells as a positive control for NO production. NO accumulation has been determined by colorimetric Griess reaction, whereas NOS type II expression was determined by Western Blot analysis. Our results clearly demonstrated that neither human T/C-28a2 nor SW-1353 chondrocytes showed a detectable increase in NO production or iNOS expression after bacterial endotoxin or cytokines challenge with IL-1. Our study demonstrated that T/C-28a2 and SW-1353 human cell lines are not suitable for studying NO release and iNOS expression confirming that ATDC5 and human primary cultured chondrocytes are the best in vitro cell system to study the actions derived from this mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santoro
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Conde
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Morena Scotece
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa Abella
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Division of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Gómez-Reino
- Department of Medicine and SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Division of Rheumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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128
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Goto K, Kimura T, Kitamura N, Semba S, Ohmiya Y, Aburatani S, Matsukura S, Tsuda M, Kurokawa T, Ping Gong J, Tanaka S, Yasuda K. Synthetic PAMPS gel activates BMP/Smad signaling pathway in ATDC5 cells, which plays a significant role in the gel-induced chondrogenic differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:734-746. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Goto
- Department of Sports Medicine; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Taichi Kimura
- Department of Cancer Pathology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Nobuto Kitamura
- Department of Sports Medicine; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Shingo Semba
- Department of Sports Medicine; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Biomedical Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Computational Biology Research Center; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoko Matsukura
- Biomedical Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter; Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences; Hokkaido University Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Sapporo Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter; Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences; Hokkaido University Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Sapporo Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kazunori Yasuda
- Department of Sports Medicine; Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine; Sapporo Japan
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Hou C, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wu P, Zhao X, Fu M, Sheng P, Kang Y, Liao W. Presence and function of microRNA-92a in chondrogenic ATDC5 and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4877-86. [PMID: 26135269 PMCID: PMC4581768 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and biological function of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) in chondrogenesis and cartilage degeneration. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in micromass and chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells were induced to chondrogenesis, and primary human/mouse chondrocytes (PHCs/PMCs) and chondrogenic ATDC5 cells were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). An miR-92a mimic/inhibitor was transfected into the ATDC5 cells using lipofectamine 2000. Gene expression was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Alcian blue was used to stain the cartilage nodules and chondrogenic micromass. The potential target genes, signaling pathways and functions of miR-92a were examined using miRanda, miRDB, CLIP-Seq, TargetScan and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The expression of miR-92a was elevated in the chondrogenic ATDC5 cells and hADSCs, and also in the IL-1β-induced ATDC5 cells, PMCs and PHCs. Forced expression of miR-92a enhanced the expression levels of col9a2 and aggrecan. A total of 279 genes were predicted as potential target genes of miR-92a. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/PI3K)-Akt, ErbB and focal adhesion kinase pathways, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were suggested to mediate the effects of miR-92a on chondrogenesis and cartilage degeneration. These results demonstrated that miR-92a was involved in chondrogenesis and the chondrocyte response induced by IL-1β. miR-92a positively contributed to the expression of col9a2 and of aggrecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Hou
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ziji Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Peihui Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Rajaram A, Schreyer DJ, Chen DX. Use of the polycation polyethyleneimine to improve the physical properties of alginate–hyaluronic acid hydrogel during fabrication of tissue repair scaffolds. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:433-45. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1016383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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131
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Constitutive L-Sox5 overexpression delays differentiation of ATDC5 cells into chondrocytes and correlates with reduced expression of differentiation markers. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 401:21-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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132
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Koretsi V, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Römer P. Expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and its role in ROS-induced apoptosis. Eur J Orthod 2014; 37:308-13. [PMID: 25312980 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cju045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Chondrogenesis is an integral part of endochondral bone formation, by which the midline cranial base is developed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required in chondrogenic differentiation and antioxidant enzymes regulate their levels. The aim of this study was to localize the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) at the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, as well as its effect on ROS challenge and its expression pattern in the course of differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gpx1 was semiquantified in immunohistochemically stained sections of spheno-occipital synchondroses of rats. The effect of Gpx1 on ROS-induced apoptosis was investigated by manipulating the expression of Gpx1 in ATDC5 cells. The temporal pattern of Gpx1 expression was determined during chondrocyte differentiation for 21 days in vitro. RESULTS Proliferating chondrocytes exhibited the greatest Gpx1 immunoreactivity and hypertrophic ones the lowest (P = 0.02). Cells transfected with Gpx1-siRNA had the highest apoptotic rate, while cells overexpressing Gpx1 the lowest one (P < 0.001). Gpx1 was significantly increased on days 10 (P = 0.02) and 14 (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hypertrophic chondrocytes have the lowest Gpx1 activity in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Gpx1 is implicated in the ROS-induced apoptosis in chondrocytes. Its expression was not constitutive during chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Koretsi
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Germany
| | - Piero Römer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Germany
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Evans DS, Cailotto F, Parimi N, Valdes AM, Castaño-Betancourt MC, Liu Y, Kaplan RC, Bidlingmaier M, Vasan RS, Teumer A, Tranah GJ, Nevitt MC, Cummings SR, Orwoll ES, Barrett-Connor E, Renner JB, Jordan JM, Doherty M, Doherty SA, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ, Spector TD, Lories RJ, Lane NE. Genome-wide association and functional studies identify a role for IGFBP3 in hip osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1861-7. [PMID: 24928840 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify genetic associations with hip osteoarthritis (HOA), we performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of HOA. METHODS The GWAS meta-analysis included approximately 2.5 million imputed HapMap single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). HOA cases and controls defined radiographically and by total hip replacement were selected from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) (654 cases and 4697 controls, combined). Replication of genome-wide significant SNP associations (p ≤5×10(-8)) was examined in five studies (3243 cases and 6891 controls, combined). Functional studies were performed using in vitro models of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. RESULTS The A allele of rs788748, located 65 kb upstream of the IGFBP3 gene, was associated with lower HOA odds at the genome-wide significance level in the discovery stage (OR 0.71, p=2×10(-8)). The association replicated in five studies (OR 0.92, p=0.020), but the joint analysis of discovery and replication results was not genome-wide significant (p=1×10(-6)). In separate study populations, the rs788748 A allele was also associated with lower circulating IGFBP3 protein levels (p=4×10(-13)), suggesting that this SNP or a variant in linkage disequilibrium could be an IGFBP3 regulatory variant. Results from functional studies were consistent with association results. Chondrocyte hypertrophy, a deleterious event in OA pathogenesis, was largely prevented upon IGFBP3 knockdown in chondrocytes. Furthermore, IGFBP3 overexpression induced cartilage catabolism and osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Results from GWAS and functional studies provided suggestive links between IGFBP3 and HOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frederic Cailotto
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neeta Parimi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martha C Castaño-Betancourt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Youfang Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopedics, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, The Netherlands Departments of Medicine and Orthopedics, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Institute of Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA Division of Epidemiology, Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King's College London, London, UK Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Institute of Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gregory J Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael C Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven R Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
- Division of Epidemiology, Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jordan B Renner
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joanne M Jordan
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopedics, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Doherty
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally A Doherty
- Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rik J Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy E Lane
- University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Evaluation of insulin medium or chondrogenic medium on proliferation and chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:569241. [PMID: 24812622 PMCID: PMC4000943 DOI: 10.1155/2014/569241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background. The ATDC5 cell line is regarded as an excellent cell model for chondrogenesis. In most studies with ATDC5 cells, insulin medium (IM) was used to induce chondrogenesis while chondrogenic medium (CM), which was usually applied in chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), was rarely used for ATDC5 cells. This study was mainly designed to investigate the effect of IM, CM, and growth medium (GM) on chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells. Methods. ATDC5 cells were, respectively, cultured in IM, CM, and GM for a certain time. Then the proliferation and the chondrogenesis progress of cells in these groups were analyzed. Results. Compared with CM and GM, IM promoted the proliferation of cells significantly. CM was effective for enhancement of cartilage specific markers, while IM induced the cells to express endochondral ossification related genes. Although GAG deposition per cell in CM group was significantly higher than that in IM and GM groups, the total GAG contents in IM group were the most. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that CM focused on induction of chondrogenic differentiation while IM was in favor of promoting proliferation and expression of endochondral ossification related genes. Combinational use of these two media would be more beneficial to bone/cartilage repair.
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Constitutive activation of IKK2/NF-κB impairs osteogenesis and skeletal development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91421. [PMID: 24618907 PMCID: PMC3949987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic conditions impair bone homeostasis. The transcription factor NF-κB regulates bone homeostasis and is central to bone pathologies. Whereas contribution of NF-κB to heightened osteoclast activity is well-documented, the mechanisms underlying NF-κB impact on chondrocytes and osteoblasts are scarce. In this study, we examined the effect of constitutively active IKK2 (IKK2ca) on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. We show that retroviral IKK2ca but not GFP, IKK2WT, or the inactive IKK2 forms IKK2KM and IKK2SSAA, strongly suppressed osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, in vitro. In order to explore the effect of constitutive NF-κB activation on bone formation in vivo, we activated this pathway in a conditional fashion. Specifically, we crossed the R26StopIKK2ca mice with mice carrying the Col2-cre in order to express IKK2ca in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Both chondrocytes and osteoblasts derived from Col2Cre/IKK2ca expressed IKK2ca. Mice were born alive yet died shortly thereafter. Histologically, newborn Col2Cre+/RosaIKK2ca heterozygotes (Cre+IKK2ca_w/f (het)) and homozygotes (Cre+IKK2ca_f/f (KI)) showed smaller skeleton, deformed vertebrate and reduced or missing digit ossification. The width of neural arches, as well as ossification in vertebral bodies of Cre+IKK2ca_w/f and Cre+IKK2ca_f/f, was reduced or diminished. H&E staining of proximal tibia from new born pups revealed that Cre+IKK2ca_f/f displayed disorganized hypertrophic zones within the smaller epiphysis. Micro-CT analysis indicated that 4-wk old Cre+IKK2ca_w/f has abnormal trabecular bone in proximal tibia compared to WT littermates. Mechanistically, ex-vivo experiments showed that expression of differentiation markers in calvarial osteoblasts derived from newborn IKK2ca knock-in mice was diminished compared to WT-derived cells. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that the hypertrophic chondrocyte marker type-X collagen, the pre-hypertrophic chondrocyte markers Indian hedgehog and alkaline phosphatase, and the early markers Aggrecan and type-II collagen were reduced in Cre+IKK2ca_w/f and Cre+IKK2ca_f/f mice. Altogether, the in-vitro, in vivo and ex-vivo evidence suggest that IKK2ca perturbs osteoblast and chondrocyte maturation and impairs skeletal development.
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136
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Kakoi H, Maeda S, Shinohara N, Matsuyama K, Imamura K, Kawamura I, Nagano S, Setoguchi T, Yokouchi M, Ishidou Y, Komiya S. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling up-regulates neutral sphingomyelinase 2 to suppress chondrocyte maturation via the Akt protein signaling pathway as a negative feedback mechanism. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:8135-50. [PMID: 24505141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.509331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling promotes chondrogenesis, it is not clear whether BMP-induced chondrocyte maturation is cell-autonomously terminated. Loss of function of Smpd3 in mice results in an increase in mature hypertrophic chondrocytes. Here, we report that in chondrocytes the Runx2-dependent expression of Smpd3 was increased by BMP-2 stimulation. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), encoded by the Smpd3 gene, was detected both in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes of mouse embryo bone cartilage. An siRNA for Smpd3, as well as the nSMase inhibitor GW4869, significantly enhanced BMP-2-induced differentiation and maturation of chondrocytes. Conversely, overexpression of Smpd3 or C2-ceramide, which mimics the function of nSMase2, inhibited chondrogenesis. Upon induction of Smpd3 siRNA or GW4869, phosphorylation of both Akt and S6 proteins was increased. The accelerated chondrogenesis induced by Smpd3 silencing was negated by application of the Akt inhibitor MK2206 or the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin. Importantly, in mouse bone culture, GW4869 treatment significantly promoted BMP-2-induced hypertrophic maturation and calcification of chondrocytes, which subsequently was eliminated by C2-ceramide. Smpd3 knockdown decreased the apoptosis of terminally matured ATDC5 chondrocytes, probably as a result of decreased ceramide production. In addition, we found that expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) was elevated by a loss of Smpd3, which was restored by MK2206. Indeed, expression of Has2 protein decreased in nSMase2-positive hypertrophic chondrocytes in the bones of mouse embryos. Our data suggest that the Smpd3/nSMase2-ceramide-Akt signaling axis negatively regulates BMP-induced chondrocyte maturation and Has2 expression to control the rate of endochondral ossification as a negative feedback mechanism.
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137
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Jones GN, Moschidou D, Abdulrazzak H, Kalirai BS, Vanleene M, Osatis S, Shefelbine SJ, Horwood NJ, Marenzana M, De Coppi P, Bassett JD, Williams GR, Fisk NM, Guillot PV. Potential of human fetal chorionic stem cells for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:262-76. [PMID: 24028330 PMCID: PMC3904514 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone pathology with prenatal onset, characterized by brittle bones in response to abnormal collagen composition. There is presently no cure for OI. We previously showed that human first trimester fetal blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplanted into a murine OI model (oim mice) improved the phenotype. However, the clinical use of fetal MSC is constrained by their limited number and low availability. In contrast, human fetal early chorionic stem cells (e-CSC) can be used without ethical restrictions and isolated in high numbers from the placenta during ongoing pregnancy. Here, we show that intraperitoneal injection of e-CSC in oim neonates reduced fractures, increased bone ductility and bone volume (BV), increased the numbers of hypertrophic chondrocytes, and upregulated endogenous genes involved in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Exogenous cells preferentially homed to long bone epiphyses, expressed osteoblast genes, and produced collagen COL1A2. Together, our data suggest that exogenous cells decrease bone brittleness and BV by directly differentiating to osteoblasts and indirectly stimulating host chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. In conclusion, the placenta is a practical source of stem cells for the treatment of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma N. Jones
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dafni Moschidou
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Abdulrazzak
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhalraj Singh Kalirai
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilien Vanleene
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suchaya Osatis
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicole J. Horwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Marenzana
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - J.H. Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Fisk
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pascale V. Guillot
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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138
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Chen Y, Gridley T. The SNAI1 and SNAI2 proteins occupy their own and each other's promoter during chondrogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:356-60. [PMID: 23665016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two Snail family genes, Snai1 and Snai2, encode E2 box-binding transcriptional repressors that are important for cartilage development during long bone formation in mice. We demonstrated previously that the Snai1 and Snai2 genes function redundantly, and compensate for each other's loss during mouse chondrogenesis in vivo. A prediction from this genetic data is that the SNAI1 and SNAI2 proteins can bind to each other's promoter to regulate gene expression. Here we demonstrate that expression of Snai1 and Snai2 RNA and protein is induced during chondrogenic differentiation of cultured mouse ATDC5 cells. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we then show that endogenous SNAI1 and SNAI2 proteins bind to a subset of E2 boxes in both their own and each other's promoter in differentiating ATDC5 cells. Together with our previous genetic data, these results support the model that expression of the Snai1 and Snai2 genes is negatively regulated by their protein products occupying each other's promoter during chondrogenesis, and help provide an explanation for the genetic redundancy observed in the mouse loss of function models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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