101
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Liu R, Chen X, Dushime J, Bogalhas M, Lazar AC, Ryll T, Wang L. The impact of trisulfide modification of antibodies on the properties of antibody-drug conjugates manufactured using thiol chemistry. MAbs 2017; 9:490-497. [PMID: 28136017 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1285478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising biotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. The careful monitoring of critical quality attributes is important for ADCs' development, manufacturing and production. In this work, the effect of the presence of a trisulfide bond in the monoclonal antibody (mAb) conjugated to DM4 cytotoxic payload through a disulfide-bond linker sulfo-SPDB (sSPDB) was investigated. Three lots of antibody containing variable levels of trisulfide bonds were used. The identity and levels of trisulfide bonds were determined by liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. The antibodies were conjugated to sSPDB-DM4 to generate ADCs. Further analysis indicated that the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) value, a critical quality attribute, slightly increased for the conjugates made from antibody containing higher levels of trisulfide bond. Also, higher fragmentation levels were observed in the conjugates with more trisulfide bond. Detailed characterization by MS revealed that a small amount of DM4 payload was directly attached to inter-chain cysteine residues by disulfide or trisulfide bonds. Overall, our investigation indicated that the trisulfide bond present in the mAb could react with DM4 during the conjugation process. Therefore, the presence of trisulfide bonds in the antibody moiety should be carefully monitored and well controlled during the development of a maytansinoid ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Liu
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Xuan Chen
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Junia Dushime
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Megan Bogalhas
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Alexandru C Lazar
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Thomas Ryll
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
| | - Lintao Wang
- a Analytical and Pharmaceutical Science Department , ImmunoGen Inc. Waltham , MA , USA
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102
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Comprehensive N-Glycan Profiling of Cetuximab Biosimilar Candidate by NP-HPLC and MALDI-MS. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170013. [PMID: 28072827 PMCID: PMC5225015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring glycosylation of the mAbs have been emphasized and routinely characterized in biopharmaceutical industries because the carbohydrate components are closely related to the safety, efficacy, and consistency of the antibodies. In this study, the comprehensive glycan profiling of a biosimilar candidate of cetuximab was successfully characterized using Normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) in combination with Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The presence of minor N-linked glycans containing sialic acid lactone residues (NeuAcLac) was observed in the biosimilar for the first time, which could influence the quantitative analysis of sialylated glycans and interfere with quantification of neutral glycans when it was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence (HPLC-FL). To overcome this issue, mild alkali treatment was used to hydrolyze lactone of the sialic acid to their neutral formation, which had no impact on the analysis of other glycans before and after the treatment. As a result, the mild alkali treatment might be helpful to obtain quantitative glycan profiling of the mAbs drugs with enhanced accuracy and robustness.
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103
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Otani Y, Yonezawa A, Tsuda M, Imai S, Ikemi Y, Nakagawa S, Omura T, Nakagawa T, Yano I, Matsubara K. Time-Dependent Structural Alteration of Rituximab Analyzed by LC/TOF-MS after a Systemic Administration to Rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169588. [PMID: 28052138 PMCID: PMC5215255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have heterogeneities in their structures. Multiple studies have reported that the variety of post-translational modifications could affect the pharmacokinetic profiles or pharmacological potencies of therapeutic mAbs. Taking into the account that the structural modification of mAbs would affect the efficacy, it is worth investigating the structural alteration of therapeutic mAbs in the blood and the relationship between their structures and pharmacological effects. Herein, we have developed the method to isolate rituximab from plasma in which endogenous IgGs interfere the detection of rituximab, and successfully developed the analytical method with a liquid chromatograph time-of-flight mass spectrometer to detect the structure of rituximab in plasma with errors less than 30 parts per millions. Eight types of carbohydrate chains in rituximab were detected by this method. Interestingly, time-dependent changes in carbohydrate chains such as AAF (G2F) and GnGn (G0) were observed in rats, although the amino acids were stable. Additionally, these structural changes were observed via incubation in plasma as in the rat experiment, suggesting that a certain type of enzyme in plasma caused the alterations of the carbohydrate chains. The present analytical methods could clarify the actual pharmacokinetics of therapeutic mAbs, and help to evaluate the interindividual variations in pharmacokinetics and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Otani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atushi Yonezawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masahiro Tsuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Ikemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Omura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Matsubara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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104
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Fitzgerald J, Leonard P, Darcy E, Sharma S, O'Kennedy R. Immunoaffinity Chromatography: Concepts and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1485:27-51. [PMID: 27730547 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6412-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Immunoaffinity chromatography is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimization of critical experimental parameters such as (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilization coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in immunoaffinity chromatography and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Darcy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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105
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Leney AC, Heck AJR. Native Mass Spectrometry: What is in the Name? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:5-13. [PMID: 27909974 PMCID: PMC5174146 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is nowadays one of the cornerstones of biomolecular mass spectrometry and proteomics. Advances in sample preparation and mass analyzers have enabled researchers to extract much more information from biological samples than just the molecular weight. In particular, relevant for structural biology, noncovalent protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes can now also be analyzed by MS. For these types of analyses, assemblies need to be retained in their native quaternary state in the gas phase. This initial small niche of biomolecular mass spectrometry, nowadays often referred to as "native MS," has come to maturation over the last two decades, with dozens of laboratories using it to study mostly protein assemblies, but also DNA and RNA-protein assemblies, with the goal to define structure-function relationships. In this perspective, we describe the origins of and (re)define the term native MS, portraying in detail what we meant by "native MS," when the term was coined and also describing what it does (according to us) not entail. Additionally, we describe a few examples highlighting what native MS is, showing its successes to date while illustrating the wide scope this technology has in solving complex biological questions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneika C Leney
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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106
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Zell M, Husser C, Staack RF, Jordan G, Richter WF, Schadt S, Pähler A. In Vivo Biotransformation of the Fusion Protein Tetranectin-Apolipoprotein A1 Analyzed by Ligand-Binding Mass Spectrometry Combined with Quantitation by ELISA. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11670-11677. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Zell
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Husser
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland F. Staack
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Jordan
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang F. Richter
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schadt
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Pähler
- Roche
Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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107
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Xiao Y, Vecchi MM, Wen D. Distinguishing between Leucine and Isoleucine by Integrated LC–MS Analysis Using an Orbitrap Fusion Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10757-10766. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Xiao
- Analytical
Biochemistry,
Department of Cell and Protein Sciences, Biogen, 250 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Malgorzata M. Vecchi
- Analytical
Biochemistry,
Department of Cell and Protein Sciences, Biogen, 250 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Dingyi Wen
- Analytical
Biochemistry,
Department of Cell and Protein Sciences, Biogen, 250 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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108
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Characterization of a Porous Nano-electrospray Capillary Emitter at Ultra-low Flow Rates. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 55:47-51. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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109
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Parr MK, Montacir O, Montacir H. Physicochemical characterization of biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:366-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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110
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Liu T, Guo H, Zhu L, Zheng Y, Xu J, Guo Q, Zhang D, Qian W, Dai J, Guo Y, Hou S, Wang H. Fast Characterization of Fc-Containing Proteins by Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry Following IdeS Digestion. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3173-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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111
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A workflow for absolute quantitation of large therapeutic proteins in biological samples at intact level using LC-HRMS. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1679-91. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The commonly used LC–MS workflow to quantify protein therapeutics in biological samples is ‘bottom-up’ approach. In this study, the aim is to establish ‘top-down’ approach for absolute quantitation of therapeutic antibodies or proteins of similar sizes in biological samples at intact level. Materials & methods: Using a recombinant human monoclonal antibody as the model molecule, we present a workflow to measure large therapeutic proteins in plasma at intact level based on deconvoluted high-resolution MS (HRMS) peaks. A novel MultiQuant™ software function was developed to automatically deconvolute the peaks and process the data. Results & conclusion: The workflow showed satisfying performance. This is a proof of concept study demonstrating the feasibility of bioanalysis of large therapeutic proteins at intact level using LC-HRMS.
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112
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Zhang Y, Cui W, Wecksler AT, Zhang H, Molina P, Deperalta G, Gross ML. Native MS and ECD Characterization of a Fab-Antigen Complex May Facilitate Crystallization for X-ray Diffraction. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1139-42. [PMID: 27103115 PMCID: PMC4899112 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (MS) and top-down electron-capture dissociation (ECD) combine as a powerful approach for characterizing large proteins and protein assemblies. Here, we report their use to study an antibody Fab (Fab-1)-VEGF complex in its near-native state. Native ESI with analysis by FTICR mass spectrometry confirms that VEGF is a dimer in solution and that its complex with Fab-1 has a binding stoichiometry of 2:2. Applying combinations of collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), ECD, and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) allows identification of flexible regions of the complex, potentially serving as a guide for crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Analytical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Weidong Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Aaron T Wecksler
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Patricia Molina
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Galahad Deperalta
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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113
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Cutting-edge capillary electrophoresis characterization of monoclonal antibodies and related products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1032:61-78. [PMID: 27265157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Out of all categories, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), biosimilar, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and Fc-fusion proteins attract the most interest due to their strong therapeutic potency and specificity. Because of their intrinsic complexity due to a large number of micro-heterogeneities, there is a crucial need of analytical methods to provide comprehensive in-depth characterization of these molecules. CE presents some obvious benefits as high resolution separation and miniaturized format to be widely applied to the analysis of biopharmaceuticals. CE is an effective method for the separation of proteins at different levels. capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) have been particularly relevant for the characterization of size and charge variants of intact and reduced mAbs, while CE-MS appears to be a promising analytical tool to assess the primary structure of mAbs and related products. This review will be dedicated to detail the current and state-of-the-art CE-based methods for the characterization of mAbs and related products.
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114
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Redman EA, Ramos-Payan M, Mellors JS, Ramsey JM. Analysis of Hemoglobin Glycation Using Microfluidic CE-MS: A Rapid, Mass Spectrometry Compatible Method for Assessing Diabetes Management. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5324-30. [PMID: 27100069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a significant health problem worldwide with the rate of diagnosis increasing rapidly in recent years. Measurement of glycated blood proteins, particularly glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), is an important diagnostic tool used to detect and manage the condition in patients. Described here is a method using microfluidic capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry detection (CE-MS) to assess hemoglobin glycation in whole blood lysate. Using denaturing conditions, the hemoglobin (Hb) tetramer dissociates into the alpha and beta subunits (α- and β-Hb), which are then separated via CE directly coupled to MS detection. Nearly baseline resolution is achieved between α-Hb, β-Hb, and glycated β-Hb. A second glycated β-Hb isomer that is partially resolved from β-Hb is detected in extracted ion electropherograms for glycated β-Hb. Glycation on α-Hb is also detected in the α-Hb mass spectrum. Additional modifications to the β-Hb are detected, including acetylation and a +57 Da species that could be the addition of a glyoxal moiety. Patient blood samples were analyzed using the microfluidic CE-MS method and a clinically used immunoassay to measure HbA1c. The percentage of glycated α-Hb and β-Hb was calculated from the microfluidic CE-MS data using peak areas generated from extracted ion electropherograms. The values for glycated β-Hb were found to correlate well with the HbA1c levels derived in the clinic, giving a slope of 1.20 and an R(2) value of 0.99 on a correlation plot. Glycation of human serum albumin (HSA) can also be measured using this technique. It was observed that patients with elevated glycated Hb levels also had higher levels of HSA glycation. Interestingly, the sample with the highest HbA1c levels did not have the highest levels of glycated HSA. Because the lifetime of HSA is shorter than Hb, this could indicate a recent lapse in glycemic control for that patient. The ability to assess both Hb and HSA glycation has the potential to provide a more complete picture of a patient's glycemic control in the months leading up to blood collection. The results presented here demonstrate that the microfluidic CE-MS method is capable of rapidly assessing Hb and HSA glycation from low volumes of whole blood with minimal sample preparation and has the potential to provide more information in a single analysis step than current technologies.
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115
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Zhang P, Woen S, Wang T, Liau B, Zhao S, Chen C, Yang Y, Song Z, Wormald MR, Yu C, Rudd PM. Challenges of glycosylation analysis and control: an integrated approach to producing optimal and consistent therapeutic drugs. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:740-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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116
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McSherry T, McSherry J, Ozaeta P, Longenecker K, Ramsay C, Fishpaugh J, Allen S. Cysteinylation of a monoclonal antibody leads to its inactivation. MAbs 2016; 8:718-25. [PMID: 27050640 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1160179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications can have a signification effect on antibody stability. A comprehensive approach is often required to best understand the underlying reasons the modification affects the antibody's potency or aggregation state. Monoclonal antibody 001 displayed significant variation in terms of potency, as defined by surface plasmon resonance testing (Biacore), from lot to lot independent of any observable aggregation or degradation, suggesting that a post-translational modification could be driving this variability. Analysis of different antibody lots using analytical hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) uncovered multiple peaks of varying size. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) indicated that the antibody contained a cysteinylation post-translational modification in complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3 of the antibody light chain. Fractionation of the antibody by HIC followed by ESI-MS and Biacore showed that the different peaks were antibody containing zero, one, or two cysteinylation modifications, and that the modification interferes with the ability of the modified antibody arm to bind antigen. Molecular modeling of the modified region shows that this oxidation of an unpaired cysteine in the antibody CDR would block a potential antigen binding pocket, suggesting an inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy McSherry
- a Abbott Diagnostic R & D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories , Abbott Park , IL , USA
| | - Jennifer McSherry
- a Abbott Diagnostic R & D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories , Abbott Park , IL , USA
| | - Panfilo Ozaeta
- a Abbott Diagnostic R & D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories , Abbott Park , IL , USA
| | | | - Carol Ramsay
- a Abbott Diagnostic R & D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories , Abbott Park , IL , USA
| | - Jeffrey Fishpaugh
- a Abbott Diagnostic R & D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories , Abbott Park , IL , USA
| | - Steven Allen
- a Abbott Diagnostic R & D, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories , Abbott Park , IL , USA
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117
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Said N, Gahoual R, Kuhn L, Beck A, François YN, Leize-Wagner E. Structural characterization of antibody drug conjugate by a combination of intact, middle-up and bottom-up techniques using sheathless capillary electrophoresis - Tandem mass spectrometry as nanoESI infusion platform and separation method. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 918:50-9. [PMID: 27046210 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a fast growing class of biotherapeutic products. Their production leads to a distribution of species exhibiting different number of conjugated drugs overlaying the inherent complexity resulting from the monoclonal antibody format, such as glycoforms. ADCs require an additional level of characterization compared to first generation of biotherapeutics obtained through multiple analytical techniques for complete structure assessment. We report the development of complementary approaches implementing sheathless capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (sheathless CE-MS) to characterize the different aspects defining the structure of brentuximab vedotin. Native MS using sheathless CE-MS instrument as a nanoESI infusion platform enabled accurate mass measurements and estimation of the average drug to antibody ratio alongside to drug load distribution. Middle-up analysis performed after limited IdeS proteolysis allowed to study independently the light chain, Fab and F(ab')2 subunits incorporating 1, 0 to 4 and 0 to 8 payloads respectively. Finally, a CZE-ESI-MS/MS methodology was developed in order to be compatible with hydrophobic drug composing ADCs. From a single injection, complete sequence coverage could be achieved. Using the same dataset, glycosylation and drug-loaded peptides could be simultaneously identified revealing robust information regarding their respective localization and abundance. Drug-loaded peptide fragmentation mass spectra study demonstrated drug specific fragments reinforcing identification confidence, undescribed so far. Results reveal the method ability to characterize ADCs primary structure in a comprehensive manner while reducing tremendously the number of experiments required. Data generated showed that sheathless CZE-ESI-MS/MS characteristics position the methodology developed as a relevant alternative for comprehensive multilevel characterization of these complex biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassur Said
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Research Group BioMolecular Analysis, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauriane Kuhn
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg-Esplanade, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, FRC 1589, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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118
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Cotham VC, Brodbelt JS. Characterization of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies at the Subunit-Level using Middle-Down 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4004-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C. Cotham
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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119
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Han M, Rock BM, Pearson JT, Rock DA. Intact mass analysis of monoclonal antibodies by capillary electrophoresis—Mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1011:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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120
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Redman EA, Mellors JS, Starkey JA, Ramsey JM. Characterization of Intact Antibody Drug Conjugate Variants Using Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2220-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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121
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Characterization of cetuximab Fc/2 dimers by off-line CZE-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 908:168-76. [PMID: 26826699 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics attract the largest concern due to their strong therapeutic potency and specificity. The Fc region of mAbs is common to many new biotherapeutics as biosimilar, antibody drug conjugate or fusion protein. Fc region has consequences for Fc-mediated effector functions that might be desirable for therapeutic applications. As a consequence, there is a continuous need for improvement of analytical methods to enable fast and accurate characterization of biotherapeutics. Capillary zone electrophoresis-Mass spectrometry couplings (CZE-MS) appear really attractive methods for the characterization of biological samples. In this report, we used CZE-MS systems developed in house and native MS infusion to allow precise middle-up characterization of Fc/2 variant of cetuximab. Molecular weights were measured for three Fc/2 charge variants detected in the CZE separation of cetuximab subunits. Two Fc/2 C-terminal lysine variants were identified and separated. As the aim is to understand the presence of three peaks in the CZE separation for two Fc/2 subunits, we developed a strategy using CZE-UV/MALDI-MS and CZE-UV/ESI-MS to evaluate the role of N-glycosylation and C-terminal lysine truncation on the CZE separation. The chemical structure of N-glycosylation expressed on the Fc region of cetuximab does not influence CZE separation while C-terminal lysine is significantly influencing separation. In addition, native MS infusion demonstrated the characterization of Fc/2 dimers at pH 5.7 and 6.8 and the first separation of these dimers using CZE-MS.
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122
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Barnidge DR, Dispenzieri A, Merlini G, Katzmann JA, Murray DL. Monitoring free light chains in serum using mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:1073-83. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSerum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLC) are secreted into circulation by plasma cells as a by-product of immunoglobulin production. In a healthy individual the population of FLC is polyclonal as no single cell is secreting more FLC than the total immunoglobulin secreting cell population. In a person with a plasma cell dyscrasia, such as multiple myeloma (MM) or light chain amyloidosis (AL), a clonal population of plasma cells secretes a monoclonal light chain at a concentration above the normal polyclonal background.We recently showed that monoclonal immunoglobulin rapid accurate mass measurement (miRAMM) can be used to identify and quantify a monoclonal light chain (LC) in serum and urine above the polyclonal background. This was accomplished by reducing immunoglobulin disulfide bonds releasing the LC to be analyzed by microLC-ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. Here we demonstrate that the methodology can also be applied to the detection and quantification of FLC by analyzing a non-reduced sample.Proof of concept experiments were performed using purified FLC spiked into normal serum to assess linearity and precision. In addition, a cohort of 27 patients with AL was analyzed and miRAMM was able to detect a monoclonal FLC in 23 of the 27 patients that had abnormal FLC values by immunonephelometry.The high resolution and high mass measurement accuracy provided by the mass spectrometry based methodology eliminates the need for κ/λ ratios as the method can quantitatively monitor the abundance of the κ and λ polyclonal background at the same time it measures the monoclonal FLC.
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123
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Sjögren J, Olsson F, Beck A. Rapid and improved characterization of therapeutic antibodies and antibody related products using IdeS digestion and subunit analysis. Analyst 2016; 141:3114-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody subunits LC, Fd and Fc/2, generated by IdeS digestion has been applied in analytical methodologies to characterize antibody quality attributes such as glycosylation, oxidation, deamidation, and identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre
- St Julien-en-Genevois
- France
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124
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Haberger M, Leiss M, Heidenreich AK, Pester O, Hafenmair G, Hook M, Bonnington L, Wegele H, Haindl M, Reusch D, Bulau P. Rapid characterization of biotherapeutic proteins by size-exclusion chromatography coupled to native mass spectrometry. MAbs 2015; 8:331-9. [PMID: 26655595 PMCID: PMC4966600 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
High-molecular weight aggregates such as antibody dimers and other side products derived from incorrect light or heavy chain association typically represent critical product-related impurities for bispecific antibody formats. In this study, an approach employing ultra-pressure liquid chromatography size-exclusion separation combined with native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the simultaneous formation, identification and quantification of size variants in recombinant antibodies was developed. Samples exposed to storage and elevated temperature(s) enabled the identification of various bispecific antibody size variants. This test system hence allowed us to study the variants formed during formulation and bio-process development, and can thus be transferred to quality control units for routine in-process control and release analytics. In addition, native SEC-UV/MS not only facilitates the detailed analysis of low-abundant and non-covalent size variants during process characterization/validation studies, but is also essential for the SEC-UV method validation prior to admission to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Haberger
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Michael Leiss
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Heidenreich
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Oxana Pester
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Georg Hafenmair
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Michaela Hook
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Lea Bonnington
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Harald Wegele
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Markus Haindl
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
| | - Patrick Bulau
- a Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2 , 82377 Penzberg , Germany
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125
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Zhang L, English AM, Bai DL, Ugrin SA, Shabanowitz J, Ross MM, Hunt DF, Wang WH. Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Sequence and Post-translational Modifications by Time-controlled Proteolysis and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:1479-88. [PMID: 26621848 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o115.056721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methodology for sequence analysis of ∼150 kDa monoclonal antibodies (mAb), including location of post-translational modifications and disulfide bonds, is described. Limited digestion of fully denatured (reduced and alkylated) antibody was accomplished in seconds by flowing a sample in 8murea at a controlled flow rate through a micro column reactor containing immobilized aspergillopepsin I. The resulting product mixture containing 3-9 kDa peptides was then fractionated by capillary column liquid chromatography and analyzed on-line by both electron-transfer dissociation and collisionally activated dissociation mass spectrometry (MS). This approach enabled identification of peptides that cover the complete sequence of a murine mAb. With customized tandem MS and ProSightPC Biomarker search, we verified 95% amino acid residues of this mAb and identified numerous post-translational modifications (oxidized methionine, pyroglutamylation, deamidation of Asn, and several forms ofN-linked glycosylation). For disulfide bond location, native mAb is subjected to the same procedure but with longer digestion times controlled by sample flow rate through the micro column reactor. Release of disulfide containing peptides from accessible regions of the folded antibody occurs with short digestion times. Release of those in the interior of the molecule requires longer digestion times. The identity of two peptides connected by a disulfide bond is determined using a combination of electron-transfer dissociation and ion-ion proton transfer chemistry to read the two N-terminal and two C-terminal sequences of the connected peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Zhang
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - A Michelle English
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - Dina L Bai
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - Scott A Ugrin
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - Mark M Ross
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - Donald F Hunt
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904; §Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Wei-Han Wang
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904;
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126
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Zhang L, Luo S, Zhang B. Glycan analysis of therapeutic glycoproteins. MAbs 2015; 8:205-15. [PMID: 26599345 PMCID: PMC4966609 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1117719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are glycoproteins produced by living cell systems. The glycan moieties attached to the proteins can directly affect protein stability, bioactivity, and immunogenicity. Therefore, glycan variants of a glycoprotein product must be adequately analyzed and controlled to ensure product quality. However, the inherent complexity of protein glycosylation poses a daunting analytical challenge. This review provides an update of recent advances in glycan analysis, including the potential utility of lectin-based microarray for high throughput glycan profiling. Emphasis is placed on comparison of the major types of analytics for use in determining unique glycan features such as glycosylation site, glycan structure, and content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Shen Luo
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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127
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Dotz V, Haselberg R, Shubhakar A, Kozak RP, Falck D, Rombouts Y, Reusch D, Somsen GW, Fernandes DL, Wuhrer M. Mass spectrometry for glycosylation analysis of biopharmaceuticals. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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128
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Pang Y, Wang WH, Reid GE, Hunt DF, Bruening ML. Pepsin-Containing Membranes for Controlled Monoclonal Antibody Digestion Prior to Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10942-9. [PMID: 26455365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the fastest growing class of therapeutic drugs, because of their high specificities to target cells. Facile analysis of therapeutic mAbs and their post-translational modifications (PTMs) is essential for quality control, and mass spectrometry (MS) is the most powerful tool for antibody characterization. This study uses pepsin-containing nylon membranes as controlled proteolysis reactors for mAb digestion prior to ultrahigh-resolution Orbitrap MS analysis. Variation of the residence times (from 3 ms to 3 s) of antibody solutions in the membranes yields "bottom-up" (1-2 kDa) to "middle-down" (5-15 kDa) peptide sizes within less than 10 min. These peptides cover the entire sequences of Trastuzumab and a Waters antibody, and a proteolytic peptide comprised of 140 amino acids from the Waters antibody contains all three complementarity determining regions on the light chain. This work compares the performance of "bottom-up" (in-solution tryptic digestion), "top-down" (intact protein fragmentation), and "middle-down" (in-membrane digestion) analysis of an antibody light chain. Data from tandem MS show 99%, 55%, and 99% bond cleavage for "bottom-up", "top-down", and "middle-down" analyses, respectively. In-membrane digestion also facilitates detection of PTMs such as oxidation, deamidation, N-terminal pyroglutamic acid formation, and glycosylation. Compared to "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches for antibody characterization, in-membrane digestion uses minimal sample preparation time, and this technique also yields high peptide and sequence coverage for the identification of PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Pang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Wei-Han Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.,Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Merlin L Bruening
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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129
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130
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131
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132
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Reusch D, Haberger M, Maier B, Maier M, Kloseck R, Zimmermann B, Hook M, Szabo Z, Tep S, Wegstein J, Alt N, Bulau P, Wuhrer M. Comparison of methods for the analysis of therapeutic immunoglobulin G Fc-glycosylation profiles--part 1: separation-based methods. MAbs 2015; 7:167-79. [PMID: 25524468 PMCID: PMC4623496 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.986000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) crystallizable fragment (Fc) glycosylation is crucial for antibody effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and for their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics behavior. To monitor the Fc-glycosylation in bioprocess development, as well as product characterization and release analytics, reliable techniques for glycosylation analysis are needed. A wide range of analytical methods has found its way into these applications. In this study, a comprehensive comparison was performed of separation-based methods for Fc-glycosylation profiling of an IgG biopharmaceutical. A therapeutic antibody reference material was analyzed 6-fold on 2 different days, and the methods were compared for precision, accuracy, throughput and other features; special emphasis was placed on the detection of sialic acid-containing glycans. Seven, non-mass spectrometric methods were compared; the methods utilized liquid chromatography-based separation of fluorescent-labeled glycans, capillary electrophoresis-based separation of fluorescent-labeled glycans, or high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-ultra high performance liquid chromatography of 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB)-labeled glycans was used as a reference method. All of the methods showed excellent precision and accuracy; some differences were observed, particularly with regard to the detection and quantitation of minor glycan species, such as sialylated glycans.
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Key Words
- 2-AB labeling
- 2-AB, 2-aminobenzamide
- ANTS, 8-aminonaphthalene-1, 3, 6-trisulfonate
- APTS labeling
- APTS, 8-aminopyrene-1, 3, 6-trisulfonic acid
- CCGE, cartridge-based capillary gel electrophoresis
- CE-LIF
- CE-LIF, capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- DNA analyzer
- DSA-FACE, DNA-sequencer-aided fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry
- Fab, fragment, antigen-binding
- Fc, fragment crystallizable
- HILIC-UPLC
- HILIC-UPLC, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- HPAEC
- HPAEC-PAD, high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HR, high resolution
- IAB, InstantAB labeling
- IgG glycosylation
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- MALDI-MS, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry
- glycan analysis
- high-throughput
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- method comparison
- monoclonal antibody (mAb)
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Reusch
- a Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg; Roche Diagnostics GmbH ; Penzberg , Germany
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133
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Park YJ, Chung MK, Hwang D, Kim WU. Proteomics in Rheumatoid Arthritis Research. Immune Netw 2015; 15:177-85. [PMID: 26330803 PMCID: PMC4553255 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, diagnosis of RA is currently based on clinical manifestations, and there is no simple, practical assessment tool in the clinical field to assess disease activity and severity. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the discovery of new diagnostic RA biomarkers that can assist in evaluating disease activity, severity, and treatment response. Proteomics, the large-scale study of the proteome, has emerged as a powerful technique for protein identification and characterization. For the past 10 years, proteomic techniques have been applied to different biological samples (synovial tissue/fluid, blood, and urine) from RA patients and experimental animal models. In this review, we summarize the current state of the application of proteomics in RA and its importance in identifying biomarkers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yune-Jung Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon 16247, Korea. ; POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 43014, Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea. ; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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134
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Zhou M, Gucinski AC, Boyne MT. Performance metrics for evaluating system suitability in liquid chromatography--Mass spectrometry peptide mass mapping of protein therapeutics and monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2015. [PMID: 26218711 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1074364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the characterization of proteins can provide a plethora of information related to their structure, including amino acid sequence determination and analysis of posttranslational modifications. The variety of LC-MS based applications has led to the use of LC-MS characterization of therapeutic proteins and monoclonal antibodies as an integral part of the regulatory approval process. However, the improper use of an LC-MS system, related to intrinsic instrument limitations, improper tuning parameters, or poorly optimized methods may result in the production of low quality data. Improper system performance may arise from subtle changes in operating conditions that limit the ability to detect low abundance species. To address this issue, we systematically evaluated LC-MS/MS operating parameters to identify a set of metrics that can be used in a workflow to determine if a system is suitable for its intended purpose. Development of this workflow utilized a bovine serum albumin (BSA) digest standard spiked with synthetic peptides present at 0.1% to 100% of the BSA digest peptide concentration to simulate the detection of low abundance species using a traditional bottom-up workflow and data-dependent MS(2) acquisition. BSA sequence coverage, a commonly used indicator for instrument performance did not effectively identify settings that led to limited dynamic range or poorer absolute mass accuracy on 2 separate LC-MS systems. Additional metrics focusing on the detection limit and sensitivity for peptide identification were determined to be necessary to establish system suitability for protein therapeutic characterization by LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowei Zhou
- a Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, United States Food and Drug Administration , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,b Current affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ; Richland , WA USA
| | - Ashley C Gucinski
- a Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, United States Food and Drug Administration , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Michael T Boyne
- a Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, United States Food and Drug Administration , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,c Current affiliation: BioTechLogic, Inc. ; Glenview , IL USA
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135
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Walsh G. Therapeutic Antibodies. Proteins 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119117599.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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136
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Biacchi M, Gahoual R, Said N, Beck A, Leize-Wagner E, François YN. Glycoform Separation and Characterization of Cetuximab Variants by Middle-up Off-Line Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-UV/Electrospray Ionization-MS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6240-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Biacchi
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Nassur Said
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d’Immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois 74164, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de
Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UDS-CNRS UMR
7140, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
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137
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Haberger M, Heidenreich AK, Schlothauer T, Hook M, Gassner J, Bomans K, Yegres M, Zwick A, Zimmermann B, Wegele H, Bonnington L, Reusch D, Bulau P. Functional assessment of antibody oxidation by native mass spectrometry. MAbs 2015; 7:891-900. [PMID: 26000623 PMCID: PMC4622615 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1052199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of methionine (Met) residues is one of several chemical degradation pathways for recombinant IgG1 antibodies. Studies using several methodologies have indicated that Met oxidation in the constant IgG1 domains affects in vitro interaction with human neonatal Fc (huFcRn) receptor, which is important for antibody half-life. Here, a completely new approach to investigating the effect of oxidative stress conditions has been applied. Quantitative ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (MS) peptide mapping, classical surface plasmon resonance and the recently developed FcRn column chromatography were combined with the new fast-growing approach of native MS as a near native state protein complex analysis in solution. Optimized mass spectrometric voltage and pressure conditions were applied to stabilize antibody/huFcRn receptor complexes in the gas phase for subsequent native MS experiments with oxidized IgG1 material. This approach demonstrated a linear correlation between quantitative native MS and IgG-FcRn functional analysis. In our study, oxidation of the heavy chain Met-265 resulted in a stepwise reduction of mAb3/huFcRn receptor complex formation. Remarkably, a quantitative effect of the heavy chain Met-265 oxidation on relative binding capacity was only detected for doubly oxidized IgG1, whereas IgG1 with only one oxidized heavy chain Met-265 was not found to significantly affect IgG1 binding to huFcRn. Thus, mono-oxidized IgG1 heavy chain Met-265 most likely does not represent a critical quality attribute for pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Haberger
- a Pharma Technical Development Penzberg; Roche Diagnostics GmbH ; Penzberg , Germany
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138
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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139
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Artemenko K, Mi J, Bergquist J. Mass-spectrometry-based characterization of oxidations in proteins. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:477-93. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1023795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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140
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Leurs U, Mistarz UH, Rand KD. Getting to the core of protein pharmaceuticals--Comprehensive structure analysis by mass spectrometry. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:95-109. [PMID: 25791210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals are the fastest growing class of novel therapeutic agents, and have been a major research and development focus in the (bio)pharmaceutical industry. Due to their large size and structural diversity, biopharmaceuticals represent a formidable challenge regarding analysis and characterization compared to traditional small molecule drugs. Any changes to the primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure of a protein can potentially impact its function, efficacy and safety. The analysis and characterization of (structural) protein heterogeneity is therefore of utmost importance. Mass spectrometry has evolved as a powerful tool for the characterization of both primary and higher order structures of protein pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the chemical and physical stability of protein drugs, as well as their pharmacokinetics are nowadays routinely determined by mass spectrometry. Here we review current techniques in primary, secondary and tertiary structure analysis of proteins by mass spectrometry. An overview of established top-down and bottom-up protein analyses will be given, and in particular the use of advanced technologies such as hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) for higher-order structure analysis will be discussed. Modification and degradation pathways of protein drugs and their detection by mass spectrometry will be described, as well as the growing use of mass spectrometry to assist protein design and biopharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leurs
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik H Mistarz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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141
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Todoroki K. [Development of HPLC analysis methods for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2015; 135:213-8. [PMID: 25747215 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparations are produced from cultured cells; therefore, detailed and multidimensional analyses of their heterogeneities are required. We analyzed five commercially available mAb preparations by high-temperature reversed-phase LC using a wide-pore core-shell column for pluralistic quality assessment. At a highly elevated column temperature, isopropanol with high eluotropic strength coefficients and a wide-pore core-shell type octyl column showed good peak resolution of the investigated mAbs and their related constituents. We used this method to estimate the residual rate of intact mAbs after a heat aggregation treatment and conducted fragmentation analysis by analyzing their pepsin digests. Each peak component was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. All results were compared with those of reversed-phase and size exclusion analyses.
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142
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Arbogast LW, Brinson RG, Marino JP. Mapping monoclonal antibody structure by 2D 13C NMR at natural abundance. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3556-61. [PMID: 25728213 DOI: 10.1021/ac504804m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent an important and rapidly growing class of biotherapeutics. Correct folding of a mAb is critical for drug efficacy, while misfolding can impact safety by eliciting unwanted immune or other off-target responses. Robust methods are therefore needed for the precise measurement of mAb structure for drug quality assessment and comparability. To date, the perception in the field has been that NMR could not be applied practically to mAbs due to the size (∼150 kDa) and complexity of these molecules, as well as the insensitivity of the method. The feasibility of applying NMR methods to stable isotope-labeled, protease-cleaved, mAb domains (Fab and Fc) has been demonstrated from both E. coli and Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO) cell expression platforms; however, isotopic labeling is not typically available when analyzing drug products. Here, we address the issue of feasibility of NMR-based mapping of mAb structure by demonstrating for the first time the application of a 2D (13)C NMR methyl fingerprint method for structural mapping of an intact mAb at natural isotopic abundance. Further, we show that 2D (13)C NMR spectra of protease-cleaved Fc and Fab fragments can provide accurate reporters on the domain structures that can be mapped directly to the intact mAb. Through combined use of rapid acquisition and nonuniform sampling techniques, we show that these Fab and Fc fingerprint spectra can be rapidly acquired in as short as approximately 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W Arbogast
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr., Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Robert G Brinson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr., Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - John P Marino
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Dr., Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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143
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Zhang Y, Rempel DL, Zhang H, Gross ML. An improved fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) platform for protein therapeutics. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:526-9. [PMID: 25519854 PMCID: PMC5993200 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Unlike small-molecule drugs, the size and dynamics of protein therapeutics challenge existing methods for assessing their high order structures (HOS). To extend fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) to protein therapeutics, we modified its platform by introducing a mixing step prior to laser irradiation to minimize unwanted H(2)O(2)-induced oxidation. This improvement plus standardizing each step yield better reproducibility as determined by a fitting process whereby we used a non-FPOP spectrum as a template to report the unmodified level. We also tested different buffer systems for this modified FPOP platform with cytochrome c. The outcome is a standard oxidation profile that can be compared between different laboratories and regulatory agencies that wish to adopt FPOP for quality control purposes.
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144
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Wiesner J, Resemann A, Evans C, Suckau D, Jabs W. Advanced mass spectrometry workflows for analyzing disulfide bonds in biologics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:115-23. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1018896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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145
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An Y, Zhang Y, Mueller HM, Shameem M, Chen X. A new tool for monoclonal antibody analysis: application of IdeS proteolysis in IgG domain-specific characterization. MAbs 2015; 6:879-93. [PMID: 24927271 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) products are extraordinarily heterogeneous due to the presence of a variety of enzymatic and chemical modifications, such as deamidation, isomerization, oxidation, glycosylation, glycation, and terminal cyclization. The modifications in different domains of the antibody molecule can result in different biological consequences. Therefore, characterization and routine monitoring of domain-specific modifications are essential to ensure the quality of the therapeutic antibody products. For this purpose, a rapid and informative methodology was developed to examine the heterogeneity of individual domains in mAb products. A recently discovered endopeptidase, IdeS, cleaves heavy chains below the hinge region, producing F(ab') 2 and Fc fragments. Following reduction of disulfide bonds, three antibody domains (LC, Fd, and Fc/2) can be released for further characterization. Subsequent analyses by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, capillary isoelectric focusing, and glycan mapping enable domain-specific profiling of oxidation, charge heterogeneity, and glycoform distribution. When coupled with reversed phase chromatography, the unique chromatographic profile of each molecule offers a simple strategy for an identity test, which is an important formal test for biopharmaceutical quality control purposes. This methodology is demonstrated for a number of IgGs of different subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG4), as well as an Fc fusion protein. The presented technique provides a convenient platform approach for scientific and formal therapeutic mAb product characterization. It can also be applied in regulated drug substance batch release and stability testing of antibody and Fc fusion protein products, in particular for identity and routine monitoring of domain-specific modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan An
- Sterile Product and Analytical Development; Merck Research Laboratories; Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Sterile Product and Analytical Development; Merck Research Laboratories; Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Hans-Martin Mueller
- Sterile Product and Analytical Development; Merck Research Laboratories; Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Mohammed Shameem
- Sterile Product and Analytical Development; Merck Research Laboratories; Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Sterile Product and Analytical Development; Merck Research Laboratories; Kenilworth, NJ USA
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146
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Yoshizawa AC, Fukuyama Y, Kajihara S, Kuyama H, Tanaka K. Computational survey of sequence specificity for protein terminal tags covering nine organisms and its application to protein identification. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:756-67. [PMID: 25393771 DOI: 10.1021/pr500793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 1998, Wilkins et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 1998, 278, 599-608) reported high specificity in terminal regions (terminal tags) of 15 519 proteins from five organisms and proposed a methodology for identifying proteins by terminal tags. However, their examined sequence data were not based on complete genome sequences. Here, we examined current proteome data (217 249 entries from UniProt 2013_6 complete/reference proteome for nine organisms including human) in terms of the specificity of terminal tags and their computational annotation. One example from the results indicated that the specificity of N-terminal tags plateaued at 28% at a length of six residues for human; even when using both N- and C-terminal tags, specificity was merely 66%. In order to determine the cause of these low specificities, the annotation of proteins sharing terminal tags with other proteins was examined. The results suggested that a large majority were phylogenetically or functionally related, whereas nonrelated proteins sharing terminal tags made up less than 1% of human proteome data. On the basis of these findings, we constructed the terminal tag sequence database ProteinCarta (http://ms3d.jp/software/proteincarta/), which includes all terminal tags of proteomes from the nine organisms analyzed here, in order to confirm the specificity of terminal tags and to identify the parent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyasu C Yoshizawa
- Koichi Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation , Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
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147
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Redman EA, Batz NG, Mellors JS, Ramsey JM. Integrated Microfluidic Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization Devices with Online MS Detection for the Separation and Characterization of Intact Monoclonal Antibody Variants. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2264-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503964j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Redman
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Applied
Physical Sciences, §Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ∥Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nicholas G. Batz
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Applied
Physical Sciences, §Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ∥Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - J. Scott Mellors
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Applied
Physical Sciences, §Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ∥Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - J. Michael Ramsey
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Applied
Physical Sciences, §Department of Biomedical
Engineering, ∥Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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148
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Wang D, Wynne C, Gu F, Becker C, Zhao J, Mueller HM, Li H, Shameem M, Liu YH. Characterization of Drug-Product-Related Impurities and Variants of a Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody by Higher Energy C-Trap Dissociation Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:914-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Wang
- Eurofins-Lancaster Laboratories Inc., 2425
New Holland Pike, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601, United States
| | - Colin Wynne
- Eurofins-Lancaster Laboratories Inc., 2425
New Holland Pike, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17601, United States
| | - Flora Gu
- Protein
Mass Spectrometry, Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Bioprocess
Development, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Chris Becker
- Protein Metrics Inc., 1622 San
Carlos Avenue, Suite C, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Jia Zhao
- Protein
Mass Spectrometry, Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Bioprocess
Development, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hans-Martin Mueller
- Protein
Mass Spectrometry, Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Bioprocess
Development, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Huijuan Li
- Protein
Mass Spectrometry, Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Bioprocess
Development, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mohammed Shameem
- Protein
Mass Spectrometry, Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Bioprocess
Development, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Protein
Mass Spectrometry, Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Bioprocess
Development, Merck Research Laboratories, 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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149
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Formolo T, Ly M, Levy M, Kilpatrick L, Lute S, Phinney K, Marzilli L, Brorson K, Boyne M, Davis D, Schiel J. Determination of the NISTmAb Primary Structure. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1201.ch001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trina Formolo
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Mellisa Ly
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Michaella Levy
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lisa Kilpatrick
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Scott Lute
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Karen Phinney
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Lisa Marzilli
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Kurt Brorson
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Michael Boyne
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Darryl Davis
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - John Schiel
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical Research and Development, BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, Inc., Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19002, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Testing and Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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150
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Method development for the separation of monoclonal antibody charge variants in cation exchange chromatography, Part II: pH gradient approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 102:282-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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