101
|
Suárez-García S, del Bas JM, Caimari A, Escorihuela RM, Arola L, Suárez M. Impact of a cafeteria diet and daily physical training on the rat serum metabolome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171970. [PMID: 28192465 PMCID: PMC5305073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity and healthy dietary patterns are commonly recommended for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is diagnosed at an alarmingly increasing rate, especially among adolescents. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the relevance of physical exercise on the modulation of the metabolome in healthy people and those with MetS. We have previously shown that treadmill exercise ameliorated different symptoms of MetS. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a MetS-inducing diet and different intensities of aerobic training on the overall serum metabolome of adolescent rats. For 8 weeks, young rats were fed either standard chow (ST) or cafeteria diet (CAF) and were subjected to a daily program of training on a treadmill at different speeds. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to identify changes in circulating metabolites, and a combination of multivariate analysis techniques was implemented to achieve a holistic understanding of the metabolome. Among all the identified circulating metabolites influenced by CAF, lysophosphatidylcholines were the most represented family. Serum sphingolipids, bile acids, acylcarnitines, unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E and A derivatives also changed significantly in CAF-fed rats. These findings suggest that an enduring systemic inflammatory state is induced by CAF. The impact of physical training on the metabolome was less striking than the impact of diet and mainly altered circulating bile acids and glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were increased in CAF-fed rats, and C-reactive protein was decreased in trained groups. The leptin/adiponectin ratio, a useful marker of MetS, was increased in CAF groups, but decreased in proportion to training intensity. Multivariate analysis revealed that ST-fed animals were more susceptible to exercise-induced changes in metabolites than animals with MetS, in which moderate-intensity seems more effective than high-intensity training. Our results indicate that CAF has a strong negative impact on the metabolome of animals that is difficult to reverse by daily exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Suárez-García
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep M. del Bas
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Escorihuela
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technological Center of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Cheifetz AS, Gianotti R, Luber R, Gibson PR. Complementary and Alternative Medicines Used by Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:415-429.e15. [PMID: 27743873 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients and physicians often have many questions regarding the role of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), or nonallopathic therapies, for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). CAMs of various forms are used by more than half of patients with IBD during some point in their disease course. We summarize the available evidence for the most commonly used and discussed CAMs. We discuss evidence for the effects of herbs (such as cannabis and curcumin), probiotics, acupuncture, exercise, and mind-body therapy. There have been few controlled studies of these therapies, which have been limited by their small sample sizes; most studies have been uncontrolled. In addition, there has been a lack of quality control for herbal preparations. It has been a challenge to design rigorous, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, in part owing to problems of adequate blinding for psychological interventions, acupuncture, and exercise. These barriers have limited the acceptance of CAMs by physicians. However, such therapies might be used to supplement conventional therapies and help ease patient symptoms. We conclude that physicians should understand the nature of and evidence for CAMs for IBD so that rational advice can be offered to patients who inquire about their use. CAMs have the potential to aid in the treatment of IBD, but further research is needed to validate these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Cheifetz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Gianotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raphael Luber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Drzymała-Czyż S, Krzyżanowska P, Koletzko B, Nowak J, Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka A, Moczko JA, Lisowska A, Walkowiak J. Determinants of Serum Glycerophospholipid Fatty Acids in Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010185. [PMID: 28106773 PMCID: PMC5297817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of altered blood fatty acid (FA) composition in cystic fibrosis (CF) is understood only partially. We aimed to investigate the determinants of serum glycerophospholipids’ FAs in CF with regard to the highest number of FAs and in the largest cohort to date. The study comprised 172 CF patients and 30 healthy subjects (HS). We assessed Fas’ profile (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotype, spirometry, fecal elastase-1, body height and weight Z-scores, liver disease, diabetes and colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The amounts of saturated FAs (C14:0, C16:0) and monounsaturated FAs (C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9, C20:1n-9, C20:3n-9) were significantly higher in CF patients than in HS. C18:3n-6, C20:3n-6 and C22:4n-6 levels were also higher in CF, but C18:2n-6, C20:2n-6 and C20:4n-6, as well as C22:6n-3, were lower. In a multiple regression analysis, levels of seven FAs were predicted by various sets of factors that included age, genotype, forced expiratory volume in one second, pancreatic status and diabetes. FA composition abnormalities are highly prevalent in CF patients. They seem to be caused by both metabolic disturbances and independent clinical risk factors. Further research into the influence of CFTR mutations on fat metabolism and desaturases’ activity is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Krzyżanowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Lindwurmstr. 4, D-80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jan Nowak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jerzy A Moczko
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 79, 60-529 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Lisowska
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Khadge S, Sharp JG, McGuire TR, Thiele GM, Talmadge JE. Lipid Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Progression and Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1036:145-156. [PMID: 29275470 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodent and clinical studies have documented that myeloid cell infiltration of tumors is associated with neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia and poor patient outcomes. This contrasts with lymphocyte infiltration of tumors, which is associated with improved outcomes. Lifestyle parameters such as high fat diet s and omega (ω)-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake may influence these inflammatory parameters including extramedullary myelopoiesis that can contribute to a metastatic "niche". While, tumor secretion of growth factors (GFs) and chemokines regulate tumor-immune-cell crosstalk, in this chapter, we also emphasize how lifestyle choices, including, obesity, high-fat and high ω-6 PUFA dietary content, contribute to inflammation and myeloid cell infiltration of tumors. A relationship between obesity and high-fat diets (notably the saturated fats in Western diets) and tumor incidence, metastasis, and poor outcomes is generally accepted. However, the mechanisms of dietary promotion of inflammatory microenvironments and targeted drugs to inhibit the clinical sequel remain an unmet challenge. One approach, modification of dietary intake may have a preventative or therapeutic approach to regulate tumor-associated inflammation and remains an attractive, but little studied intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - John Graham Sharp
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Raizada MK, Sable DM, Chowdhery A, Chavan MS, Rajpurohit LS. Omega 3: a novel treatment agent in oral submucous fibrosis: a pilot study. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:439-442. [PMID: 28027413 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic debilitating disease and a premalignant condition of the oral cavity. It is well known for its impervious nature to medical therapy. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, its role in OSF is still not known. This preliminary study assessed the efficacy of systemic omega 3 in this disease. METHODS A randomized single-blinded controlled trial was designed, and a total of 10 clinically confirmed adult patients with OSF were included in the study. Group A was given biweekly intralesional injections of dexamethasone 1.5 ml and hyaluronidase 1500 IU mixed with lignocaine for 6 weeks and a placebo for 3 months. Group B was also given similar intralesional injections but with 1 gm of omega 3 three times daily continuously for 3 months. Patients were followed every month for 3 months and then after 6 months. RESULTS Significant improvement was noted among all clinical parameters (interincisal distance, tongue protrusion, cheek flexibility, and visual analogue scale) in both the groups. Intergroup comparison showed significant reduction in burning sensation in group B; that is, P value was 0.005, while improvement in rest of the three clinical features was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Omega 3 can be used as an adjunctive treatment option in patients with OSF to reduce subjective symptoms. More studies should be conducted with a larger sample size to study the effect of omega 3 in patients with OSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milanjeet Kaur Raizada
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Panineeya Mahavidyalaya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Digamber M Sable
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, DPU, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asha Chowdhery
- Department of Oral and Medicine & Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh Shivaji Chavan
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ladu Singh Rajpurohit
- Department of Public health dentistry, Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College & Hospital, DPU, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Hammerling U, Bergman Laurila J, Grafström R, Ilbäck NG. Consumption of Red/Processed Meat and Colorectal Carcinoma: Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Significant Association. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:614-34. [PMID: 25849747 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.972498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology and experimental studies provide an overwhelming support of the notion that diets high in red or processed meat accompany an elevated risk of developing pre-neoplastic colorectal adenoma and frank colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The underlying mechanisms are disputed; thus several hypotheses have been proposed. A large body of reports converges, however, on haem and nitrosyl haem as major contributors to the CRC development, presumably acting through various mechanisms. Apart from a potentially higher intestinal mutagenic load among consumers on a diet rich in red/processed meat, other mechanisms involving subtle interference with colorectal stem/progenitor cell survival or maturation are likewise at play. From an overarching perspective, suggested candidate mechanisms for red/processed meat-induced CRC appear as three partly overlapping tenets: (i) increased N-nitrosation/oxidative load leading to DNA adducts and lipid peroxidation in the intestinal epithelium, (ii) proliferative stimulation of the epithelium through haem or food-derived metabolites that either act directly or subsequent to conversion, and (iii) higher inflammatory response, which may trigger a wide cascade of pro-malignant processes. In this review, we summarize and discuss major findings of the area in the context of potentially pertinent mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned association between consumption of red/processed meat and increased risk of developing CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hammerling
- a Cancer Pharmacology & Computational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Academic Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergman Laurila
- b Sahlgrenska Biobank, Gothia Forum, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Roland Grafström
- c Institute of Environmental Medicine, The Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Knowledge Intensive Products and Services, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Turku , Finland
| | - Nils-Gunnar Ilbäck
- e Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Academic Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Tavakol S, Shakibapour S, Bidgoli SA. The Level of Testosterone, Vitamin D, and Irregular Menstruation More Important than Omega-3 in Non-Symptomatic Women Will Define the Fate of Multiple Scleroses in Future. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:462-469. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
108
|
Estevão-Silva CF, Ames FQ, Silva-Comar FMDS, Kummer R, Tronco RP, Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amado CA. Fish Oil and Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis: Inhibitory Effect on Leukocyte Recruitment. Inflammation 2016; 39:320-326. [PMID: 26378008 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish oil, a rich source of n-3 fatty acids, has been studied for its beneficial effects in many diseases. Recent studies have shown the robust anti-inflammatory activity of fish oil (FO), when administered orally to rats, in models of acute inflammation. Herein, we investigated if treatment with fish oil preparation (FOP) could interfere with the recruitment of leukocytes into the joint cavity of arthritic rats. We also evaluated the effect of treatment on rolling behavior and leukocyte adhesion in vivo and on leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro. Treatment with FOP (75, 150, and 300 mg/kg) initiated on the day of induction of arthritis (day 0) and maintained for 21 days reduced the total number of leukocytes recruited into the joint cavity, the number of rolling and adhered leukocytes in arthritic rats, and leukocyte migration in response to stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Together, our data provide evidence that FOP plays an important inhibitory role in the recruitment of leukocytes into the joint cavity of arthritic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciele Queiroz Ames
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Kummer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Prizon Tronco
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
109
|
Cehreli R, Akpinar H, Artmann AT, Sagol O. Effects of Glutamine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Erythrocyte Deformability and Oxidative Damage in Rat Model of Enterocolitis. Gastroenterology Res 2016; 8:265-273. [PMID: 27785307 PMCID: PMC5051045 DOI: 10.14740/gr683w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to investigate preventive effects of glutamine (Gln), omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on erythrocyte deformability (EDEF) in rat model of indomethacin-induced enterocolitis. Methods Nineteen Wistar albino male rats were divided into three groups: control group, colitis induced by indomethacin and were fed with a standard laboratory diet (group 1), and colitis induced by indomethacin and were also fed with Gln, omega-3 FA (group 2). An investigation was performed in a rat model of experimental colitis induced by subcutaneous injections of 2 mL intdomethacine solution applied at 24 and 48 hours intervals to male Wistar rats for 14 days. Gln and omega-3 FA were added to the daily standard diets of the animals during 14 days of injections. During the study, changes in body weight were evaluated. The intestines were examined, and colitis was macroscopic and histologically scored. The circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukine-1β (IL-1β), erythrocyte transit time (ETT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined in addition to calculation of EDEF indices in all groups. Results No significant differences in body weight changes could be determined between the standard diet and special diet groups at the end of the experiment. After macroscopic and microscopic scoring, in all of the groups that colitis was found induced, the lowest microscopic score was observed in the group 2. But Gln and omega-3 FA supplemented diet did not change the mean macroscopic and histological scores in all rats. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels were significantly higher in group 1 and group 2 compared to the control group. Effects of the diet on circulating TNF-α and IL-1β levels were found correlated with inflammation but statistically significant differences were not found in the group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.05). The ETT and TBARS levels in standard and special diet groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, EDEF indices which are an important parameter of the study were decreased in indomethacin-induced enterocolitis groups that fed with standard and special diet. Conclusions Increases in ETT and TBARS levels did not return to normal by addition of Gln and omega-3 FA to diet. Our results suggest that determination of effective optimal doses and route of administration for these nutrients may play an important role in reducing EDEF and microvascular changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruksan Cehreli
- Department of Prevantive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Hale Akpinar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Temiz Artmann
- Department of Cell Biophysics and Cellular Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Germany
| | - Ozgul Sagol
- Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
de Castilho TJC, Campos ACL, Mello EVDSL. EFFECT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID IN THE HEALING PROCESS OF COLONIC ANASTOMOSIS IN RATS. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2016; 28:258-61. [PMID: 26734796 PMCID: PMC4755178 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-6720201500040010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background : The use of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids has been studied in the context
of healing and tissue regeneration mainly due to its anti-inflammatory,
immunoregulatory and antioncogenic properties. Previous studies have demonstrated
beneficial effects with the use of enteral immunonutrition containing various
farmaconutrients such as L-arginine, omega-3, trace elements, but the individual
action of each component in the healing of colonic anastomosis remains unclear.
Aim : To evaluate the influence of preoperative supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids
on the healing of colonic anastomoses of well-nourished rats. Methods : Forty Wistar adult male rats, weighing 234.4±22.3 g were used. The animals were
divided into two groups: the control group received for seven days olive oil rich
in omega-9 oil through an orogastric tube, while the study group received
isocaloric and isovolumetric omega-3 emulsion at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, also for
seven days. Both groups were submitted to two colotomies followed by anastomosis,
in the right and left colon, respectively. Parameters evaluated included changes
in body weight, anastomotic complications and mortality, as well as maximum
tensile strength by using a tensiometer and collagen densitometry at the
anastomotic site. Results : There were no differences in body weight or mortality and morbidity between
groups. The value of the maximum tensile strength of the control group was 1.9±0.3
N and the study group 1.7±0.2, p=0.357. There was, however, a larger amount of
type I collagen deposition in the study group (p=0.0126). The collagen maturation
índex was 1.74±0.71 in the control group and 1.67±0.5 in the study group;
p=0,719). Conclusions : Preoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid in rats is associated with
increased collagen deposition of type I fibers in colonic anastomoses on the
5th postoperative day. No differences were observed in the tensile
strength or collagen maturation index.
Collapse
|
111
|
Abreu P, Pinheiro CHJ, Vitzel KF, Vasconcelos DAA, Torres RP, Fortes MS, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Mancini-Filho J, Hirabara SM, Curi R. Contractile function recovery in severely injured gastrocnemius muscle of rats treated with either oleic or linoleic acid. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1392-1405. [PMID: 27579497 DOI: 10.1113/ep085899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Oleic and linoleic acids modulate fibroblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation in vitro. However, their in vivo effects on muscle regeneration have not yet been examined. We investigated the effects of either oleic or linoleic acid on a well-established model of muscle regeneration after severe laceration. What is the main finding and its importance? We found that linoleic acid increases fibrous tissue deposition and impairs muscle regeneration and recovery of contractile function, whereas oleic acid has the opposite effects in severely injured gastrocnemius muscle, suggesting that linoleic acid has a harmful effect and oleic acid a potential therapeutic effect on muscle regeneration. Oleic and linoleic acids control fibroblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation in vitro; however, there was no study in skeletal muscle in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of either oleic or linoleic acid on the fibrous tissue content (collagen deposition) of muscle and recovery of contractile function in rat gastrocnemius muscle after being severely injured by laceration. Rats were supplemented with either oleic or linoleic acid for 4 weeks after laceration [0.44 g (kg body weight)-1 day-1 ]. Muscle injury led to an increase in oleic-to-stearic acid and palmitoleic-to-palmitic acid ratios, suggesting an increase in Δ9 desaturase activity. Increased fibrous tissue deposition and reduced isotonic and tetanic specific forces and resistance to fatigue were observed in the injured muscle. Supplementation with linoleic acid increased the content of eicosadienoic (20:2, n-6) and arachidonic (20:4, n-6) acids, reduced muscle mass and fibre cross-sectional areas, increased fibrous tissue deposition and further reduced the isotonic and tetanic specific forces and resistance to fatigue induced by laceration. Supplementation with oleic acid increased the content of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3) and abolished the increase in fibrous tissue area and the decrease in isotonic and tetanic specific forces and resistance to fatigue induced by muscle injury. We concluded that supplementation with linoleic acid impairs muscle regeneration and increases fibrous tissue deposition, resulting in impaired recovery of contractile function. Oleic acid supplementation reduced fibrous tissue deposition and improved recovery of contractile function, attenuating the tissue damage caused by muscle injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phablo Abreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H J Pinheiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaio F Vitzel
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosângela P Torres
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco S Fortes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandro M Hirabara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Wolfrum S, Marcus J, Touraud D, Kunz W. A renaissance of soaps? - How to make clear and stable solutions at neutral pH and room temperature. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 236:28-42. [PMID: 27476328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Soaps are the oldest and perhaps most natural surfactants. However, they lost much of their importance since "technical surfactants", usually based on sulfates or sulfonates, have been developed over the last fifty years. Indeed, soaps are pH- and salt-sensitive and they are irritant, especially to the eyes. In food emulsions, although authorized, they have a bad taste, and long-chain saturated soaps have a high Krafft temperature. We believe that most or perhaps all of these problems can be solved with modern formulation approaches. We start this paper with a short overview of our present knowledge of soaps and soap formulations. Then we focus on the problem of the lacking soap solubility at neutral pH values. For example, it is well known that with the food emulsifier sodium oleate (NaOl), clear and stable aqueous solutions can only be obtained at pH values higher than 10. A decrease in the pH value leads to turbid and unstable solutions. This effect is not compatible with the formulation of aqueous stable and drinkable formulations with neutral or even acidic pH values. However, the pH value/phase behavior of aqueous soap solutions can be altered by the addition of other surfactants. Such a surfactant can be Rebaudioside A (RebA), a steviol glycoside from the plant Stevia rebaudiana which is used as a natural food sweetener. In a recent paper, we showed the influence of RebA on the apKa value of sodium oleate in a beverage microemulsion and on its clearing temperature. In the present paper, we report on the effect of the edible bio-surfactant RebA, on the macroscopic and microscopic phase behavior of simple aqueous sodium oleate solutions at varying pH values. The macroscopic phase behavior is investigated by visual observation and turbidity measurements. The microscopic phase behavior is analyzed by acid-base titration curves, phase-contrast and electron microscopy. It turned out that even at neutral pH, aqueous NaOl/RebA solutions can be completely clear and stable for more than 50days at room temperature. This is for the first time that a long chain soap could be really solubilized in water at neutral pH at room temperature. At last, these findings were applied to prepare stable, highly translucent and drinkable aqueous solutions of omega-3-fatty acids at a pH value of 7.5.
Collapse
|
113
|
Pistollato F, Sumalla Cano S, Elio I, Masias Vergara M, Giampieri F, Battino M. Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:624-34. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
114
|
Yum HW, Na HK, Surh YJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid: Implications for its cancer chemopreventive potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:141-159. [PMID: 27546289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The implication of inflammatory tissue damage in pathophysiology of human cancer as well as some metabolic disorders has been under intense investigation. Numerous studies have identified a series of critical signaling molecules involved in cellular responses to inflammatory stimuli. These include nuclear factor κB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1. The proper regulation of these transcription factors mediating pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling hence provides an important strategy for the chemoprevention of inflammation-associated cancer. There is compelling evidence supporting that dietary supplementation with fish oil-derived ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ameliorates symptomatic inflammation associated with cancer as well as other divergent human disorders. Acute or physiologic inflammation is an essential body's first line of defence to microbial infection and tissue injuries, but it must be properly completed by a process termed 'resolution'. Failure of resolution mechanisms can result in persistence of inflammation, leading to chronic inflammatory conditions and related malignancies. The phagocytic engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils and clearance of their potentially histotoxic contents by macrophages, called efferocytosis is an essential component in resolving inflammation. Of note, DHA is a precursor of endogenous proresolving lipid mediators which regulate the leukocyte trafficking and recruitment and thereby facilitate efferocytosis. Therefore, DHA and its metabolites may have a preventive potential in the management of human cancer which arises as a consequence of impaired resolution of inflammation as well as chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yum
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, 01133, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Naouar MS, Mekki LZ, Charfi L, Boubaker J, Filali A. Preventive and curative effect of Pistacia lentiscus oil in experimental colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:577-583. [PMID: 27459113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the Pistacia lentiscus oil in experimental colitis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colitis was induced in male rats by instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in all groups. The experimental groups consisted of: 5 rats received Lentisc oil 2months before colitis induction (preventive group), 5 rats received the oil on the day of colitis induction (curative group) and 5 control rats. Lentisc oil was extracted from the ripe fruit of the plant by the cold press method and was analyzed by spectro-chromatography. Lentisc oil has been inserted with a standard diet at the dose of 30mg oil/100g of food/rat. RESULTS The lentisc oil sample is composed mainly by Oleic acid (47.96%), Palmitic acid (27.94%) and Linoleic acid (20.22%).There was a significant difference between control rats and treated rats with lentisc oil concerned body mass (p=0.009), bleeding index (p=0.005 and p=0.018) and diarrhea (p=0.012). Histological examination revealed a clear difference between the control and preventive groups with disappearance of erosion, decreased of cryptitis, irregular crypts and crypt loss in the preventive group. Curative group showed a significant decrease of ulceration, hyperplasia, cryptitis, irregular crypts and crypt loss compared to the control group. There was an attenuation of inflammation in the preventive group compared to the curative group without statistically significant. CONCLUSION Lentisc oil administration could provide a protective effect on intestinal inflammation in colitis rats induced by TNBS mainly when it is administered at a young age in preventive mode. This beneficial effect would involve a modification of arachidonic acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa S Naouar
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Laboratoire de physiologie, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Zouiten Mekki
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Laboratoire de physiologie, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia; Hôpital La Rabta, Service de gastroenterology, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Lamia Charfi
- Institut National de Cancérologie Salah Azaiez de Tunis, Servie d'Anatomie Pathologique, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jalel Boubaker
- Hôpital La Rabta, Service de gastroenterology, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Azza Filali
- Hôpital La Rabta, Service de gastroenterology, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Wang D, Lin Y, Gao B, Yan S, Wu H, Li Y, Wu Q, Wei Y. Reduced Expression of FADS1 Predicts Worse Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1226-32. [PMID: 27390597 PMCID: PMC4934030 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Fatty acid desaturase 1 is a member of the fatty acid desaturase, which is related to a number of diseases. However, its role in cancers remains unclear. This study was to explore the clinical importance of FADS1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Immunochemistry was used to evaluate FADS1 expressions in 216 paraffin-embedded specimens. The expression of FADS1 was divided into high and low groups. The clinical and prognostic significance of FADS1 expression was analyzed statistically by Kaplan-Meier estimate and Cox regression model. Results: FADS1 overexpressed in normal bronchial mucosa compared with non-small-cell lung cancer. Reduced FADS1 expression was associated with tumor size (P=0.023) and histological grade (P<0.0001). Patients with lower expression of FADS1 had shorter overall survival and disease free survival (P=0.001 and P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed FADS1 expression was an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC (P=0.011). Conclusion: Reduced expression of FADS1 suggests pessimistic prognosis for NSCLC patients. Further studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- 2. Department of First Chemotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Bei Gao
- 3. State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Shumei Yan
- 4. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Huini Wu
- 5. University of Illinois at Chicago, Biological Science, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Yong Li
- 4. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qiuliang Wu
- 4. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Wei
- 1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Huebner SM, Olson JM, Campbell JP, Bishop JW, Crump PM, Cook ME. Low Dietary c9t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Intake from Dairy Fat or Supplements Reduces Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Lipids 2016; 51:807-19. [PMID: 27270404 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cis-9,trans-11 (c9t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fed at 0.5 % w/w was previously shown to attenuate inflammation in the murine collagen-induced (CA) arthritis model, and growing evidence implicates c9t11-CLA as a major anti-inflammatory component of dairy fat. To understand c9t11-CLA's contribution to dairy fat's anti-inflammatory action, the minimum amount of dietary c9t11-CLA needed to reduce inflammation must be determined. This study had two objectives: (1) determine the minimum dietary anti-inflammatory c9t11-CLA intake level in the CA model, and (2) compare this to anti-inflammatory effects of dairy fat (non-enriched, naturally c9t11-CLA-enriched, or c9t11-CLA-supplemented). Mice received the following dietary fat treatments (w/w) post arthritis onset: corn oil (6 % CO), 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 % c9t11-CLA, control butter (6 % CB), c9t11-enriched butter (6 % EB), or c9t11-CLA-supplemented butter (6 % SB, containing 0.2 % c9t11-CLA). Paw arthritic severity and pad swelling were scored and measured, respectively, over an 84-day study period. All c9t11-CLA and butter diets decreased the arthritic score (25-51 %, P < 0.01) and paw swelling (8-11 %, P < 0.01). Throughout the study, plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) was elevated in CO-fed arthritic mice compared to non-arthritic (NA) mice but was reduced in 0.5 % c9t11-CLA- and EB-fed mice. Interleukin-1β and IL-6 were increased in arthritic CO-fed mice compared to NA mice but were reduced in 0.5 % c9t11-CLA- and EB-fed mice through day 42. In conclusion, 0.125 % c9t11-CLA reduced clinical arthritis as effectively as higher doses, and decreased arthritis in CB-fed mice suggested that the minimal anti-inflammatory levels of c9t11-CLA might be below 0.125 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Huebner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jake M Olson
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - James P Campbell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Bishop
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peter M Crump
- Department of Computing and Biometry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mark E Cook
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Hu B, Luo M, Ji X, Lin L, Wei Y, Zhang Q. Proteomic analysis of Mortierella isabellina M6-22 during cold stress. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:869-76. [PMID: 27262947 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to gain a better understanding of cold adaption in Mortierella isabellina M6-22 by using proteomics approaches. The temperature range and optimal temperature for M6-22 growth were investigated, and composition changes in fatty acids were analyzed. Accompanied with the 2-D gel electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis was conducted to characterize alterations in protein profiling in M6-22 cultured at 30 °C for 24 h and 15 °C for another 24 h when compared with those cultured at 30 °C for 48 h. Gene Ontology (GO) cluster analysis was finally conducted for successfully identified proteins. M6-22 cells could grow well at temperatures ranging from 15 to 30 °C. As temperature decreased from 30 to 15 °C, LA and GLA significantly increased from 11.63 to 17.85 % and from 9.12 to 13.19 %, respectively, while oleic acid significantly decreased from 47.25 to 36.53 %. Proteomics analyses revealed 111 differentially expressed protein spots, among which 5 unique proteins (A38, A40, A47, A49 and A58), 29 up-regulated proteins and 10 down-regulated proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that these proteins mainly involved in glycolytic pathway (A34 and A50), electron transport (A28), ATP production (A35 and B39) and protein modification (A38). A total of 44 differentially expressed proteins have been successfully identified in M. isabellina M6-22 cultured at 15 °C. These proteins may play important roles in cold adaption via regulation of ATP synthesis, activation of cold-adaptive proteins, degradation of needless protein, accumulation of PUFAs, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Minzhou Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lianbing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Allam-Ndoul B, Guénard F, Barbier O, Vohl MC. Effect of n-3 fatty acids on the expression of inflammatory genes in THP-1 macrophages. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:69. [PMID: 27044314 PMCID: PMC4820929 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uncontrolled inflammation participates in the development of inflammatory diseases. Beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the n-3 family such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on inflammation have been reported. The present study investigates the basal effects of EPA, DHA and a mixture EPA + DHA on the expression of 10 genes (AKT1, MAPK, NFKB, TNFA, IL1Β, MCP1, ALOX5, PTGS2, MGST1and NOS2) related to inflammation in unstimulated cultured THP1 macrophages. Cells were incubated for 24 h with n-3 PUFAs (50 μM and 10 μM EPA, DHA, EPA + DHA). Expression levels of inflammatory genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results 50 μM, 10 μM EPA and 50 μM EPA + DHA decreased the expression of genes involved in the NF-κB pathway (MAPK, AKT1, and NFKB). Treatment with 50 μM, 10 μM EPA, 50 μM DHA and EPA + DHA decreased expression levels of cytokines genes IL1Β and MCP1. TNFA expression was decreased by 50 μM, 10 μM of EPA, DHA and with 50 μM EPA + DHA. Two genes involved in the fatty acid metabolism (PTGS2 and ALOX5) were also modulated by the n-3 FAs. 50 μM of DHA and EPA + DHA inhibited PTGS2 expression when the two concentrations of EPA, 50 μM DHA and EPA + DHA inhibited ALOX5 expression. Finally, the effects of n-3 FAs were studied among genes involved in the oxidative stress. 50 μM of each fatty acid increased MGST1 expression. Both concentration of EPA and 50 μM DHA decreased NOS2 expression. Conclusion EPA seems to be more effective than DHA and EPA + DHA in modulating expression levels of selected inflammatory genes. The concentration of 50 μM was globally more effective than 10 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Allam-Ndoul
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Pavillon des Services, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Pavillon des Services, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU de Quebec Research Center, 2705, boulevard Laurier R-4720, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Pavillon des Services, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Hofmanová J, Slavík J, Ovesná P, Tylichová Z, Vondráček J, Straková N, Vaculová AH, Ciganek M, Kozubík A, Knopfová L, Šmarda J, Machala M. Dietary fatty acids specifically modulate phospholipid pattern in colon cells with distinct differentiation capacities. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1493-1508. [PMID: 26983609 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although beneficial effects of the dietary n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or butyrate in colon carcinogenesis have been implicated, the mechanisms of their action are not fully clear. Here, we investigated modulations of composition of individual phospholipid (PL) classes, with a particular emphasis on cardiolipins (CLs), in colon cells treated with DHA, sodium butyrate (NaBt), or their combination (DHA/NaBt), and we evaluated possible associations between lipid changes and cell fate after fatty acid treatment. METHODS In two distinct human colon cell models, foetal colon (FHC) and adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) cells, we compared patterns and composition of individual PL classes following the fatty acid treatment by HPLC-MS/MS. In parallel, we measured the parameters reflecting cell proliferation, differentiation and death. RESULTS In FHC cells, NaBt induced primarily differentiation, while co-treatment with DHA shifted their response towards cell death. In contrast, NaBt induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells, which was not further affected by DHA. DHA was incorporated in all main PL types, increasing their unsaturation, while NaBt did not additionally modulate these effects in either cell model. Nevertheless, we identified an unusually wide range of CL species to be highly increased by NaBt and particularly by DHA/NaBt, and these effects were more pronounced in HCT-116 cells. DHA and DHA/NaBt enhanced levels of high molecular weight and more unsaturated CL species, containing DHA, which was specific for either differentiation or apoptotic responses. CONCLUSIONS We identified a wide range of CL species in the colon cells which composition was significantly modified after DHA and NaBt treatment. These specific CL modulations might contribute to distinct cellular differentiation or apoptotic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Slavík
- Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesná
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Tylichová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Straková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Knopfová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šmarda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
121
|
Cormier H, Rudkowska I, Lemieux S, Couture P, Vohl MC. Expression and Sequence Variants of Inflammatory Genes; Effects on Plasma Inflammation Biomarkers Following a 6-Week Supplementation with Fish Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:375. [PMID: 26999109 PMCID: PMC4813234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature suggest that polymorphisms (SNPs) from inflammation-related genes could possibly play a role in cytokine production and then interact with dietary n-3 fatty acids (FAs) to modulate inflammation. The aim of the present study was to test whether gene expression of selected inflammatory genes was altered following an n-3 PUFA supplementation and to test for gene-diet interactions modulating plasma inflammatory biomarker levels. (2) METHODS: 191 subjects completed a 6-week n-3 FA supplementation with 5 g/day of fish oil. Gene expression of TNF-α and IL6 was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the TaqMan technology. Genotyping of 20 SNPs from the TNF-LTA gene cluster, IL1β, IL6 and CRP genes was performed. (3) RESULTS: There was no significant reduction of plasma IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels after the 6-week fish oil supplementation. TNF-α and IL6 were slightly overexpressed in PBMCs after the supplementation (fold changes of 1.05 ± 0.38 and 1.18 ± 0.49, respectively (n = 191)), but relative quantification (RQ) within the -0.5 to 2.0 fold are considered as nonbiologically significant. In a MIXED model for repeated measures adjusted for the effects of age, sex and BMI, gene by supplementation interaction effects were observed for rs1143627, rs16944, rs1800797, and rs2069840 on IL6 levels, for rs2229094 on TNF-α levels and for rs1800629 on CRP levels (p < 0.05 for all). (4) CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a 6-week n-3 FA supplementation with 5 g/day of fish oil did not alter gene expression levels of TNF-α and IL6 in PBMCs and did not have an impact on inflammatory biomarker levels. However, gene-diet interactions were observed between SNPs within inflammation-related genes modulating plasma inflammatory biomarker levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Cormier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Kinesiology, CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Kondreddy VKR, Kamatham AN. Celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, synergistically potentiates the anti-inflammatory activity of docosahexaenoic acid in macrophage cell line. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:153-61. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2016.1147578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
123
|
Jia HJ, Zhang PJ, Liu YL, Jiang CG, Zhu X, Tian YP. Relationship of serum polyunsaturated fatty acids with cytokines in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2524-2532. [PMID: 26937140 PMCID: PMC4768198 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i8.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship of serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) with kinds of cytokines in colorectal cancer (CRC).
METHODS: Serum samples of 100 CRC patients were collected. The concentration of total n-3 PUFA which included C18:3 n-3, C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3 and the total n-6 PUFA included C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-6, C20:3 n-6, C20:4 n-6, and C22:5 n-6 were detected on GC-2010 Plus Gas Chromatograph with a OmegawaxTM 250 column. Cytokines were detected by MagPlexTM-C microspheres. P values for the trend were estimated by creating a continuous variable using the median value within quartiles.
RESULTS: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed significantly positive association with the C20:4 n-6 (P for trend = 0.004). Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) showed significant positive association with the C22:5 n-3 (P for trend = 0.035). IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) showed significant inverse association with the C22:6 n-3 (P for trend = 0.049, and 0.021). MMP-2 showed significant inverse association with the C20:5 n-3 (P for trend = 0.008). MMP-7 showed significantly positive association with the ratio of n-6 PUFA and n-3 PUFA (P for trend = 0.008). MMP-7 also showed significantly inverse association with the ratio of C20:4 n-6 and (n-6 PUFA + n-3 PUFA) (P for trend = 0.024). IL-10 (P for trend = 0.023) and IL-6 (P for trend = 0.036) showed significantly positive association with the ratio of C20:4 n-6 and C20:5 n-3.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that serum levels of PUFA is related to the inflammation of CRC, and also play different role in regulation of immune response.
Collapse
|
124
|
Triantafyllidis I, Poutahidis T, Taitzoglou I, Kesisoglou I, Lazaridis C, Botsios D. Treatment with Mesna and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorates experimental ulcerative colitis in rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 96:433-43. [PMID: 26852691 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is a central feature of ulcerative colitis. Here, we tested whether the antioxidant Mesna, when administered alone or in combination with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), affects the outcome of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. After the induction of colitis, DSS-treated rats were further treated orally (p.o), intraperitoneally (i.p) or intrarectally (i.r) for either 7 or 14 days with Mesna, n-3 PUFAs or both. Rats were euthanized at the end of each treatment period. Clinical disease activity index was recorded throughout the experiment. At necropsy colorectal gross lesions were scored. Colitis was scored histologically, and the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), caspase-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κΒ) in colonic tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Mesna alone was sufficient to significantly reduce colorectal tissue damage when administered orally or intraperitoneally. Orally coadministered n-3 PUFAs enhanced this effect, resulting in the significant suppression of DSS colitis after 7 days, and a remarkable recovery of colorectal mucosa was evident after 14 days of treatment. The amelioration of colon pathology co-existed with a significant decrease in MPO expression, overexpression of iNOS and reduction of nuclear NF-κB p65 in inflammatory cells, and the suppression of apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells. The simultaneous administration of Mesna and n-3 PUFAs is particularly effective in ameliorating DSS colitis in rats, by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, probably through a mechanism that involves the inhibition of NF-κB and overexpression of iNOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isaak Kesisoglou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Lazaridis
- 4th Department of Surgery, Papanikolaou University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Botsios
- 4th Department of Surgery, Papanikolaou University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Guo H, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhang W, Xu F, Zhang Z. A pseudo-kinetics approach for time-series metabolomics investigations: more reliable and sensitive biomarkers revealed in vincristine-induced paralytic ileus rats. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A pseudo-kinetics approach was proposed to investigate global metabolic alterations and screen sensitive biomarkers based on AUC and Tmax calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines
- Macau University of Science and Technology
- Taipa
- China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Barman M, Nilsson S, Torinsson Naluai Å, Sandin A, Wold AE, Sandberg AS. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the FADS Gene Cluster but not the ELOVL2 Gene are Associated with Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition and Development of Allergy (in a Swedish Birth Cohort). Nutrients 2015; 7:10100-15. [PMID: 26633493 PMCID: PMC4690073 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influences immune function and may affect the risk of allergy development. Long chain PUFAs are produced from dietary precursors catalyzed by desaturases and elongases encoded by FADS and ELOVL genes. In 211 subjects, we investigated whether polymorphisms in the FADS gene cluster and the ELOVL2 gene were associated with allergy or PUFA composition in serum phospholipids in a Swedish birth-cohort sampled at birth and at 13 years of age; allergy was diagnosed at 13 years of age. Minor allele carriers of rs102275 and rs174448 (FADS gene cluster) had decreased proportions of 20:4 n-6 in cord and adolescent serum and increased proportions of 20:3 n-6 in cord serum as well as a nominally reduced risk of developing atopic eczema, but not respiratory allergy, at 13 years of age. Minor allele carriers of rs17606561 in the ELOVL2 gene had nominally decreased proportions of 20:4 n-6 in cord serum but ELOVL polymorphisms (rs2236212 and rs17606561) were not associated with allergy development. Thus, reduced capacity to desaturase n-6 PUFAs due to FADS polymorphisms was nominally associated with reduced risk for eczema development, which could indicate a pathogenic role for long-chain PUFAs in allergy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Barman
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Torinsson Naluai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Anna Sandin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Agnes E Wold
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Yang X, Wang Y, Yao J, Yang X. Mechanistic study of signalling pathways in intestinal B lymphocytes using eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in broiler chickens. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
128
|
Liu Y. Fatty acids, inflammation and intestinal health in pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:41. [PMID: 26361542 PMCID: PMC4564983 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is not only critical for nutrient digestion and absorption, but also is the largest immune organ in the body. However, in pig production, inflammation induced by numerous factors, such as pathogen infection and stresses (e.g., weaning), results in intestinal mucosal injury and dysfunction, and consequently results in poor growth of pigs. Dietary fatty acids not only play critical roles in energy homeostasis and cellular membrane composition, but also exert potent effects on intestinal development, immune function, and inflammatory response. Recent studies support potential therapeutic roles for specific fatty acids (short chain and medium chain fatty acids and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids) in intestinal inflammation of pigs. Results of these new lines of work indicate trophic and cytoprotective effects of fatty acids on intestinal integrity in pigs. In this article, we review the effect of inflammation on intestinal structure and function, and the role of specific fatty acids on intestinal health of pigs, especially under inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
|
130
|
Diet-Gene Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease: the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Metabolic Pathway as a Prototype. Curr Nutr Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-015-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
131
|
Stein K, Stoffels M, Lysson M, Schneiker B, Dewald O, Krönke G, Kalff JC, Wehner S. A role for 12/15-lipoxygenase-derived proresolving mediators in postoperative ileus: protectin DX-regulated neutrophil extravasation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:231-9. [PMID: 26292977 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0515-189r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolution of inflammation is an active counter-regulatory mechanism involving polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived proresolving lipid mediators. Postoperative intestinal motility disturbances, clinically known as postoperative ileus, occur frequently after abdominal surgery and are mediated by a complex inflammation of the intestinal muscularis externa. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that proresolving lipid mediators are involved in the resolution of postoperative ileus. In a standardized experimental model of postoperative ileus, we detected strong expression of 12/15-lipoxygenase within the postoperative muscularis externa of C57BL/6 mice, predominately located within CX3CR1(+)/Ly6C(+) infiltrating monocytes rather than Ly6G(+) neutrophils. Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that a 12/15-lipoxygenase increase was accompanied by production of docosahexaenoic acid-derived lipid mediators, particularly protectin DX and resolvin D2, and their common precursor 17-hydroxy docosahexaenoic acid. Perioperative administration of protectin DX, but not resolvin D2 diminished blood-derived leukocyte infiltration into the surgically manipulated muscularis externa and improved the gastrointestinal motility. Flow cytometry analyses showed impaired Ly6G(+)/Ly6C(+) neutrophil extravasation after protectin DX treatment, whereas Ly6G(-)/Ly6C(+) monocyte numbers were not affected. 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice, lacking endogenous protectin DX synthesis, demonstrated increased postoperative leukocyte levels. Preoperative intravenous administration of a docosahexaenoic acid-rich lipid emulsion reduced postoperative leukocyte infiltration in wild-type mice but failed in 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice mice. Protectin DX application reduced leukocyte influx and rescued 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice mice from postoperative ileus. In conclusion, our results show that 12/15-lipoxygenase mediates postoperative ileus resolution via production of proresolving docosahexaenoic acid-derived protectin DX. Perioperative, parenteral protectin DX or docosahexaenoic acid supplementation, as well as modulation of the 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway, may be instrumental in prevention of postoperative ileus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Stein
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melissa Stoffels
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mariola Lysson
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bianca Schneiker
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Dewald
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg C Kalff
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Departments of *Surgery and Cardiac Surgery, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Reifen R, Karlinsky A, Stark AH, Berkovich Z, Nyska A. α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammatory bowel disease. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1632-40. [PMID: 26350254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that consumption of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) plays a protective role in inflammatory bowel disease; however, the use of plant-derived oils rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) has not been widely investigated. The aims of this study were to test the effects of two different sources of (n-3) PUFA, fish and plant-derived oils, in two animal models of experimental colitis and to determine whether the (n-3) PUFA-enriched diets could ameliorate the inflammatory status. Rats were fed diets rich in corn, fish or sage oil with or without vitamin A supplementation for 3weeks then colitis was induced by adding dextran sodium sulfate to the drinking water or by injecting 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. We show that colitic rats fed the sage oil diets had a lower inflammatory response, improved histological repair and had less necrotic damage in the mucosa when compared to the corn and fish oil groups. Colonic damage and myeloperoxidase activity were significantly lower. Colonic mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes including interleukin IL-6, cyclooxygenase 2 and tumor necrosis factor α were markedly down-regulated in rats fed fish and sage oils compared to control. These results were supported by experiments in the human colonic epithelial cell line Caco-2, where ALA supplementation was shown to be effective in inhibiting inflammation induced by IL-1β by down-regulating mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes including IL-8, COX2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Taken together, these results suggest that plant-derived oil rich in ALA could ameliorate the inflammatory damage in colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Reifen
- The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Anna Karlinsky
- The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aliza H Stark
- The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zipi Berkovich
- The School of Nutritional Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Reddy KVK, Naidu KA. Maternal and neonatal dietary intake of balanced n-6/n-3 fatty acids modulates experimental colitis in young adult rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1875-90. [PMID: 26246200 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imbalance of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the maternal diet impairs intestinal barrier development and sensitizes the colon response to inflammatory insults in the young rats. With a view to overcoming this issue, we designed this study to investigate the effect of maternal and neonatal intake of different proportions of n-6/n-3 fatty acids on colon inflammation in the young adult rats. METHODS Female Wistar rats were assigned into four groups, and each group fed one of four semisynthetic diets, namely n-6, low n-3, n-6/n-3 and n-3 fatty acids for 8 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation periods. At weaning, the pups were separated from the dams and fed diet similar to the mothers. Colitis was induced on postnatal day 35, by administering 2 % dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water for 10 days. Colitis was assessed based on the clinical and inflammatory markers in the colon. Fatty acid analysis was done in liver, RBC, colon and spleen. RESULTS A balanced n-6/n-3 PUFA diet significantly improved the body weight loss, rectal bleeding and mortality in rats. This was associated with lower myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α and IL-6, IL-8, COX-2 and iNOS levels in the colon tissues. Fatty acid analysis has shown that the arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid ratio was significantly lower in liver, RBC, colon and spleen in n-6/n-3 and n-3 diet groups. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that balanced n-6/n-3 PUFA supplementation in maternal and neonatal diet alters systemic AA/DHA ratio and attenuates colon inflammation in the young adult rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Vijay Kumar Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
| | - K Akhilender Naidu
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Du Y, Yan SM, Gu WY, He F, Huang LY, Li M, Yuan Y, Chen RH, Zhong Q, Li MZ, Li Y, Zeng MS. Decreased Expression of FADS1 Predicts a Poor Prognosis in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:5089-94. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.5089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
135
|
Lam YY, Ha CWY, Hoffmann JMA, Oscarsson J, Dinudom A, Mather TJ, Cook DI, Hunt NH, Caterson ID, Holmes AJ, Storlien LH. Effects of dietary fat profile on gut permeability and microbiota and their relationships with metabolic changes in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1429-39. [PMID: 26053244 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To distinguish the effects of dietary fat profile on gut parameters and their relationships with metabolic changes and to determine the capacity of n-3 fatty acids to modify gut variables in the context of diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions. METHODS Mice received control or high-fat diets emphasizing saturated (HFD-sat), n-6 (HFD-n6), or n-3 (HFD-n3) fatty acids for 8 weeks. In another cohort, mice that were maintained on HFD-sat received n-3-rich fish oil or resolvin D1 supplementation. RESULTS HFD-sat and HFD-n6 induced similar weight gain, but only HFD-sat increased index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), colonic permeability, and mesenteric fat inflammation. Hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria were one of the major groups driving the diet-specific changes in gut microbiome, with the overall microbial profile being associated with changes in body weight, HOMA-IR, and gut permeability. In mice maintained on HFD-sat, fish oil and resolvin D1 restored barrier function and reduced inflammation in the colon but were unable to normalize HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Different dietary fat profiles led to distinct intestinal and metabolic outcomes that are independent of obesity. Interventions targeting inflammation successfully restored gut health but did not reverse systemic aspects of diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, implicating separation between gut dysfunctions and disease-initiating and/or -maintaining processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Lam
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- John S McIlhenny Skeletal Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Connie W Y Ha
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny M A Hoffmann
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anuwat Dinudom
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas J Mather
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David I Cook
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas H Hunt
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian D Caterson
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Holmes
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Len H Storlien
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Boulila A, Bejaoui A. Lycium intricatum Boiss.: An unexploited and rich source of unsaturated fatty acids, 4-desmethylsterols and other valuable phytochemicals. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:59. [PMID: 26104186 PMCID: PMC4485344 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lycium intricatum Boiss., a Solanaceous shrubbery is used in Tunisia as a windbreak and medicinal plant. However, it is considered as underexploited specie despite its high potential to serve as source with economic and nutritional value. To date only limited information about its phytochemistry, especially of its oil has been published. This work provides data on fatty acids, phytosterols and vitamin D composition of L. intricatum seed oil. It opens up new possibilities of developing L. intricatum as a new crop that contains phytochemicals with high added value little influenced by selection or commercial breeding. FINDINGS The composition of fatty acids, phytosterols and vitamin D in L. intricatum seed oil was assessed by GC-FID. The main fatty acids of L. intricatum seed oil were linoleic acid (49.47%), palmitoleic acid (27.96%) and erucic acid (13.62%). Palimtic acid was present at low percentage (0.63%). The content of unsaturated fatty acids was high as 94.04%. The sterolic fraction was composed of stigmasterol (18.56 mg/100 g), β-sitosterol (13.04 mg/100 g). L. intricatum oil is an oily matrix that contains hydrocarbons, mainly squalene (63.36 mg/100 g), and two triterpenic alcohol erythrodiol (80.36 mg/100 g) and uvaol (24.06 mg/100 g). provitamin D was present in high quantity (8.12 mg/100 g). CONCLUSIONS From these results it has been shown that L. intricatum seeds have great potential as a source of fatty acids and phytosterols for natural health products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdennacer Boulila
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, National Institute of Research and Physico-chemical Analysis, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, 2020, Tunisia.
| | - Afef Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, BP 676, Centre Urbain Nord, Tunis Cedex, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Fontes JD, Rahman F, Lacey S, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Harris WS, Robins SJ. Red blood cell fatty acids and biomarkers of inflammation: a cross-sectional study in a community-based cohort. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:431-6. [PMID: 25897795 PMCID: PMC4511480 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and inflammatory biomarkers have emerged as integral components and predictors of incident cardiovascular (CV) disease. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA and DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties, and have been variably associated with lower blood pressure, favorable blood lipid changes, and reduced CV events. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the cross-sectional association of red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids, representative of body membrane fatty acid composition, with 10 biomarkers active in multiple inflammatory pathways in 2724 participants (mean age 66 ± 9 years, 54% women, 8% minorities) from the Framingham Offspring and minority Omni Cohorts. After multivariable adjustment, the RBC EPA and DHA content was inversely correlated (all P ≤ 0.001) with 8 biomarkers: urinary isoprostanes (r = -0.16); and soluble interleukin-6 (r = -0.10); C-reactive protein (r = -0.08); tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (r = -0.08); intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (r = -0.08); P-selectin (r = -0.06); lipoprotein-associated phospholipase-A2 mass (r = -0.11) and activity (r = -0.08). The correlations for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was -0.05, P = 0.006 and osteoprotegerin (r = -0.06, P = 0.002) were only nominally significant. CONCLUSION In our large community-based study, we observed modest inverse associations between several types of inflammatory biomarkers with RBC omega-3 fatty acid levels. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João D Fontes
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faisal Rahman
- Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sean Lacey
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Epidemiology Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Epidemiology Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, and OmegaQuant Analytics, LLC, 5009 W. 12th St, Ste 8, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, USA.
| | - Sander J Robins
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Ortega FJ, Cardona-Alvarado MI, Mercader JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Moreno M, Sabater M, Fuentes-Batllevell N, Ramírez-Chávez E, Ricart W, Molina-Torres J, Pérez-Luque EL, Fernández-Real JM. Circulating profiling reveals the effect of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet on common microRNAs. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1095-101. [PMID: 26092372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are abundant in seafood and nuts, ameliorates components of the metabolic syndrome. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated to be valuable biomarkers of metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated whether a sustained nuts-enriched diet can lead to changes in circulating miRNAs, in parallel to the dietary modification of fatty acids (FAs). METHODS AND RESULTS The profile of 192 common miRNAs was assessed (TaqMan low-density arrays) in plasma from 10 healthy women before and after an 8-week trial with a normocaloric diet enriched with PUFAs (30 g/day of almonds and walnuts). The most relevant miRNAs were validated in an extended sample of 30 participants (8 men and 22 women). Adiponectin was measured by immunoassay and FAs by gas liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The percentage of both ω-3 (P=.01) and ω-6 (P=.029) PUFAs of dietary origin (as inferred from plasma FA concentrations) increased, whereas saturated FAs decreased (P=.0008). Concomitantly with changes in circulating FAs, several miRNAs were modified by treatment, including decreased miR-328, miR-330-3p, miR-221 and miR-125a-5p, and increased miR-192, miR-486-5p, miR-19b, miR-106a, miR-769-5p, miR-130b and miR-18a. Interestingly, miR-106a variations in plasma correlated with changes in PUFAs, while miR-130b (r=0.58, P=.003) and miR-221 (r=0.46, P=.03) reflected changes in C-reactive protein. The dietary modulation of miR-125a-5p mirrored changes in fasting triglycerides (r=-0.44, P=.019) and increased adiponectin (r=0.43, P=.026). CONCLUSION Dietary FAs (as inferred from plasma FA concentration) are linked to changes in circulating miRNAs, which may be modified by a PUFAs-enriched diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
| | - Mónica I Cardona-Alvarado
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, México
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Joint IRB-BSC program on Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - María Moreno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Fuentes-Batllevell
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Enrique Ramírez-Chávez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Elva L Pérez-Luque
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, México
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Layé S, Madore C, St-Amour I, Delpech JC, Joffre C, Nadjar A, Calon F. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and neuroinflammation in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/nua-150049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle St-Amour
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Delpech
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain International associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
van Diest SA, van den Elsen LWJ, Klok AJ, Welting O, Hilbers FW, van de Heijning BJ, Gaemers IC, Boeckxstaens GE, Werner MF, Willemsen LEM, de Jonge WJ, van den Wijngaard RM. Dietary Marine n-3 PUFAs Do Not Affect Stress-Induced Visceral Hypersensitivity in a Rat Maternal Separation Model. J Nutr 2015; 145:915-22. [PMID: 25716554 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.201731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although never evaluated for efficacy, n-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are commercially offered as treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate, in a mast cell-dependent model for visceral hypersensitivity, whether this pathophysiologic mechanism can be reversed by dietary LCPUFA treatment via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) activation. METHODS Maternally separated rats were subjected to hypersensitivity-inducing acute stress at adult age. Reversal was attempted by protocols with tuna oil-supplemented diets [4% soy oil (SO) and 3% tuna oil (SO-T3) or 3% SO and 7% tuna oil (SO-T7)] and compared with control SO diets (7% or 10% SO) 4 wk after stress. The PPARG agonist rosiglitazone was evaluated in a 1 wk preventive protocol (30 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹). Erythrocytes were assessed to confirm LCPUFA uptake and tissue expression of lipoprotein lipase and glycerol kinase as indicators of PPARG activation. Colonic mast cell degranulation was evaluated by toluidine blue staining. In vitro, human mast cell line 1 (HMC-1) cells were pretreated with rosiglitazone, eicosapentaenoic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid, stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore or compound 48/80 and evaluated for tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and β-hexosaminidase release. RESULTS Stress led to visceral hypersensitivity in all groups. Hypersensitivity was not reversed by SO-T3 or control treatment [prestress vs. 24 h poststress vs. posttreatment area under the curve; 76 ± 4 vs. 128 ± 12 (P < 0.05) vs. 115 ± 14 and 82 ± 5 vs. 127 ± 16 (P < 0.01) vs. 113 ± 19, respectively]. Comparison of SO-T7 with its control showed similar results [74 ± 6 vs. 103 ± 13 (P < 0.05) vs. 115 ± 17 and 66 ± 3 vs. 103 ± 10 (P < 0.05) vs. 117 ± 11, respectively]. Erythrocytes showed significant LCPUFA uptake in the absence of colonic PPARG activation. Rosiglitazone induced increased PPARG target gene expression, but did not prevent hypersensitivity. Mast cell degranulation never differed between groups. Rosiglitazone and LCPUFAs significantly reduced PMA/calcium ionophore-induced TNF-α release but not degranulation of HMC-1 cells. CONCLUSION Dietary LCPUFAs did not reverse stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in maternally separated rats. Although further research is needed, claims concerning LCPUFAs as a treatment option in IBS cannot be confirmed at this point and should be regarded with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A van Diest
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke W J van den Elsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Allison J Klok
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisca W Hilbers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ingrid C Gaemers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Maria F Werner
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Section, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René M van den Wijngaard
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Della Guardia L, Cavallaro M, Cena H. The risks of self-made diets: the case of an amateur bodybuilder. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2015; 12:16. [PMID: 25908930 PMCID: PMC4407350 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-015-0077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following DIY (do it yourself) diets as well as consuming supplements exceeding by far the recommended daily intake levels, is common among athletes; these dietary habits often lead to an overconsumption of some macro and/or micronutrients, exposing athletes to potential health risks. The aim of this study is to document the development of possible adverse effects in a 33 year-old amateur bodybuilder who consumed for 16 years a DIY high protein diet associated to nutrient supplementation. Body composition, biochemical measures and anamnestic findings were evaluated. We present this case to put on alert about the possible risks of such behavior repeated over time, focusing on the adverse gastrointestinal effects. We discuss the energy and nutrient composition of his DIY diet as well as the use of supplements. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary data of the potential risks of a long-term DIY dietary supplementation and a high protein diet. In this case, permanent abdominal discomfort was evidenced in an amateur body builder with an intake exceeding tolerable upper limit for vitamin A, selenium and zinc, according to our national and updated recommendations. As many amateur athletes usually adopt self-made diets and supplementation, it would be advisable for them to be supervised in order to prevent health risks due to a long-term DIY diet and over-supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Della Guardia
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cavallaro
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Pavia, via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
An update on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and degenerative diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:341-9. [PMID: 25752887 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies have evidenced important anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs). This review illustrates current knowledge about the efficacy of n-3 LC-PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), particularly) in preventing and/or treating several chronic inflammatory conditions (inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis) as well as their potential benefits on neurodegenerative diseases. It is well established that n-3 LC-PUFAs are substrates for synthesis of novel series of lipid mediators (e.g., resolvins, protectins, and maresins) with potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, which have been proposed to partly mediate the protective and beneficial actions of n-3 LC-PUFAs. Here, we briefly summarize current knowledge from preclinical studies analyzing the actions of EPA- and DHA-derived resolvins and protectins on pathophysiological models of rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer, and irritable bowel syndrome.
Collapse
|
143
|
De Preter V, Machiels K, Joossens M, Arijs I, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K. Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD. Gut 2015; 64:447-58. [PMID: 24811995 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria play a role in the onset and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation in IBD. Compositional alterations may also change the metabolic capacities of the gut bacteria. OBJECTIVE To examine the metabolic activity of the microbiota of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), UC or pouchitis compared with healthy controls (HC) and determine whether eventual differences might be related to the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS Faecal samples were obtained from 40 HC, 83 patients with CD, 68 with UC and 13 with pouchitis. Disease activity was assessed in CD using the Harvey-Bradshaw Index, in UC using the UC Disease Activity Index and in pouchitis using the Pouchitis Disease Activity Index. Metabolite profiles were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The number of metabolites identified in HC (54) was significantly higher than in patients with CD (44, p<0.001), UC (47, p=0.042) and pouchitis (43, p=0.036). Multivariate discriminant analysis predicted HC, CD, UC and pouchitis group membership with high sensitivity and specificity. The levels of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs: pentanoate, hexanoate, heptanoate, octanoate and nonanoate), and of some protein fermentation metabolites, were significantly decreased in patients with CD, UC and pouchitis. Hexanoate levels were inversely correlated to disease activity in CD (correlation coefficient=-0.157, p=0.046), whereas a significant positive correlation was found between styrene levels and disease activity in UC (correlation coefficient=0.338, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Faecal metabolic profiling in patients with IBD relative to healthy controls identified MCFAs as important metabolic biomarkers of disease-related changes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NO NCT 01666717.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky De Preter
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Machiels
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Joossens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Structural Biology, Research group of Bioinformatics and (Eco-)Systems Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium Microbiology Unit (MICR), Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Subdivision Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Rutgeerts
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristin Verbeke
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID) and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Chang HY, Lee HN, Kim W, Surh YJ. Docosahexaenoic acid induces M2 macrophage polarization through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation. Life Sci 2015; 120:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
145
|
Liu Y, Buendía-Rodríguez G, Peñuelas-Rívas CG, Tan Z, Rívas-Guevara M, Tenorio-Borroto E, Munteanu CR, Pazos A, González-Díaz H. Experimental and computational studies of fatty acid distribution networks. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:2964-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A new PT-LFER model is useful for predicting a distribution network in terms of specific fatty acid distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science
- Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
- Toluca
- Mexico
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Engineering
| | - Germán Buendía-Rodríguez
- National Center for Disciplinary Research on Animal Physiology and Breeding
- National Institute of Forestry
- Agriculture and Livestock Research
- Queretaro
- Mexico
| | | | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Engineering
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - María Rívas-Guevara
- Ethnobiology and Biodiversity Research Center
- Chapingo Autonomous University
- Texcoco
- Mexico
| | - Esvieta Tenorio-Borroto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science
- Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
- Toluca
- Mexico
| | | | | | - Humberto González-Díaz
- Department of Organic Chemistry II
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Leioa
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Tyagi A, Kumar U, Santosh VS, Reddy S, Mohammed SB, Ibrahim A. Partial replacement of dietary linoleic acid with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:289-97. [PMID: 25451558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Imbalances in the dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been implicated in the increased prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated the effects of substitution of linoleic acid with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and hence decreasing n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on inflammatory response in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets with n-6:n-3 fatty acid in the ratios of 215,50,10 or 5 for 3 months and colitis was induced by administration of dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water during last 11 days. Decreasing the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio to 10 and 5 significantly attenuated the severity of colitis as evidenced by improvements in clinical symptoms, reversal of shortening of colon length, reduced severity of anemia, preservation of colonic architecture as well as reduced colonic mucosal myeloperoxidase activity. This protection was associated with suppression of colonic mucosal proinflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-1β and nitric oxide. These findings suggest that long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at a level of 3.0 g/kg diet (n-6:n-3 ratio of 10) prevents dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis by suppressing the proinflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Tyagi
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Uday Kumar
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vadakattu Sai Santosh
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryam Reddy
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saazida Bhanu Mohammed
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Fleming JA, Kris-Etherton PM. The evidence for α-linolenic acid and cardiovascular disease benefits: Comparisons with eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:863S-76S. [PMID: 25398754 PMCID: PMC4224228 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.005850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits of α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) has advanced markedly during the past decade. It is now evident that ALA benefits CVD risk. The expansion of the ALA evidence base has occurred in parallel with ongoing research on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and CVD. The available evidence enables comparisons to be made for ALA vs. EPA + DHA for CVD risk reduction. The epidemiologic evidence suggests comparable benefits of plant-based and marine-derived n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs. The clinical trial evidence for ALA is not as extensive; however, there have been CVD event benefits reported. Those that have been reported for EPA + DHA are stronger because only EPA + DHA differed between the treatment and control groups, whereas in the ALA studies there were diet differences beyond ALA between the treatment and control groups. Despite this, the evidence suggests many comparable CVD benefits of ALA vs. EPA + DHA. Thus, we believe that it is time to revisit what the contemporary dietary recommendation should be for ALA to decrease the risk of CVD. Our perspective is that increasing dietary ALA will decrease CVD risk; however, randomized controlled clinical trials are necessary to confirm this and to determine what the recommendation should be. With a stronger evidence base, the nutrition community will be better positioned to revise the dietary recommendation for ALA for CVD risk reduction.
Collapse
|
148
|
Sharma S, Zhou X, Thibault DM, Himes BE, Liu A, Szefler SJ, Strunk R, Castro M, Hansel NN, Diette GB, Vonakis BM, Adkinson NF, Avila L, Soto-Quiros M, Barraza-Villareal A, Lemanske RF, Solway J, Krishnan J, White SR, Cheadle C, Berger AE, Fan J, Boorgula MP, Nicolae D, Gilliland F, Barnes K, London SJ, Martinez F, Ober C, Celedón JC, Carey VJ, Weiss ST, Raby BA. A genome-wide survey of CD4(+) lymphocyte regulatory genetic variants identifies novel asthma genes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1153-62. [PMID: 24934276 PMCID: PMC4253878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have yet to identify the majority of genetic variants involved in asthma. We hypothesized that expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping can identify novel asthma genes by enabling prioritization of putative functional variants for association testing. OBJECTIVE We evaluated 6706 cis-acting expression-associated variants (eSNPs) identified through a genome-wide eQTL survey of CD4(+) lymphocytes for association with asthma. METHODS eSNPs were tested for association with asthma in 359 asthmatic patients and 846 control subjects from the Childhood Asthma Management Program, with verification by using family-based testing. Significant associations were tested for replication in 579 parent-child trios with asthma from Costa Rica. Further functional validation was performed by using formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements (FAIRE) quantitative PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR in lung-derived epithelial cell lines (Beas-2B and A549) and Jurkat cells, a leukemia cell line derived from T lymphocytes. RESULTS Cis-acting eSNPs demonstrated associations with asthma in both cohorts. We confirmed the previously reported association of ORMDL3/GSDMB variants with asthma (combined P = 2.9 × 10(-8)). Reproducible associations were also observed for eSNPs in 3 additional genes: fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2; P = .002), N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminidase (NAGA; P = .0002), and Factor XIII, A1 (F13A1; P = .0001). Subsequently, we demonstrated that FADS2 mRNA is increased in CD4(+) lymphocytes in asthmatic patients and that the associated eSNPs reside within DNA segments with histone modifications that denote open chromatin status and confer enhancer activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the utility of eQTL mapping in the identification of novel asthma genes and provide evidence for the importance of FADS2, NAGA, and F13A1 in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Derek M Thibault
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Andy Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | | | - Robert Strunk
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Gregory B Diette
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Becky M Vonakis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - N Franklin Adkinson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | | | | | - Albino Barraza-Villareal
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
| | - Julian Solway
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jerry Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Ill
| | - Steven R White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Chris Cheadle
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Alan E Berger
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Dan Nicolae
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Kathleen Barnes
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Stephanie J London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | | | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Vincent J Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Madore C, Nadjar A, Delpech JC, Sere A, Aubert A, Portal C, Joffre C, Layé S. Nutritional n-3 PUFAs deficiency during perinatal periods alters brain innate immune system and neuronal plasticity-associated genes. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 41:22-31. [PMID: 24735929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dietary intake of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is a causative factor of neurodevelopmental disorders. However the mechanisms linking n-3 PUFAs low dietary intake and neurodevelopmental disorders are poorly understood. Microglia, known mainly for their immune function in the injured or infected brain, have recently been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in regulating maturation of neuronal circuits during normal brain development. Disruption of this role during the perinatal period therefore could significantly contribute to psychopathologies with a neurodevelopmental neurodevelopmental component. N-3 PUFAs, essential lipids and key structural components of neuronal membrane phospholipids, are highly incorporated in cell membranes during the gestation and lactation phase. We previously showed that in a context of perinatal n-3 PUFAs deficiency, accretion of these latter is decreased and this is correlated to an alteration of endotoxin-induced inflammatory response. We thus postulated that dietary n-3 PUFAs imbalance alters the activity of microglia in the developing brain, leading to abnormal formation of neuronal networks. We first confirmed that mice fed with a n-3 PUFAs deficient diet displayed decreased n-3 PUFAs levels in the brain at post-natal days (PND)0 and PND21. We then demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs deficiency altered microglia phenotype and motility in the post-natal developing brain. This was paralleled by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines expression at PND21 and to modification of neuronal plasticity-related genes expression. Overall, our findings show for the first time that a dietary n-3 PUFAs deficiency from the first day of gestation leads to the development of a pro-inflammatory condition in the central nervous system that may contribute to neurodevelopmental alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Madore
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Delpech
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Sere
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Aubert
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Céline Portal
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Martini AC, Forner S, Bento AF, Rae GA. Neuroprotective effects of lipoxin A4 in central nervous system pathologies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:316204. [PMID: 25276776 PMCID: PMC4174961 DOI: 10.1155/2014/316204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many diseases of the central nervous system are characterized and sometimes worsened by an intense inflammatory response in the affected tissue. It is now accepted that resolution of inflammation is an active process mediated by a group of mediators that can act in synchrony to switch the phenotype of cells, from a proinflammatory one to another that favors the return to homeostasis. This new genus of proresolving mediators includes resolvins, protectins, maresins, and lipoxins, the first to be discovered. In this short review we provide an overview of current knowledge into the cellular and molecular interactions of lipoxins in diseases of the central nervous system in which they appear to facilitate the resolution of inflammation, thus exerting a neuroprotective action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cadete Martini
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Stefânia Forner
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Allisson Freire Bento
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-Clínicos (CIEnP), Av. Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302-Canasvieiras, 88056-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Giles Alexander Rae
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário, Trindade, 88049-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|