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Loudon JE, Grobler JP, Sponheimer M, Moyer K, Lorenz JG, Turner TR. Using the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) to examine questions in ethnoprimatology. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100758. [PMID: 25010211 PMCID: PMC4091945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study seeks to understand how humans impact the dietary patterns of eight free-ranging vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) groups in South Africa using stable isotope analysis. Vervets are omnivores that exploit a wide range of habitats including those that have been anthropogenically-disturbed. As humans encroach upon nonhuman primate landscapes, human-nonhuman primate interconnections become increasingly common, which has led to the rise of the field of ethnoprimatology. To date, many ethnoprimatological studies have examined human-nonhuman primate associations largely in qualitative terms. By using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis, we use quantitative data to understand the degree to which humans impact vervet monkey dietary patterns. Based on initial behavioral observations we placed the eight groups into three categories of anthropogenic disturbance (low, mid, and high). Using δ13C and δ15N values we estimated the degree to which each group and each anthropogenically-disturbed category was consuming C4 plants (primarily sugar cane, corn, or processed foods incorporating these crops). δ13C values were significantly different between groups and categories of anthropogenic-disturbance. δ15N values were significantly different at the group level. The two vervet groups with the highest consumption of C4 plants inhabited small nature reserves, appeared to interact with humans only sporadically, and were initially placed in the mid level of anthropogenic-disturbance. However, further behavioral observations revealed that the high δ13C values exhibited by these groups were linked to previously unseen raiding of C4 crops. By revealing these cryptic feeding patterns, this study illustrates the utility of stable isotopes analysis for some ethnoprimatological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Loudon
- Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - J. Paul Grobler
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Matt Sponheimer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Moyer
- University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joseph G. Lorenz
- Department of Anthropology, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Trudy R. Turner
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconisn, United States of America
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102
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Scorrano G, Brilli M, Martínez-Labarga C, Giustini F, Pacciani E, Chilleri F, Scaldaferri F, Gasbarrini A, Gasbarrini G, Rickards O. Palaeodiet reconstruction in a woman with probable celiac disease: a stable isotope analysis of bone remains from the archaeological site of Cosa (Italy). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 154:349-56. [PMID: 24706415 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis in the reconstruction of human palaeodiets can yield clues to early human subsistence strategies, origins and history of farming and pastoralist societies, and intra- and intergroup social differentiation. In the last 10 years, the method has been extended to the pathological investigation. Stable isotope analysis to better understand a diet-related disease: celiac disease in ancient human bones was carried out. To do this, we analyzed the nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of human (n = 37) and faunal (n = 8) bone remains from the archaeological site of Cosa at Ansedonia, on the Tyrrhenian coast near Orbetello (Tuscany), including the skeletal remains of a young woman (late 1st century-early 2nd century Common Era [CE]) with morphological and genetic features suggestive of celiac disease. We compared the young woman's isotopic data with those of other individuals recovered at the same site but from two later time periods (6th century CE; 11-12th century CE) and with literature data from other Italian archaeological sites dating to the same period. Her collagen δ(13) C and δ(15) N values differed from those of the samples at the same site, and from most but not all of the contemporary sites. Although the woman's diet appears distinct, chronic malnutrition resulting from severe malabsorption of essential nutrients due to celiac disease may have affected the isotopic composition of her bone collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Scorrano
- Centro di Antropologia Molecolare per lo studio del DNA antico, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata" Via della Ricerca scientifica, n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italia
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103
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Dufour E, Goepfert N, Gutiérrez Léon B, Chauchat C, Franco Jordán R, Sánchez SV. Pastoralism in northern Peru during pre-Hispanic times: insights from the Mochica Period (100-800 AD) based on stable isotopic analysis of domestic camelids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87559. [PMID: 24498136 PMCID: PMC3909195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) are the only large domesticated animals indigenous to the Americas. Pastoralism occupies a fundamental economic, social and religious role in Andean life. Today, camelid livestock are confined to the ecozone of the puna (above 3,500 masl), while their presence on the Pacific coast during pre-Hispanic times is attested by archaeological skeletal remains. This study aims to document herding practices on the northern Peruvian coast during the Early Intermediate Period (200 BC-600 AD) by gaining insights into diet, location of breeding and mobility of archaeological camelids from the funerary and ritual contexts of two Mochica sites, Uhle Platform in Huacas de Moche and El Brujo. The three first early years and the long-term life histories of the animals were documented by the combined bulk analysis of bone collagen (δ13Ccol and δ15Ncol) and bone structural carbonate (δ13Cbone and δ18Obone) and the serial analysis of structural carbonate of molar tooth enamel (δ13Cenamel and δ18Oenamel). Mochica camelids were bred in the low and/or middle valleys, unlike their modern counterparts, who are restricted to highland puna C3 pastures. Archaeological camelids had diverse and complex life histories, usually with substantial maize foddering. An ontogenetic switch in diet and possible residential mobility during the course of life were identified for some specimens. Although the inference of geographic origin from δ18Obone and δ18Oenamel values was limited because of the lack of understanding of the influence of environmental and biological factors, tooth enamel analysis has great potential for exploring camelid herding practices and Andean pastoralism. Our study suggested that Mochica herders adapted their practices to the difficult lowland environment and that herding practices were varied and not restricted to breeding at higher altitudes. The role of maize in different aspects of the economic life of the Mochicas is also underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dufour
- Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle-CNRS, UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements, Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicolas Goepfert
- CNRS-Paris 1, UMR 8096 Archéologie des Amériques, Nanterre, France
| | | | - Claude Chauchat
- CNRS-Paris 1, UMR 8096 Archéologie des Amériques, Nanterre, France
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104
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Olsen KC, White CD, Longstaffe FJ, von Heyking K, McGlynn G, Grupe G, Rühli FJ. Intraskeletal isotopic compositions (δ(13) C, δ(15) N) of bone collagen: nonpathological and pathological variation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 153:598-604. [PMID: 24374993 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Paleodiet research traditionally interprets differences in collagen isotopic compositions (δ(13) C, δ(15) N) as indicators of dietary distinction even though physiological processes likely play some role in creating variation. This research investigates the degree to which bone collagen δ(13) C and δ(15) N values normally vary within the skeleton and examines the influence of several diseases common to ancient populations on these isotopic compositions. The samples derive from two medieval German cemeteries and one Swiss reference collection and include examples of metabolic disease (rickets/osteomalacia), degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis), trauma (fracture), infection (osteomyelitis), and inflammation (periostitis). A separate subset of visibly nonpathological skeletal elements from the German collections established normal intraindividual variation. For each disease type, tests compared bone lesion samples to those near and distant to the lesions sites. Results show that normal (nonpathological) skeletons exhibit limited intraskeletal variation in carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios, suggesting that sampling of distinct elements is appropriate for paleodiet studies. In contrast, individuals with osteomyelitis, healed fractures, and osteoarthritis exhibit significant intraskeletal differences in isotope values, depending on whether one is comparing lesions to near or to distant sites. Skeletons with periostitis result in significant intraskeletal differences in nitrogen isotope values only, while those with rickets/osteomalacia do not exhibit significant intraskeletal differences. Based on these results, we suggest that paleodiet researchers avoid sampling collagen at or close to lesion sites because the isotope values may be reflecting both altered metabolic processes and differences in diet relative to others in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn C Olsen
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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105
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Tsutaya T, Nagaoka T, Sawada J, Hirata K, Yoneda M. Stable isotopic reconstructions of adult diets and infant feeding practices during urbanization of the city of Edo in 17th century Japan. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 153:559-69. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Tsutaya
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan
| | - Tomohito Nagaoka
- Department of Anatomy; St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae; Kawasaki Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Junmei Sawada
- Department of Anatomy; St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae; Kawasaki Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Hirata
- Department of Anatomy; St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae; Kawasaki Kanagawa 216-8511 Japan
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba 277-8562 Japan
- The University Museum; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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106
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Reitsema LJ. Beyond diet reconstruction: stable isotope applications to human physiology, health, and nutrition. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 25:445-56. [PMID: 23784719 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from soft or mineralized tissues is a direct and widely-used technique for modeling diets. In addition to its continued role in paleodiet analysis, stable isotope analysis is now contributing to studies of physiology, disease, and nutrition in archaeological and living human populations. In humans and other animals, dietary uptake and distribution of carbon and nitrogen among mineralized and soft tissue is carried out with varying efficiency due to factors of internal biology. Human pathophysiologies may lead to pathology-influenced isotopic fractionation that can be exploited to understand not just skeletal health and diet, but physiological health and nutrition. This study reviews examples from human biology, non-human animal ecology, biomedicine, and bioarchaeology demonstrating how stable isotope analyses are usefully applied to the study of physiological adaptation and adaptability. Suggestions are made for future directions in applying stable isotope analysis to the study of nutritional stress, disease, and growth and development in living and past human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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107
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Gragnani JG, Garavello MEPE, Silva RJ, Nardoto GB, Martinelli LA. Can stable isotope analysis reveal dietary differences among groups with distinct income levels in the city of Piracicaba (southeast region, Brazil)? J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 27:270-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Gragnani
- CENA; Universidade de São Paulo; Campus de Piraciaba; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | | | - R. J. Silva
- ESALQ; Universidade de São Paulo; Campus de Piracicaba; Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - G. B. Nardoto
- Universidade de Brasília; Campus de Planaltina; Brasília DF Brazil
| | - L. A. Martinelli
- CENA; Universidade de São Paulo; Campus de Piraciaba; Piracicaba SP Brazil
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108
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Huelsemann F, Koehler K, Braun H, Schaenzer W, Flenker U. Human dietary δ15N intake: Representative data for principle food items. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 152:58-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. Schaenzer
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
| | - U. Flenker
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
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109
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Reitsema LJ. Beyond diet reconstruction: Stable isotope applications to human physiology, health, and nutrition. Am J Hum Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aajhb.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J. Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology; University of Georgia; Athens; Georgia; 30602
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110
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Salesse K, Dufour É, Castex D, Velemínský P, Santos F, Kuchařová H, Jun L, Brůžek J. Life history of the individuals buried in the St. Benedict Cemetery (Prague, 15th-18th Centuries): Insights from14C dating and stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O) analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:202-14. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Salesse
- Laboratoire PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux; 33400 Talence,; France
| | - Élise Dufour
- Laboratoire Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements; UMR 7209, CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; 75005; Paris; France
| | - Dominique Castex
- Laboratoire PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux; 33400 Talence,; France
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology; National Museum; 11579; Prague 1; Czech Republic
| | - Frédéric Santos
- Laboratoire PACEA - De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, UMR 5199, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux; 33400 Talence,; France
| | - Hedvika Kuchařová
- Library of Royal Canonry of Premonstratensians at Strahov; 11800; Praha 1; Czech Republic
| | - Libor Jun
- National Museum Archive; 170 00; Prague 7; Czech Republic
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111
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Neuberger FM, Jopp E, Graw M, Püschel K, Grupe G. Signs of malnutrition and starvation—Reconstruction of nutritional life histories by serial isotopic analyses of hair. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 226:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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112
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Sandberg PA, Loudon JE, Sponheimer M. Stable isotope analysis in primatology: a critical review. Am J Primatol 2013; 74:969-89. [PMID: 23015270 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis has become an important tool in ecology over the last 25 years. A wealth of ecological information is stored in animal tissues in the relative abundances of the stable isotopes of several elements, particularly carbon and nitrogen, because these isotopes navigate through ecological processes in predictable ways. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes have been measured in most primate taxonomic groups and have yielded information about dietary content, dietary variability, and habitat use. Stable isotopes have recently proven useful for addressing more fine-grained questions about niche dynamics and anthropogenic effects on feeding ecology. Here, we discuss stable carbon and nitrogen isotope systematics and critically review the published stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data for modern primates with a focus on the problems and prospects for future stable isotope applications in primatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Sandberg
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309-0233, USA.
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113
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Beaumont J, Geber J, Powers N, Wilson A, Lee-Thorp J, Montgomery J. Victims and survivors: Stable isotopes used to identify migrants from the Great Irish Famine to 19th century London. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 150:87-98. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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114
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O'Connell TC, Kneale CJ, Tasevska N, Kuhnle GGC. The diet-body offset in human nitrogen isotopic values: a controlled dietary study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:426-34. [PMID: 23042579 PMCID: PMC3483624 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The "trophic level enrichment" between diet and body results in an overall increase in nitrogen isotopic values as the food chain is ascended. Quantifying the diet-body Δ(15) N spacing has proved difficult, particularly for humans. The value is usually assumed to be +3-5‰ in the archaeological literature. We report here the first (to our knowledge) data from humans on isotopically known diets, comparing dietary intake and a body tissue sample, that of red blood cells. Samples were taken from 11 subjects on controlled diets for a 30-day period, where the controlled diets were designed to match each individual's habitual diet, thus reducing problems with short-term changes in diet causing isotopic changes in the body pool. The Δ(15) N(diet-RBC) was measured as +3.5‰. Using measured offsets from other studies, we estimate the human Δ(15) N(diet-keratin) as +5.0-5.3‰, which is in good agreement with values derived from the two other studies using individual diet records. We also estimate a value for Δ(15) N(diet-collagen) of ≈6‰, again in combination with measured offsets from other studies. This value is larger than usually assumed in palaeodietary studies, which suggests that the proportion of animal protein in prehistoric human diet may have often been overestimated in isotopic studies of palaeodiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C O'Connell
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, UK.
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115
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Howcroft R, Eriksson G, Lidén K. Conformity in diversity? Isotopic investigations of infant feeding practices in two iron age populations from Southern Öland, Sweden. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 149:217-30. [PMID: 22826010 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the results of a study of infant diet at two Iron Age sites on the island of Öland, Sweden. The cemetery at Bjärby contained a large number of subadults who had survived the earliest years of life, whereas most individuals at Triberga had died by 6 months of age. To investigate whether differences in infant feeding could explain the different mortality rates, the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope ratios of bone and tooth dentin collagen from the two sites were analyzed. Twenty-two samples from Triberga and 102 from Bjärby yielded data that could be included in the carbon and nitrogen analysis. Twelve samples from Triberga and 42 from Bjärby were included in the sulfur analysis. The results for carbon (δ(13) C: Triberga X = -18.8, s.d. = 1.1; Bjärby X = -19.8, s.d. = 0.4), nitrogen (δ(15) N: Triberga X = 12.9, s.d. = 1.5; Bjärby X = 13.4, s.d. = 1.4), and sulfur (δ(34) S: Triberga X = 8.1, s.d. = 1.1; Bjärby X = 5.8, s.d. = 1.3) suggest that diet was broadly similar at both sites and based on terrestrial resources. At Bjärby, females and high-status individuals consumed higher-trophic level protein than other males from early childhood onward. There was some indication that the contribution of marine resources to the diet may also have differed between the sexes at Triberga. No consistent differences in breast milk intake were observed between the two sites, but there was substantial variation at each. This variation may reflect an influence of gender and social status on infant feeding decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Howcroft
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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116
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Graves GR, Newsome SD, Willard DE, Grosshuesch DA, Wurzel WW, Fogel ML. Nutritional stress and body condition in the Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) during winter irruptive migrations. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The largest irruptive migration of the Great Gray Owl ( Strix nebulosa Forster, 1772) recorded since 1831 occurred in Minnesota, USA, during the winter of 2004–2005. We tested the hypothesis that morphometric indicators of nutritional stress covary with stable isotope signatures in a sample of 265 owls killed by vehicle collisions. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen in muscle (C/Nmuscle) was shown to be a reliable proxy of nutritional stress. δ13C values for liver and muscle were significantly higher in owls in poor condition, reflecting the depletion of lipid reserves in fasting individuals. On the other hand, δ15N values for liver and muscle were marginally lower or unchanged in owls in poor condition. Stomachs of emaciated owls were less likely to contain prey, implying that many nutritionally stressed individuals were too weak to hunt and were near the tipping point of irreversible fasts. In a broader context, sexual differences in the correlative relationships between stable isotope signatures, C/N, and body condition suggest that the consequences of reversed sexual size dimorphism extend to physiological processes during the nonbreeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R. Graves
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Seth D. Newsome
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, USA; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Department 3166, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - David E. Willard
- Zoology Department, Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
| | | | - William W. Wurzel
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, USA; State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Marilyn L. Fogel
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road Northwest, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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117
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Lightfoot E, Slaus M, O'Connell TC. Changing cultures, changing cuisines: Cultural transitions and dietary change in Iron Age, Roman, and Early Medieval Croatia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 148:543-56. [PMID: 22552855 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Food is well-known to encode social and cultural values, for example different social groups use different consumption patterns to act as social boundaries. When societies and cultures change, whether through drift, through population replacement or other factors, diet may also alter despite unchanging resource availability within a region. This study investigates the extent to which dietary change coincides with cultural change, to understand the effects of large-scale migrations on the populations' diets. Through stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of Iron Age, Roman, and Early Medieval human bone collagen, we show that in Croatia large-scale cultural change led to significant changes in diet. The isotopic evidence indicates that Iron Age diet consisted of C(3) foodstuffs with no isotopic evidence for the consumption of C(4) or marine resources. With the Roman conquest, marine resources were added to the diet, although C(3) foodstuffs continued to play an important role. In the Early Medieval period, this marine component was lost and varying amounts of C(4) foodstuffs, probably millet, were added to the otherwise C(3) diet. In both of these transitions it is likely that the changes in diet are related to the arrival of a new people into the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lightfoot
- McDonald Institute for Archeological Research, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Valenzuela LO, Chesson LA, Bowen GJ, Cerling TE, Ehleringer JR. Dietary heterogeneity among Western industrialized countries reflected in the stable isotope ratios of human hair. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34234. [PMID: 22479574 PMCID: PMC3316624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the globalization of food production is often assumed to result in a homogenization of consumption patterns with a convergence towards a Western style diet, the resources used to make global food products may still be locally produced (glocalization). Stable isotope ratios of human hair can quantify the extent to which residents of industrialized nations have converged on a standardized diet or whether there is persistent heterogeneity and glocalization among countries as a result of different dietary patterns and the use of local food products. Here we report isotopic differences among carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope ratios of human hair collected in thirteen Western European countries and in the USA. European hair samples had significantly lower δ(13)C values (-22.7 to -18.3‰), and significantly higher δ(15)N (7.8 to 10.3‰) and δ(34)S (4.8 to 8.3‰) values than samples from the USA (δ(13)C: -21.9 to -15.0‰, δ(15)N: 6.7 to 9.9‰, δ(34)S: -1.2 to 9.9‰). Within Europe, we detected differences in hair δ(13)C and δ(34)S values among countries and covariation of isotope ratios with latitude and longitude. This geographic structuring of isotopic data suggests heterogeneity in the food resources used by citizens of industrialized nations and supports the presence of different dietary patterns within Western Europe despite globalization trends. Here we showed the potential of stable isotope analysis as a population-wide tool for dietary screening, particularly as a complement of dietary surveys, that can provide additional information on assimilated macronutrients and independent verification of data obtained by those self-reporting instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano O Valenzuela
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
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119
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Deschner T, Fuller BT, Oelze VM, Boesch C, Hublin JJ, Mundry R, Richards MP, Ortmann S, Hohmann G. Identification of energy consumption and nutritional stress by isotopic and elemental analysis of urine in bonobos (Pan paniscus). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:69-77. [PMID: 22215580 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A mounting body of evidence suggests that changes in energetic conditions like prolonged starvation can be monitored using stable isotope ratios of tissues such as bone, muscle, hair, and blood. However, it is unclear if urinary stable isotope ratios reflect a variation in energetic condition, especially if these changes in energetic condition are accompanied by shifts in dietary composition. In a feeding experiment conducted on captive bonobos (Pan paniscus), we monitored urinary δ(13)C, δ(15)N, total C (carbon), total N (nitrogen), and C/N ratios and compared these results with glucocorticoid levels under gradually changing energy availability and dietary composition. Measurements of daily collected urine samples over a period of 31 days showed that while shifts in urinary isotope signatures of δ(13)C and δ(15)N as well as total C were best explained by changes in energy consumption, urinary total N excretion as well as the C/N ratios matched the variation in dietary composition. Furthermore, when correcting for fluctuations in dietary composition, the isotope signatures of δ(13)C and δ(15)N as well as total C correlated with urinary glucocorticoid levels; however, the urinary total N and the C/N ratio did not. These results indicate for the first time that it is possible to non-invasively explore specific longitudinal records on animal energetic conditions and dietary compositions with urinary stable isotope ratios and elemental compositions, and this research provides a strong foundation for investigating how ecological factors and social dynamics affect feeding habits in wild animal populations such as primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deschner
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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120
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Poupin N, Bos C, Mariotti F, Huneau JF, Tomé D, Fouillet H. The nature of the dietary protein impacts the tissue-to-diet 15N discrimination factors in laboratory rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28046. [PMID: 22132207 PMCID: PMC3222673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the existence of isotope effects on some metabolic pathways of amino acid and protein metabolism, animal tissues are 15N-enriched relative to their dietary nitrogen sources and this 15N enrichment varies among different tissues and metabolic pools. The magnitude of the tissue-to-diet discrimination (Δ15N) has also been shown to depend on dietary factors. Since dietary protein sources affect amino acid and protein metabolism, we hypothesized that they would impact this discrimination factor, with selective effects at the tissue level. To test this hypothesis, we investigated in rats the influence of a milk or soy protein-based diet on Δ15N in various nitrogen fractions (urea, protein and non-protein fractions) of blood and tissues, focusing on visceral tissues. Regardless of the diet, the different protein fractions of blood and tissues were generally 15N-enriched relative to their non-protein fraction and to the diet (Δ15N>0), with large variations in the Δ15N between tissue proteins. Δ15N values were markedly lower in tissue proteins of rats fed milk proteins compared to those fed soy proteins, in all sampled tissues except in the intestine, and the amplitude of Δ15N differences between diets differed between tissues. Both between-tissue and between-diet Δ15N differences are probably related to modulations of the relative orientation of dietary and endogenous amino acids in the different metabolic pathways. More specifically, the smaller Δ15N values observed in tissue proteins with milk than soy dietary protein may be due to a slightly more direct channeling of dietary amino acids for tissue protein renewal and to a lower recycling of amino acids through fractionating pathways. In conclusion, the present data indicate that natural Δ15N of tissue are sensitive markers of the specific subtle regional modifications of the protein and amino acid metabolism induced by the protein dietary source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Poupin
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Bos
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - François Mariotti
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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121
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Waters-Rist AL, Bazaliiskii VI, Weber AW, Katzenberg MA. Infant and child diet in Neolithic hunter-fisher-gatherers from cis-baikal, Siberia: Intra-long bone stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:225-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lehn C, Mützel E, Rossmann A. Multi-element stable isotope analysis of H, C, N and S in hair and nails of contemporary human remains. Int J Legal Med 2011; 125:695-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-011-0595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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123
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Moran JJ, Newburn MK, Alexander ML, Sams RL, Kelly JF, Kreuzer HW. Laser ablation isotope ratio mass spectrometry for enhanced sensitivity and spatial resolution in stable isotope analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1282-90. [PMID: 21488126 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis permits the tracking of physical, chemical, and biological reactions and source materials at a wide variety of spatial scales. We present a laser ablation isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LA-IRMS) method that enables δ(13)C measurement of solid samples at 50 µm spatial resolution. The method does not require sample pre-treatment to physically separate spatial zones. We use laser ablation of solid samples followed by quantitative combustion of the ablated particulates to convert sample carbon into CO(2). Cryofocusing of the resulting CO(2) coupled with modulation in the carrier flow rate permits coherent peak introduction into an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, with only 65 ng carbon required per measurement. We conclusively demonstrate that the measured CO(2) is produced by combustion of laser-ablated aerosols from the sample surface. We measured δ(13)C for a series of solid compounds using laser ablation and traditional solid sample analysis techniques. Both techniques produced consistent isotopic results but the laser ablation method required over two orders of magnitude less sample. We demonstrated that LA-IRMS sensitivity coupled with its 50 µm spatial resolution could be used to measure δ(13) C values along a length of hair, making multiple sample measurements over distances corresponding to a single day's growth. This method will be highly valuable in cases where the δ(13)C analysis of small samples over prescribed spatial distances is required. Suitable applications include forensic analysis of hair samples, investigations of tightly woven microbial systems, and cases of surface analysis where there is a sharp delineation between different components of a sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Moran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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124
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Williams L, White C, Longstaffe F. Improving stable isotopic interpretations made from human hair through reduction of growth cycle error. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 145:125-36. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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125
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Petzke KJ, Fuller BT, Metges CC. Advances in natural stable isotope ratio analysis of human hair to determine nutritional and metabolic status. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13:532-40. [PMID: 20625284 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32833c3c84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the literature on the use of stable isotope ratios at natural abundance to reveal information about dietary habits and specific nutrient intakes in human hair protein (keratin) and amino acids. In particular, we examine whether hair isotopic compositions can be used as unbiased biomarkers to provide information about nutritional status, metabolism, and diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Although the majority of research on the stable isotope ratio analysis of hair has focused on bulk protein, methods have been recently employed to examine amino acid-specific isotope ratios using gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The isotopic measurement of amino acids has the potential to answer research questions on amino acid nutrition, metabolism, and disease processes and can contribute to a better understanding of the variations in bulk protein isotope ratio values. First results suggest that stable isotope ratios are promising as unbiased nutritional biomarkers in epidemiological research. However, variations in stable isotope ratios of human hair are also influenced by nutrition-dependent nitrogen balance, and more controlled clinical research is needed to examine these effects in human hair. SUMMARY Stable isotope ratio analysis at natural abundance in human hair protein offers a noninvasive method to reveal information about long-term nutritional exposure to specific nutrients, nutritional habits, and in the diagnostics of diseases leading to nutritional stress and impaired nitrogen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Petzke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.
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126
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Newsome SD, Bentall GB, Tinker MT, Oftedal OT, Ralls K, Estes JA, Fogel ML. Variation in delta13C and delta15N diet-vibrissae trophic discrimination factors in a wild population of California sea otters. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2010; 20:1744-1752. [PMID: 20945772 DOI: 10.1890/09-1502.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to quantify dietary inputs using stable isotope data depends on accurate estimates of isotopic differences between a consumer (c) and its diet (d), commonly referred to as trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) and denoted by delta(c-d). At present, TDFs are available for only a few mammals and are usually derived in captive settings. The magnitude of TDFs and the degree to which they vary in wild populations is unknown. We determined delta13C and delta15N TDFs for vibrissae (i.e., whiskers), a tissue that is rapidly becoming an informative isotopic substrate for ecologists, of a wild population of sea otters for which individual diet has been quantified through extensive observational study. This is one of the very few studies that report TDFs for free-living wild animals feeding on natural diets. Trophic discrimination factors of 2.2 per thousand +/- 0.7 per thousand for delta13C and 3.5 per thousand +/- 0.6 per thousand for delta15N (mean +/- SD) were similar to those reported for captive carnivores, and variation in individual delta13C TDFs was negatively but significantly related to sea urchin consumption. This pattern may relate to the lipid-rich diet consumed by most sea otters in this population and suggests that it may not be appropriate to lipid-extract prey samples when using the isotopic composition of keratinaceous tissues to examine diet in consumers that frequently consume lipid-rich foods, such as many marine mammals and seabirds. We suggest that inherent variation in TDFs should be included in isotopically based estimates of trophic level, food chain length, and mixing models used to quantify dietary inputs in wild populations; this practice will further define the capabilities and limitations of isotopic approaches in ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Newsome
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA.
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127
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Thompson AH, Chesson LA, Podlesak DW, Bowen GJ, Cerling TE, Ehleringer JR. Stable isotope analysis of modern human hair collected from Asia (China, India, Mongolia, and Pakistan). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 141:440-51. [PMID: 19918992 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report isotopic data (delta(2)H, delta(18)O n = 196; delta(13)C, delta(15)N n = 142; delta(34)S n = 85) from human hair and drinking water (delta(2)H, delta(18)O n = 67) collected across China, India, Mongolia, and Pakistan. Hair isotope ratios reflected the large environmental isotopic gradients and dietary differences. Geographic information was recorded in H and O and to a lesser extent, S isotopes. H and O data were entered into a recently developed model describing the relationship between the H and O isotope composition of human hair and drinking water in modern USA and pre-globalized populations. This has anthropological and forensic applications including reconstructing environment and diet in modern and ancient human hair. However, it has not been applied to a modern population outside of the USA, where we expect different diet. Relationships between H and O isotope ratios in drinking water and hair of modern human populations in Asia were different to both modern USA and pre-globalized populations. However, the Asian dataset was closer to the modern USA than to pre-globalized populations. Model parameters suggested slightly higher consumption of locally produced foods in our sampled population than modern USA residents, but lower than pre-globalized populations. The degree of in vivo amino acid synthesis was comparable to both the modern USA and pre-globalized populations. C isotope ratios reflected the predominantly C(3)-based regional agriculture and C(4) consumption in northern China. C, N, and S isotope ratios supported marine food consumption in some coastal locales. N isotope ratios suggested a relatively low consumption of animal-derived products compared to western populations.
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128
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Sponheimer M, Codron D, Passey BH, de Ruiter DJ, Cerling TE, Lee-Thorp JA. Using carbon isotopes to track dietary change in modern, historical, and ancient primates. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 140:661-70. [PMID: 19890855 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis can be used to document dietary changes within the lifetimes of individuals and may prove useful for investigating fallback food consumption in modern, historical, and ancient primates. Feces, hair, and enamel are all suitable materials for such analysis, and each has its own benefits and limitations. Feces provide highly resolved temporal dietary data, but are generally limited to providing dietary information about modern individuals and require labor-intensive sample collection and analysis. Hair provides less well-resolved data, but has the advantage that one or a few hair strands can provide evidence of dietary change over months or years. Hair is also available in museum collections, making it possible to investigate the diets of historical specimens. Enamel provides the poorest temporal resolution of these materials, but is often preserved for millions of years, allowing examination of dietary change in deep time. We briefly discuss the use of carbon isotope data as it pertains to recent thinking about fallback food consumption in ancient hominins and suggest that we may need to rethink the functional significance of the australopith masticatory package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Sponheimer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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129
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Mekota AM, Grupe G, Ufer S, Cuntz U. Identifying starvation episodes using stable isotopes in hair. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-009-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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130
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Huelsemann F, Flenker U, Koehler K, Schaenzer W. Effect of a controlled dietary change on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of human hair. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2448-2454. [PMID: 19603471 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The carbon ((13)C/(12)C) and nitrogen ((15)N/(14)N) stable isotope ratios of human hair can be used for the interpretation of dietary habits and nutritional status in contemporary or past populations. Although the results of bulk or segmental isotope ratio analysis of human hair have been used for the reconstruction of an individual's diet for years, only limited data of controlled dietary changes on the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of human hair are available. Hair of four individuals, two males and two females, who participated in a dietary change experiment for 28 days was segmentally analysed for delta(13)C and delta(15)N. The dietary change included a change from C3 to C4 plant enriched diets and a simultaneous replacement of terrestrial animal products by marine products. This resulted in an increase in delta(13)C(diet) of +8.5 to +9.9 per thousand and in delta(15)N(diet) of +1.5 to +2.2 per thousand. All subjects showed significant increases in delta(13)C(hair) and delta(15)N(hair) during the dietary change period, although no subject reached a new steady state for either carbon or nitrogen. The change in delta(15)N(hair) was faster than the change in delta(13)C(hair) for all individuals. The magnitude of change of the isotopic composition during the dietary change period could be attributed to the degree of physical activity of the individuals, with a higher physical activity resulting in a faster change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Huelsemann
- German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Koeln, Germany.
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131
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Petzke KJ, Lemke S. Hair protein and amino acid 13C and 15N abundances take more than 4 weeks to clearly prove influences of animal protein intake in young women with a habitual daily protein consumption of more than 1 g per kg body weight. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2411-2420. [PMID: 19603474 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A high protein or meat intake might be a risk factor for metabolic disorders. Stable isotopic abundances (SIA) of hair can be used as biomarkers for animal protein intake due to characteristic isotopic patterns of food proteins. We investigated if an additional meat intake (M, 200 g pork fillet/day) or an omission of meat and meat products (NOM) can influence the natural (15)N and (13)C SIA within 4 weeks in hair and plasma of young women. The daily protein intake (means +/- SD) was 1.40 +/- 0.29, 2.25 +/- 0.35, and 1.15 +/- 0.26 g/kg at baseline, during M, and during NOM, respectively. At baseline the animal protein intake correlated with bulk SIA of hair ((15)N: R(2) = 0.416; (13)C: R(2) = 0.664; n = 14). However, isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analyses have not shown that hair and plasma SIA were changed significantly after M or NOM. Possible reasons were discussed. Urinary SIA were significantly lower after M than after NOM ((15)N: p = 0.039; (13)C: p = 0.006) and close to those of pork fillet. Characteristic patterns of SIA were measured in individual amino acids (AA) by gas chromatography/combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). The results confirmed considerable differences in SIA between AA (delta(15)N, up to 22 per thousand; delta(13)C, up to 31 per thousand). Plots of (15)N versus (13)C abundances in hair revealed characteristic differences between indispensable and dispensable AA. The intervention-dependent changes of AA-specific SIA were not as clear as expected. Although the AA-specific SIA may reveal more detailed characteristics of physiological conditions, further methodological research is required. We suggest that the SIA of leucine can be potential markers of protein intake. The reliability of SIA as biomarkers of protein intake still have to be tested in longer lasting intervention studies in humans. The results may have implications in the assessment for possible benefits and risks of protein consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Petzke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Jørkov MLS, Heinemeier J, Lynnerup N. The petrous bone--a new sampling site for identifying early dietary patterns in stable isotopic studies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 138:199-209. [PMID: 18773469 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intraskeletal variation in the composition of carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) stable isotopes measured in collagen is tested from various human bones and dentine. Samples were taken from the femur, rib, and petrous part of the temporal bone from well-preserved skeletons of both adults (n = 34) and subadults (n = 24). Additional samples of dentine from the root of 1st molars were taken from 16 individuals. The skeletal material is from a medieval cemetery (AD 1200-1573) in Holbaek, Denmark. Our results indicate that the petrous bone has an isotopic signal that differs significantly from that of femur and rib within the single skeleton (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), with only minor variation seen between femur and rib. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the petrous bone and the 1st molar. The intraskeletal variation may reflect differences in turnover rate among skeletal elements. The inner periosteal layer of the petrous bone is formed in uterus and does not undergo any further remodelling after the age of 2 years, whereas the rib and femur have a continuous turnover rate of approximately 5 and 10-20 years, respectively. From the results of this study it is believed the petrous bone may be a new useful bone element and a supplement or a proxy for teeth in the analysis of early dietary patterns as it may reflect diet in fetal stages and early years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise S Jørkov
- Centre for Forensic Science, School of Conservation Sciences, University of Bournemouth, Dorset BH12 5BB, England, UK.
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133
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Hedges R, Rush E, Aalbersberg W. Correspondence between human diet, body composition and stable isotopic composition of hair and breath in Fijian villagers. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2009; 45:1-17. [PMID: 19191122 DOI: 10.1080/10256010802522010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this work was to describe the relationship between diet, and hair and breath isotopic composition. From one Fijian rural village, hair and breath samples were procured from 20 women. Physical anthropometrics were made, and hair (13)C/(12)C and (15)N/(14)N and breath (13)C/(12)C were measured. Individual diet diaries were kept for two of the four preceding weeks, and isotopic compositions of items which accounted for most of the diet were measured. Individual average diets were analysed for macronutrient and energy content and conform to reasonable nutritional expectation. Characteristics of the diet are described in terms of protein and energy, their patterning with respect to different clusters of food items and their relationship to individuals' anthropometry. Breath CO(2) is depleted in (13)C by 1-2 per thousand on average with respect to the total diet. Hair was enriched on average by 4.1 per thousand in nitrogen and 4.5 per thousand in carbon with respect to the total diet. There was insufficient population variation in hair isotopic composition to establish individual hair-diet isotopic differences. The definite relationship that we establish in this work, between dietary and tissue isotopic values for a human community, provides a basis for determining and validating dietary regimes more generally within non-industrial, non-global-'supermarket' economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hedges
- Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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134
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Hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in human hair are related to geography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:2788-93. [PMID: 18299562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712228105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop and test a model to predict the geographic region-of-origin of humans based on the stable isotope composition of their scalp hair. This model incorporates exchangeable and nonexchangeable hydrogen and oxygen atoms in amino acids to predict the delta(2)H and delta(18)O values of scalp hair (primarily keratin). We evaluated model predictions with stable isotope analyses of human hair from 65 cities across the United States. The model, which predicts hair isotopic composition as a function of drinking water, bulk diet, and dietary protein isotope ratios, explains >85% of the observed variation and reproduces the observed slopes relating the isotopic composition of hair samples to that of local drinking water. Based on the geographical distributions of the isotope ratios of tap waters and the assumption of a "continental supermarket" dietary input, we constructed maps of the expected average H and O isotope ratios in human hair across the contiguous 48 states. Applications of this model and these observations are extensive and include detection of dietary information, reconstruction of historic movements of individuals, and provision of region-of-origin information for unidentified human remains.
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135
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von Carnap-Bornheim C, Nosch ML, Grupe G, Mekota AM, Schweissing MM. Stable strontium isotopic ratios from archaeological organic remains from the Thorsberg peat bog. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1541-5. [PMID: 17410552 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stable strontium isotope ratios in archaeological finds have frequently been used to determine their place of origin, in order to reconstruct migration and trade. Peat bogs offer favourable burial conditions for the preservation of organic remains such as woollen textiles and leather by a natural tanning process. However, these finds are impregnated by peat substances including contaminant strontium which is likely to mask the original (87)Sr/(86)Sr isotopic ratio of the specimens. In this paper, we present a pilot study analysing stable strontium isotopic ratios from Iron Age textile and leather finds from the Thorsberg peat bog, focusing on a sample processing method which permits the quantitative removal of contaminating strontium from the specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus von Carnap-Bornheim
- Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen Schloss Gottorf, 24837 Schleswig, Germany
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1654-1665. [PMID: 17136768 DOI: 10.1002/jms.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Hatch KA, Crawford MA, Kunz AW, Thomsen SR, Eggett DL, Nelson ST, Roeder BL. An objective means of diagnosing anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa using 15N/14N and 13C/12C ratios in hair. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3367-73. [PMID: 17044129 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An objective means based on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of five hairs per individual is presented for distinguishing between individuals with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa from non-clinical individuals (i.e. clinically normal controls). Using discriminant analysis, an algorithm has been developed that provides both sensitivity and specificity of 80% in making diagnoses of individuals with these eating disorders. With further refinements, the results suggest that it may be also possible to distinguish between individuals with anorexia or bulimia. Finally, the study shows the value of conducting blind tests and using larger sample sizes of both control and treatment groups. Both groups are needed to validate the diagnostic value of a method and to provide measures of sensitivity and specificity of any diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent A Hatch
- Department of Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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