101
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Cheng P, Wang J, Waghmare I, Sartini S, Coviello V, Zhang Z, Kim SH, Mohyeldin A, Pavlyukov MS, Minata M, Valentim CLL, Chhipa RR, Bhat KPL, Dasgupta B, La Motta C, Kango-Singh M, Nakano I. FOXD1-ALDH1A3 Signaling Is a Determinant for the Self-Renewal and Tumorigenicity of Mesenchymal Glioma Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7219-7230. [PMID: 27569208 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) with tumor-initiating activity orchestrate the cellular hierarchy in glioblastoma and engender therapeutic resistance. Recent work has divided GSC into two subtypes with a mesenchymal (MES) GSC population as the more malignant subtype. In this study, we identify the FOXD1-ALDH1A3 signaling axis as a determinant of the MES GSC phenotype. The transcription factor FOXD1 is expressed predominantly in patient-derived cultures enriched with MES, but not with the proneural GSC subtype. shRNA-mediated attenuation of FOXD1 in MES GSC ablates their clonogenicity in vitro and in vivo Mechanistically, FOXD1 regulates the transcriptional activity of ALDH1A3, an established functional marker for MES GSC. Indeed, the functional roles of FOXD1 and ALDH1A3 are likely evolutionally conserved, insofar as RNAi-mediated attenuation of their orthologous genes in Drosophila blocks formation of brain tumors engineered in that species. In clinical specimens of high-grade glioma, the levels of expression of both FOXD1 and ALDH1A3 are inversely correlated with patient prognosis. Finally, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of ALDH we developed, termed GA11, displays potent in vivo efficacy when administered systemically in a murine GSC-derived xenograft model of glioblastoma. Collectively, our findings define a FOXD1-ALDH1A3 pathway in controling the clonogenic and tumorigenic potential of MES GSC in glioblastoma tumors. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7219-30. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | - Vito Coviello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ahmed Mohyeldin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marat S Pavlyukov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mutsuko Minata
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Claudia L L Valentim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rishi Raj Chhipa
- Department of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Krishna P L Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Biplab Dasgupta
- Department of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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102
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Brooks MD, Burness ML, Wicha MS. Therapeutic Implications of Cellular Heterogeneity and Plasticity in Breast Cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 17:260-71. [PMID: 26340526 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity represents one of the greatest challenges in cancer therapeutics. In many malignancies, this heterogeneity is generated during tumor evolution through a combination of genetic alterations and epigenetic events that recapitulate normal developmental processes including stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Many, if not most, tumors display similar hierarchal organization, at the apex of which are "stem-like cells" that drive tumor growth, mediate metastasis, and contribute to treatment resistance. Using breast cancer as a model, we discuss how an improved understanding of tumor cellular heterogeneity and plasticity may lead to development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Brooks
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Monika L Burness
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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103
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Liebler S, Grunert F, Thompson J, Wedel M, Schlosshauer B. Towards a biofunctionalized vascular prosthesis: immune cell trapping via a growth factor receptor. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2699-2709. [PMID: 27225726 DOI: 10.1002/term.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the clinical performance of vascular prostheses, which is inacceptably low for implants with small diameters (< 6 mm), biofunctionalization of synthetic implants by endothelialization has become a major, although still unreached, aim. In order to be able to recruit native endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to luminal implant surfaces from the blood stream, we generated monoclonal antibodies against the EPC-specific vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Employing the very efficient genetic immunization strategy, > 10 000 hybridoma clones were generated. Screening with various deletion mutants of VEGFR-2, 49 highly-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) covering all seven Ig domains of VEGFR-2 were selected. mAb 9H10 was characterized in detail. Once immobilized on synthetic surfaces, mAb 9H10 allowed, within min, nearly 100-fold enrichment of VEGFR-2-expressing cells under continuous flow conditions. Cell trapping was cell-type specific and essentially not affected by competing VEGFR-2-negative cells. To exclude that the antibody would adversely modify receptor responses, four different in vitro assays were employed. Cell proliferation, angiogenic tube formation, acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake and VEGFR-2 phosphorylation remained unaffected, suggesting that the antibody did not interfere with the receptor functioning of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. The molecular and cellular characteristics make the selected monoclonal antibody a very promising tool for the biofunctionalization of vascular implants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Liebler
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI), University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Miriam Wedel
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI), University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schlosshauer
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI), University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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104
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Ma J, Zhang Y, Tang K, Zhang H, Yin X, Li Y, Xu P, Sun Y, Ma R, Ji T, Chen J, Zhang S, Zhang T, Luo S, Jin Y, Luo X, Li C, Gong H, Long Z, Lu J, Hu Z, Cao X, Wang N, Yang X, Huang B. Reversing drug resistance of soft tumor-repopulating cells by tumor cell-derived chemotherapeutic microparticles. Cell Res 2016; 26:713-27. [PMID: 27167569 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel approaches to reverse the drug resistance of tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs) or stem cell-like cancer cells is an urgent clinical need to improve outcomes of cancer patients. Here we show an innovative approach that reverses drug resistance of TRCs using tumor cell-derived microparticles (T-MPs) containing anti-tumor drugs. TRCs, by virtue of being more deformable than differentiated cancer cells, preferentially take up T-MPs that release anti-tumor drugs after entering cells, which in turn lead to death of TRCs. The underlying mechanisms include interfering with drug efflux and promoting nuclear entry of the drugs. Our findings demonstrate the importance of tumor cell softness in uptake of T-MPs and effectiveness of a novel approach in reversing drug resistance of TRCs with promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ke Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaonan Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Pingwei Xu
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruihua Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tiantian Ji
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shunqun Luo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xiuli Luo
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Chengyin Li
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Hongwei Gong
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Zhixiong Long
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, China
| | - Jinzhi Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhuowei Hu
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Bo Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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105
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Wang JZ, Zhang YH, Guo XH, Zhang HY, Zhang Y. The double-edge role of B cells in mediating antitumor T-cell immunity: Pharmacological strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:73-85. [PMID: 27111515 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence reveals the controversial role of B cells in antitumor immunity, but the underlying mechanisms have to be explored. Three latest articles published in the issue 521 of Nature in 2015 reconfirmed the puzzling topic and put forward some explanations of how B cells regulate antitumor T-cell responses both positively and negatively. This paper attempts to demonstrate that different B-cell subpopulations have distinct immunological properties and that they are involved in either antitumor responses or immunosuppression. Recent studies supporting the positive and negative roles of B cells in tumor development were summarized comprehensively. Several specific B-cell subpopulations, such as IgG(+), IgA(+), IL-10(+), and regulatory B cells, were described in detail. The mechanisms underlying the controversial B-cell effects were mainly attributed to different B-cell subpopulations, different B-cell-derived cytokines, direct B cell-T cell interaction, different cancer categories, and different malignant stages, and the immunological interaction between B cells and T cells is mediated by dendritic cells. Promising B-cell-based antitumor strategies were proposed and novel B-cell regulators were summarized to present interesting therapeutic targets. Future investigations are needed to make sure that B-cell-based pharmacological strategies benefit cancer immunotherapy substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhang Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China.
| | - Yu-Hua Zhang
- Department of Library, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, PR China
| | - Xin-Hua Guo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, PR China
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106
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Bhatia A, Kumar Y. Cancer stem cells and tumor immunoediting: putting two and two together. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:605-7. [PMID: 26919116 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1159133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Bhatia
- a Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- b Department of Immunopathology , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
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107
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Kasimir-Bauer S, Bittner AK, König L, Reiter K, Keller T, Kimmig R, Hoffmann O. Does primary neoadjuvant systemic therapy eradicate minimal residual disease? Analysis of disseminated and circulating tumor cells before and after therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:20. [PMID: 26868521 PMCID: PMC4751719 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with breast cancer (BC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) may experience metastatic relapse despite achieving a pathologic complete response. We analyzed patients with BC before and after NACT for disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow(BM); comprehensively characterized circulating tumor cells (CTCs), including stem cell-like CTCs (slCTCs), in blood to prove the effectiveness of treatment on these cells; and correlated these findings with response to therapy, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). METHODS CTCs (n = 135) and slCTCs (n = 91) before and after NACT were analyzed using the AdnaTest BreastCancer, AdnaTest TumorStemCell, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (QIAGEN Hannover GmbH Germany). The expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and the resistance marker excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 1 (ERCC1), nuclease were studied in separate single-plex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments. DTCs were evaluated in 142 patients before and 165 patients after NACT using the pan-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3 for immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The positivity rates for DTCs, CTCs, and slCTCs were 27 %, 24 %, and 51 % before and 20 %, 8 %, and 20 % after NACT, respectively. Interestingly, 72 % of CTCs present after therapy were positive for ERCC1, and CTCs before (p = 0.005) and after NACT (p = 0.05) were significantly associated with the presence of slCTCs. Whereas no significant associations with clinical parameters were found for CTCs and slCTCs, DTCs were significantly associated with nodal status (p = 0.03) and histology (0.046) before NACT and with the immunohistochemical subtype (p = 0.02) after NACT. Univariable Cox regression analysis revealed that age (p = 0.0065), tumor size before NACT (p = 0.0473), nodal status after NACT (p = 0.0137), and response to NACT (p = 0.0136) were significantly correlated with PFS, whereas age (p = 0.0162) and nodal status after NACT (p = 0.0243) were significantly associated with OS. No significant correlations were found for DTCs or any CTCs before and after therapy with regard to PFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Although CTCs were eradicated more effectively than DTCs, CTCs detected after treatment seemed to be associated with tumor cells showing tumor stem cell characteristics as well as with resistant tumor cell populations that might indicate a worse outcome in the future. Thus, these patients might benefit from additional second-line treatment protocols including bisphosphonates for the eradication of DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Bittner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Lisa König
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Reiter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Keller
- ACOMED Statistik, Fockestrasse 57, D-04275, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122, Essen, Germany.
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108
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Dou J, Ni Y, He X, Wu D, Li M, Wu S, Zhang R, Guo M, Zhao F. Decreasing lncRNA HOTAIR expression inhibits human colorectal cancer stem cells. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:98-108. [PMID: 27069543 PMCID: PMC4759419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between aberrant long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and cancer stem cell (CSC) biology in cancer patients has been recently gaining attention. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the decreasing lncRNA HOTAIR expression would inhibit human colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells. CD133(+)CSCs were isolated from human CRC LoVo cell line by using a magnetic-activated cell sorting system, and were transfected with the expression vector-based small hairpin RNA targeting HOTAIR (shHOTAIR). The ability of cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, colony-forming, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated molecule expression as well as the tumorigenicity of CD133(+)-shHOTAIR were evaluated by the MTT, wound-healing, cellular invasion, colony formation and Western blot assays, respectively. This study found that, when compared with control cells in vitro, CD133(+)-shHOTAIR exhibited the decreased HOTAIR expression, suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, colony-forming, and inhibited the Vimentin expression with increased E-cadherin expression. In particular, the down-regulation of the HOTAIR expression in CD133(+)CSCs markedly attenuated the tumor growth and lung metastasis in xenograft nude mice. Taken together, this study found that down-regulating the HOTAIR expression in CD133(+)CSCs could serve as a potential anti-cancer regimen to inhibit the invasiveness and metastasis of CRC CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Yaoyao Ni
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226361, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Songyan Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengsu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
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109
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Doherty MR, Smigiel JM, Junk DJ, Jackson MW. Cancer Stem Cell Plasticity Drives Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8010008. [PMID: 26742077 PMCID: PMC4728455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The connection between epithelial-mesenchymal (E-M) plasticity and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties has been paradigm-shifting, linking tumor cell invasion and metastasis with therapeutic recurrence. However, despite their importance, the molecular pathways involved in generating invasive, metastatic, and therapy-resistant CSCs remain poorly understood. The enrichment of cells with a mesenchymal/CSC phenotype following therapy has been interpreted in two different ways. The original interpretation posited that therapy kills non-CSCs while sparing pre-existing CSCs. However, evidence is emerging that suggests non-CSCs can be induced into a transient, drug-tolerant, CSC-like state by chemotherapy. The ability to transition between distinct cell states may be as critical for the survival of tumor cells following therapy as it is for metastatic progression. Therefore, inhibition of the pathways that promote E-M and CSC plasticity may suppress tumor recurrence following chemotherapy. Here, we review the emerging appreciation for how plasticity confers therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Doherty
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jacob M Smigiel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Damian J Junk
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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110
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Tume L, Paco K, Ubidia-Incio R, Moya J. CD133 in breast cancer cells and in breast cancer stem cells as another target for immunotherapy. GACETA MEXICANA DE ONCOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gamo.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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111
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Talukdar S, Emdad L, Das S, Sarkar D, Fisher P. Evolving Strategies for Therapeutically Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 131:159-91. [PMID: 27451127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactor and multistep process that is affected intrinsically by the genetic and epigenetic makeup of tumor cells and extrinsically by the host microenvironment and immune system. A key component of cancer involves a unique subpopulation of highly malignant cancerous cells referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are positioned at the apex of the tumor hierarchy with an ability to both self-renew and also generate non-CSC/differentiated progeny, which contribute to the majority of the tumor mass. CSCs undergo functional changes and show plasticity that is stimulated by specific microenvironmental cues and interactions in the tumor niche, which contribute to the complexity and heterogeneity of the CSC population. The prognostic value of CSCs in the clinic is evident since there are many examples in which CSCs serve as markers for poor patient prognosis. CSCs are innately resistant to many standard therapies and they display anoikis resistance, immune evasion, tumor dormancy, and field cancerization, which may result in metastasis and relapse. Many academic laboratories and biotechnology companies are currently focusing on strategies that target CSCs. Combination therapies, epigenetic modifiers, stemness inhibitors, CSC surface marker-based therapies, and immunotherapy-based CSC-targeting drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials. Potential new targets/strategies in CSC-targeted therapy include MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP), Patched (PTCH), epigenetic targets, noncoding RNAs, and differentiation induction. Defining ways of targeting and destroying CSCs holds potential to impact significantly on cancer therapy, including prevention of metastasis and cancer recurrence.
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112
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Dragu DL, Necula LG, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC, Chivu-Economescu M. Therapies targeting cancer stem cells: Current trends and future challenges. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1185-1201. [PMID: 26516409 PMCID: PMC4620424 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i9.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapies against cancer, chemo- and radiotherapy, have multiple limitations that lead to treatment failure and cancer recurrence. These limitations are related to systemic and local toxicity, while treatment failure and cancer relapse are due to drug resistance and self-renewal, properties of a small population of tumor cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are involved in cancer initiation, maintenance, metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, in order to develop efficient treatments that can induce a long-lasting clinical response preventing tumor relapse it is important to develop drugs that can specifically target and eliminate CSCs. Recent identification of surface markers and understanding of molecular feature associated with CSC phenotype helped with the design of effective treatments. In this review we discuss targeting surface biomarkers, signaling pathways that regulate CSCs self-renewal and differentiation, drug-efflux pumps involved in apoptosis resistance, microenvironmental signals that sustain CSCs growth, manipulation of miRNA expression, and induction of CSCs apoptosis and differentiation, with specific aim to hamper CSCs regeneration and cancer relapse. Some of these agents are under evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies, most of them for using in combination with traditional therapies. The combined therapy using conventional anticancer drugs with CSCs-targeting agents, may offer a promising strategy for management and eradication of different types of cancers.
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Zhao F, He X, Sun J, Wu D, Pan M, Li M, Wu S, Zhang R, Yan C, Dou J. Cancer stem cell vaccine expressing ESAT-6-gpi and IL-21 inhibits melanoma growth and metastases. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:1870-1882. [PMID: 26692931 PMCID: PMC4656764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines may induce antitumor efficacy, however, weak immunogenicity of tumor antigens is one of the prime obstacles for excitation of the antitumor immune responses. Therefore, strategies that enhance immunogenicity of tumor vaccines are of particular interest. In this study, a novel melanoma B16F10 CD133(+)CD44(+) cancer stem cell (CSC) vaccine expressing 6 kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored form and secreting interleukin (IL)-21 was developed. Its anti-melanoma efficacy and mechanisms were investigated in mice. The results demonstrated that the B16F10-ESAT-6-gpi/IL-21 CD133(+)CD44(+) CSC vaccine exhibited enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy as determined by inhibited melanoma growth, prolonged survival of melanoma bearing mice. The anti-melanoma immunity was associated with elevated levels of serum anti-ESAT-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ as well as increased cytotoxic activities of natural killer cells, splenocytes, and complement dependent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, this CSC-based vaccine apparently inhibited melanoma lung metastasis by decreasing the level of Vimentin while increasing the level of E-cadherin expression, suggesting an inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition. Thus, the B16F10-ESAT-6-gpi/IL-21 CD133(+)CD44(+) CSC vaccine may be used to reactivate the anti-tumor immunity and for treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong 226361, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Songyan Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunguang Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Dou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing 210009, China
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114
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Shen S, Xia JX, Wang J. Nanomedicine-mediated cancer stem cell therapy. Biomaterials 2015; 74:1-18. [PMID: 26433488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence suggests that most tumours are heterogeneous and contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that exhibit distinctive self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capabilities, which are believed to play a crucial role in tumour progression, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis in multiple malignancies. Given that the existence of CSCs is a primary obstacle to cancer therapy, a tremendous amount of effort has been put into the development of anti-CSC strategies, and several potential approaches to kill therapeutically-resistant CSCs have been explored, including inhibiting ATP-binding cassette transporters, blocking essential signalling pathways involved in self-renewal and survival of CSCs, targeting CSCs surface markers and destroying the tumour microenvironment. Meanwhile, an increasing number of therapeutic agents (e.g. small molecule drugs, nucleic acids and antibodies) to selectively target CSCs have been screened or proposed in recent years. Drug delivery technology-based approaches hold great potential for tackling the limitations impeding clinical applications of CSC-specific agents, such as poor water solubility, short circulation time and inconsistent stability. Properly designed nanocarrier-based therapeutic agents (or nanomedicines) offer new possibilities of penetrating CSC niches and significantly increasing therapeutic drug accumulation in CSCs, which are difficult for free drug counterparts. In addition, intelligent nanomedicine holds great promise to overcome pump-mediated multidrug resistance which is driven by ATP and to decrease detrimental effects on normal somatic stem cells. In this review, we summarise the distinctive biological processes related to CSCs to highlight strategies against inherently drug-resistant CSCs. We then focus on some representative examples that give a glimpse into state-of-the-art nanomedicine approaches developed for CSCs elimination. A perspective on innovative therapeutic strategies and the potential direction of nanomedicine-based CSC therapy in the near future is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Shen
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China
| | - Jin-Xing Xia
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, PR China; High Magnetic Field Laboratory of CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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115
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Johnston PG, Zucker I. Lability and diversity of circadian rhythms of cotton rats Sigmodon hispidus. Sci Rep 1983; 9:236. [PMID: 30659204 PMCID: PMC6338744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiating cells (TIC) have been suggested as a mechanism for driving chemoresistance and tumor recurrence in human cancers including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Significant progress has been made in targeting TICs. However, methods for simultaneously targeting heterogeneous TIC populations are lacking. In this study, we found that treating TNBC cells with chemotherapeutic agents led to a significant accumulation of the ALDH+ TIC population. Treating TNBC cells with a disulfiram and copper mixture (DSF/Cu) specifically decreased the ALDH+ TIC population and treatment with BKM120, a pan-PI3K inhibitor, significantly decreased the CD44+/CD24− TIC population. Furthermore, treatment with DSF/Cu or BKM120 induced higher levels of apoptosis in ALDH+ or CD44+/CD24− populations, respectively, than in bulk tumor cells. Combining DSF/Cu and BKM120 treatment simultaneously decreased the ALDH+ and CD44+/CD24− TICs. Using a TNBC tumor xenograft mouse model, we found that DSF/BKM in combination with Taxol significantly reduced the tumor burden and delayed tumor recurrence compared to Taxol treatment alone. Our study is the first of its kind to use two different drugs to abolish two major TIC subtypes simultaneously and inhibit tumor recurrence. These results lay a foundation for developing a novel therapy that can improve chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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