101
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Moriyama K, Hori T. BCR-ABL induces tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP leading to expression of Survivin and Cyclin D1 in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:591-598. [PMID: 31428968 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we studied downstream signals of BCR-ABL with regard to Src family kinases and YAP, a transcription cofactor and an effector of the Hippo pathway. We first checked the phosphorylation status of YAP and found that it was constitutively phosphorylated at tyrosine 357 in CML-derived cell lines (TCC-S and K562) but not in AML-derived cell lines (HL-60 and KG-1a). Treatment with imatinib or RK-20449 inhibited cell growth and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP in both CML lines. Expression of Survivin or Cyclin D1 was decreased in TCC-S, but not in either HL-60 or KG-1a. Furthermore, we established BCR-ABL stable transfectant and control empty vector transfectant from TF-1, a factor-dependent human erythroleukemia cell line, to verify our results obtained with CML cell lines. YAP was phosphorylated at Y357 constitutively in BCR-ABL stable transfectant but not in control transfectant, and treatment with imatinib or RK-20449, a Src family kinase-specific inhibitor, inhibited cell growth, YAP tyrosine phosphorylation, and expression of Cyclin D1 in BCR-ABL stable transfectant. These results suggest that BCR-ABL induces tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP presumably through Src family kinases, which results in expression of Survivin and Cyclin D leading to leukemogenesis in CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Moriyama
- Biomedical Sciences Course, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hori
- Biomedical Sciences Course, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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102
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Deng Z, Zhao J, Cai S, Qi Y, Yu Q, Martin MP, Gao X, Chen R, Zhuo J, Zhen J, Zhang M, Zhang G, He L, Zou H, Lu L, Zhu W, Hong W, Carrington M, Norman PJ. Natural Killer Cells Offer Differential Protection From Leukemia in Chinese Southern Han. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1646. [PMID: 31379844 PMCID: PMC6646668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of human natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptors with polymorphic HLA-A, -B and -C molecules educate NK cells for immune surveillance against tumor cells. The KIR A haplotype encodes a distinctive set of HLA-specific NK cell inhibiting receptors having strong influence on immunity. We observed higher frequency of KIR A homozygosity among 745 healthy Chinese Southern Han than 836 adult patients representing three types of leukemia: ALL (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.52-0.89, p = 0.004), AML (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59-0.98, p = 0.034), and CML (OR = 0.72 95% CI = 0.51-1.0, ns). We observed the same trend for NHL (OR = 0.47 95% CI = 0.26-0.88 p = 0.017). For ALL, the protective effect of the KIR AA genotype was greater in the presence of KIR ligands C1 (Pc = 0.01) and Bw4 (Pc = 0.001), which are tightly linked in East Asians. By contrast, the C2 ligand strengthened protection from CML (Pc = 0.004). NK cells isolated from KIR AA individuals were significantly more cytotoxic toward leukemic cells than those from other KIR genotypes (p < 0.0001). These data suggest KIR allotypes encoded by East Asian KIR A haplotypes are strongly inhibitory, arming NK cells to respond to leukemogenic cells having altered HLA expression. Thus, the study of populations with distinct KIR and HLA distributions enlightens understanding of immune mechanisms that significantly impact leukemia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Deng
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siqi Cai
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Qiong Yu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maureen P. Martin
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Xiaojiang Gao
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rui Chen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiacai Zhuo
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianxin Zhen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
- Central Laboratory, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Shenzhen Hank Bioengineering Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liumei He
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weigang Zhu
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxu Hong
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Blood Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Paul J. Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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103
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Morales-Chacón K, Bourlon C, Acosta-Medina AA, Bourlon MT, Aguayo A, Tuna-Aguilar E. Impact of Additional Cytogenetic Abnormalities on the Clinical Behavior of Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Report on a Latin American Population. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:e299-e306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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104
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César Fassoni A, Roeder I, Glauche I. To Cure or Not to Cure: Consequences of Immunological Interactions in CML Treatment. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:2345-2395. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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105
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Telomere shortening correlates with leukemic stem cell burden at diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1572-1579. [PMID: 29980572 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood (PB) cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been shown to correlate with disease stage, prognostic scores, response to therapy, and disease progression. However, due to considerable genetic interindividual variability, TL varies substantially between individuals, limiting its use as a robust prognostic marker in individual patients. Here, we compared TL of BCR-ABL-, nonleukemic CD34+CD38- hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow of CML patients at diagnosis to their individual BCR-ABL+ leukemic stem cell (LSC) counterparts. We observed significantly accelerated telomere shortening in LSC compared with nonleukemic HSC. Interestingly, the degree of LSC telomere shortening was found to correlate significantly with the leukemic clone size. To validate the diagnostic value of nonleukemic cells as internal controls and to rule out effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment on these nontarget cells, we prospectively assessed TL in 134 PB samples collected in deep molecular remission after TKI treatment within the EURO-SKI study (NCT01596114). Here, no significant telomere shortening was observed in granulocytes compared with an age-adjusted control cohort. In conclusion, this study provides proof of principle for accelerated telomere shortening in LSC as opposed to HSC in CML patients at diagnosis. The fact that the degree of telomere shortening correlates with leukemic clone's size supports the use of TL in leukemic cells as a prognostic parameter pending prospective validation. TL in nonleukemic myeloid cells seems unaffected even by long-term TKI treatment arguing against a reduction of telomere-mediated replicative reserve in normal hematopoiesis under TKI treatment.
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106
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SOX6 blocks the proliferation of BCR-ABL1 + and JAK2V617F + leukemic cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3388. [PMID: 30833651 PMCID: PMC6399316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX6 is a HMG-box transcription factor expressed in a wide range of tissues. Recent data show that SOX6 expression is altered in different cancers, in the majority of cases being downregulated. To date, no data are available about SOX6 role in hematological malignancies. Here we demonstrate that SOX6 overexpressing BCR-ABL1+ B-ALL cells are unable to promote leukemia in a mouse model. Starting from this observation, we extended our study to a panel of human leukemic cells carrying genetic lesions distinctive of different types of leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders (the BCR-ABL1 translocation and the JAK2V617F amino acid substitution) to dissect the cellular events induced by SOX6. The inhibition of proliferation is the invariant outcome of SOX6 overexpression but it is achieved via two different cellular responses: terminal differentiation in erythroid-biased cells, irrespectively of their mutation, and apoptosis in megakaryocytic-primed and lymphoid cells. Within this context, cells carrying the highest copy number of the JAK2V617F allele better counteract the SOX6-imposed growth arrest. The interrogation of the GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis) human dataset reveals that SOX6 is downregulated in a cohort of AML patients, uncovering a wide anti-proliferative role of SOX6 in a variety of mutant backgrounds.
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107
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Melge AR, Kumar LG, K P, Nair SV, K M, C GM. Predictive models for designing potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia for understanding its molecular mechanism of resistance by molecular docking and dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:4747-4766. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1559765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu R. Melge
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kerala State, India
| | - Lekshmi G. Kumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kerala State, India
| | - Pavithran K
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kerala State, India
| | - Shantikumar V. Nair
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kerala State, India
| | - Manzoor K
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kerala State, India
| | - Gopi Mohan C
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kerala State, India
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108
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Benati RB, Costa TR, Cacemiro MDC, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA, Burin SM. Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic action of MjTX-I, a phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom, towards leukemic cells. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:40. [PMID: 30598659 PMCID: PMC6300906 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a BCR-ABL1+ myeloproliferative neoplasm marked by increased myeloproliferation and presence of leukemic cells resistant to apoptosis. The current first-line therapy for CML is administration of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib mesylate, dasatinib or nilotinib. Although effective to treat CML, some patients have become resistant to this therapy, leading to disease progression and death. Thus, the discovery of new compounds to improve CML therapy is still challenging. Here we addressed whether MjTX-I, a phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom, affects the viability of imatinib mesylate-resistant Bcr-Abl+ cell lines. Methods We examined the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect of MjTX-I in K562-S and K562-R Bcr-Abl+ cells and in the non-tumor HEK-293 cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and the hypotonic fluorescent solution methods, associated with detection of caspases 3, 8, and 9 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. We also analyzed the MjTX-I potential to modulate the expression of apoptosis-related genes in K562-S and K562-R cells. Results MjTX-I decreased the viability of K562-S and K562-R cells by 60 to 65%, without affecting the viability of the non-tumor cells, i.e. it exerted selective cytotoxicity towards Bcr-Abl+ cell lines. In leukemic cell lines, the toxin induced apoptosis, activated caspases 3, 8, and 9, cleaved PARP, downregulated expression of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2, and upregulated expression of the pro-apoptotic gene BAD. Conclusion The antitumor effect of MjTX-I is associated with its potential to induce apoptosis and cytotoxicity in Bcr-Abl positive cell lines sensitive and resistant to imatinib mesylate, indicating that MjTX-I is a promising candidate drug to upgrade the CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Bodini Benati
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Tássia Rafaela Costa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Maira da Costa Cacemiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Burin
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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109
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Bettiol A, Marconi E, Lombardi N, Crescioli G, Gherlinzoni F, Walley T, Vannacci A, Chinellato A, Giusti P. Pattern of Use and Long-Term Safety of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Decade of Real-World Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Drug Investig 2018; 38:837-844. [PMID: 30043130 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-018-0676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES First-line treatment of chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is based on the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib or the second-generation TKIs dasatinib or nilotinib. Thanks to the efficacy of TKIs, CML has switched from a fatal to a 'chronic' pathology, and data from clinical trials have become insufficient to drive physicians' prescription choices and address long-term treatment outcomes. On the brink of commercialization of generic imatinib, this study aims to evaluate the therapeutic pattern of CP-CML and the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) over a decade of local real clinical practice. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed on CP-CML patients followed up in the Local Health Unit of Treviso (Veneto Region, Italy) during the period 2005-2015. Data were captured from both administrative databases and physicians' patient diaries. RESULTS Of 81 CP-CML patients, 73 were treated with first-line imatinib; among the second-generation TKIs, only nilotinib was used (n = 8). Overall, 38% of imatinib-treated subjects needed to switch, mainly due to intolerance, whereas no switches occurred in the nilotinib cohort. Osteoarticular pain was the most common AE and was significantly more frequent in the imatinib cohort (68.49 vs. 25.00%, p = 0.022). Other common AEs were dermatologic manifestations, asthenia, and diarrhea. CONCLUSION Although based on a small population, this study represents an unbiased reference on the long-term management of CML in an Italian clinical setting. Our results indicate a better profile of first-line nilotinib, both in terms of persistency and tolerability. AEs remain a major concern, highlighting the importance of close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Ettore Marconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giada Crescioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Gherlinzoni
- Department of Hematology, Local Health Unit n.2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Thomas Walley
- Institute of Psychology Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alfredo Vannacci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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110
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Galimberti S, Grassi S, Baratè C, Guerrini F, Ciabatti E, Perutelli F, Ricci F, Del Genio G, Montali M, Barachini S, Giuliani C, Ferreri MI, Valetto A, Abruzzese E, Ippolito C, Iurlo A, Bocchia M, Sicuranza A, Martino B, Iovino L, Buda G, Salehzadeh S, Petrini M, Di Paolo A, Mattii L. The Polycomb BMI1 Protein Is Co-expressed With CD26+ in Leukemic Stem Cells of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:555. [PMID: 30574454 PMCID: PMC6291509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb gene BMI1 expression exerts a negative predictive impact on several hematological malignancies, such as acute and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), myelofibrosis, and follicular lymphoma. As already demonstrated in CML, BMI1 is responsible for the resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in a BCR-ABL1-independent way. Even if, it is unknown where BMI1 in CML is expressed (in progenitors or more mature cells). We decided, therefore, to evaluate if and where the BMI1 protein is located, focusing mainly on the CD34+/CD38-/CD26+ CML progenitors. To begin we measured, by flow cytometry, the proportion of CD34+/CD26+ cells in 31 bone marrow samples from 20 CML patients, at diagnosis and during treatment with imatinib. After that the bone marrow blood smears were stained with antibodies anti-CD26, BCR-ABL1, and BMI1. These smears were observed by a confocal laser microscope and a 3D reconstruction was then performed. At diagnosis, CD34+/CD26+ cells median value/μL was 0.48; this number increased from diagnosis to the third month of therapy and then reduced during treatment with imatinib. The number and behavior of the CD26+ progenitors were independent from the BCR-ABL1 expression, but they summed up what previously observed about the BMI1 expression modulation. In this work we demonstrate for the first time that in CML the BMI1 protein is co-expressed with BCR-ABL1 only in the cytoplasm of the CD26+ precursors; on the contrary, in other hematological malignancies where BMI1 is commonly expressed (follicular lymphoma, essential thrombocytemia, acute myeloid leukemia), it was not co-localized with CD26 or, obviously, with BCR-ABL1. Once translated into the clinical context, if BMI1 is a marker of stemness, our results would suggest the combination of the BMI1 inhibitors with TKIs as an interesting object of research, and, probably, as a promising way to overcome resistance in CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Galimberti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Grassi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,GeNOMEC School of Doctorate, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Baratè
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Guerrini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Ciabatti
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giada Del Genio
- Unità Operativa Cytogenetics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Barachini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Giuliani
- Unità Operativa Cytogenetics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Valetto
- Unità Operativa Cytogenetics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Ippolito
- Section of Histology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Hematology Division, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Unità Operativa Ematologia, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Sicuranza
- Unità Operativa Ematologia, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Martino
- Unità Operativa Ematologia, Ospedale Binco, Melacrino, Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iovino
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Buda
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Salehzadeh
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonello Di Paolo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Mattii
- Section of Histology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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111
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Wen F, Cao YX, Luo ZY, Liao P, Lu ZW. LncRNA MALAT1 promotes cell proliferation and imatinib resistance by sponging miR-328 in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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112
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Bernardoni R, Giordani G, Signorino E, Monticelli S, Messa F, Pradotto M, Rosso V, Bracco E, Giangrande A, Perini G, Saglio G, Cilloni D. A new BCR-ABL1 Drosophila model as a powerful tool to elucidate the pathogenesis and progression of chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2018; 104:717-728. [PMID: 30409797 PMCID: PMC6442973 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.198267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncoprotein BCR-ABL1 triggers chronic myeloid leukemia. It is clear that the disease relies on constitutive BCR-ABL1 kinase activity, but not all the interactors and regulators of the oncoprotein are known. We describe and validate a Drosophila leukemia model based on inducible human BCR-ABL1 expression controlled by tissue-specific promoters. The model was conceived to be a versatile tool for performing genetic screens. BCR-ABL1 expression in the developing eye interferes with ommatidia differentiation and expression in the hematopoietic precursors increases the number of circulating blood cells. We show that BCR-ABL1 interferes with the pathway of endogenous dAbl with which it shares the target protein Ena. Loss of function of ena or Dab, an upstream regulator of dAbl, respectively suppresses or enhances both the BCR-ABL1-dependent phenotypes. Importantly, in patients with leukemia decreased human Dab1 and Dab2 expression correlates with more severe disease and Dab1 expression reduces the proliferation of leukemia cells. Globally, these observations validate our Drosophila model, which promises to be an excellent system for performing unbiased genetic screens aimed at identifying new BCR-ABL1 interactors and regulators in order to better elucidate the mechanism of leukemia onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bernardoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Italy .,Health Sciences and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, UK
| | | | - Sara Monticelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Messa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Pradotto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Angela Giangrande
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technology - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
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113
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Srutova K, Curik N, Burda P, Savvulidi F, Silvestri G, Trotta R, Klamova H, Pecherkova P, Sovova Z, Koblihova J, Stopka T, Perrotti D, Polakova KM. BCR-ABL1 mediated miR-150 downregulation through MYC contributed to myeloid differentiation block and drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2018; 103:2016-2025. [PMID: 30049824 PMCID: PMC6269310 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.193086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion oncoprotein BCR-ABL1 exhibits aberrant tyrosine kinase activity and it has been proposed that it deregulates signaling networks involving both transcription factors and non-coding microRNAs that result in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previously, microRNA expression profiling showed deregulated expression of miR-150 and miR-155 in CML. In this study, we placed these findings into the broader context of the MYC/miR-150/MYB/miR-155/PU.1 oncogenic network. We propose that up-regulated MYC and miR-155 in CD34+ leukemic stem and progenitor cells, in concert with BCR-ABL1, impair the molecular mechanisms of myeloid differentiation associated with low miR-150 and PU.1 levels. We revealed that MYC directly occupied the -11.7 kb and -0.35 kb regulatory regions in the MIR150 gene. MYC occupancy was markedly increased through BCR-ABL1 activity, causing inhibition of MIR150 gene expression in CML CD34+ and CD34- cells. Furthermore, we found an association between reduced miR-150 levels in CML blast cells and their resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Although TKIs successfully disrupted BCR-ABL1 kinase activity in proliferating CML cells, this treatment did not efficiently target quiescent leukemic stem cells. The study presents new evidence regarding the MYC/miR-150/MYB/miR-155/PU.1 leukemic network established by aberrant BCR-ABL1 activity. The key connecting nodes of this network may serve as potential druggable targets to overcome resistance of CML stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Srutova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Curik
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Burda
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filipp Savvulidi
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giovannino Silvestri
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rossana Trotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hana Klamova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Pecherkova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zofie Sovova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Koblihova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Stopka
- BIOCEV, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Danilo Perrotti
- Department of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katerina Machova Polakova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic .,Institute of Clinical and Experimental Hematology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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114
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Optimization of combination therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia with dosing constraints. J Math Biol 2018; 77:1533-1561. [PMID: 29992481 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-018-1262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a mathematical technique for optimizing combination regimens with constraints. We apply the technique to a mathematical model for treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. The in-host model includes leukemic cell and immune system dynamics during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunomodulatory compounds. The model is minimal (semi-mechanistic) with just enough detail that all relevant therapeutic effects can be represented. The regimens are optimized to yield the highest possible reduction in disease burden, taking into account dosing constraints and side effect risks due to drug exposure. We compare the following three types of regimens: (1) regimens that are restricted to certain discrete dose levels, which can only change every three months; (2) optimal regimens determined using optimal control; and (3) regimens that are piecewise-constant like the first type of regimen, but are obtained as approximations to the optimal control regimens. All three types of regimens result in similar outcomes, but the last one is easy to compute in addition to being clinically feasible.
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115
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In vitro anti-leukemia activity of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor Voxtalisib on HL60 and K562 cells, as well as their multidrug resistance counterparts HL60/ADR and K562/A02 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1069-1078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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116
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Rocca S, Carrà G, Poggio P, Morotti A, Brancaccio M. Targeting few to help hundreds: JAK, MAPK and ROCK pathways as druggable targets in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:40. [PMID: 29455651 PMCID: PMC5817721 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (aCML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by neutrophilic leukocytosis and dysgranulopoiesis. From a genetic point of view, aCML shows a heterogeneous mutational landscape with mutations affecting signal transduction proteins but also broad genetic modifiers and chromatin remodelers, making difficult to understand the molecular mechanisms causing the onset of the disease. The JAK-STAT, MAPK and ROCK pathways are known to be responsible for myeloproliferation in physiological conditions and to be aberrantly activated in myeloproliferative diseases. Furthermore, experimental evidences suggest the efficacy of inhibitors targeting these pathways in repressing myeloproliferation, opening the way to deep clinical investigations. However, the activation status of these pathways is rarely analyzed when genetic mutations do not occur in a component of the signaling cascade. Given that mutations in functionally unrelated genes give rise to the same pathology, it is tempting to speculate that alteration in the few signaling pathways mentioned above might be a common feature of pathological myeloproliferation. If so, targeted therapy would be an option to be considered for aCML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rocca
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pietro Poggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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117
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Soverini S, Mancini M, Bavaro L, Cavo M, Martinelli G. Chronic myeloid leukemia: the paradigm of targeting oncogenic tyrosine kinase signaling and counteracting resistance for successful cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:49. [PMID: 29455643 PMCID: PMC5817796 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated activity of BCR-ABL1, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the fusion gene resulting from the t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation, is thought to be the driver event responsible for initiation and maintenance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). BCR-ABL1 was one of the first tyrosine kinases to be implicated in a human malignancy and the first to be successfully targeted. Imatinib mesylate, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) to be approved for therapeutic use, was hailed as a magic bullet against cancer and remains one of the safest and most effective anticancer agents ever developed. Second- and third-generation TKIs were later introduced to prevent or counteract the problem of drug resistance, that may arise in a small proportion of patients. They are more potent molecules, but have been associated to more serious side effects and complications. Patients achieving stable optimal responses to TKI therapy are predicted to have the same life expectancy of the general population. However, TKIs do not ‘cure’ CML. Only a small proportion of cases may attempt therapy discontinuation without experiencing subsequent relapse. The great majority of patients will have to assume TKIs indefinitely – which raises serious pharmacoeconomic concerns and is now shifting the focus from efficacy to compliance and quality of life issues. Here we retrace the steps that have led from the biological acquisitions regarding BCR-ABL1 structure and function to the development of inhibitory strategies and we discuss drug resistance mechanism and how they can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Soverini
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manuela Mancini
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luana Bavaro
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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118
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Carrà G, Torti D, Crivellaro S, Panuzzo C, Taulli R, Cilloni D, Guerrasio A, Saglio G, Morotti A. The BCR-ABL/NF-κB signal transduction network: a long lasting relationship in Philadelphia positive Leukemias. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66287-66298. [PMID: 27563822 PMCID: PMC5323234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays a key role in cancer pathogenesis due to the ability to promote cellular proliferation and survival, to induce resistance to chemotherapy and to mediate invasion and metastasis. NF-κB is recruited through different mechanisms involving either canonical (RelA/p50) or non-canonical pathways (RelB/p50 or RelB/p52), which transduce the signals originated from growth-factors, cytokines, oncogenic stress and DNA damage, bacterial and viral products or other stimuli. The pharmacological inhibition of the NF-κB pathway has clearly been associated with significant clinical activity in different cancers. Almost 20 years ago, NF-κB was described as an essential modulator of BCR-ABL signaling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Philadelphia-positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. This review summarizes the role of NF-κB in BCR-ABL-mediated leukemogenesis and provides new insights on the long lasting BCR-ABL/NF-κB connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Davide Torti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Crivellaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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119
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Maia RC, Vasconcelos FC, Souza PS, Rumjanek VM. Towards Comprehension of the ABCB1/P-Glycoprotein Role in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010119. [PMID: 29316665 PMCID: PMC6017716 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: The introduction of imatinib (IM), a BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has represented a significant advance in the first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, approximately 30% of patients need to discontinue IM due to resistance or intolerance to this drug. Both resistance and intolerance have also been observed in treatment with the second-generation TKIs-dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib-and the third-generation TKI-ponatinib. The mechanisms of resistance to TKIs may be BCR-ABL1-dependent and/or BCR-ABL1-independent. Although the role of efflux pump P-glycoprotein (Pgp), codified by the ABCB1 gene, is unquestionable in drug resistance of many neoplasms, a longstanding question exists about whether Pgp has a firm implication in TKI resistance in the clinical scenario. The goal of this review is to offer an overview of ABCB1/Pgp expression/activity/polymorphisms in CML. Understanding how interactions, associations, or cooperation between Pgp and other molecules-such as inhibitor apoptosis proteins, microRNAs, or microvesicles-impact IM resistance risk may be critical in evaluating the response to TKIs in CML patients. In addition, new non-TKI compounds may be necessary in order to overcome the resistance mediated by Pgp in CML.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/physiology
- Animals
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C Maia
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular and Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, CEP 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Flavia C Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular and Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, CEP 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Paloma S Souza
- Laboratório de Hemato-Oncologia Celular e Molecular and Programa de Hemato-Oncologia Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha, 23, 6° andar, CEP 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vivian M Rumjanek
- Laboratório de Imunologia Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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120
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Koch D, Eisinger RS, Gebharter A. A causal Bayesian network model of disease progression mechanisms in chronic myeloid leukemia. J Theor Biol 2017; 433:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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121
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Lang F, Wunderle L, Pfeifer H, Schnittger S, Bug G, Ottmann OG. Dasatinib and Azacitidine Followed by Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Evolving Myelodysplasia: A Case Report and Review of Treatment Options. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2017; 18:1099-1109. [PMID: 29033451 PMCID: PMC5652250 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.904956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CML presenting with a variant Philadelphia translocation, atypical BCR-ABL transcript, additional chromosomal aberrations, and evolving MDS is uncommon and therapeutically challenging. The prognostic significance of these genetic findings is uncertain, even as singular aberrations, with nearly no data on management and outcome when they coexist. MDS evolving during the course of CML may be either treatment-associated or an independently coexisting disease, and is generally considered to have an inferior prognosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) directed against BCR-ABL are the mainstay of treatment for CML, whereas treatment modalities that may be utilized for MDS and CML include allogeneic stem cell transplant and - at least conceptually - hypomethylating agents. CASE REPORT Here, we describe the clinical course of such a patient, demonstrating that long-term combined treatment with dasatinib and azacitidine for coexisting CML and MDS is feasible and well tolerated, and may be capable of slowing disease progression. This combination therapy had no deleterious effect on subsequent potentially curative haploidentical bone marrow transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The different prognostic implications of this unusual case and new therapeutic options in CML are discussed, together with a review of the current literature on CML presenting with different types of genomic aberrations and the coincident development of MDS. Additionally, this case gives an example of long-term combined treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and hypomethylating agents, which could be pioneering in CML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Lang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lydia Wunderle
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heike Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Gesine Bug
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver G Ottmann
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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122
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Ali MAM. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: An Evolving Paradigm of Molecularly Targeted Therapy. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 20:315-33. [PMID: 27220498 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm, characterized by the unrestrained expansion of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. CML was the first malignancy in which a unique chromosomal abnormality was identified and a pathophysiologic association was suggested. The hallmark of CML is a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9; 22)(q34; q11), creating a derivative 9q+ and a shortened 22q-. The latter, known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, harbors the breakpoint cluster region-abelson (BCR-ABL) fusion gene, encoding the constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase that is necessary and sufficient for initiating CML. The successful implementation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of CML remains a flagship for molecularly targeted therapy in cancer. TKIs have changed the clinical course of CML; however, some patients nonetheless demonstrate primary or secondary resistance to such therapy and require an alternative therapeutic strategy. Therefore, the assessment of early response to treatment with TKIs has become an important tool in the clinical monitoring of CML patients. Although mutations in the BCR-ABL have proven to be the most prominent mechanism of resistance to TKIs, other mechanisms-either rendering the leukemic cells still dependent on BCR-ABL activity or supporting oncogenic properties of the leukemic cells independent of BCR-ABL signaling-have been identified. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of CML pathogenesis; recommendations for diagnostic tools, treatment strategies, and management guidelines; and highlights the BCR-ABL-dependent and -independent mechanisms that contribute to the development of resistance to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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123
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Woywod C, Gruber FX, Engh RA, Flå T. Dynamical models of mutated chronic myelogenous leukemia cells for a post-imatinib treatment scenario: Response to dasatinib or nilotinib therapy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179700. [PMID: 28678800 PMCID: PMC5497988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted inhibition of the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 fusion protein using the ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib has become standard therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), with most patients reaching total and durable remission. However, a significant fraction of patients develop resistance, commonly due to mutated ABL1 kinase domains. This motivated development of second-generation drugs with broadened or altered protein kinase selectivity profiles, including dasatinib and nilotinib. Imatinib-resistant patients undergoing treatment with second-line drugs typically develop resistance to them, but dynamic and clonal properties of this response differ. Shared, however, is the observation of clonal competition, reflected in patterns of successive dominance of individual clones. We present three deterministic mathematical models to study the origins of clinically observed dynamics. Each model is a system of coupled first-order differential equations, considering populations of three mutated active stem cell strains and three associated pools of differentiated cells; two models allow for activation of quiescent stem cells. Each approach is distinguished by the way proliferation rates of the primary stem cell reservoir are modulated. Previous studies have concentrated on simulating the response of wild-type leukemic cells to imatinib administration; our focus is on modelling the time dependence of imatinib-resistant clones upon subsequent exposure to dasatinib or nilotinib. Performance of the three computational schemes to reproduce selected CML patient profiles is assessed. While some simple cases can be approximated by a basic design that does not invoke quiescence, others are more complex and require involvement of non-cycling stem cells for reproduction. We implement a new feedback mechanism for regulation of coupling between cycling and non-cycling stem cell reservoirs that depends on total cell populations. A bifurcation landscape analysis is also performed for solutions to the basic ansatz. Computational models reproducing patient data illustrate potential dynamic mechanisms that may guide optimization of therapy of drug resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Woywod
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Franz X. Gruber
- NORSTRUCT, Chemistry Department, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Richard A. Engh
- NORSTRUCT, Chemistry Department, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tor Flå
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Mathematics Department, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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124
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Sellar R, Losman JA. Targeting Aberrant Signaling in Myeloid Malignancies: Promise Versus Reality. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:565-576. [PMID: 28673388 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clonal myeloid disorders are characterized by genetic alterations that activate cytokine signaling pathways and stimulate cell proliferation. These activated signaling pathways have been extensively studied as potential therapeutic targets, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have indeed had extraordinary success in treating BCR/ABL-positive chronic myeloiud leukemia. However, although inhibitors of other activated kinases have been developed that perform well in preclinical studies, the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs in patients has been unimpressive. This article discusses potential reasons for these discordant results and outlines recent scientific advances that are informing future efforts to target activated kinases in clonal myeloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Sellar
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1 Blackfan Circle, Karp Building, CHRB05.125, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie-Aurore Losman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Hematology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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125
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Nrf-2/Gst-α mediated imatinib resistance through rapid 4-HNE clearance. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:72-78. [PMID: 28267438 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The advent of imatinib mesylate (IM) has dramatically improved the outcome of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, but drug resistance, particularly in advanced stage of disease, portents eventual relapse and progression. To identify the candidate molecule responsible for resistance during IM treatment, an IM-resistant K562 cell line was generated by culturing in gradually increasing dose of IM. The expression of Nrf-2 and its downstream target, Gst-α, were significantly induced in these cells. GST-α, in turn, mediated cell survival by maintaining intracellular low level of 4-HNE. Inhibition of Nrf-2 effectively reduced the expression of Gst-α, resulting in accumulation of 4-HNE and elevated sensitiveness to IM. Moreover, in IM-sensitive K562 cells enforced Gst-α expression strikingly protected cells from the insult of IM. Finally, we also examined the levels of Nrf-2 in clinical bone morrow samples. Nrf-2 and Gst-α were more abundant in bone morrow of CML patients compared with that of healthy donors. In addition, Nrf-2 and Gst-α were further up-regulated in samples of patients with weak response to IM. In conclusion, our study shows that rapid clearance of 4-HNE by Nrf-2/GST may represents a novel molecular basis of IM resistance in CML.
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126
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Synchronous Occurrence of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Case Rep Hematol 2017; 2017:7815095. [PMID: 28270940 PMCID: PMC5320374 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7815095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are hematologic malignancies that originate from different oligopotent progenitor stem cells, namely, common myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells, respectively. Although blastic transformation of CML can occur in the lymphoid lineage and CML has been related to non-Hodgkin lymphoma on transformation, to our knowledge, de novo and synchronous occurrence of CML and MCL has not been reported. Herein, we report the first case of synchronous CML and MCL in an otherwise healthy 38-year-old man. Potential etiologies and pathological relationships between the two malignancies are explored, including the possibility that the downstream effects of BCR-ABL may link it to an overexpression of cyclin D1, which is inherent to the etiology of MCL.
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Savasoglu K, Payzin KB, Ozdemirkiran F, Subasioglu A, Yilmaz AF. The effect of the additional cytogenetic abnormalities on major molecular response and BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations in long-term follow-up chronic myeloid leukemia patients, a cross sectional study. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:1958-1962. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1265112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Savasoglu
- Department of Genetic, Izmir Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fusun Ozdemirkiran
- Department of Hematology, Izmir Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asli Subasioglu
- Department of Genetic, Izmir Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asu Fergun Yilmaz
- Department of Hematology, Izmir Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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128
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Wang S, Qiao C, Zhu Y, Shen W, He G, Li J. The third-time chronic myeloid leukemia in lymphoblastic crisis with ABL1 kinase mutation induced by decitabine, dexamethason combined with nilotinib and dasatinib. J Transl Int Med 2016; 4:182-184. [PMID: 28191543 DOI: 10.1515/jtim-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast crisis (BC) is the major remaining challenge in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The prognosis of the BC patient who carries ABL kinase mutation is very poor. One patient, with lymphoid CML-BC third time, was detected with T315A/F359I/M244V compound mutation by direct sequencing after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitions three years. The patient was treated with decitabine, dexamethasone, in combination with nilotinib and dasatinib. Then this patient received a complete hematologic response and cytogenetic response after two cycles of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenyi Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangsheng He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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129
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Martinez-Castillo M, Bonilla-Moreno R, Aleman-Lazarini L, Meraz-Rios MA, Orozco L, Cedillo-Barron L, Cordova EJ, Villegas-Sepulveda N. A Subpopulation of the K562 Cells Are Killed by Curcumin Treatment after G2/M Arrest and Mitotic Catastrophe. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165971. [PMID: 27832139 PMCID: PMC5104431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is extensively investigated as a good chemo-preventive agent in the development of many cancers and particularly in leukemia, including treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and it has been proposed as an adjuvant for leukemia therapies. Human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562), were treated with 20 μM of curcumin, and we found that a subpopulation of these cells were arrested and accumulate in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Characterization of this cell subpopulation showed that the arrested cells presented nuclear morphology changes resembling those described for mitotic catastrophe. Mitotic cells displayed abnormal chromatin organization, collapse of the mitotic spindle and abnormal chromosome segregation. Then, these cells died in an apoptosis dependent manner and showed diminution in the protein levels of BCL-2 and XIAP. Moreover, our results shown that a transient activation of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) occurred early in these cells, but decreased after 6 h of the treatment, explaining in part the diminution of the anti-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, P73 was translocated to the cell nuclei, because the expression of the C/EBPα, a cognate repressor of the P73 gene, was decreased, suggesting that apoptosis is trigger by elevation of P73 protein levels acting in concert with the diminution of the two anti-apoptotic molecules. In summary, curcumin treatment might produce a P73-dependent apoptotic cell death in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K562), which was triggered by mitotic catastrophe, due to sustained BAX and survivin expression and impairment of the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-2 and XIAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macario Martinez-Castillo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raul Bonilla-Moreno
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Aleman-Lazarini
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Meraz-Rios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, México
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barron
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emilio J. Cordova
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City, México
| | - Nicolas Villegas-Sepulveda
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
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130
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Hehlmann R, Saußele S, Voskanyan A, Silver RT. Management of CML-blast crisis. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 29:295-307. [PMID: 27839570 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have moderately improved survival in BC, but a median survival of less than 1 year is still unsatisfactory. This article reviews the various tests required for diagnosis of BC, features at diagnosis, treatment modalities (intensive chemotherapy, TKI, allo-SCT and a selection of investigational agents), options of prevention and predictors of progression. The best prognosis is observed in patients that achieve a 2nd CP. Allo-SCT probably further improves prognosis of patients in 2nd CP. The choice of TKI should be directed by the mutation profile of the patient. BC can be prevented. A careful analysis of risk factors for progression may help. Current treatment options are combined in a concluding strategy for the management of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hehlmann
- Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, III. Medizinische Klinik, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Susanne Saußele
- Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, III. Medizinische Klinik, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Astghik Voskanyan
- Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, III. Medizinische Klinik, Pettenkoferstr. 22, 68169 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Richard T Silver
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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131
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Chen Y, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Wang R, Jin M, Qiu Y, Kong D. Idelalisib induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3643-3650. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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132
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Mello JCD, Moraes VWR, Watashi CM, da Silva DC, Cavalcanti LP, Franco MKKD, Yokaichiya F, de Araujo DR, Rodrigues T. Enhancement of chlorpromazine antitumor activity by Pluronics F127/L81 nanostructured system against human multidrug resistant leukemia. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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133
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Treatment and outcome of 2904 CML patients from the EUTOS population-based registry. Leukemia 2016; 31:593-601. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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134
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Crivellaro S, Panuzzo C, Carrà G, Volpengo A, Crasto F, Gottardi E, Familiari U, Papotti M, Torti D, Piazza R, Redaelli S, Taulli R, Guerrasio A, Saglio G, Morotti A. Non genomic loss of function of tumor suppressors in CML: BCR-ABL promotes IκBα mediated p53 nuclear exclusion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25217-25. [PMID: 26295305 PMCID: PMC4694826 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor function can be modulated by subtle variation of expression levels, proper cellular compartmentalization and post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation and sumoylation. The non-genomic loss of function of tumor suppressors offers a challenging therapeutic opportunity. The reactivation of a tumor suppressor could indeed promote selective apoptosis of cancer cells without affecting normal cells. The identification of mechanisms that affect tumor suppressor functions is therefore essential. In this work, we show that BCR-ABL promotes the accumulation of the NFKBIA gene product, IκBα, in the cytosol through physical interaction and stabilization of the protein. Furthermore, BCR-ABL/IκBα complex acts as a scaffold protein favoring p53 nuclear exclusion. We therefore identify a novel BCR-ABL/IκBα/p53 network, whereby BCR-ABL functionally inactivates a key tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Crivellaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Volpengo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesca Crasto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Enrico Gottardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Familiari
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at St Luigi Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oncology, University of Turin at St Luigi Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Torti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Redaelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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135
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Burin SM, Berzoti-Coelho MG, Cominal JG, Ambrosio L, Torqueti MR, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. The L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma snake venom modulates apoptomiRs expression in Bcr-Abl-positive cell lines. Toxicon 2016; 120:9-14. [PMID: 27421670 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic genes and apoptomiRs deregulated expression contribute to apoptosis resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Bcr-Abl(+) cells. Here, the L-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) venom altered the apoptotic machinery regulation by modulating the expression of the miR-145, miR-26a, miR-142-3p, miR-21, miR-130a, and miR-146a, and of the apoptosis-related proteins Bid, Bim, Bcl-2, Ciap-2, c-Flip, and Mcl-1 in Bcr-Abl(+) cells. CR-LAAO is a potential tool to instigate apoptomiRs regulation that contributes to drive CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti-Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juçara Gastaldi Cominal
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Regina Torqueti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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136
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Perrone S, Massaro F, Alimena G, Breccia M. How has treatment changed for blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients in the tyrosine kinase inhibitor era? A review of efficacy and safety. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1517-26. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1190335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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137
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Schmitt MW, Loeb LA, Salk JJ. The influence of subclonal resistance mutations on targeted cancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2016; 13:335-47. [PMID: 26483300 PMCID: PMC4838548 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2015.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical oncology is being revolutionized by the increasing use of molecularly targeted therapies. This paradigm holds great promise for improving cancer treatment; however, allocating specific therapies to the patients who are most likely to derive a durable benefit continues to represent a considerable challenge. Evidence continues to emerge that cancers are characterized by extensive intratumour genetic heterogeneity, and that patients being considered for treatment with a targeted agent might, therefore, already possess resistance to the drug in a minority of cells. Indeed, multiple examples of pre-existing subclonal resistance mutations to various molecularly targeted agents have been described, which we review herein. Early detection of pre-existing or emerging drug resistance could enable more personalized use of targeted cancer therapy, as patients could be stratified to receive the therapies that are most likely to be effective. We consider how monitoring of drug resistance could be incorporated into clinical practice to optimize the use of targeted therapies in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Schmitt
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 357705, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 357705, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lawrence A Loeb
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 357705, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jesse J Salk
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 357705, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 357705, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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138
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Zhou Q, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhao W, Zhong Y, Wang R, Jin M, Qiu Y, Kong D. In Vitro Antileukemia Activity of ZSTK474 on K562 and Multidrug Resistant K562/A02 Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:631-8. [PMID: 27194941 PMCID: PMC4870707 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignant hematological disorder mainly caused by the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. While Bcr-Abl inhibitors including Imatinib showed antitumor efficacy on many CML patients, resistance was frequently reported in recent years. Therefore, novel drugs for CML are still expected. ZSTK474 is a specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor that we identified. In the present study, the efficacy of ZSTK474, alone or in combination with Imatinib, on K562 CML cells as well as on its multidrug resistance counterpart K562/A02 cells, was investigated. ZSTK474 inhibited the cell proliferation with an IC50 of 4.69 μM for K562 and 7.57 μM for K562/A02 cells, respectively. Treatment by ZSTK474 resulted in cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, which might be associated with upregulation of p27, and downregulation of cyclin D1. ZSTK474 also inhibited phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, which might be involved in the effect on the above cell cycle-related proteins. Moreover, combination of ZSTK474 and Imatinib indicated synergistic effect on both cell lines. In conclusion, ZSTK474 exhibited antileukemia activity alone, and showed synergistic effect when combined with Imatinib, on CML K562 cells as well as the multidrug resistant ones, providing a potential therapeutic approach for CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxiang Zhou
- 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;; 2. Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yali Chen
- 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;; 2. Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;; 2. Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wennan Zhao
- 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;; 2. Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuxu Zhong
- 3. State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ran Wang
- 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- 1. Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;; 2. Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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139
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Brehme M, Koschmieder S, Montazeri M, Copland M, Oehler VG, Radich JP, Brümmendorf TH, Schuppert A. Combined Population Dynamics and Entropy Modelling Supports Patient Stratification in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24057. [PMID: 27048866 PMCID: PMC4822142 DOI: 10.1038/srep24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Modelling the parameters of multistep carcinogenesis is key for a better understanding of cancer progression, biomarker identification and the design of individualized therapies. Using chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a paradigm for hierarchical disease evolution we show that combined population dynamic modelling and CML patient biopsy genomic analysis enables patient stratification at unprecedented resolution. Linking CD34+ similarity as a disease progression marker to patient-derived gene expression entropy separated established CML progression stages and uncovered additional heterogeneity within disease stages. Importantly, our patient data informed model enables quantitative approximation of individual patients’ disease history within chronic phase (CP) and significantly separates “early” from “late” CP. Our findings provide a novel rationale for personalized and genome-informed disease progression risk assessment that is independent and complementary to conventional measures of CML disease burden and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Brehme
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maryam Montazeri
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian G Oehler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jerald P Radich
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuppert
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany.,Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES), RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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140
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Burin SM, Ghisla S, Ouchida AT, Aissa AF, Coelho MGB, Costa TR, Marsola APZC, Pinto-Simões B, Antunes LMG, Curti C, Sampaio SV, de Castro FA. CR-LAAO antileukemic effect against Bcr-Abl(+) cells is mediated by apoptosis and hydrogen peroxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:309-20. [PMID: 26812110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase protein, which confers resistance to apoptosis in leukemic cells. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effectively used to treat CML; however, CML patients in the advanced (CML-AP) and chronic (CML-CP) phases of the disease are usually resistant to TKI therapy. Thus, it is necessary to seek for novel agents to treat CML, such as the enzyme l-amino acid oxidase from Calloselasma rhodostoma (CR-LAAO) snake venom. We examined the antitumor effect of CR-LAAO in Bcr-Abl(+) cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects and CML patients. CR-LAAO was more cytotoxic towards Bcr-Abl(+) cell lines than towards healthy subjects' PBMC. The H2O2 produced during the enzymatic action of CR-LAAO mediated its cytotoxic effect. The CR-LAAO induced apoptosis in Bcr-Abl(+) cells, as detected by caspases 3, 8, and 9 activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA damage. CR-LAAO elicited apoptosis in PBMC from CML-CP patients without TKI treatment more strongly than in PBMC from healthy subjects and TKI-treated CML-CP and CML-AP patients. The antitumor effect of CR-LAAO against Bcr-Abl(+) cells makes this toxin a promising candidate to CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mara Burin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Ghisla
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Amanda Tomie Ouchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Ferro Aissa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti Coelho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tássia Rafaella Costa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Zambuzi Cardoso Marsola
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Belinda Pinto-Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Curti
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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141
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Horvilleur E, Wilson LA, Bastide A, Piñeiro D, Pöyry TAA, Willis AE. Cap-Independent Translation in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2015; 5:293. [PMID: 26734574 PMCID: PMC4685420 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of diseases deriving from blood cells progenitors. Although many genes involved in blood cancers contain internal ribosome entry sites (IRESes), there has been only few studies focusing on the role of cap-independent translation in leukemia and lymphomas. Expression of IRES trans-acting factors can also be altered, and interestingly, BCL-ABL1 fusion protein expressed from “Philadelphia” chromosome, found in some types of leukemia, regulates several of them. A mechanism involving c-Myc IRES and cap-independent translation and leading to resistance to chemotherapy in multiple myeloma emphasize the contribution of cap-independent translation in blood cancers and the need for more work to be done to clarify the roles of known IRESes in pathology and response to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Piñeiro
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit , Leicester , UK
| | | | - Anne E Willis
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit , Leicester , UK
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142
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Duran-Struuck R, Matar AJ, Huang CA. Myeloid Leukemias and Virally Induced Lymphomas in Miniature Inbred Swine: Development of a Large Animal Tumor Model. Front Genet 2015; 6:332. [PMID: 26635868 PMCID: PMC4653297 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of a large animal transplantable tumor model has limited the study of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liquid cancers. Swine as a species provide a natural option based on their similarities with humans and their already extensive use in biomedical research. Specifically, the Massachusetts General Hospital miniature swine herd retains unique genetic characteristics that facilitate the study of hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplantation. Spontaneously arising liquid cancers in these swine, specifically myeloid leukemias and B cell lymphomas, closely resemble human malignancies. The ability to establish aggressive tumor cell lines in vitro from these naturally occurring malignancies makes a transplantable tumor model a close reality. Here, we discuss our experience with myeloid and lymphoid tumors in major histocompatibility characterized miniature swine and future approaches regarding the development of a large animal transplantable tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Abraham J Matar
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando FL, USA
| | - Christene A Huang
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
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143
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Natural products against hematological malignancies and identification of their targets. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1191-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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144
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Comazzi S, Aresu L, Marconato L. Transformation of Canine Lymphoma/Leukemia to More Aggressive Diseases: Anecdotes or Reality? Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:42. [PMID: 26664970 PMCID: PMC4672227 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation is the evolution of an indolent lymphoma/leukemia to an aggressive lymphoma, typically harboring a very poor prognosis. This phenomenon is well described in humans, but underestimated in dogs although recognized as a possible evolution of indolent lymphomas/leukemias. In canine chronic leukemias, blast crisis (mainly in myeloid) and Richter syndrome (transformation into a high grade lymphoma) (mainly in B-cell lymphocytic leukemia) have been reported. Transformation is a possible event also in canine low grade lymphomas, although rare. The increased knowledge has also generated new questions and posed challenges that need to be addressed to improve outcome, including the recognition of the clinical characteristics at diagnosis associated with a higher risk of transformation in an attempt of anticipating the typical evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health (DIVET), University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Food Science, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
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145
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Characteristics of the TCR Vβ repertoire in imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia patients with ABL mutations. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1276-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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146
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Palumbo A, Da Costa NDOM, Bonamino MH, Pinto LFR, Nasciutti LE. Genetic instability in the tumor microenvironment: a new look at an old neighbor. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:145. [PMID: 26227631 PMCID: PMC4521350 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent exponential increase in our knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis has largely failed to translate into new therapies and clinical practices. This lack of success may result in part from the fact that most studies focus on tumor cells as potential therapeutic targets and neglect the complex microenvironment that undergoes profound changes during tumor development. Furthermore, an unfortunate association of factors such as tumor genetic complexity, overestimation of biomarker and drug potentials, as well as a poor understanding of tumor microenvironment in diagnosis and prognosis leads to the current levels of treatment failure regarding a vast majority of cancer types. A growing body of evidence points to the importance of the functional diversity of immune and structural cells during tumor development. In this sense, the lack of technologies that would allow for molecular screening of individual stromal cell types poses a major challenge for the development of therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. Progress in microenvironment genetic studies represents a formidable opportunity for the development of new selective drugs because stromal cells have lower mutation rates than malignant cells, and should prove to be good targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio de Ciências da Saúde - Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373 - bloco F, sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. .,Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - 6° andar - Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Nathalia de Oliveira Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - 6° andar - Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Martin Hernan Bonamino
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - 6° andar - Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. .,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Vice-presidência de Pesquisa e Laboratórios de Referência, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Pavilhão Mourisco - Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37 - 6° andar - Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio de Ciências da Saúde - Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373 - bloco F, sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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