101
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Jian L, Bai X, Zhang H, Song X, Li Z. Promotion of growth and metal accumulation of alfalfa by coinoculation with Sinorhizobium and Agrobacterium under copper and zinc stress. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6875. [PMID: 31119081 PMCID: PMC6510217 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis has been proposed as a promising technique for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils due to its beneficial activity in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. However, numerous studies have shown that excessive heavy metals reduce the efficiency of symbiotic nodulation with Rhizobium and inhibit plant growth. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of IAA-producing bacteria and Rhizobium on Medicago lupulina growth under Cu and Zn stress. Pot experiments showed that 400 mg kg-1 Cu2 + and Zn2 + greatly inhibited plant growth, but dual inoculation of Medicago lupulina with Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens CCNWGS0286 significantly increased the number of nodules and plant biomass by enhancing antioxidant activities. Under double stress of 400 mg kg-1 Cu2 + and Zn2 +, the nodule number and nitrogenase activities of dual-inoculated plants were 48.5% and 154.4% higher, respectively, than those of plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti. The root and above-ground portion lengths of the dual-inoculated plants were 32.6% and 14.1% greater, respectively, than those of the control, while the root and above-ground portion dry weights were 34.3% and 32.2% greater, respectively, than those of the control. Compared with S. meliloti and A. tumefaciens single inoculation, coinoculation increased total Cu uptake by 39.1% and 47.5% and increased total Zn uptake by 35.4% and 44.2%, respectively, under double metal stress conditions. Therefore, coinoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti and Agrobacterium tumefaciens enhances metal phytoextraction by increasing plant growth and antioxidant activities under Cu/Zn stress, which provides a new approach for bioremediation in heavy metal-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Bai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuyong Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhefei Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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102
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Elkelish AA, Soliman MH, Alhaithloul HA, El-Esawi MA. Selenium protects wheat seedlings against salt stress-mediated oxidative damage by up-regulating antioxidants and osmolytes metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:144-153. [PMID: 30784986 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress hampers the growth of most crop plants and reduces yield considerably. Therefore, experiments were conducted on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants for studying the role of selenium (5 and 10 μM Se) supplementation in strengthening the salinity stress tolerance. Exposure to salinity (100 mM NaCl) reduced growth in terms of length, fresh and dry biomass yield. Se was affective in ameliorating the deleterious effects of NaCl stress to significant levels when supplied at 5 μM concentrations compared to 10 μM. Application of Se at 5 μM concentration did not show significant impacts on the physiological and biochemical parameters studied. Plants supplemented with 5 μM Se exhibited the highest RWC, chlorophyll synthesis, and photosynthesis. Se supplementation reduced the NaCl-mediated oxidative damage by up-regulating the activity of enzymatic components of the antioxidant system and the accumulation of ascorbate and glutathione. Furthermore, 5 μM Se proved beneficial in enhancing proline and sugar accumulation in normal and NaCl-stressed seedlings providing extra osmolarity to maintain RWC and protect photosynthesis. Se also affected proline metabolism by modulating the activities of the γ-glutamyl kinase (γ-GK) and proline oxidase (PROX) leading to its greater synthesis and lesser degradation. Moreover, it was observed that Se declined the Na/K ratio and also improved nitrogen and Ca uptake. Conclusively, Se at low concentration can be beneficial in preventing salinity-mediated damage and further studies are required to unravel underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr, 46429, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | - Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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103
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Alam MZ, McGee R, Hoque MA, Ahammed GJ, Carpenter-Boggs L. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Selenium and Biochar on Photosynthetic Pigments and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Under Arsenic Stress in Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata). Front Physiol 2019; 10:193. [PMID: 30930785 PMCID: PMC6424050 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental perturbations alter biochemical compounds in food crops. Arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid, is known to affect the cultivation of food crops in many regions of the world; however, the changes in chlorophyll, catalase (CAT), and proline in response to As stress and the role of stress relief substances remain largely unknown in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.). In this study, biochar (BC), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and selenium (Se) were applied to soils as stress relief substances (under 30 mg kg-1 As stress), and the effects of BC, AMF, and Se on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, CAT activity, and proline content were studied in different mung bean genotypes. Under As stress, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents in BARI mung 3, BARI mung 5, and BARI mung 8 were found statistically similar. Meanwhile, CAT activity increased in comparison to the control due to the application of BC, AMF, and Se in mung bean crops. However, proline was found significantly lower in AMF, BC, and Se-treated mung bean. This indicates that oxidative stress was potentially minimized in As-stressed mung bean crops due to the application of these stress relief substances. Notably, AMF was relatively effective against As stress in comparison to BC and Se. It is concluded that BC, AMF, and Se are all highly effective in enhancing antioxidant defenses as well as the nutritional quality of mung bean crops under As stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahangeer Alam
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rebecca McGee
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
- Grain Legume Genetics Physiology Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Md. Anamul Hoque
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lynne Carpenter-Boggs
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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104
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Wu Z, Xu S, Shi H, Zhao P, Liu X, Li F, Deng T, Du R, Wang X, Wang F. Comparison of foliar silicon and selenium on cadmium absorption, compartmentation, translocation and the antioxidant system in Chinese flowering cabbage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:157-164. [PMID: 30267988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) are beneficial for many higher plants when grown on stress conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying the differential effects between foliar Si and Se in alleviation of plant toxicity exposed to cadmium (Cd) stress are remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the discrepant mechanisms of foliar Si and Se on Cd absorption and compartmentation by roots, its translocation in xylem, and the antioxidant system within Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis) under low and high Cd stress. Results showed that plant growth was significantly enhanced by foliar additions of Si or/and Se according to an increased plant tissue biomass at high Cd exposure. In addition, the foliar coupled addition of Si and Se showed little effects on the concentrations of Si or Se in plant tissues in comparison with the single addition of foliar Si or Se respectively. The foliar Si alone or combined with Se markedly reduced the Cd concentrations in plant shoots under two Cd treatments. This might be explained by the lower Cd concentrations in symplast and apoplast and the higher Cd concentrations in cell walls of plant roots, and the lower Cd concentrations in xylem sap. However, no great changes in these values were observed under the treatments of foliar Se alone. Moreover, the foliar additions of Si or/and Se all increased the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT and APX in plant tissues, especially at high Cd dosage. No significant differences in the increasing degrees of these three antioxidant enzymes were found between the foliar Si and Se treatments. However, only the foliar Se alone or combined with Si markedly promoted the antioxidant enzyme activities of GR and DHAR in plant tissues. Our findings demonstrate that the alleviation of Cd toxicity by foliar Si maybe mainly responsible for inhibition of Cd absorption and its translocation to plant shoots, reinforcing its compartmentation into root cell walls, whilst enhancing the antioxidant enzyme system may be employed by foliar Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wu
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Research Center of Trace Elements College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shoujun Xu
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Research Center of Trace Elements College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanzhi Shi
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peihua Zhao
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Furong Li
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tenghaobo Deng
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruiying Du
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Fuhua Wang
- Public Monitoring Center for Agro-Product, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-product (Guangzhou), Ministry, Guangzhou 510640, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers/Research Center of Trace Elements College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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105
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Novo LAB, Silva EF, Pereira A, Casanova A, González L. The effects of rhenium accumulation on Indian mustard. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21243-21250. [PMID: 29931643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium (Re) is one of Earth's scarcest and more largely scattered elements, with an estimate concentration of 0.4-0.6 μg kg-1 in the upper crust. Still, considerable concentrations of bioavailable ReO4- ions are often found, particularly in copper-molybdenum mines, where their uptake by plants of these regions has been reported. Yet, the impact of Re on plants remains a question mark, as the only available knowledge derives from a limited investigation carried out over 60 years ago. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ecophysiological response of Brassica juncea, a species known to endure and accumulate various metals, to a broad range of Re concentrations. B. juncea plants were allowed to grow and on a substrate amended with KReO4 to attain soil Re levels ranging from 0 to 80 mg kg-1. Plants were collected 45 days after sowing for analysis. The results have shown that greater Re levels reduce growth, photosynthetic activity, soluble carbohydrate mobilization, and protein contents, and increase the plant's oxidative stress (anthocyanins, H2O2, lipid peroxidation) and corresponding response (ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase activity). Nevertheless, B. juncea exhibited a remarkable ability to endure and uptake Re, featuring shoot Re concentrations that ranged from 1615 to 24,987 mg kg-1 among the 5 and 80 mg kg-1 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís A B Novo
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centre of Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry - Associated Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Portugal, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo F Silva
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrea Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alba Casanova
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luís González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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106
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Handa N, Kohli SK, Thukral AK, Bhardwaj R, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L, Ahmad P. Protective role of selenium against chromium stress involving metabolites and essential elements in Brassica juncea L. seedlings. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:66. [PMID: 29354377 PMCID: PMC5764881 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at the potential role of selenium in providing protection to plants subjected to chromium toxicity. The study was carried out on 15-day-old seedlings of Brassica juncea raised in the solutions of Cr (300 µM) and Se (2, 4 and 6 µM), both alone and in combinations under controlled laboratory environment. The effects were studied on growth, plant metabolites (involved in osmotic homeostasis and stress protection), and essential elements. The results showed that the exposure of B. juncea seedlings to 300 µM Cr led to an increase in the contents of total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total phenols and flavonoids. However, a significant decline in growth characteristics, the contents of proteins and free amino acids was observed. The essential elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, C, H, N) also decreased in response to Cr. Se application in binary combinations, on the other hand, aided in improving seed germination (19%), root (88.3%) and shoot (18.2%) lengths. It also helped to increase the contents of sugars [total (16.3%), reducing (21.6%) and non-reducing (15.2%)], phenols (36.7%) and flavonoids (27.4%), thereby aiding in alleviating the phytotoxicity of Cr. The profiling of polyphenols and amino acids, and histological study of phenols supported the above results. The contents of essential elements also showed a significant increase, while Cr uptake was observed to decline by Se supplementation. The observations from the present study indicate that Se has the ability to influence primary and secondary metabolism, improve mineral nutrition and reduce Cr uptake in B. juncea seedlings to combat the Cr phytotoxicity and enhance the tolerance against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Handa
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Mohammed N. Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001 India
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