101
|
BRAGARD LCA, SETE MRC, FREITAS-FERNANDES LB, SZTAJNBOK FR, FIGUEREDO CM, VALENTE AP, FIDALGO TKDS, SILVA FDB. Salivary metabolomic profile in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e0128. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
102
|
Robins LI, Keim EK, Robins DB, Edgar JS, Meschke JS, Gafken PR, Williams JF. Modifications of IL-6 by Hypochlorous Acids: Effects on Receptor Binding. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35593-35599. [PMID: 34984290 PMCID: PMC8717532 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory events including those seen with COVID-19 patients. Positive clinical responses to monoclonal antibodies directed against IL-6 receptors (IL-6Rs) suggest that interference with IL-6-dependent activation of pro-inflammatory pathways offers a useful approach to therapy. We exposed IL-6 to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in vitro at concentrations reported to develop in vivo. After HOCl treatment, binding of IL-6 to IL-6R was reduced in a dose-dependent manner using a bioassay with human cells engineered to provide a luminescence response to signal transduction upon receptor activation. Similar results followed the exposure of IL-6 to N-chlorotaurine (NCT) and hypobromous acid (HOBr), two other reactive species produced in vivo. SDS-PAGE analysis of HOCl-treated IL-6 showed little to no fragmentation or aggregation up to 1.75 mM HOCl, suggesting that the modifications induced at concentrations below 1.75 mM took place on the intact protein. Mass spectrometry of trypsin-digested fragments identified oxidative changes to two amino acid residues, methionine 161 and tryptophan 157, both of which have been implicated in receptor binding of the cytokine. Our findings suggest that exogenous HOCl and NCT might bring about beneficial effects in the treatment of COVID-19. Further studies on how HOCl and HOBr and their halogenated amine derivatives interact with IL-6 and related cytokines in vivo may open up alternative therapeutic interventions with these compounds in COVID-19 and other hyperinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lori I. Robins
- Department
of Physical Sciences, University of Washington
Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
- . Tel.: +1(425)352-3208
| | - Erika K. Keim
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Deborah B. Robins
- Issaquah
High School, 700 2nd Ave SE, Issaquah, Washington 98027, United States
| | - John S. Edgar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, H172 Health Science Building, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - John S. Meschke
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Philip R. Gafken
- Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jeffrey F. Williams
- Briotech
Inc., 14120 NE 200th
St, Woodinville, Washington 98072, United States
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Çakıcı ÖU, Dinçer S. The effect of amino acids on the bladder cycle: a concise review. Amino Acids 2021; 54:13-31. [PMID: 34853916 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The human bladder maintains a cycle of filling, storing, and micturating throughout an individual's lifespan. The cycle relies on the ability of the bladder to expand without increasing the intravesical pressure, which is only possible with the controlled relaxation of well-complaint muscles and the congruously organized construction of the bladder wall. A competent bladder outlet, which functions in a synchronous fashion with the bladder, is also necessary for this cycle to be completed successfully without deterioration. In this paper, we aimed to review the contemporary physiological findings on bladder physiology and examine the effects of amino acids on clinical conditions affecting the bladder, with special emphasis on the available therapeutic evidence and possible future roles of the amino acids in the treatment of the bladder-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özer Ural Çakıcı
- Attending Urologist, Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey.
- PhD Candidate in Physiology, Department of Physiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Dinçer
- Professor in Physiology, Department of Physiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Liang Y, Zeng T, Tian J, Yan J, Lan Z, Chen J, Xin X, Lei B, Cai Z. Long-term environmental cadmium exposure induced serum metabolic changes related to renal and liver dysfunctions in a female cohort from Southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149379. [PMID: 34375234 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy mental, has been reported to be correlated with increased incidences of multiple diseases. Only a few studies have paid attention to screen the urine metabolites related to long-term environmental Cd exposure in humans. Research on the Cd exposure-related serum metabolic alternations and biological mechanisms linking Cd exposure to adverse health risks in humans is scanty. In this study, we investigated the serum Cd exposure-related metabolic alternations in a cohort of 101 non-smoking females (two polluted groups and one control group) and 18 Cd exposure-related metabolites were identified. A total of 16 clinical indicators of renal and hepatic functions and bone health were measured. Five health effect biomarkers including serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and albumin to globulin ratio that are related to impaired renal and hepatic functions showed significant differences among the three groups and had close correlations with Cd levels. We identified intermediate metabolites that were associated with both Cd exposure and health effect biomarkers using a "meet-in-the-middle" approach. Fourteen Cd exposure-related metabolites in the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, arachidic acid, linoleic acid and amino acids, were identified to be the intermediates of Cd exposure and the health effect biomarkers. Our findings provided evidence for the linkage of long-term environmental Cd exposure and the renal and hepatic insufficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshan Liang
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519000, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519000, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jinglin Tian
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jiuming Yan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhen Lan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China; Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xiong Xin
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519000, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Surai PF, Earle-Payne K, Kidd MT. Taurine as a Natural Antioxidant: From Direct Antioxidant Effects to Protective Action in Various Toxicological Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1876. [PMID: 34942978 PMCID: PMC8698923 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants have received tremendous attention over the last 3 decades. At the same time, the attitude to free radicals is slowly changing, and their signalling role in adaptation to stress has recently received a lot of attention. Among many different antioxidants in the body, taurine (Tau), a sulphur-containing non-proteinogenic β-amino acid, is shown to have a special place as an important natural modulator of the antioxidant defence networks. Indeed, Tau is synthesised in most mammals and birds, and the Tau requirement is met by both synthesis and food/feed supply. From the analysis of recent data, it could be concluded that the direct antioxidant effect of Tau due to scavenging free radicals is limited and could be expected only in a few mammalian/avian tissues (e.g., heart and eye) with comparatively high (>15-20 mM) Tau concentrations. The stabilising effects of Tau on mitochondria, a prime site of free radical formation, are characterised and deserve more attention. Tau deficiency has been shown to compromise the electron transport chain in mitochondria and significantly increase free radical production. It seems likely that by maintaining the optimal Tau status of mitochondria, it is possible to control free radical production. Tau's antioxidant protective action is of great importance in various stress conditions in human life, and is related to commercial animal and poultry production. In various in vitro and in vivo toxicological models, Tau showed AO protective effects. The membrane-stabilizing effects, inhibiting effects on ROS-producing enzymes, as well as the indirect AO effects of Tau via redox balance maintenance associated with the modulation of various transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2 and NF-κB) and vitagenes could also contribute to its protective action in stress conditions, and thus deserve more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Biochemistry and Physiology Department, Saint-Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Katie Earle-Payne
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Renfrewshire Health and Social Care Centre, 10 Ferry Road, Renfrew PA4 8RU, UK;
| | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Matrix-Induced Silver Ions against Antibiotic-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111094. [PMID: 34832878 PMCID: PMC8621581 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, drug-resistant bacterial infections, especially ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.), have become a critical health issue worldwide, highlighting the emerging need for novel antibacterial agents. In this study, silver nanoparticles were extracted from silver-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG-Ag) using four different matrixes, including water, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), tryptic soy broth (TSB), and taurine (Tau). The inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) results demonstrated that the silver concentration of Tau-Ag was the highest among the four matrixes. The Tau-Ag was also observed to have 87.35% silver ions in its X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) spectra. The micrograph of transmission electron microscope (TEM) displayed a uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles, which was confined in a smaller size compared to that in TSB-Ag. Moreover, the peak shifts observed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectrum implied that the -SO32− and -NH groups in taurine may interact with silver. A low cytotoxicity was noted for Tau-Ag, with approximately 70% of cells surviving at 0.63 mg/mL. Compared to the other three matrix-induced silver agents, Tau-Ag represented a better antibacterial effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.63 mg/mL and a postponed growth of 0.31 mg/mL observed. Further antibacterial examinations illustrated the presence of remarkable antibacterial activities against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus feacium, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Given our observations and multiple bioactive functions of taurine (prevent patients from inflammation and oxidative-stress injuries), we anticipate that taurine matrix-induced silver ions would be a biomedical material with a high potential for combatting drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens.
Collapse
|
107
|
Li Y, Xia Y, Yin S, Wan F, Hu J, Kou L, Sun Y, Wu J, Zhou Q, Huang J, Xiong N, Wang T. Targeting Microglial α-Synuclein/TLRs/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis in Parkinson's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719807. [PMID: 34691027 PMCID: PMC8531525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
According to emerging studies, the excessive activation of microglia and the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact mechanisms governing chronic neuroinflammation remain elusive. Findings demonstrate an elevated level of NLRP3 inflammasome in activated microglia in the substantia nigra of PD patients. Activated NLRP3 inflammasome aggravates the pathology and accelerates the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal protein aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), a pathologically relevant protein of PD, were reported to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome of microglia through interaction with toll-like receptors (TLRs). This eventually releases pro-inflammatory cytokines through the translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and causes an impairment of mitochondria, thus damaging the dopaminergic neurons. Currently, therapeutic drugs for PD are primarily aimed at providing relief from its clinical symptoms, and there are no well-established strategies to halt or reverse this disease. In this review, we aimed to update existing knowledge on the role of the α-syn/TLRs/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis and microglial activation in PD. In addition, this review summarizes recent progress on the α-syn/TLRs/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome axis of microglia as a potential target for PD treatment by inhibiting microglial activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yadi Sun
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Yang Y, Qian J, Li B, Lu M, Le G, Xie Y. Metabolomics Based on 1H-NMR Reveal the Regulatory Mechanisms of Dietary Methionine Restriction on Splenic Metabolic Dysfunction in Obese Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102439. [PMID: 34681487 PMCID: PMC8535630 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) has been reported to have many beneficial health effects, including stress resistance enhancement and lifespan extension. However, the effects of MR on the splenic metabolic dysfunction induced by obesity in mice remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the scientific problem and clarify its possible mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice in the control group were fed a control diet (0.86% methionine, 4.2% fat) for 34 weeks, and others were fed a high-fat diet (0.86% methionine, 24% fat) for 10 weeks to establish diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse models. Then, the obtained DIO mice were randomly divided into two groups: the DIO group (DIO diet), the DIO + MR group (0.17% methionine, 24% fat) for 24 weeks. Our results indicated that MR decreased spleen weight, and spleen and plasma lipid profiles, promoted lipid catabolism and fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, and improved mitochondrial function and ATP generation in the spleen. Moreover, MR normalized the splenic redox state and inflammation-related metabolite levels, and increased plasma levels of immunoglobulins. Furthermore, MR increased percent lean mass and splenic crude protein levels, activated the autophagy pathway and elevated nucleotide synthesis to maintain protein synthesis in the spleen. These findings indicate that MR can ameliorate metabolic dysfunction by reducing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the spleen, and the mechanism may be the activation of autophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Q.); (M.L.)
| | - Jing Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Q.); (M.L.)
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Manman Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Q.); (M.L.)
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (B.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Q.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-371-6775-8022
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
A new therapeutic horizon in diaper dermatitis: Novel agents with novel action. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:466-470. [PMID: 34621960 PMCID: PMC8484940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This review looks at novel combinations of topical agents (i.e., zinc gluconate, zinc oxide, dexpanthenol, and taurine) that target a combination of mechanisms in diaper dermatitis. Methods A literature search of published studies was conducted using the search terms "diaper dermatitis", "treatment of diaper dermatitis in infants", "treatment of diaper dermatitis in adults", "nonsteroidal", "nonantibiotic", "antiinflammatory", "moisturizer", and "treatment for irritation". A total of 207 related articles were screened, and those categorized as clinical trials and reviews were studied and compared. Articles with common themes were categorized, summarized, and presented herein. Results Diaper dermatitis, also referred to as diaper rash, napkin dermatitis, and nappy rash, is the most common skin eruption in infants and toddlers. In the last several years, there have been several technologic advances in diaper design to lessen the severity of diaper dermatitis symptoms. However, due to the unique environment of the diaper area, children and adults continue to have recurring symptoms of diaper dermatitis. Both commercially available products and certain home remedies are considered effective for managing sensitive and delicate skin in the diaper area. These topical agents create a protective barrier over the skin and reduce the impact of external irritants, which cause the reddening and burning sensation often associated with diaper dermatitis. Conclusion A range of therapeutic strategies for preventing and controlling diaper dermatitis are summarized in this manuscript.
Collapse
|
110
|
Guo Y, Xu D, Fang Z, Xu S, Liu J, Xu Z, Zhou J, Bu Z, Zhao Y, He J, Yang X, Pan W, Shen Y, Sun F. Metabolomics Analysis of Splenic CD19 + B Cells in Mice Chronically Infected With Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato Protoscoleces. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:718743. [PMID: 34552973 PMCID: PMC8450515 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.718743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l) infection can alter B cell function and affect host anti-infective immunity, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The newly emerging immunometabolism highlights that several metabolites are key factors in determining the fate of immune cells, which provides a new insight for exploring how larval E. granulosus s.l. infection remodels B cell function. This study investigated the metabolomic profiles of B cells in mice infected with E. granulosus s.l. protoscoleces (PSC). Results:Total CD19+ B cells, purified from the spleen of infected mice, showed significantly increased production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 after exposure to LPS in vitro. Moreover, the mRNA expression of metabolism related enzymes in B cells was remarkably disordered post infection. In addition, differential metabolites were identified in B cells after infection. There were 340 differential metabolites (83 upregulated and 257 downregulated metabolites) identified in the positive ion model, and 216 differential metabolites (97 upregulated and 119 downregulated metabolites) identified in the negative ion mode. Among these, 64 differential metabolites were annotated and involved in 68 metabolic pathways, including thyroid hormone synthesis, the metabolic processes of glutathione, fructose, mannose, and glycerophospholipid. Furthermore, several differential metabolites such as glutathione, taurine, and inosine were validated to regulate the cytokine production in LPS stimulated B cells. Conclusion:Infection with the larval E. granulosus s.l. causes metabolic reprogramming in the intrinsic B cells of mice, which provides the first evidence for understanding the role and mechanism of B cells in parasite anti-infective immunity from the viewpoint of immunometabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Daxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shiping Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jikai Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Bu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jingmei He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Basic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Madbouly N, Azmy A, Salama A, El-Amir A. The nephroprotective properties of taurine-amikacin treatment in rats are mediated through HSP25 and TLR-4 regulation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:580-592. [PMID: 34253885 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amikacin (AMK) is one of the most effective aminoglycoside antibiotics. However, nephrotoxicity is a major deleterious and dose-limiting side effect associated with its clinical use especially in high dose AMK-treated patients. The present study assessed the ability of taurine (TAU) to alleviate or prevent AMK-induced nephrotoxicity if co-administrated with AMK focusing on inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to six equal groups. Group 1: rats received saline (normal control), group 2: normal rats received 50 mg kg-1 TAU intraperitoneally (i.p.). Groups 3 and 4: received AMK (25 or 50 mg kg-1; i.p.). Groups 5 and 6: received TAU (50 mg kg-1; i.p.) concurrently with AMK (25 or 50 mg kg-1; i.p.) for 3 weeks. AMK-induced nephrotoxicity is evidenced by elevated levels of serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA). Histopathological investigations provoked damaging changes in the renal tissues. Heat shock proteins (HSP)25 and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) elevated levels were involved in the induction of inflammatory reactions and focal fibrosis. The improved activation of TLR-4 may stimulate monocytes to upgrade Interleukin (IL)-18 production rather than IL-10. TAU proved therapeutic effectiveness against AMK-induced renal toxicity through downregulation of HSP25, TLR-4, caspase-3, and IL-18 with up-regulation of IL-10 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Madbouly
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Azmy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza El-Amir
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
A Blood Biomarker for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Shows That Oxidation State of Albumin Correlates with Protein Oxidation and Damage in Mdx Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081241. [PMID: 34439489 PMCID: PMC8389308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked muscle wasting disease with no cure. While the precise mechanisms of progressive dystropathology remain unclear, oxidative stress caused by excessive generation of oxidants is strongly implicated. Blood biomarkers that could track oxidant levels in tissues would be valuable to measure the effectiveness of clinical treatments for DMD; our research has focused on developing such biomarkers. One target of oxidants that has the potential to be harnessed as a clinical biomarker is the thiol side chain of cysteine 34 (Cys34) of the blood protein albumin. This study using the mdx mouse model of DMD shows that in plasma, albumin Cys34 undergoes thiol oxidation and these changes correlate with levels of protein thiol oxidation and damage of the dystrophic muscles. A comparison with the commonly used biomarker protein carbonylation, confirmed that albumin thiol oxidation is the more sensitive plasma biomarker of oxidative stress occurring in muscle tissue. We show that plasma albumin oxidation reflects muscle dystropathology, as increased after exercise and decreased after taurine treatment of mdx mice. These data support the use of albumin thiol oxidation as a blood biomarker of dystropathology to assist with advancing clinical development of therapies for DMD.
Collapse
|
113
|
Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, Christodoulou I, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:605. [PMID: 34184084 PMCID: PMC8240184 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a fundamental mediator of homeostasis that exerts multiple roles to confer protection against oxidant stress. The development of hypertension, muscle/neuro‑associated disorders, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiac dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion are examples of some injuries that are linked with oxidative stress. The present review gives a comprehensive description of all the underlying mechanisms of taurine, with the aim to explain its anti‑oxidant actions. Taurine is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule due to its ability to sustain normal electron transport chain, maintain glutathione stores, upregulate anti‑oxidant responses, increase membrane stability, eliminate inflammation and prevent calcium accumulation. In parallel, the synergistic effect of taurine with other potential therapeutic modalities in multiple disorders are highlighted. Apart from the results derived from research findings, the current review bridges the gap between bench and bedside, providing mechanistic insights into the biological activity of taurine that supports its potential therapeutic efficacy in clinic. In the future, further clinical studies are required to support the ameliorative effect of taurine against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
114
|
Kim S, Kim HJ, Song Y, Lee HA, Kim S, Chung J. Metabolic phenotyping of saliva to identify possible biomarkers of periodontitis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1240-1249. [PMID: 34189748 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to propose biomarker candidates for periodontitis via untargeted metabolomics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metabolic profiling was performed using saliva samples from 92 healthy controls (H) and 129 periodontitis patients (P) in the discovery cohort using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Random forest was applied to identify metabolites that significantly differentiated the control group from the periodontitis group. Candidate metabolites were then validated in an independent validation cohort. RESULTS In the discovery set, the metabolic profiles of the P group were clearly separated from those of the H group. A total of 31 metabolites were identified in saliva, and 7 metabolites were selected as candidate biomarkers. These metabolites were further confirmed in the validation set. Ethanol, taurine, isovalerate, butyrate, and glucose were finally confirmed as biomarkers. Furthermore, the biomarker panel showed more than 0.9 of the area under curve value in both discovery and validation sets, indicating that panels were more effective than individual metabolites for diagnosing periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS We identified five metabolite biomarkers that discriminated patients with periodontitis from healthy controls in two independent cohorts. These biomarkers have the potential for periodontal screening, detection of periodontitis, and monitoring of the outcome of periodontal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seonghye Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Translational Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Song
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Bai X, Yang T, Putz AM, Wang Z, Li C, Fortin F, Harding JCS, Dyck MK, Dekkers JCM, Field CJ, Plastow GS. Investigating the genetic architecture of disease resilience in pigs by genome-wide association studies of complete blood count traits collected from a natural disease challenge model. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:535. [PMID: 34256695 PMCID: PMC8278769 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic improvement for disease resilience is anticipated to be a practical method to improve efficiency and profitability of the pig industry, as resilient pigs maintain a relatively undepressed level of performance in the face of infection. However, multiple biological functions are known to be involved in disease resilience and this complexity means that the genetic architecture of disease resilience remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 465,910 autosomal SNPs for complete blood count (CBC) traits that are important in an animal’s disease response. The aim was to identify the genetic control of disease resilience. Results Univariate and multivariate single-step GWAS were performed on 15 CBC traits measured from the blood samples of 2743 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows drawn at 2-weeks before, and at 2 and 6-weeks after exposure to a polymicrobial infectious challenge. Overall, at a genome-wise false discovery rate of 0.05, five genomic regions located on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 2, SSC4, SSC9, SSC10, and SSC12, were significantly associated with white blood cell traits in response to the polymicrobial challenge, and nine genomic regions on multiple chromosomes (SSC1, SSC4, SSC5, SSC6, SSC8, SSC9, SSC11, SSC12, SSC17) were significantly associated with red blood cell and platelet traits collected before and after exposure to the challenge. By functional enrichment analyses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and literature review of previous CBC studies, candidate genes located nearby significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be involved in immune response, hematopoiesis, red blood cell morphology, and platelet aggregation. Conclusions This study helps to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of CBC traits collected before and after exposure to a polymicrobial infectious challenge and provides a step forward to improve disease resilience. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07835-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Bai
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tianfu Yang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Current: ST Genetics, Navasota, TX, USA
| | - Austin M Putz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Changxi Li
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fortin
- Centre de Développement du Porc du Québec, Inc., Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael K Dyck
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Catherine J Field
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graham S Plastow
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Li C, Li K, Xu X, Qi W, Hu X, Jin P. A pilot study for colorectal carcinoma screening by instant metabolomic profiles using conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166210. [PMID: 34246751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid and accurate discrimination of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and polyps at the molecular level enables early intervention of CRC, which can greatly improve the 5-year survival rate of patients. Here we reported the potential of conductive polymer spray ionization mass spectrometry (CPSI-MS) in successfully screening CRC according to the serum metabolic profile. METHODS Trace intravenous blood (50 μL) was collected from 60 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and 60 polyp patients, respectively. After centrifugation, serum (2 μL) was loaded onto the tip of conductive polymer to form a dried serum spot. When the 5 μL methanol-water (1:1, v/v) extraction solvent was spiked onto the dried serum spot followed with +4.5 kV high voltage applied on the polymer tip, the extracted components will be ionized and carried into the MS system for direct metabolic profiling. FINDINGS There were 51 metabolites discovered to be significantly changed in CRC serum compared to polyps. Combining these metabolites as the characteristic panel, the ideal diagnostic performance was achieved by Lasso regression model with the accuracy of 88.3%. INTERPRETATION This pilot study demonstrated the potential of CPSI-MS as a cost-effective tool in large-scale CRC screening in the high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kexin Li
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenyuan Qi
- National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China; National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Wang Y, Ding F, Sun X, Chen S, Huang H, Chen H. A reaction-based colorimetric and ratiometric chemosensor for imaging identification of HClO in live cells, mung bean sprouts, and paper strips. Talanta 2021; 234:122655. [PMID: 34364464 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) as well as its ionic form (ClO-), representative of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are essential players in all sorts of biological processes. The abnormal level of each can lead to the onset of various diseases. Besides, Sodium hypochlorite, a commonly-used bleaching agent in our daily lives, could also result in breathing and skin problems when overexposed. Therefore, developing a molecular chemosensor for sensing HClO is of biological and environmental importance. Though many such chemosensors have been reported, new HClO chemosensors with different sensing performances may still come in handy in certain situations. In this work, we have developed a new coumarin-based chemosensor, CM-hbt, for realizing both ratiometric and colorimetric imaging detection of HClO in live cells. Notably, we further explored its application in sensing HClO in plant mung beans as well as fabricated an easy-to-use paper strip apparatus for facilitating its quick detection, which is seldomly seen in other HClO chemosensors. All the analysis results confirmed the high sensitivity and selectivity of this novel chemosensor. DFT calculations were used to decipher the underlying sensing mechanism of CM-hbt. Overall, this work presents a novel chemosensor, CM-hbt, as a colorimetric and ratiometric chemosensor for realizing imaging detection of HClO in a variety of different model systems, which highlights its broad spectrum of application potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Sun
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shijin Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China
| | - Huarong Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Manzini R, Schwarzfischer M, Bircher A, Niechcial A, Vavricka SR, Atrott K, Lang S, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Energy Drink Administration Ameliorates Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Defects and Reduces Acute DSS Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1139-1152. [PMID: 33501991 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise in the prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases in the past decades coincides with changes in nutritional habits, such as adaptation of a Western diet. However, it is largely unknown how certain nutritional habits, such as energy drink consumption, affect intestinal inflammation. Here, we assessed the effect of energy drink supplementation on the development of intestinal inflammation in vitro and in vivo. METHODS HT-29 and T84 intestinal epithelial cells and THP-1 monocytic cells were treated with IFNγ in presence or absence of different concentrations of an energy drink. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by addition of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to drinking water with or without supplementation of the energy drink. RESULTS Energy drink supplementation caused a dose-dependent decrease in IFNγ-induced epithelial barrier permeability, which was accompanied by upregulation of the pore-forming protein claudin-2. Administration of the energy drink reduced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from HT-29, T84, and THP-1 cells. In vivo, energy drink administration reduced clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis and epithelial barrier permeability. Endoscopic and histologic colitis scores and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced by energy drink co-administration. CONCLUSION Energy drink consumption seems to exert an unexpected anti-inflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo in our experimental setting. However, our experimental approach focuses on intestinal inflammation and neglects additional effects of energy drink consumption on the body (eg, on metabolism or sleep). Therefore, the translation of our findings into the human situation must be taken with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Manzini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Bircher
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Niechcial
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrated Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Massalska MA, Gober HJ. How Children Are Protected From COVID-19? A Historical, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Approach to Address COVID-19 Susceptibility. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646894. [PMID: 34177895 PMCID: PMC8226076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin and the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020 was accompanied by high rates of mortality in regions belonging to the ancient silk road, such as the south of China, Iran, Turkey and the northern parts of Italy. However, children seem to be spared in the epidemic as very small percentage worldwide being ill. The protection of children and neonates suggests the involvement of a specific component of adaptive immunity present at early development. Native immunoglobulin belonging to the class of IgM is abundantly present in neonates and children and is known for its recognition of self- and altered self-antigens. Native IgM may be able to neutralize virus by the recognition of endogenous "danger signal" encoded in the viral envelope and originally imprinted in the membranes of infected and stressed cells. Noteworthy, thrombosis and vasculitis, two symptoms in severely affected adult and pediatric patients are shared between COVID-19 and patients with Behcet's disease, an autoimmune disorder exhibiting a region-specific prevalence in countries of the former silk road. Molecular mechanisms and clinical indicators suggest reactive oxygen species as trigger factor for severe progression of COVID-19 and establish a link to the innate immune defense against bacteria. The selective pressure exerted by bacterial pathogens may have shaped the genetics of inhabitants at this ancient trade route in favor of bacterial defense, to the detriment of severe COVID-19 progression in the 21th century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Anna Massalska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
120
|
Taurine ameliorates thioacetamide induced liver fibrosis in rats via modulation of toll like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12296. [PMID: 34112866 PMCID: PMC8192756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a significant health problem that can cause serious illness and death. Unfortunately, a standard treatment for liver fibrosis has not been approved yet due to its complicated pathogenesis. The current study aimed at assessing the anti-fibrotic effect of taurine against thioacetamide induced liver fibrosis in rats through the modulation of toll like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Both concomitant and late taurine treatment (100 mg/kg, IP, daily) significantly reduced the rise in serum ALT and AST activities and significantly reversed the decrease in serum albumin and total protein. These results were confirmed by histopathological examinations and immunehistochemical inspection of α-SMA, caspase-3 and NF-κB. The antioxidant potential of taurine was verified by a marked increase of GSH content and a reduction of MDA level in liver tissue. The anti-fibrotic effects of taurine were evaluated by investigating the expression of TLR4, NF-κB. The protein levels of IL-6, LPS, MyD88, MD2, CD14, TGF-β1 and TNF-α were determined. Docking studies were carried out to understand how taurine interacts inside TLR4-MD2 complex and it showed good binding with the hydrophobic binding site of MD2. We concluded that the anti-fibrotic effect of taurine was attributable to the modulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
|
121
|
Wu L, Zhang Q, Li Y, Song W, Chen A, Liu J, Xuan X. Collagen sponge prolongs taurine release for improved wound healing through inflammation inhibition and proliferation stimulation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1010. [PMID: 34277810 PMCID: PMC8267268 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Attenuating oxidative stress response is an effective strategy for the treatment of wounds. Taurine is a widely abundant amino acid in mammal species, capable of inhibiting oxygen-free radicals during the inflammation phase. Methods A novel taurine carried biocompatible composite collagen-derived sponge, Tau@Col, was fabricated for the treatment of a full-thickness removal mouse wounds model. In vitro experiments included taurine release from Tau@Col and cell viability when co-cultured with Tau@Col. With the prolonged release of taurine upon the wound site, Tau@Col was engineered to perform well in the wound site through inflammation inhibition and proliferation stimulation as demonstrated by a series of histological staining. Results In vitro taurine release profile and good cell biocompatibility of Tau@Col were demonstrated. In vivo studies showed that Tau@Col indeed sped up the process of wound regeneration through enhanced granulation formation, collagen deposition as well as re-epithelialization. Further investigations through immunofluorescence staining revealed that the improved wound healing ability of Tau@Col was mediated by the enhanced cell proliferation via the upregulation of endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) expression as well as decreased inflammatory response through stimulated M2 polarization of macrophages. Conclusions This engineered Tau@Col delivery system has great potential as a wound dressing in future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuan Xuan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
He Z, Liu Z, Gong L. Biomarker identification and pathway analysis of rheumatoid arthritis based on metabolomics in combination with ingenuity pathway analysis. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100037. [PMID: 33969925 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune and inflammatory disease worldwide, but understanding its pathogenesis is still limited. In this study, plasma untargeted metabolomics of a discovery cohort and targeted analysis of a verification cohort were performed by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were utilized to reveal differential metabolites, followed by the construction of biomarker panel through random forest (RF) algorithm. The pathways involved in RA were enriched by differential metabolites using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) suite. Untargeted metabolomics revealed eighteen significantly altered metabolites in RA. Among these metabolites, a three-metabolite marker panel consisting of L-cysteine, citric acid and L-glutamine was constructed, using random forest algorithm that could predict RA with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity based on a multivariate exploratory receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The panel was further validated by support vector machine (SVM) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) algorithms, and also verified with targeted metabolomics using a verification cohort. Additionally, the dysregulated taurine biosynthesis pathway in RA was revealed by an integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics. Our findings in this study not only provided a mechanism underlying RA pathogenesis, but also offered alternative therapeutic targets for RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoru He
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Gong
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Topically Applied Taurine Chloramine Protects against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mouse Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060867. [PMID: 34071363 PMCID: PMC8229643 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to solar light, especially its UV component, is a principal cause of photoaging, dermatitis, and photocarcinogenesis. In searching for candidate substances that can effectively protect the skin from photodamage, the present study was conducted with taurine chloramine (TauCl), formed from taurine in phagocytes recruited to inflamed tissue. Irradiation with ultraviolet B (UVB) of 180 mJ/cm2 intensity caused oxidative damage and apoptotic cell death in the murine epidermis. These events were blunted by topically applied TauCl, as evidenced by the lower level of 4-hydroxynonenal-modified protein, reduced proportions of TUNEL-positive epidermal cells, and suppression of caspase-3 cleavage. In addition, the expression of two prototypic inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and transcription of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf, Il6, Il1b, Il10) were significantly lower in TauCl-treated mice than vehicle-treated control mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of TauCl was associated with inhibition of STAT3 activation and induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, through activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.
Collapse
|
124
|
Khodayar MJ, Kalantari H, Khorsandi L, Ahangar N, Samimi A, Alidadi H. Taurine attenuates valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis signaling in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4153-4162. [PMID: 34032977 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is known as a common drug in seizure and bipolar disorders treatment. Hepatotoxicity is the most important complication of VPA. Taurine (Tau), an amino acid, has antioxidant effects. The present research was conducted to evaluate the protective mechanisms of Tau on VPA-induced liver injury, especially focusing on the necroptosis signaling pathway. The sixty-four male NMRI mice were divided into eight groups with eight animals per each. The experiment groups pretreated with Tau (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg) and necrostatine-1 (Nec-1, 1.8 mg/kg) and then VPA (500 mg/kg) was administered for 14 consecutive days. The extent of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed by elevated ALP (alkaline phosphatase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels, and histological changes as steatosis, accumulation of erythrocytes, and inflammation. Additionally, VPA significantly induced oxidative stress in the hepatic tissue by increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and lipid peroxidation level along with decreasing GSH (glutathione). Hepatic TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor) level, mRNA and protein expression of RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1), RIPK3, and MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase) were upregulated. Also, the phosphorylation of MLKL and RIPK3 increased in the VPA group. Tau could effectively reverse these events. Our data suggest which necroptosis has a key role in the toxicity of VPA through TNF-α-mediated RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling and oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that Tau protects the liver tissue against VPA toxicity via inhibiting necroptosis signaling pathway mediated by RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL and suppressing oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nematollah Ahangar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Azin Samimi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Legal Medicine Office of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadis Alidadi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Shi D, Tan Q, Ruan J, Tian Z, Wang X, Liu J, Liu X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Sun C, Niu Y. Aging-related markers in rat urine revealed by dynamic metabolic profiling using machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14322-14341. [PMID: 34016789 PMCID: PMC8202887 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The process of aging and metabolism is intimately intertwined; thus, developing biomarkers related to metabolism is critical for delaying aging. However, few studies have identified reliable markers that reflect aging trajectories based on machine learning. We generated metabolomic profiles from rat urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. This was dynamically collected at four stages of the rat's age (20, 50, 75, and 100 weeks) for both the training and test groups. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plots revealed a perfect separation trajectory in one direction with increasing age in the training and test groups. We further screened 25 aging-related biomarkers through the combination of four algorithms (VIP, time-series, LASSO, and SVM-RFE) in the training group. They were validated in the test group with an area under the curve of 1. Finally, six metabolites, known or novel aging-related markers, were identified, including epinephrine, glutarylcarnitine, L-kynurenine, taurine, 3-hydroxydodecanedioic acid, and N-acetylcitrulline. We also found that, except for N-acetylcitrulline (p < 0.05), the identified aging-related metabolites did not differ between tumor-free and tumor-bearing rats at 100 weeks (p > 0.05). Our findings reveal the metabolic trajectories of aging and provide novel biomarkers as potential therapeutic antiaging targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shi
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qilong Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jingqi Ruan
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhen Tian
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jinxiao Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yucun Niu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Dall'Oglio F, Musumeci ML, Puglisi DF, Micali G. A novel treatment of diaper dermatitis in children and adults. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20 Suppl 1:1-4. [PMID: 33934478 PMCID: PMC8252753 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Diaper dermatitis (DD) is an acute inflammatory reaction, regardless of the cause, of the diaper‐covered area. Topical skin barrier repair cosmetic products are the mainstay treatment to cure and/or prevent DD. Aims To assess the efficacy/tolerability of a zinc gluconate‐taurine/zinc oxide and panthenol/ glycerin/ Butyrospermum parkii butter barrier cream using clinical evaluation. Methods In this prospective, open‐label trial, 20 patients (10 infants/10 adults), with mild/moderate DD enrolled at the Dermatology University Clinic of Catania (Italy) were instructed to apply the cream twice daily for 30 days. Degree of erythema was performed clinically by a 5‐point severity scale (from 0 = no erythema to 4 = severe erythema), at baseline, at 15 and 30 days. An Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) using a 6‐point scale (from −1 = worsening to 4 = complete response/clear) along with product tolerability was also performed at 15 and 30 days. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9. Results At 15 days, a reduction of clinical erythema assessment (CEA) from baseline was observed (mean from 3.2 ± 0.8 to 2.5 ± 0.3; p < 0.06), that although nonsignificant, showed a significant progressive improvement at 30 days (mean from 3.2 ± 0.8 to 1.1 ± 0.9; p < 0.0001) without any age differences. Conclusions Our preliminary results indicate that the tested barrier cream may represent a promising approach in DD rash. It may be used in mild‐to‐moderate forms in monotherapy without significant side effects or, where required, in association with pharmacological agents. Its long‐term use is likely safe.
Collapse
|
127
|
Tramonti A, Contestabile R, Florio R, Nardella C, Barile A, Di Salvo ML. A Novel, Easy Assay Method for Human Cysteine Sulfinic Acid Decarboxylase. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:438. [PMID: 34068845 PMCID: PMC8153620 DOI: 10.3390/life11050438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase catalyzes the last step of taurine biosynthesis in mammals, and belongs to the fold type I superfamily of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is the most abundant free amino acid in animal tissues; it is highly present in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain, and plays numerous biological and physiological roles. Despite the importance of taurine in human health, human cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase has been poorly characterized at the biochemical level, although its three-dimensional structure has been solved. In the present work, we have recombinantly expressed and purified human cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase, and applied a simple spectroscopic direct method based on circular dichroism to measure its enzymatic activity. This method gives a significant advantage in terms of simplicity and reduction of execution time with respect to previously used assays, and will facilitate future studies on the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. We determined the kinetic constants using L-cysteine sulfinic acid as substrate, and also showed that human cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase is capable to catalyze the decarboxylation-besides its natural substrates L-cysteine sulfinic acid and L-cysteic acid-of L-aspartate and L-glutamate, although with much lower efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tramonti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.T.); (A.B.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Roberto Contestabile
- Istituto Pasteur Italia–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Rita Florio
- European Brain Research Institute, Fondazione “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur Italia–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Anna Barile
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (A.T.); (A.B.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (C.N.)
| | - Martino L. Di Salvo
- Istituto Pasteur Italia–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (C.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Verzì AE, Nasca MR, Dall'Oglio F, Cosentino C, Micali G. A novel treatment of intertrigo in athletes and overweight subjects. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20 Suppl 1:23-27. [PMID: 33934472 PMCID: PMC8252709 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Intertrigo is a recurrent inflammatory dermatosis involving large/small body folds. Skin barrier products represent the mainstay of treatment in uncomplicated mild/moderate intertrigo. Aims To assess by clinical and instrumental evaluation the efficacy and tolerability of a new barrier spray containing zinc gluconate‐taurine complex and zinc oxide combined with panthenol, glycerin, and Shea (Butyrospermum parkii) butter in mild‐to‐moderate intertrigo in athletes and overweight subjects. Methods In this open‐label prospective trial, 20 adult patients, with mild/moderate intertrigo enrolled at the Dermatology University Clinic of Catania (Italy), were instructed to apply the spray twice daily for 30 days. Degree of erythema was performed clinically and by polarized dermoscopy using a 5‐point severity scale (from 0=no erythema to 4=severe erythema) at baseline, and at 15 and 30 days. The measurement of pruritus was carried out by a subject‐completed visual analog scale (VAS) (from 0 mm=no pruritus to 100 mm=severe pruritus), at all time points. An Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) using a 6‐point scale (from −1=worsening to 4=complete response/clear) was also conducted at 30 days, along with a self‐administered tolerability questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9. Results At 15 days, a statically significant reduction from baseline in erythema severity (mean from 3.4 ± 0.3 to 2.5 ± 0.2) along with pruritus intensity (mean from 70 ± 15.4 mm to 40 ± 9.5 mm) was observed. At 30 days, all evaluated parameters showed a further progressive statistically significant reduction from baseline. No relevant side effects were recorded. Conclusions Our results suggest that the tested spay containing antiseptic/anti‐inflammatory and anti‐irritation agents may represent a valid therapeutic option for mild/moderate intertrigo.
Collapse
|
129
|
Terrill JR, Webb SM, Arthur PG, Hackett MJ. Investigation of the effect of taurine supplementation on muscle taurine content in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy using chemically specific synchrotron imaging. Analyst 2021; 145:7242-7251. [PMID: 32893271 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal genetic muscle wasting disorder, which currently has no cure. Supplementation with the drug taurine has been shown to offer therapeutic benefit in the mdx model for DMD, however the mechanism by which taurine protects dystrophic muscle is not fully understood. Mdx muscle is deficient in taurine, however it is not known if this deficiency occurs in the extracellular space, in other cells present in the tissue (such as immune cells) or in the myofibre itself. Likewise, the tissue location of taurine enrichment in taurine treated mdx muscle is not known. In this study we applied X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the sulfur K-edge in an imaging format to determine taurine distribution in muscle tissue. XANES is the only technique currently capable of imaging taurine directly in muscle tissue, at a spatial resolution approaching myocyte cell size (20-50 μm). Using a multi-modal approach of XANES imaging and histology on the same tissue sections, we show that in mdx muscle, it is the myofibres that are deficient in taurine, and taurine supplementation ameliorates this deficiency. Increasing the taurine content of mdx myofibres was associated with a decrease in myofibre damage (as shown by the percentage of intact myofibres) and inflammation. These data will help drive future studies to better elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which taurine protects dystrophic muscle; they also support the continued investigation of taurine as a therapeutic intervention for DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia AUS 6009, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Ploner C, Rauchenwald T, Connolly CE, Joehrer K, Rainer J, Seifarth C, Hermann M, Nagl M, Lobenwein S, Wilflingseder D, Cappellano G, Morandi EM, Pierer G. Oxidant therapy improves adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in human wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:280. [PMID: 33971957 PMCID: PMC8111898 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and adipocytes are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which have been extensively described in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots over the past two decades. However, much less is known about ASC and adipocytes outside classical fat tissue depots and their necessity in tissue remodeling after injury. Therefore, we investigated the etiology of adipocytes in human granulation tissue and define their possible role wound healing. Methods Identification of human wound tissue adipocytes was determined by immunohistochemical staining of granulation tissue sections from patients undergoing surgical debridement. Stromal cell fractions from granulation tissue and subcutaneous fat tissue were generated by collagenase type II-based protocols. Pro- and anti-inflammatory wound bed conditions were mimicked by THP1- and CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophage models in vitro. Effects of macrophage secretome on ASC differentiation and metabolism were determined by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and microscopy assessing early and late adipocyte differentiation states. Functional rescuing experiments were conducted by lentiviral transduction of wildtype PPARG, IL1RA, and N-chlorotaurine (NCT) treatment. Results Single and clustered adipocyte populations were detected in 11 out of 13 granulation tissue specimens and single-cell suspensions from granulation tissue showed adipogenic differentiation potential. Pro-inflammatory signaling by IFNG/LPS-stimulated macrophages (M (IFNG/LPS)) inhibited the maturation of lipid droplets in differentiated ASC. In contrast, anti-inflammatory IL4/IL13-activated macrophages (M (IL4/IL13)) revealed minor effects on adipocyte development. The M (IFNG/LPS)-induced phenotype was associated with a switch from endogenous fatty acid synthesis to glycolysis-dominated cell metabolism and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Impaired adipogenesis was associated with increased, but seemingly non-functional, CEBPB levels, which failed to induce downstream PPARG and CEBPA. Neither transgenic PPARG overexpression, nor inhibition of IL1B was sufficient to rescue the anti-adipogenic effects induced by IFNG/LPS-activated macrophages. Instead, macrophage co-treatment during stimulation with NCT, a mild oxidant produced by activated granulocytes present in human wounds in vivo, significantly attenuated the anti-adipogenic effects. Conclusions In conclusion, the appearance of adipocytes in wound tissue indicates a prevailing anti-inflammatory environment that could be promoted by NCT treatment and may be associated with improved healing outcomes. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02336-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ploner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Tina Rauchenwald
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Catherine E Connolly
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Joehrer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Rainer
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christof Seifarth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Nagl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Lobenwein
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Evi M Morandi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Ortiz CN, Torres-Reverón A, Appleyard CB. Metabolomics in endometriosis: challenges and perspectives for future studies. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2021; 2:R35-R50. [PMID: 35128453 PMCID: PMC8812441 DOI: 10.1530/raf-20-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex disease characterized by inflammation and the growth of endometrial- like glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. The pathophysiology of endometriosis is not entirely understood, however, with a prevalence of ~10% of women in their reproductive years, the disease symptoms significantly affect the quality of life of millions of women globally. Metabolomic studies have previously identified specific metabolites that could be a signature of endometriosis. This approach could potentially be used as a non-invasive tool for early diagnosis and provide a better understanding of endometriosis pathophysiology. This review aims to provide insight as to how endometriosis affects the metabolome by reviewing different studies that have used this approach to design follow-up studies. The search query included the term 'endometriosis' in combination with 'metabolomics', 'lipidomics', or 'sphingolipidomics' published between 2012 and 2020. We included studies in humans and animal models. Most studies reported differences in the metabolome of subjects with endometriosis in comparison to healthy controls and used samples taken from serum, endometrial tissue, follicular fluid, urine, peritoneal fluid, or endometrial fluid. Statistically significant metabolites contributed to group separation between patients and healthy controls. Reported metabolites included amino acids, lipids, organic acids, and other organic compounds. Differences in methods, analytical techniques, and the presence of confounding factors can interfere with results and interpretation of data. Metabolomics seems to be a promising tool for identifying significant metabolites in patients with endometriosis. Nonetheless, more investigation is needed in order to understand the significance of the study results.
Lay summary
Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting the quality of life in one out of every ten women during their reproductive years, causing pain and infertility. It is characterized by inflammation and growth of tissue like the endometrium (uterus lining) outside the uterine cavity. Studies have searched for a predictor of endometriosis-associated changes by observing small molecules necessary for metabolism on a large scale (metabolomics). Metabolomics could serve to resolve one of the biggest challenges that patients with endometriosis face: a delay in diagnosis. In this review, the authors summarize identified potential biomarkers from various bodily fluids and tissues that are characteristic of metabolic processes observed in endometriosis. Biomarkers include cell growth, cell survival, high energy demand, oxidative stress, and fatty acid levels. A metabolomics approach offers promise as a non-invasive tool to identify significant metabolite changes in patients with endometriosis, potentially leading to earlier diagnoses and new opportunities for back-translational strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila N Ortiz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Caroline B Appleyard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Dong Y, Li X, Liu Y, Gao J, Tao J. The molecular targets of taurine confer anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Life Sci 2021; 278:119579. [PMID: 33961852 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, is regarded as a lipid metabolism disorder associated with elevated plasma triglyceride and/or cholesterol. Genetic factors and unhealthy lifestyles, such as excess caloric intake and physical inactivity, can result in hyperlipidemia. Taurine, a sulfur-containing non-essential amino acid, is abundant in marine foods and has been associated with wide-ranging beneficial physiological effects, with special reference to regulating aberrant lipid metabolism. Its anti-hyperlipidemic mechanism is complex, which is related to many enzymes in the process of fat anabolism and catabolism (e.g., HMGCR, CYP7A1, LDLR, FXR, FAS and ACC). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecular targets, lipid autophagy, metabolic reprogramming and gut microbiota will also be reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17 LuJiang Road, Hefei 230001, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Malek Mahdavi A, Javadivala Z. A systematic review of preclinical studies on the efficacy of taurine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Amino Acids 2021; 53:783-800. [PMID: 33929638 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the undesirable effects of conventional medical therapies prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), complementary therapies, especially nutritional agents, have recently gained great attention. Recent animal and in vitro researches have shown benefits of taurine (Tau), a sulfur-containing amino acid, in RA and suggest that Tau may be a therapeutic candidate in RA; however, no systematic review exists regarding Tau and RA. Accordingly, this paper systematically reviewed the available researches regarding Tau and RA and plausible underlying mechanisms. We searched electronic databases like Scopus, WOS, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and a search engine Google Scholar until December 2020 and we have applied search alert services to detect related papers published after the primary search. We did not have any restriction in publication date and/or language. We found no clinical study; thus we considered related animal and in vitro researches. Furthermore, we checked the citations or references of these researches and grey literature to detect possible studies. We did not consider reviews, book chapters, conference abstracts, and articles about Tau in health problems other than RA. Eighteen articles were entered in present systematic review. Animal and in vitro researches showed that Tau either directly or indirectly (via Tau derivatives such as Tau-chloramine, Tau-bromamine, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, and taurolidine) could control RA by different mechanisms such as reducing inflammation, suppressing oxidative stress, and inducing apoptosis. This review serves convincing clues about the efficacy of Tau in RA and explains the importance of additional clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Malek Mahdavi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Javadivala
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Ma X, Wang Y, Wu H, Li F, Feng X, Xie Y, Xie D, Wang W, Lo ECM, Lu H. Periodontal health related-inflammatory and metabolic profiles of patients with end-stage renal disease: potential strategy for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:117-128. [PMID: 33903806 PMCID: PMC8060784 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To compare the periodontal health related–inflammatory and metabolic differences between patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and healthy controls (HC), and to identify potential biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of ESRD patients for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM). Methods Patients with ESRD (ESRD group; n = 52) and healthy controls (HC group; n = 44) were recruited. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. The differential metabolites in the GCF and serum were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Inflammatory markers including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were also assessed. Results In the ESRD group, IL-8 and CRP were significantly higher in GCF, whereas IL-6 and CRP were significantly higher in serum, compared with HC group (all P < 0.05). In the case of GCF, taurine levels were positively correlated with IL-8 levels in both groups (all P < 0.05). In the case of serum, l-phenylalanine and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid levels were positively correlated with CRP levels in both groups (all P < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were observed between metabolites (including pseudouridine, l-phenylalanine, and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) and IL-6 levels only in ESRD group. Conclusions IL-8 and CRP are potential inflammatory makers that reflect the periodontal health of ESRD individual, which may be considered the valuable predictive diagnostics in the agreement with PPPM philosophy. Besides, metabolites of taurine in GCF as well as l-phenylalanine and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in serum are possible biomarkers correlated with inflammatory markers. All these biomarkers may also be highly recommended as a novel predictive/diagnostic tool for the assessment of inflammatory status from the perspectives of PPPM in view of susceptible population and individual screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Danshu Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Lee CC, Chen WT, Chen SY, Lee TM. Taurine Alleviates Sympathetic Innervation by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome in Postinfarcted Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:745-755. [PMID: 34057159 PMCID: PMC8274585 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by myocardial infarction and then induces the activation of inflammatory caspase-1 activation and maturation of IL-1β, a regulator of synthesis of the nerve growth factor (NGF). Here, we studied whether taurine, 2-aminoethanesulphonic acid, can attenuate cardiac sympathetic reinnervation by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated NGF in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Male Wistar rats were subjected to coronary ligation and then randomized to either saline or taurine for 3 days or 4 weeks. Postinfarction was associated with activation of NF-κB (p65) and NLRP3 inflammasome component and increased the protein and expression of IL-1β. Macrophages at the border zone were shown to be positive for IL-1β 3 days postinfarction. Compared with vehicle, infarcted rats treated with taurine significantly attenuated myocardial messenger RNA and protein levels of NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, mature caspase-1, and IL-1β. Immunofluorescent analysis, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting of NGF showed that sympathetic hyperinnervation was blunted after administering taurine. Arrhythmia vulnerability in the taurine-treated infarcted rats was significantly improved than those in vehicle. Ex vivo studies showed that taurine infusion reduced myocardial IL-1β level at the extent similar to either pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or CP-456,773, inhibitors of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome, implying the key axis of NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating taurine-related anti-inflammation. Furthermore, administration of anti-IL-1β antibody reduced NGF levels. Taurine attenuated sympathetic innervation mainly by NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β-dependent pathway, which downregulated expression of NGF in infarcted rats. These findings may provide a new insight into the anti-inflammation effect of taurine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; and
| | - Syue-yi Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; and
| | - Tsung-Ming Lee
- Cardiovascular Institute, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; and
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Deng Y, Li H, Tang Y. The Effect of Suppression Taurine on Relocation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mankind Lung Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6656080. [PMID: 33936579 PMCID: PMC8060109 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6656080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim Taurine is believed to have antioxidant properties and has been implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and prostate cancer. This research focused on taurine inhibition effects of expression related to migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) A549 study on related genes of human being non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods MTT assays assessed cell viability and a RadiusTM assay showed that taurine also inhibited the lung cancer cell migration. Using RT-PCR and Western blot, the migration and EMT markers were identified and evaluated. Results We found that taurine significantly decreased the expression of migration markers matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In contrast, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) expressions were increased with taurine treatment. In addition, we found an association between taurine treatment and the expression of EMT markers. The expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin TWIST-1 was decreased, but the expression of zinc finger protein SNAIL-1 and E-zinc finger homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) was increased. Conclusion Taken together, our study strongly suggests the therapeutic significance of taurine, which possesses antimigration activity and induces EMT markers expression in lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Deng
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130-600, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130-600, China
| | - Yujiao Tang
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun 130-600, China
- Jilin Sino-ROK Institute of Animal Science, Changchun 130-600, China
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
A novel ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor for highly sensitive, selective and ultrafast tracing of HClO in live cells, bacteria and zebrafish. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1161:338472. [PMID: 33896562 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) along with its ionic form, hypochlorite anion (ClO-) are critical reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play vital roles in biological systems. Dysregulated production of HClO/ClO- can result in tissue damage and cause a variety of diseases. Besides, Sodium hypochlorite has been widely used as a bleaching agent for water disinfection, surface cleaning in daily life. Excessive exposure to sodium hypochlorite will lead to symptoms of severe breathing and skin problems. Therefore, developing a state-of-the-art (simple, highly sensitive, highly selective and super fast-response) sensor for tracking HClO is of biological, toxicological, and environmental importance. Though many HClO probes have been reported so far, this big aim still presents a challenge. Researchers around the world are continuing to develop new HClO probes that could improve their sensitivity, selectivity, the limit of detection, response time, easiness to use, etc. Herein, with coumarin as the fluorophore molecule, we rationally developed a novel chemosensor (CMTH) for detecting HClO with both ratiometric and colorimetric responses resulted from the oxidation reaction of CN bond. Further analysis results indicated that CMTH can realize highly sensitive with low limit of detection (256 nM, among the best of its kind) and highly selective (over a bunch of interfering analytes) imaging detection of HClO in multiple organisms with low cytotoxicity, and good cell and tissue permeability as well. In particular, compared to other fluorescent HClO probes reported so far, CMTH excels in the response time to HClO (< 40 s), being the top-notch of its kind. Besides, owing to its excellent water solubility, CMTH can also be applied to track HClO in the environmental system. Taken together, we have presented here a novel chemosensor, CMTH, as a colorimetric and ratiometric chemosensor for highly sensitive and ultrafast imaging detection of HClO in aqueous solutions, eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic bacteria and vertebrate zebrafish.
Collapse
|
138
|
Baliou S, Sofopoulos M, Goulielmaki M, Spandidos DA, Ioannou P, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Bromamine T, a stable active bromine compound, prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:37. [PMID: 33537817 PMCID: PMC7891821 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the most common cause of most acute and chronic debilitating diseases. Towards unveiling novel therapeutic options for patients with such complications, N‑bromotaurine (TauNHBr) has emerged as a potential anti‑inflammatory agent; however, its therapeutic efficacy is hindered due to its relatively poor stability. To address this challenge, the present study focused on examining the effects of a stable active bromine compound, named bromamine T (BAT). The present study examined the protective properties of BAT against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑mediated inflammation in vitro, by using LPS‑stimulated murine J774.A1 macrophages (Mφs), as well as in vivo, by using a murine LPS‑mediated air‑pouch model. Additionally, its efficacy was compared with that of taurine, a known potent anti‑inflammatory molecule. In LPS‑stimulated J774A.1 Mφs, BAT and taurine were very effective in reducing the secretion of pro‑inflammatory mediators. The in vitro experiments indicated that LPS‑mediated inflammation was attenuated due to the protective properties of BAT and of taurine, probably through the inhibition of phosphorylated p65 NF‑κB subunit (Ser 536) nuclear translocation. The in vivo experiments also revealed that BAT and taurine inhibited LPS‑mediated inflammation by reducing total cell/polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) infiltration in the air‑pouch and by decreasing pouch wall thickness. The analysis of exudates obtained from pouches highlighted that the inhibitory effects of BAT and taurine on the secretion of pro‑inflammatory cytokines were similar to those observed in vitro. Notably, the effect of BAT at the highest concentration tested was superior to that of taurine at the highest concentration. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicate that BAT prevents the LPS‑induced inflammatory response both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Sofopoulos
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital of Athens, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
1H NMR metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal urinary metabolites as biomarker candidates in response to protein undernutrition in adult rats. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:633-643. [PMID: 32814607 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein undernutrition contributes to the development of various diseases in broad generations. Urinary metabolites may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of protein undernutrition; however, this requires further investigation. We aimed to identify novel urinary metabolites as biomarker candidates responsive to protein undernutrition. Adult rats were fed control (CT; 14 % casein) or isoenergetic low-protein (LP; 5 % casein) diets for 4 weeks. 1H NMR metabolomics was applied to urine, plasma and liver samples to identify metabolites responsive to protein undernutrition. Liver samples were subjected to mRNA microarray and quantitative PCR analyses to elucidate the mechanisms causing fluctuations in identified metabolites. Urinary taurine levels were significantly lower in the LP group than in the CT group at week 1 and remained constant until week 4. Hepatic taurine level and gene expression level of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 were also significantly lower in the LP group than in the CT group. Urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels were significantly higher in the LP group than in the CT group at week 2 and remained constant until week 4. Hepatic TMAO level and gene expression levels of flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 1 and 5 were also significantly higher in the LP group than in the CT group. In conclusion, urinary taurine and TMAO levels substantially responded to protein undernutrition. Furthermore, changes in hepatic levels of these metabolites and gene expressions associated with their metabolic pathways were also reflected in their fluctuating urinary levels. Thus, taurine and TMAO could act as non-invasive urinary biomarker candidates to detect protein undernutrition.
Collapse
|
140
|
Kim SH, Yum HW, Kim SH, Kim W, Kim SJ, Kim C, Kim K, Suh YG, Surh YJ. Protective Effects of Taurine Chloramine on Experimentally Induced Colitis: NFκB, STAT3, and Nrf2 as Potential Targets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030479. [PMID: 33803551 PMCID: PMC8002934 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine chloramine (TauCl) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory substance which is derived from taurine, a semi-essential sulfur-containing β-amino acid found in some foods including meat, fish, eggs and milk. In general, TauCl as well as its parent compound taurine downregulates production of tissue-damaging proinflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and cytokines in many different types of cells. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of TauCl on experimentally induced colon inflammation. Oral administration of TauCl protected against mouse colitis caused by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TauCl administration attenuated apoptosis in the colonic mucosa of TNBS-treated mice. This was accompanied by reduced expression of an oxidative stress marker, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and proinflammatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 in mouse colon. TauCl also inhibited activation of NFκB and STAT3, two key transcription factors mediating proinflammatory signaling. Notably, the protective effect of TauCl on oxidative stress and inflammation in the colon of TNBS-treated mice was associated with elevated activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of its target genes encoding heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione S-transferase. Taken together, these results suggest that TauCl exerts the protective effect against colitis through upregulation of Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective gene expression while blocking the proinflammatory signaling mediated by NFκB and STAT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Hye-Won Yum
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Kyeojin Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea;
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Ximenes VF, Ximenes TP, Morgon NH, de Souza AR. Taurine Chloramine and Hydrogen Peroxide as a Potential Source of Singlet Oxygen for Topical Application. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:963-970. [PMID: 33657673 DOI: 10.1111/php.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is the "active principle" in photodynamic therapy. Taurine chloramine (Tau-NHCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are well-tolerated and widely used antiseptics. Due to its mild oxidizing features and stability, Tau-NHCl can be directly used to treat skin diseases. We found that a diluted aqueous mixture of Tau-NHCl and H2 O2 acts as a slow and long-lasting potential source of 1 O2 . The reactions were studied by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Evidence of the formation of 1 O2 was obtained using deuterium oxide, sodium azide and 9,10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene)dimalonic acid, a chemical trap of 1 O2 . The reaction was optimized, and a mechanism was proposed, including theoretical calculations at B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p) level of theory, adding D3Bj empirical dispersion and SMD (Water) solvent effects. Chloramines produced by the reactions between HOCl and L-alanine, 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid were also prepared, and their reactivity and stability were compared with Tau-NHCl. We found that Tau-NHCl is more stable and adequate for the production of 1 O2 . In conclusion, we propose applying these drugs combination as a potential source of 1 O2 with applications for skin diseases treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valdecir F Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomaz P Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson H Morgon
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo R de Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Seol SI, Kim HJ, Choi EB, Kang IS, Lee HK, Lee JK, Kim C. Taurine Protects against Postischemic Brain Injury via the Antioxidant Activity of Taurine Chloramine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030372. [PMID: 33801397 PMCID: PMC8000369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is ubiquitously distributed in mammalian tissues and is highly concentrated in the heart, brain, and leukocytes. Taurine exerts neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system diseases and can suppress infarct formation in stroke. Taurine reacts with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to produce taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl). We investigated the neuroprotective effects of taurine using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and BV2 microglial cells. Although intranasal administration of taurine (0.5 mg/kg) had no protective effects, the same dose of Tau-Cl significantly reduced infarct volume and ameliorated neurological deficits and promoted motor function, indicating a robust neuroprotective effect of Tau-Cl. There was neutrophil infiltration in the post-MCAO brains, and the MPO produced by infiltrating neutrophils might be involved in the taurine to Tau-Cl conversion. Tau-Cl significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase, heme oxygenase-1, NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and peroxiredoxin-1 in BV2 cells, whereas taurine slightly increased some of them. Antioxidant enzyme levels were increased in the post-MCAO brains, and Tau-Cl further increased the level of MCAO-induced antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that the neutrophils infiltrate the area of ischemic injury area, where taurine is converted to Tau-Cl, thus protecting from brain injury by scavenging toxic HOCl and increasing antioxidant enzyme expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-I Seol
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.-I.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.J.K.); (E.B.C.)
| | - Hyun Jae Kim
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.J.K.); (E.B.C.)
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Eun Bi Choi
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.J.K.); (E.B.C.)
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - In Soon Kang
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Hye-Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.-I.S.); (H.-K.L.)
| | - Ja-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.-I.S.); (H.-K.L.)
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.J.K.); (E.B.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.-K.L.); (C.K.); Tel.: +82-32-860-9893 (J.-K.L.); +82-32-860-9874 (C.K.); Fax: 82-32-885-8302 (J.-K.L. & C.K.)
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.J.K.); (E.B.C.)
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Convergent Research Center for Metabolism and Immunoregulation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-K.L.); (C.K.); Tel.: +82-32-860-9893 (J.-K.L.); +82-32-860-9874 (C.K.); Fax: 82-32-885-8302 (J.-K.L. & C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Abdoli N, Sadeghian I, Azarpira N, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Taurine mitigates bile duct obstruction-associated cholemic nephropathy: effect on oxidative stress and mitochondrial parameters. Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 7:30-40. [PMID: 34027113 PMCID: PMC8122090 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2021.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cholestasis is a serious complication affecting other organs such as the liver and kidney. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment are proposed as the primary mechanisms for cholestasis-induced organ injury. Taurine (TAU) is the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, which is not incorporated in the structure of proteins. Several pharmacological effects have been attributed to TAU. It has been reported that TAU effectively mitigated oxidative stress and modulated mitochondrial function. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of TAU on oxidative stress biomarkers and mitochondrial parameters in the kidney of cholestatic animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were used as an antioxidant model of cholestasis. Animals were treated with TAU (500 and 1000 mg/kg, oral) for seven consecutive days. Animals were anesthetized (thiopental 80 mg/kg, i.p.), and kidney and blood specimens were collected. RESULTS Severe elevation in serum and urine biomarkers of renal injury was evident in the BDL group. Significant lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and protein carbonylation were detected in the kidney of BDL animals. Furthermore, depleted glutathione reservoirs and a significant decrease in the antioxidant capacity of renal tissue were detected in cholestatic rats. Renal tubular atrophy and interstitial inflammation were evident in BDL animals. Cholestasis also caused significant mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney. TAU significantly prevented cholestasis-induced renal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate TAU as a potential therapeutic agent in the management of cholestasis-induced renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Abdoli
- Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Issa Sadeghian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Anich C, Orth-Höller D, Lackner M, Nagl M. N-chlorotaurine, a potent weapon against multiresistant bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1742-1748. [PMID: 33638897 PMCID: PMC8518795 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aims N‐chlorotaurine (NCT) is a body‐own mild oxidizing antiseptic that can be applied topically as a well‐tolerated anti‐infective at many body sites. The objective of this study was to demonstrate its activity against representative nosocomial multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Methods and Results The bactericidal activity of NCT was tested in quantitative killing assays against a panel of multiresistant Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative clinical isolates. N‐chlorotaurine (1%, 55 mmol l−1) reduced the number of CFU of strains of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, linezolid‐resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, vancomycin‐resistant, and linezolid‐ and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium, 3MRGN and 4MRGN Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae by at least 2 log10 steps after 15 min and completely or nearly to the detection limit after 30 min at pH 7·1 and 37°C. Conclusion The activity of NCT against these clinical isolates is similar to that against non‐resistant ATCC strains and therefore not influenced by antibiotic resistance. This can be explained by the oxidizing and chlorinating mechanism of action of NCT, which leads to an attack of multiple targets in the microorganisms. Significance and Impact of the Study The bactericidal spectrum of NCT is not restricted by resistance against antibiotics. Therefore, it can be used against resistant strains, too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Anich
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Orth-Höller
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Lackner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M Nagl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Chupel MU, Minuzzi LG, Furtado GE, Santos ML, Ferreira JP, Filaire E, Teixeira AM. Taurine supplementation reduces myeloperoxidase and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 levels and improves the effects of exercise in cognition and physical fitness in older women. Amino Acids 2021; 53:333-345. [PMID: 33586039 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunosenescence contributes to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, and those conditions could be attenuated by non-pharmacological anti-inflammatory strategies, such as exercise and supplementation with the amino acid taurine. Since taurine body content decreases with aging, we investigated the effects of supplementation (alone and combined with exercise) on oxidative stress, extracellular matrix degradation, white blood cells, neurotrophins, cognition and physical fitness of elderly women. Forty-eight women (83.58 ± 6.98 years) were enrolled into exercise training only (EO: n = 13), taurine supplementation (TS: n = 12), exercise training + taurine supplementation (ETTS: n = 11), and control group (CG: n = 12). All interventions lasted 14 weeks. Exercise was applied twice a week, and taurine was given once a day (1.5 g). Data collection occurred before and after interventions with the determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, and white blood cell counts (WBC). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and physical fitness tests were also evaluated. Concentration of MPO and MMP-9 decreased after intervention in TS (p < 0.05). No effect of time or time × group was observed for WBC parameters; however, univariate analysis showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes for TS, while an increase in monocytes occurred in the CG (p < 0.05). MoCA scores decreased over time in the CG (p < 0.05). Improvements in physical fitness occurred in ETTS (better agility and aerobic capacity), mostly likely due to exercise and boosted by taurine supplementation. No changes in BDNF levels were observed (p > 0.05), while NGF concentration were undetectable in almost subjects. Exercise together with taurine supplementation appears to be a valuable strategy to enhance health-related outcomes in older persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Uba Chupel
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário Leonardo Santos
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edith Filaire
- CIAMS Laboratory, EA 4532, University of Paris-Sud, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity, CIDAF, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Myeloperoxidase: Mechanisms, reactions and inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 218:107685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
147
|
Zhang Y, Wei Z, Yang M, Liu D, Pan M, Wu C, Zhang W, Mai K. Dietary taurine modulates hepatic oxidative status, ER stress and inflammation in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed high carbohydrate diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 109:1-11. [PMID: 33285166 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the beneficial role of taurine against chronic high carbohydrate diet-induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in turbot. Two 10-week feeding trials were simultaneously conducted. For the one, six experimental diets with graded levels of taurine supplementation (0, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and, 2.0%, respectively) and 15% of carbohydrate were used. For the other one, three graded levels of dietary taurine supplementation (0.4%, 1.2% and 2.0%, respectively) with 21% of carbohydrate were used. The results showed that higher expression level of inflammation cytokines and ER stress related genes were detected in higher dietary carbohydrate group. In both feeding trials, 1.2% of dietary taurine supplementation improved anti-oxidative status by decreasing the content of malondialdehyde, increasing the catalase activity and total anti-oxidative capacities. In feeding trial 1, appropriate taurine supplementation lowered contents of tumour necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in plasma, and decreased the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (il-8) and interferon-γ (ifn-γ). Furthermore, dietary taurine reduced ER stress by decreasing the mRNA levels of activating transcription factor 6, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and G protein-coupled receptor 78. The optimal dietary taurine content was estimated as 1.40% based on the analysis of specific growth rate. In feeding trial 2, dietary taurine supplementation attenuated liver inflammation partly referring to significantly down-regulated mRNA levels of nuclear transcription factor-κB p65, ifn-γ, interleukin1β and up-regulate the transcript of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1. Dietary taurine supplementation in feeding trial 2 significantly increased the Nrf2-related factor 2 protein level and decreased the NFκB p65 protein level only at 21% of dietary carbohydrate level. Taurine can alleviate the oxidative damage and inflammation caused by 21% of dietary carbohydrate to a certain degree. Overall, the present study confirmed that dietary taurine supplementation improved growth performance and anti-oxidative response, and reduced liver inflammatory and ER stress processes induced by high dietary carbohydrate in turbot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Zehong Wei
- State Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengxi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Danni Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Wu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Andersen MK, Høiem TS, Claes BSR, Balluff B, Martin-Lorenzo M, Richardsen E, Krossa S, Bertilsson H, Heeren RMA, Rye MB, Giskeødegård GF, Bathen TF, Tessem MB. Spatial differentiation of metabolism in prostate cancer tissue by MALDI-TOF MSI. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33514438 PMCID: PMC7847144 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer tissues are inherently heterogeneous, which presents a challenge for metabolic profiling using traditional bulk analysis methods that produce an averaged profile. The aim of this study was therefore to spatially detect metabolites and lipids on prostate tissue sections by using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), a method that facilitates molecular imaging of heterogeneous tissue sections, which can subsequently be related to the histology of the same section. Methods Here, we simultaneously obtained metabolic and lipidomic profiles in different prostate tissue types using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MSI. Both positive and negative ion mode were applied to analyze consecutive sections from 45 fresh-frozen human prostate tissue samples (N = 15 patients). Mass identification was performed with tandem MS. Results Pairwise comparisons of cancer, non-cancer epithelium, and stroma revealed several metabolic differences between the tissue types. We detected increased levels of metabolites crucial for lipid metabolism in cancer, including metabolites involved in the carnitine shuttle, which facilitates fatty acid oxidation, and building blocks needed for lipid synthesis. Metabolites associated with healthy prostate functions, including citrate, aspartate, zinc, and spermine had lower levels in cancer compared to non-cancer epithelium. Profiling of stroma revealed higher levels of important energy metabolites, such as ADP, ATP, and glucose, and higher levels of the antioxidant taurine compared to cancer and non-cancer epithelium. Conclusions This study shows that specific tissue compartments within prostate cancer samples have distinct metabolic profiles and pinpoint the advantage of methodology providing spatial information compared to bulk analysis. We identified several differential metabolites and lipids that have potential to be developed further as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Spatial and rapid detection of cancer-related analytes showcases MALDI-TOF MSI as a promising and innovative diagnostic tool for the clinic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00242-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Andersen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Therese S Høiem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Britt S R Claes
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Balluff
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Martin-Lorenzo
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, UNN, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sebastian Krossa
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Urology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging institute (M4I), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morten B Rye
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,BioCore-Bioinformatics Core Facility, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro F Giskeødegård
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - May-Britt Tessem
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Baliou S, Goulielmaki M, Ioannou P, Cheimonidi C, Trougakos IP, Nagl M, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Bromamine T (BAT) Exerts Stronger Anti-Cancer Properties than Taurine (Tau). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E182. [PMID: 33430276 PMCID: PMC7825693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taurine (Tau) ameliorates cancer pathogenesis. Researchers have focused on the functional properties of bromamine T (BAT), a stable active bromine molecule. Both N-bromotaurine (TauNHBr) and BAT exert potent anti-inflammatory properties, but the landscape remains obscure concerning the anti-cancer effect of BAT. METHODS We used Crystal Violet, colony formation, flow cytometry and Western blot experiments to evaluate the effect of BAT and Tau on the apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells. Xenograft experiments were used to determine the in vivo cytotoxicity of either agent. RESULTS We demonstrated that both BAT and Tau inhibited the growth of human colon, breast, cervical and skin cancer cell lines. Among them, BAT exerted the greatest cytotoxic effect on both RKO and MDA-MB-468 cells. In particular, BAT increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK½), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK½), thereby inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy in RKO cells. In contrast, Tau exerted its cytotoxic effect by upregulating JNK½ forms, thus triggering mitochondrial apoptosis in RKO cells. Accordingly, colon cancer growth was impaired in vivo. CONCLUSIONS BAT and Tau exerted their anti-tumor properties through the induction of (i) mitochondrial apoptosis, (ii) the MAPK family, and iii) autophagy, providing novel anti-cancer therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- Biomedical Application Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Biomedical Application Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Christina Cheimonidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (C.C.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Markus Nagl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Anthony M. Kyriakopoulos
- Department of Research and Development, Nasco AD Biotechnology Laboratory, 11 Sachtouri Str, 18536 Piraeus, Greece;
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Application Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (S.B.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Han H, Zhang J, Chen Y, Shen M, Yan E, Wei C, Yu C, Zhang L, Wang T. Dietary taurine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress of broiler chickens at an early age. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5909276. [PMID: 32954422 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of taurine as a prophylactic treatment on antioxidant function and inflammatory responses of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 256 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments with eight replicates of eight birds (eight birds per cage). Four treatment groups were designated as follows: 1) in the CON group, broilers fed a basal diet; 2) in the LPS group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet; 3) in the LPS + T1 group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg taurine; and 4) in the LPS + T2 group, LPS-challenged broilers fed a basal diet supplemented with 7.5 g/kg taurine. The LPS-challenged broilers were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg body weight (BW) of LPS at 16, 18, and 20 d of age, whereas the CON group received an injection of sterile saline. The results showed that broilers injected with LPS exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and the 21-d BW (P < 0.05), while taurine supplementation alleviated the negative effects of LPS. Additionally, the LPS-induced increases (P < 0.05) in serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities were reversed by taurine supplementation. The taurines could alleviate the hepatic oxidative stress, with the presence of lower content of malondialdehyde (P < 0.05), higher content of glutathione (P < 0.05), and an increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). The concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the liver were measured by ELISA kits, and the result showed that dietary taurine supplementation prevented these cytokines increases in the liver of LPS-induced broilers. Taurine reduced the genes expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, whereas it boosted the expression levels of antioxidant-related genes (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and GSH-Px) in the liver of LPS-induced broilers. In conclusion, dietary taurine supplementation in broilers mitigated LPS-induced defects in ADG, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enfa Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengheng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|