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Bruemmer K, Walvoord RR, Brewer TF, Burgos-Barragan G, Wit N, Pontel LB, Patel KJ, Chang CJ. Development of a General Aza-Cope Reaction Trigger Applied to Fluorescence Imaging of Formaldehyde in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5338-5350. [PMID: 28375637 PMCID: PMC5501373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a reactive signaling molecule that is continuously produced through a number of central biological pathways spanning epigenetics to one-carbon metabolism. On the other hand, aberrant, elevated levels of FA are implicated in disease states ranging from asthma to neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, fluorescence-based probes for FA imaging are emerging as potentially powerful chemical tools to help disentangle the complexities of FA homeostasis and its physiological and pathological contributions. Currently available FA indicators require direct modification of the fluorophore backbone through complex synthetic considerations to enable FA detection, often limiting the generalization of designs to other fluorophore classes. To address this challenge, we now present the rational, iterative development of a general reaction-based trigger utilizing 2-aza-Cope reactivity for selective and sensitive detection of FA in living systems. Specifically, we developed a homoallylamine functionality that can undergo a subsequent self-immolative β-elimination, creating a FA-responsive trigger that is capable of masking a phenol on a fluorophore or any other potential chemical scaffold for related imaging and/or therapeutic applications. We demonstrate the utility of this trigger by creating a series of fluorescent probes for FA with excitation and emission wavelengths that span the UV to visible spectral regions through caging of a variety of dye units. In particular, Formaldehyde Probe 573 (FAP573), based on a resorufin scaffold, is the most red-shifted and FA sensitive in this series in terms of signal-to-noise responses and enables identification of alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5) as an enzyme that regulates FA metabolism in living cells. The results provide a starting point for the broader use of 2-aza-Cope reactivity for probing and manipulating FA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin
J. Bruemmer
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan R. Walvoord
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas F. Brewer
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Niek Wit
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas B. Pontel
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan J. Patel
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- Department
of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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102
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Vaz B, Popovic M, Ramadan K. DNA-Protein Crosslink Proteolysis Repair. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:483-495. [PMID: 28416269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteins that are covalently bound to DNA constitute a specific type of DNA lesion known as DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). DPCs represent physical obstacles to the progression of DNA replication. If not repaired, DPCs cause stalling of DNA replication forks that consequently leads to DNA double-strand breaks, the most cytotoxic DNA lesion. Although DPCs are common DNA lesions, the mechanism of DPC repair was unclear until now. Recent work unveiled that DPC repair is orchestrated by proteolysis performed by two distinct metalloproteases, SPARTAN in metazoans and Wss1 in yeast. This review summarizes recent discoveries on two proteases in DNA replication-coupled DPC repair and establishes DPC proteolysis repair as a separate DNA repair pathway for genome stability and protection from accelerated aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vaz
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marta Popovic
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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103
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Singha S, Jun YW, Bae J, Ahn KH. Ratiometric Imaging of Tissue by Two-Photon Microscopy: Observation of a High Level of Formaldehyde around Mouse Intestinal Crypts. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3724-3731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Juryang Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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104
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Cortés-Arriagada D, Villegas-Escobar N, Miranda-Rojas S, Toro-Labbé A. Adsorption/desorption process of formaldehyde onto iron doped graphene: a theoretical exploration from density functional theory calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4179-4189. [PMID: 27990518 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07710b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of formaldehyde (H2CO) onto Fe-doped graphene (FeG) was studied in detail from density functional theory calculations and electronic structure analyses. Our aim was to obtain insights into the adsorption, desorption and sensing properties of FeG towards H2CO, a hazardous organic compound. The adsorption of H2CO was shown to be energetically stable onto FeG, with adsorption energies of up to 1.45 eV and favored in different conformations. This interaction was determined to be mostly electrostatic in nature, where the oxygen plays an important role in this contribution; besides, our quantum molecular dynamics results showed the high stability of the FeG-H2CO interaction at ambient temperature (300 K). All the interactions were determined to be accompanied by an increase in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap with respect to the isolated adsorbent, indicating that FeG is highly sensitive to H2CO with respect to pristine graphene. Finally, it was found that external electric fields of 0.04-0.05 a.u. were able to induce the pollutant desorption from the adsorbent, allowing the adsorbent reactivation for repetitive applications. These results indicate that FeG could be a promising candidate for adsorption/sensing platforms of H2CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Nucleus Millennium Chemical Processes and Catalysis, Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nery Villegas-Escobar
- Nucleus Millennium Chemical Processes and Catalysis, Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastián Miranda-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Nucleus Millennium Chemical Processes and Catalysis, Laboratorio de Química Teórica Computacional (QTC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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105
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He X, Li Z, Rizak JD, Wu S, Wang Z, He R, Su M, Qin D, Wang J, Hu X. Resveratrol Attenuates Formaldehyde Induced Hyperphosphorylation of Tau Protein and Cytotoxicity in N2a Cells. Front Neurosci 2017; 10:598. [PMID: 28197064 PMCID: PMC5281604 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that formaldehyde (FA)—induced neurotoxicity is important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Elevated levels of FA have been associated with memory impairments and the main hallmarks of AD pathology, including β-amyloid plaques, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal loss. Resveratrol (Res), as a polyphenol anti-oxidant, has been considered to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD. However, it has not been elucidated whether Res can exert its neuroprotective effects against FA-induced neuronal damages related to AD pathology. To answer this question, the effects of Res were investigated on Neuro-2a (N2a) cells prior to and after FA exposure. The experiments found that pre-treatment with Res significantly decreased FA-induced cytotoxicity, reduced cell apoptosis rates, and inhibited the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein at Thr181 in a dose-dependent manner. Further tests revealed that this effect was associated with the suppression of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3β) and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activities, both of which are important kinases for tau protein hyperphosphorylation. In addition, Res was found to increase the activity of phosphoseryl/phosphothreonyl protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A). In summary, these findings provide evidence that Res protects N2a cells from FA-induced damages and suggests that inhibition of GSK-3β and CaMKII and the activation of PP2A by Res protect against the hyperphosphorylation and/or mediates the dephosphorylation of tau protein, respectively. These possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of Res against FA-induced damages provide another perspective on AD treatment via inhibition of tau protein hyperhosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaping He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China; Nerve System Coding Discipline Group, Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China; Yunnan Province Company Key Laboratory for TCM and Ethnic Drug of New Drug Creation, Yunnan Bai Yao Group Innovation and R&D Center, Yunnan Institute of Materia MedicaKunming, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China; Nerve System Coding Discipline Group, Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Joshua D Rizak
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China; Nerve System Coding Discipline Group, Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
| | - Zhengbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Min Su
- Yunnan Province Company Key Laboratory for TCM and Ethnic Drug of New Drug Creation, Yunnan Bai Yao Group Innovation and R&D Center, Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica Kunming, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, China
| | - Jingkun Wang
- Yunnan Province Company Key Laboratory for TCM and Ethnic Drug of New Drug Creation, Yunnan Bai Yao Group Innovation and R&D Center, Yunnan Institute of Materia Medica Kunming, China
| | - Xintian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China; Kunming Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
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106
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Tong Z, Wang W, Luo W, Lv J, Li H, Luo H, Jia J, He R. Urine Formaldehyde Predicts Cognitive Impairment in Post-Stroke Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 55:1031-1038. [PMID: 27802225 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) was first described over 100 years ago, there is still no suitable biomarker for diagnosing AD in easily collectable samples (e.g., blood plasma, saliva, and urine). Here, we investigated the relationship between morning urine formaldehyde concentration and cognitive impairment in patients with post-stroke dementia (PSD) or AD in this cross-sectional survey for 7 years. Cognitive abilities of the study participants (n = 577, four groups: 231 controls, 61 stroke, 65 PSD, and 220 AD) were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Morning urine formaldehyde concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gender- and age-matched participants were selected from the four groups (n = 42 in each group). Both semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO, a formaldehyde-generating enzyme) and formaldehyde levels in the blood and urine were analyzed by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HPLC, respectively. We found that morning urine formaldehyde levels were inversely correlated with MMSE scores. The threshold value (the best Cut-Off value) of formaldehyde concentration for predicting cognitive impairment was 0.0418 mM in patients with PSD (Sensitivity: 92.3%; Specificity: 77.1%), and 0.0449 mM in patients with AD (Sensitivity: 94.1%; Specificity: 81.8%), respectively. The results of biochemical analysis revealed that the observed increase in urine formaldehyde resulted from an overexpression of SSAO in the blood. The findings suggest that measuring the concentration of formaldehyde in overnight fasting urine could be used as a potentially noninvasive method for evaluating the likelihood of ensuing cognitive impairment or dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Tong
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wenhong Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihui Lv
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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107
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Zendehdel R, Fazli Z, Mazinani M. Neurotoxicity effect of formaldehyde on occupational exposure and influence of individual susceptibility to some metabolism parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:648. [PMID: 27796833 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction have separately been associated with endogenous formaldehyde and reduction of acetylcholine signals. However, a limited number of studies have shown a relationship between cholinergic neurotransmitter and formaldehyde exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the neurological effect on workers from melamine-dish preparation workshop, who were exposed to formaldehyde. A total of 35 formaldehyde-exposed workers were compared with 32 control employees from the food industry. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde was conducted using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 3500 methods. Using the Ellman method, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a biomarker for neurotoxicity was analyzed in blood erythrocyte. The effects of alcohol dehydrogenase III (ADH3) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) polymorphism were used to survey the level of AChE activity. In this study, it was found that exposure to airborne formaldehyde increased from 0.024 to 0.74 ppm and the median personnel exposure was 0.057. Induction of AChE activity was observed in formaldehyde-exposed workers as compared with the control group (p < 0.01), while AChE activity increased in 64 % of the exposed subjects. Spearman's correlation (p < 0.02) was used to evaluate the association between AChE activity and occupational exposure to formaldehyde. Exposed subjects containing ADH32-2 genotype had higher AChE than others. The findings of this study suggest that the neurotoxic effect of formaldehyde depends on the AChE activity, which is affected by metabolism. It can be concluded that cholinergic signal reduction in cases of cognitive dysfunction could be associated with endogenous formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Zendehdel
- Safety Promotion and Injury Preventation Research Centre, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Fazli
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mazinani
- Department of Occupational Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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108
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Li T, Su T, He Y, Lu J, Mo W, Wei Y, He R. Brain Formaldehyde is Related to Water Intake behavior. Aging Dis 2016; 7:561-584. [PMID: 27699080 PMCID: PMC5036952 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising strategy for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the identification of age-related changes that place the brain at risk for the disease. Additionally, AD is associated with chronic dehydration, and one of the significant changes that are known to result in metabolic dysfunction is an increase in the endogenous formaldehyde (FA) level. Here, we demonstrate that the levels of uric formaldehyde in AD patients were markedly increased compared with normal controls. The brain formaldehyde levels of wild-type C57 BL/6 mice increased with age, and these increases were followed by decreases in their drinking frequency and water intake. The serum arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were also maintained at a high level in the 10-month-old mice. An intravenous injection of AVP into the tail induced decreases in the drinking frequency and water intake in the mice, and these decreases were associated with increases in brain formaldehyde levels. An ELISA assay revealed that the AVP injection increased both the protein level and the enzymatic activity of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), which is an enzyme that produces formaldehyde. In contrast, the intraperitoneal injection of formaldehyde increased the serum AVP level by increasing the angiotensin II (ANG II) level, and this change was associated with a marked decrease in water intake behavior. These data suggest that the interaction between formaldehyde and AVP affects the water intake behaviors of mice. Furthermore, the highest concentration of formaldehyde in vivo was observed in the morning. Regular water intake is conducive to eliminating endogenous formaldehyde from the human body, particularly when water is consumed in the morning. Establishing good water intake habits not only effectively eliminates excess formaldehyde and other metabolic products but is also expected to yield valuable approaches to reducing the risk of AD prior to the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Su
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingge He
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jihui Lu
- 5Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Weichuan Mo
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wei
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 3Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- 1State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; 4Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
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109
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Yuen LH, Saxena NS, Park HS, Weinberg K, Kool ET. Dark Hydrazone Fluorescence Labeling Agents Enable Imaging of Cellular Aldehydic Load. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2312-9. [PMID: 27326450 PMCID: PMC5503141 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aldehydes are key intermediates in many cellular processes, from endogenous metabolic pathways like glycolysis to undesired exogenously induced processes such as lipid peroxidation and DNA interstrand cross-linking. Alkyl aldehydes are well documented to be cytotoxic, affecting the functions of DNA and protein, and their levels are tightly regulated by the oxidative enzyme ALDH2. Mutations in this enzyme are associated with cardiac damage, diseases such as Fanconi anemia (FA), and cancer. Many attempts have been made to identify and quantify the overall level of these alkyl aldehydes inside cells, yet there are few practical methods available to detect and monitor these volatile aldehydes in real time. Here, we describe a multicolor fluorogenic hydrazone transfer ("DarkZone") system to label alkyl aldehydes, yielding up to 30-fold light-up response in vitro. A cell-permeant DarkZone dye design was applied to detect small-molecule aldehydes in the cellular environment. The new dye design also enabled the monitoring of cellular acetaldehyde production from ethanol over time by flow cytometry, demonstrating the utility of the DarkZone dyes for measuring and imaging the aldehydic load related to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik Hang Yuen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nivedita S Saxena
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hyun Shin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kenneth Weinberg
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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110
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Ahmed HH, Morsy FA, El-Nabarawy SK, Ahmed MA, Ali NA. Lycopene: an effective neuroprotective option against neurodeterioration induced by formaldehyde inhalation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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111
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Liu W, Truillet C, Flavell RR, Brewer TF, Evans MJ, Wilson DM, Chang CJ. A reactivity-based [ 18F]FDG probe for in vivo formaldehyde imaging using positron emission tomography. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5503-5507. [PMID: 30034690 PMCID: PMC6021783 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an aza-Cope-based reactivity probe for imaging formaldehyde in vivo using positron emission tomography.
Formaldehyde (FA) is a reactive carbonyl species (RCS) that plays a broad spectrum of roles in epigenetics, toxicology, and progression of diseases ranging from cancer to diabetes to neurodegeneration, motivating the development of translatable technologies for FA imaging. Here we report formaldehyde-caged-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-1 ([18F]FAC-FDG-1), an aza-Cope-based reactivity probe for in vivo FA imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). [18F]FAC-FDG-1 reacts selectively with FA over potentially competing analytes to generate [18F]FDG, allowing its FA-dependent uptake and retention in cell culture as well as in animal models. The relative uptake of [18F]FAC-FDG-1 was evaluated using FA-treated PC3 prostate cancer and U87-MG glioblastoma cells demonstrating a dose-dependent response to exogenously added FA. Moreover, [18F]FAC-FDG-1 is capable of FA detection in vivo using a PC3 tumor xenograft model. In addition to providing a unique tool for monitoring FA in living animals, these data establish a general approach for translatable detection of FA and other reactive biological analytes in vivo by exploiting the widely-available clinical [18F]FDG tracer as a masked aldehyde that can be caged by analyte-responsive triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Berkeley , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA . .,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , USA .
| | - Charles Truillet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , USA .
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , USA .
| | - Thomas F Brewer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Berkeley , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA .
| | - Michael J Evans
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , USA .
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging , University of California , San Francisco , California 94158 , USA .
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Berkeley , Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA . .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA
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112
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Cui Y, Su T, Zhang SD, Huang P, He YG, Liu Y, Zhang C, Ritch R, He RQ. Elevated urine formaldehyde in elderly patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:411-6. [PMID: 27158612 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.03.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the risk factor of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), which is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. An abnormally high level of endogenous formaldehyde (FA) has recently been found correlated with cell death and neurodegenerative disease, raising the possibility of a putative correlation of abnormal endogenous FA with POAG. METHODS Thirty-four elderly patients with POAG and sixteen healthy controls were enrolled. Glaucomatous visual defects were present at both the functional (visual field) and structural [retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness] levels. Morning urine samples were obtained and were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the endogenous FA level in a double blind manner. RESULTS Patients with POAG (P<0.05) had significantly higher urine FA levels. The urine FA level of patients with severe visual field defects [mean deviation (MD)≥12 dB] was significantly (P<0.001) greater than that of patients with mild to moderate defects (MD<12 dB). By optical coherence tomography (OCT), the superior and inferior RNFL thickness of POAG group was significantly (P<0.001) thinner than in controls. Furthermore, the superior and inferior thinning of the RNFL was correlated with the elevation of urine FA concentration. CONCLUSION Endogenous FA level is positively correlated with the neuronal defects of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shao-Dan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying-Ge He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Rong-Qiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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113
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Evidence for Conversion of Methanol to Formaldehyde in Nonhuman Primate Brain. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2016; 2016:4598454. [PMID: 27066393 PMCID: PMC4811046 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4598454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that methanol toxicity to primates is mainly associated with its metabolites, formaldehyde (FA) and formic acid. While methanol metabolism and toxicology have been best studied in peripheral organs, little study has focused on the brain and no study has reported experimental evidence that demonstrates transformation of methanol into FA in the primate brain. In this study, three rhesus macaques were given a single intracerebroventricular injection of methanol to investigate whether a metabolic process of methanol to FA occurs in nonhuman primate brain. Levels of FA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were then assessed at different time points. A significant increase of FA levels was found at the 18th hour following a methanol injection. Moreover, the FA level returned to a normal physiological level at the 30th hour after the injection. These findings provide direct evidence that methanol is oxidized to FA in nonhuman primate brain and that a portion of the FA generated is released out of the brain cells. This study suggests that FA is produced from methanol metabolic processes in the nonhuman primate brain and that FA may play a significant role in methanol neurotoxicology.
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114
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Mei Y, Duan C, Li X, Zhao Y, Cao F, Shang S, Ding S, Yue X, Gao G, Yang H, Shen L, Feng X, Jia J, Tong Z, Yang X. Reduction of Endogenous Melatonin Accelerates Cognitive Decline in Mice in a Simulated Occupational Formaldehyde Exposure Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030258. [PMID: 26938543 PMCID: PMC4808921 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Individuals afflicted with occupational formaldehyde (FA) exposure often suffer from abnormal behaviors such as aggression, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and in particular, cognitive impairments. Coincidentally, clinical patients with melatonin (MT) deficiency also complain of cognitive problems associated with the above mental disorders. Whether and how FA affects endogenous MT metabolism and induces cognitive decline need to be elucidated. To mimic occupational FA exposure environment, 16 healthy adult male mice were exposed to gaseous FA (3 mg/m3) for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that FA exposure impaired spatial memory associated with hippocampal neuronal death. Biochemical analysis revealed that FA exposure elicited an intensive oxidative stress by reducing systemic glutathione levels, in particular, decreasing brain MT concentrations. Inversely, intraperitoneal injection of MT markedly attenuated FA-induced hippocampal neuronal death, restored brain MT levels, and reversed memory decline. At tissue levels, injection of FA into the hippocampus distinctly reduced brain MT concentrations. Furthermore, at cellular and molecular levels, we found that FA directly inactivated MT in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that MT supplementation contributes to the rescue of cognitive decline, and may alleviate mental disorders in the occupational FA-exposed human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Mei
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Chunli Duan
- Department of Neuobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Fenghua Cao
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Shuai Shang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Shumao Ding
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Xiangpei Yue
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Neuobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neuobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Luxi Shen
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jianping Jia
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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115
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Li Y, Song Z, Ding Y, Xin Y, Wu T, Su T, He R, Tai F, Lian Z. Effects of formaldehyde exposure on anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, cognition, central levels of glucocorticoid receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2004-2012. [PMID: 26551198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde exposure is toxic to the brains of mammals, but the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effects of inhaled formaldehyde on anxiety, depression, cognitive capacity and central levels of glucocorticoid receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase in mice. After exposure to 0, 1 or 2 ppm gaseous formaldehyde for one week, we measured anxiety-like behavior using open field and elevated plus-maze tests, depression-like behavior using a forced swimming test, learning and memory using novel object recognition tests, levels of glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus and tyrosine hydroxylase in the Arc, MPOA, ZI and VTA using immuhistochemistry. We found that inhalation of 1 ppm formaldehyde reduced levels of anxiety-like behavior. Inhalation of 2 ppm formaldehyde reduced body weight, but increased levels of depression-like behavior, impaired novel object recognition, and lowered the numbers of glucocorticoid receptor immonureactive neurons in the hippocampus and tyrosine hydroxylase immonureactive neurons in the ventral tegmental area and the zona incerta, medial preoptic area. Different concentrations of gaseous formaldehyde result in different effects on anxiety, depression-like behavior and cognition ability which may be associated with alterations in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors and brain tyrosine hydroxylase levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Li
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Zhuoyi Song
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Yujuan Ding
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Ye Xin
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fadao Tai
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China.
| | - Zhenmin Lian
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
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116
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Song YX, Miao JY, Qiang M, He RQ, Wang XM, Li WW. Icariin protects SH-SY5Y cells from formaldehyde-induced injury through suppression of Tau phosphorylation. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:430-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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117
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Roth A, Li H, Anorma C, Chan J. A Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Formaldehyde in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10890-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Roth
- Department
of Chemistry,
Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Department
of Chemistry,
Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chelsea Anorma
- Department
of Chemistry,
Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jefferson Chan
- Department
of Chemistry,
Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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118
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Brewer TF, Chang CJ. An Aza-Cope Reactivity-Based Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Formaldehyde in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10886-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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119
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Mei Y, Jiang C, Wan Y, Lv J, Jia J, Wang X, Yang X, Tong Z. Aging-associated formaldehyde-induced norepinephrine deficiency contributes to age-related memory decline. Aging Cell 2015; 14:659-68. [PMID: 25866202 PMCID: PMC4531079 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A norepinephrine (NE) deficiency has been observed in aged rats and in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and is thought to cause cognitive disorder. Which endogenous factor induces NE depletion, however, is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of aging-associated formaldehyde (FA) on the inactivation of NE in vitro and in vivo, and on memory behaviors in rodents. The results showed that age-related DNA demethylation led to hippocampal FA accumulation, and when this occurred, the hippocampal NE content was reduced in healthy male rats of different ages. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed that FA rapidly inactivated NE in vitro and that an intrahippocampal injection of FA markedly reduced hippocampal NE levels in healthy adult rats. Unexpectedly, an injection of FA (at a pathological level) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, a NE depletor) can mimic age-related NE deficiency, long-term potentiation (LTP) impairments, and spatial memory deficits in healthy adult rats. Conversely, an injection of NE reversed age-related deficits in both LTP and memory in aged rats. In agreement with the above results, the senescence-accelerated prone 8 (SAMP8) mice also exhibited a severe deficit in LTP and memory associated with a more severe NE deficiency and FA accumulation, when compared with the age-matched, senescence-resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice. Injection of resveratrol (a natural FA scavenger) or NE into SAMP8 mice reversed FA accumulation and NE deficiency and restored the magnitude of LTP and memory. Collectively, these findings suggest that accumulated FA is a critical endogenous factor for aging-associated NE depletion and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Mei
- Alzheimer's disease Center Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology College of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jihui Lv
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Alzheimer's disease Center Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Alzheimer's disease Center Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xu Yang
- Section of Environmental Biomedicine Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology College of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Alzheimer's disease Center Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
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120
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Li G, Yang J, Ling S. Formaldehyde exposure alters miRNA expression profiles in the olfactory bulb. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:387-93. [PMID: 26161908 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1062580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that inhaling formaldehyde (FA) causes damage to the central nervous system. However, it is unclear whether FA can disturb the function of the olfactory bulb. Using a microarray, we found that FA inhalation altered the miRNA expression profile. Functional enrichment analysis of the predicted targets of the changed miRNA showed that the enrichment canonical pathways and networks associated with cancer and transcriptional regulation. FA exposure disrupts miRNA expression profiles within the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifa Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P.R. China
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121
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Dorokhov YL, Shindyapina AV, Sheshukova EV, Komarova TV. Metabolic methanol: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:603-44. [PMID: 25834233 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Dorokhov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Shindyapina
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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122
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Tong Z, Han C, Qiang M, Wang W, Lv J, Zhang S, Luo W, Li H, Luo H, Zhou J, Wu B, Su T, Yang X, Wang X, Liu Y, He R. Age-related formaldehyde interferes with DNA methyltransferase function, causing memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:100-10. [PMID: 25282336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampus-related topographic amnesia is the most common symptom of memory disorders in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Recent studies have revealed that experience-mediated DNA methylation, which is regulated by enzymes with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, is required for the formation of recent memory as well as the maintenance of remote memory. Notably, overexpression of DNMT3a in the hippocampus can reverse spatial memory deficits in aged mice. However, a decline in global DNA methylation was found in the autopsied hippocampi of patients with AD. Exactly, what endogenous factors that affect DNA methylation still remain to be elucidated. Here, we report a marked increase in endogenous formaldehyde levels is associated with a decline in global DNA methylation in the autopsied hippocampus from AD patients. In vitro and in vivo results show that formaldehyde in excess of normal physiological levels reduced global DNA methylation by interfering DNMTs. Interestingly, intrahippocampal injection of excess formaldehyde before spatial learning in healthy adult rats can mimic the learning difficulty of early stage of AD. Moreover, injection of excess formaldehyde after spatial learning can mimic the loss of remote spatial memory observed in late stage of AD. These findings suggest that aging-associated formaldehyde contributes to topographic amnesia in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chanshuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jihui Lv
- Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Wenhong Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongjun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangning Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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123
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Chen J, Sun M, Wang X, Lu J, Wei Y, Tan Y, Liu Y, Götz J, He R, Hua Q. The herbal compound geniposide rescues formaldehyde-induced apoptosis in N2a neuroblastoma cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:412-21. [PMID: 24658849 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The herbal medicine Tong Luo Jiu Nao (TLJN) contains geniposide (GP) and ginsenoside Rg1 at a molar ratio of 10:1. Rg1 is the major component of another herbal medicine, panax notoginseng saponin (PNS). TLJN has been shown to strengthen brain function in humans, and in animals it improves learning and memory. We have previously shown that TLJN reduces amyloidogenic processing in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. Together this suggests TLJN may be a potential treatment for patients with dementia. Because chronic damage of the central nervous system by formaldehyde (FA) has been presented as a risk factor for age-associated cognitive dysfunction, in the present study we investigated the protective effect of both TLJN and GP in neuron-like cells exposed to FA. FA-exposed murine N2a neuroblastoma cells were incubated with TLJN, its main ingredient GP, as well as PNS, to measure cell viability and morphology, the rate of apoptosis and expression of genes encoding Akt, FOXO3, Bcl2 and p53. The CCK-8 assay, cytoskeletal staining and flow cytometry were used to test cell viability, morphology and apoptosis, respectively. Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to monitor changes in gene expression, and HPLC to determine the rate of FA clearance. Treatment of N2a cells with 0.09 mmol L(-1) FA for 24 h significantly reduced cell viability, changed cell morphology and promoted apoptosis. Both TLJN and GP conferred neuroprotection to FA-treated N2a cells, whereas PNS, which had to be used at lower concentrations because of its toxicity, did not. Our data demonstrate that TLJN can rescue neuronal damage caused by FA and that its main ingredient, GP, has a major role in this efficacy. This presents purified GP as a drug or lead compound for the treatment of AD.
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124
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Glutathione-Dependent Detoxification Processes in Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:2570-82. [PMID: 25428182 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes have a pivotal role in brain as partners of neurons in homeostatic and metabolic processes. Astrocytes also protect other types of brain cells against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species and are considered as first line of defence against the toxic potential of xenobiotics. A key component in many of the astrocytic detoxification processes is the tripeptide glutathione (GSH) which serves as electron donor in the GSH peroxidase-catalyzed reduction of peroxides. In addition, GSH is substrate in the detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds by GSH-S-transferases which generate GSH conjugates that are efficiently exported from the cells by multidrug resistance proteins. Moreover, GSH reacts with the reactive endogenous carbonyls methylglyoxal and formaldehyde to intermediates which are substrates of detoxifying enzymes. In this article we will review the current knowledge on the GSH metabolism of astrocytes with a special emphasis on GSH-dependent detoxification processes.
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125
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Zhang XL, Pang W, Hu XT, Li JL, Yao YG, Zheng YT. Experimental primates and non-human primate (NHP) models of human diseases in China: current status and progress. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 35:447-64. [PMID: 25465081 PMCID: PMC4790274 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2014.6.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are phylogenetically close to humans, with many similarities in terms of physiology, anatomy, immunology, as well as neurology, all of which make them excellent experimental models for biomedical research. Compared with developed countries in America and Europe, China has relatively rich primate resources and has continually aimed to develop NHPs resources. Currently, China is a leading producer and a major supplier of NHPs on the international market. However, there are some deficiencies in feeding and management that have hampered China's growth in NHP research and materials. Nonetheless, China has recently established a number of primate animal models for human diseases and achieved marked scientific progress on infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases, reproductive diseases, neurological diseases, and ophthalmic diseases, etc. Advances in these fields via NHP models will undoubtedly further promote the development of China's life sciences and pharmaceutical industry, and enhance China's position as a leader in NHP research. This review covers the current status of NHPs in China and other areas, highlighting the latest developments in disease models using NHPs, as well as outlining basic problems and proposing effective countermeasures to better utilize NHP resources and further foster NHP research in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Jia-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China;Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan 650500, China.
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Yu J, Su T, Zhou T, He Y, Lu J, Li J, He R. Uric formaldehyde levels are negatively correlated with cognitive abilities in healthy older adults. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:172-84. [PMID: 24733650 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the abnormal accumulation of endogenous formaldehyde could be a critical factor in age-related cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation between uric formaldehyde and general cognitive abilities in a community-based elderly population, and to measure the extent and direction in which the correlation varied with demographic characteristics. Using a double-blind design, formaldehyde in human urine was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (n = 604), and general cognitive abilities were measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Demographic characteristics, in terms of age, gender, residential region, and education were taken into consideration. We found that uric formaldehyde levels were inversely correlated with the MoCA score, and the concentration varied with demographic features: higher odds of a high formaldehyde level occurred among the less educated and those living in old urban or rural areas. In cytological experiments, the level of cellular formaldehyde released into the medium increased as SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells were incubated for three days. Formaldehyde in excess impaired the processes of N2a cells and neurites of primary cultured rat hippocampal cells. However, removal of formaldehyde markedly rescued and regenerated the processes of N2a cells. These results demonstrated a negative correlation between the endogenous formaldehyde and general cognitive abilities. High formaldehyde levels could be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in older adults, and could be developed as a non-invasive marker for detection and monitoring of age-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Center on Ageing Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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127
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Wang F, Li C, Liu W, Jin Y. Potential mechanisms of neurobehavioral disturbances in mice caused by sub-chronic exposure to low-dose VOCs. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:250-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.882447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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128
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Aging-associated excess formaldehyde leads to spatial memory deficits. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1807. [PMID: 23657727 PMCID: PMC3648839 DOI: 10.1038/srep01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that formaldehyde participates in DNA demethylation/methylation cycle. Emerging evidence identifies that neuronal activity induces global DNA demethylation and re-methylation; and DNA methylation is a critical step for memory formation. These data suggest that endogenous formaldehyde may intrinsically link learning-responsive DNA methylation status and memory formation. Here, we report that during spatial memory formation process, spatial training induces an initial global DNA demethylation and subsequent re-methylation associated with hippocampal formaldehyde elevation then decline to baseline level in Sprague Dawley rats. Scavenging this elevated formaldehyde by formaldehyde-degrading enzyme (FDH), or enhancing DNA demethylation by a DNA demethylating agent, both led to spatial memory deficits by blocking DNA re-methylation in rats. Furthermore, we found that the normal adult rats intrahippocampally injected with excess formaldehyde can imitate the aged-related spatial memory deficits and global DNA methylation decline. These findings indicate that aging-associated excess formaldheyde contributes to cognitive decline during aging.
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129
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Low-frequency (1Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) reverses Aβ1–42-mediated memory deficits in rats. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:786-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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130
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Tulpule K, Dringen R. Formaldehyde in brain: an overlooked player in neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2013; 127:7-21. [PMID: 23800365 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is an environmental pollutant that is also generated in substantial amounts in the human body during normal metabolism. This aldehyde is a well-established neurotoxin that affects memory, learning, and behavior. In addition, in several pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, an increase in the expression of formaldehyde-generating enzymes and elevated levels of formaldehyde in brain have been reported. This article gives an overview on the current knowledge on the generation and metabolism of formaldehyde in brain cells as well as on formaldehyde-induced alterations in metabolic processes. Brain cells have the potential to generate and to dispose formaldehyde. In culture, both astrocytes and neurons efficiently oxidize formaldehyde to formate which can be exported or further oxidized. Although moderate concentrations of formaldehyde are not acutely toxic for brain cells, exposure to formaldehyde severely affects their metabolism as demonstrated by the formaldehyde-induced acceleration of glycolytic flux and by the rapid multidrug resistance protein 1-mediated export of glutathione from both astrocytes and neurons. These formaldehyde-induced alterations in the metabolism of brain cells may contribute to the impaired cognitive performance observed after formaldehyde exposure and to the neurodegeneration in diseases that are associated with increased formaldehyde levels in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Tulpule
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune, India
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131
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The protective effect of geniposide on human neuroblastoma cells in the presence of formaldehyde. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:152. [PMID: 23815892 PMCID: PMC3702466 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Formaldehyde can induce misfolding and aggregation of Tau protein and β amyloid protein, which are characteristic pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An increase in endogenous formaldehyde concentration in the brain is closely related to dementia in aging people. Therefore, the discovery of effective drugs to counteract the adverse impact of formaldehyde on neuronal cells is beneficial for the development of appropriate treatments for age-associated cognitive decline. Methods In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective properties of TongLuoJiuNao (TLJN), a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, against formaldehyde stress in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y cell line). The effect of TLJN and its main ingredients (geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1) on cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular antioxidant activity and the expression of apoptotic-related genes in the presence of formaldehyde were monitored. Results Cell counting studies showed that in the presence of TLJN, the viability of formaldehyde-treated SH-SY5Y cells significantly recovered. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that the morphology of formaldehyde-injured cells was rescued by TLJN and geniposide, an effective ingredient of TLJN. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of geniposide on formaldehyde-induced apoptosis was dose-dependent. The activity of intracellular antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) increased, as did mRNA and protein levels of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 after the addition of geniposide. In contrast, the expression of the apoptotic-related gene - P53, apoptotic executer - caspase 3 and apoptotic initiator - caspase 9 were downregulated after geniposide treatment. Conclusions Our results indicate that geniposide can protect SH-SY5Y cells against formaldehyde stress through modulating the expression of Bcl-2, P53, caspase 3 and caspase 9, and by increasing the activity of intracellular superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.
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132
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Liu J, Liu FY, Tong ZQ, Li ZH, Chen W, Luo WH, Li H, Luo HJ, Tang Y, Tang JM, Cai J, Liao FF, Wan Y. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 in breast cancer cells contributes to the production of endogenous formaldehyde in the metastatic bone cancer pain model of rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58957. [PMID: 23516587 PMCID: PMC3597561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone cancer pain seriously affects the quality of life of cancer patients. Our previous study found that endogenous formaldehyde was produced by cancer cells metastasized into bone marrows and played an important role in bone cancer pain. However, the mechanism of production of this endogenous formaldehyde by metastatic cancer cells was unknown in bone cancer pain rats. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is one of the major enzymes catalyzing the production of formaldehyde. The expression of LSD1 and the concentration of formaldehyde were up-regulated in many high-risk tumors. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether LSD1 in metastasized MRMT-1 breast cancer cells in bone marrows participated in the production of endogenous formaldehyde in bone cancer pain rats. Methodology/Principal Findings Concentration of the endogenous formaldehyde was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Endogenous formaldehyde dramatically increased in cultured MRMT-1 breast cancer cells in vitro, in bone marrows and sera of bone cancer pain rats, in tumor tissues and sera of MRMT-1 subcutaneous vaccination model rats in vivo. Formaldehyde at a concentration as low as the above measured (3 mM) induced pain behaviors in normal rats. The expression of LSD1 which mainly located in nuclei of cancer cells significantly increased in bone marrows of bone cancer pain rats from 14 d to 21 d after inoculation. Furthermore, inhibition of LSD1 decreased the production of formaldehyde in MRMT-1 cells in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of LSD1 inhibitor pargyline from 3 d to 14 d after inoculation of MRMT-1 cancer cells reduced bone cancer pain behaviors. Conclusion Our data in the present study, combing our previous report, suggested that in the endogenous formaldehyde-induced pain in bone cancer pain rats, LSD1 in metastasized cancer cells contributed to the production of the endogenous formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qian Tong
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hong Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Min Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cai
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: .
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133
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Tang XQ, Zhuang YY, Zhang P, Fang HR, Zhou CF, Gu HF, Zhang H, Wang CY. Formaldehyde impairs learning and memory involving the disturbance of hydrogen sulfide generation in the hippocampus of rats. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 49:140-9. [PMID: 23108488 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA), a well-known indoor and outdoor pollutant, has been implicated as the responsible agent in the development of neurocognitive disorders. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), the third gasotransimitter, is an endogenous neuromodulator, which facilitates the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation, involving the functions of learning and memory. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of FA on the formation of learning and memory and the generation of endogenous H(2)S in the hippocampus of rats. We found that the intracerebroventricular injection of FA in rats impairs the function of learning and memory in the Morris water maze and novel object recognition test and increases the formation of apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus. We also showed that FA exposure inhibits the expression of cystathionine β-synthase, the major enzyme responsible for endogenous H(2)S generation in hippocampus and decreases the production of endogenous H(2)S in hippocampus in rats. These results suggested that FA-disturbed generation of endogenous H(2)S in hippocampus leads to the oxidative stress-mediated neuron damage, ultimately impairing the function of learning and memory. Our findings imply that the disturbance of endogenous H(2)S generation in hippocampus is a potential contributing mechanism underling FA-caused learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Tang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, University of South China, 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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