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Seguel Suazo K, Dobbeleers T, Dries J. Bacterial community and filamentous population of industrial wastewater treatment plants in Belgium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:43. [PMID: 38180550 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of industrial water requires the removal of its pollutants, where biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the most used systems. Biological WWTPs make use of activated sludge (AS), where bacteria are responsible for the removal of pollutants. However, our knowledge of the microbial communities of industrial plants is limited. Understanding the microbial population is essential to provide solutions to industrial problems such as bulking. The aim of this study was to identify at a high taxonomic resolution the bacterial population of 29 industrial WWTPs using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our results revealed that the main functional groups were dominated by Thauera and Zoogloea within denitrifiers, Dechloromonas in phosphate-accumulating organisms, and Defluviicoccus in glycogen-accumulating organisms. The activated sludge characterization indicated that 59% of the industrial plants suffered from bulking sludge, with DSVI values of up to 448 mL g-1. From the bulking cases, 72% corresponded to filamentous bulking with Thiothrix as the most abundant filament; meanwhile, the other 28% corresponded to viscous bulking sludge in which Zoogloea was the most abundant genus. Furthermore, the bacterial population did not share a core of taxa across all industrial plants. However, 20 genera were present in at least 50% of the plants comprising the general core, including Thauera, Ca. Competibacter, and several undescribed microorganisms. Moreover, statistical analysis revealed that wastewater salinity strongly affected the microbial richness of the industrial plants. The bacterial population across industrial plants differed considerably from each other, resulting in unique microbial communities that are attributed to the specificity of their wastewaters. KEY POINTS: • The general core taxa of industrial plants were mostly made up of undescribed bacterial genera. • Filamentous bacteria constituted on average 4.1% read abundance of the industrial WWTPs. • Viscous bulking remains a significant type of bulking within industrial WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Seguel Suazo
- Biochemical Wastewater Valorization and Engineering (BioWAVE), Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Thomas Dobbeleers
- Biochemical Wastewater Valorization and Engineering (BioWAVE), Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jan Dries
- Biochemical Wastewater Valorization and Engineering (BioWAVE), Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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Schoeneberger C, Dunn JB, Masanet E. Technical, Environmental, and Economic Analysis Comparing Low-Carbon Industrial Process Heat Options in U.S. Poly(vinyl chloride) and Ethylene Manufacturing Facilities. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4957-4967. [PMID: 38446013 PMCID: PMC10956540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrification and clean hydrogen are promising low-carbon options for decarbonizing industrial process heat, which is an essential target for reducing sector-wide emissions. However, industrial processes with heat demand vary significantly across industries in terms of temperature requirements, capacities, and equipment, making it challenging to determine applications for low-carbon technologies that are technically and economically feasible. In this analysis, we develop a framework for evaluating life cycle emissions, water use, and cost impacts of electric and clean hydrogen process heat technologies and apply it in several case studies for plastics and petrochemical manufacturing industries in the United States. Our results show that industrial heat pumps could reduce emissions by 12-17% in a typical poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) facility in certain locations currently, compared to conventional natural gas combustion, and that other electric technologies in PVC and ethylene production could reduce emissions by nearly 90% with a sufficiently decarbonized electric grid. Life cycle water use increases significantly in all low-carbon technology cases. The levelized cost of heat of viable low-carbon technologies ranges from 15 to 100% higher than conventional heating systems, primarily due to energy costs. We discuss results in the context of relevant policies that could be useful to manufacturing facilities and policymakers for aiding the transition to low-carbon process heat technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Schoeneberger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
| | - Jennifer B. Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
| | - Eric Masanet
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management,
University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara,
California 93106, United States
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Khamies M, Hagar M, Kassem TSE, Moustafa AHE. Case study of chemical and enzymatic degumming processes in soybean oil production at an industrial plant. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4064. [PMID: 38374296 PMCID: PMC10876682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The vegetable oil degumming process plays a critical role in refining edible oil. Phospholipids (PL) removal from crude extracted soybean oil (SBO) by the enzymatic degumming process has been investigated in this work. Enzymatic degumming of extracted SBO with microbial phospholipase A1 PLA-1 Quara LowP and Lecitase Ultra enzymes have also been studied comparatively. The main novelty of our work is the use of the enzymatic degumming process on an industrial scale (600 tons a day). Many parameters have been discussed to understand in detail the factors affecting oil losses during the degumming process. The factors such as chemical conditioning (CC) by phosphoric acid 85%, the enzyme dosage mg/kg (feedstock dependent), the enzymatic degumming reaction time, and the characteristics of the plant-processed SBO have been discussed in detail. As a main point, the degummed oil with a phosphorus content of < 10 mg/kg increases yield. Quara LowP and Lecitase Ultra enzymes are not specific for certain phospholipids PL; however, the conversion rate depends on the SBO phospholipid composition. After 4 h, over 99% of Phospholipids were degraded to their lysophospholipid LPL (lysolecithin). The results showed a significant effect of operating parameters and characteristics of different origins of SBO, fatty acids FFA content, Phosphorus content and total divalent metals (Calcium Ca, Magnesium Mg and Iron Fe mg/kg) content on the oil loss. The benefit of using enzymatic degumming of vegetable oils rather than traditional chemical refining is that the enzymatic degumming process reduces total oil loss. This decrease is known as enzymatic yield. The enzymatic degumming also decreases wastewater and used chemicals and running costs; moreover, it enables physical refining by lowering the residue phosphorus to < 10 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Khamies
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.
- Faculty of Advanced Basic Sciences, Alamein International University, Alamein City, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Taher S E Kassem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Amira Hossam Eldin Moustafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. 426 Ibrahemia, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.
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Nanni A, Colonna M, Liberati G, Bonoli A. A novel process for the complete recycling of exhausted coffee capsules with a fully circular approach: Design of the industrial plant and Techno-Economic analysis of the process. Waste Manag 2024; 174:114-125. [PMID: 38041980 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present the technical and feasibility analysis of an innovative mechanical recycling system for exhausted coffee capsules. This recycling process involved the sorting of spent coffee grounds (SGC) and the subsequent drying and melt-mixing of a portion of these grounds with the remaining capsule components, mainly composed of polypropylene (PP), along with optional virgin PP. These newly developed composite materials exhibited mechanical and rheological properties comparable or even surpassing those of virgin PP. They were also successfully utilized for the injection of new capsule shells, thus alignin with the principles of the circular economy. In addition to the technical aspects, this paper present a comprehensive Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) of the proposed recycling processes, considering the inclusion of virgin PP (0-20 %) and the initial moisture content (MSGC) of SGC(5-55 %) as varying factors. An industrial plant, designed to handle up to 190 million exhausted coffee capsules and produce up to 1500 tons of recycled compund was appropriately sized. The analysis revealed that processes are profitable across all examined scenarios and that the Net Present Value ranged between 800 k€ (for vPP = 20 % and MSGC = 55 %) and 2000 k€ (for vPP = 0 % and MSGC = 5 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nanni
- SPORT TECHNOLOGY LAB - DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; RE-SPORT srl, via G. Fanin 48, 40127 Bologna, Italy; AgroMateriae srl, Via Granarolo 177/3, 48018 Faenza RA, Italy.
| | - M Colonna
- SPORT TECHNOLOGY LAB - DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; RE-SPORT srl, via G. Fanin 48, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - G Liberati
- Raw Materials Engineering and Circular Economy LAB - DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Bonoli
- Raw Materials Engineering and Circular Economy LAB - DICAM, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
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Yeh MP, Wu LF, Fan ET, Chen T, Chuang TS, Lee SL, Tung KL. Characteristics of inorganic acid emission from various generation semiconductor manufacturing factories. Chemosphere 2024; 347:140745. [PMID: 37981016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
With advancements in semiconductor industry technology, the gas emissions per wafer have decreased, but the emission compositions have shown significant differences. This study analyzed nine semiconductor plants representing different generations of process technologies, ranging from 3 μm to 12 nm technology nodes. Stack inspections were conducted on the acid, alkali, and organic exhaust systems to understand the characteristics of inorganic acid emissions in plants in different process technologies. The analysis showed that with technological process and air pollution control equipment advancements, the emissions of inorganic acids per wafer decreased by 38% compared to the first generation. It is worth noting that both hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid are identified as the primary pollutants in traditional semiconductor process plants. At the same time, H2SO4 was instead the primary pollutant in advanced process plants. Based on these characteristics, each plant has established relevant improvement strategies. After two years of improvement, the emissions of inorganic acids per wafer in each generation of plants are evidenced to have further decreased by 15-56%. Hence, it is shown that these initiatives and studies have successfully helped to reduce air pollution emissions and promote advanced green manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Peng Yeh
- Environmental Lab., Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Fang Wu
- Facility Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - En-Tsu Fan
- Facility Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Tony Chen
- Facility Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Sou Chuang
- Facility Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Sher Ling Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lun Tung
- Facility Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Ramos Guerrero FG, Signorini M, Garre A, Sant'Ana AS, Ramos Gorbeña JC, Silva Jaimes MI. Quantitative microbial spoilage risk assessment caused by fungi in sports drinks through multilevel modelling. Food Microbiol 2023; 116:104368. [PMID: 37689415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The risk of fungal spoilage of sports drinks produced in the beverage industry was assessed using quantitative microbial spoilage risk assessment (QMSRA). The most relevant pathway was the contamination of the bottles during packaging by mould spores in the air. Mould spores' concentration was estimated by longitudinal sampling for 6 years (936 samples) in different production areas and seasons. This data was analysed using a multilevel model that separates the natural variability in spore concentration (as a function of sampling year, season, and area) and the uncertainty of the sampling method. Then, the expected fungal contamination per bottle was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation, considering their settling velocity and the time and exposure area. The product's shelf life was estimated through the inoculation of bottles with mould spores, following the determination of the probability of visual spoilage as a function of storage time at 20 and 30 °C using logistic regression. The Monte Carlo model estimated low expected spore contamination in the product (1.7 × 10-6 CFU/bottle). Nonetheless, the risk of spoilage is still relevant due to the large production volume and because, as observed experimentally, even a single spore has a high spoilage potential. The applicability of the QMSRA during daily production was made possible through the simplification of the model under the hypothesis that no bottle will be contaminated by more than one spore. This simplification allows the calculation of a two-dimensional performance objective that combines the spore concentration in the air and the exposure time, defining "acceptable combinations" according to an acceptable level of spoilage (ALOS; the proportion of spoiled bottles). The implementation of the model at the operational level was done through the representation of the simplified model as a two-dimensional diagram that defines acceptable and unacceptable areas. The innovative methodology employed here for defining and simplifying QMSRA models can be a blueprint for future studies aiming to quantify the risk of spoilage of other beverages with a similar scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix G Ramos Guerrero
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru; Centro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación de Bacteriología Alimentaria (CLEIBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jirón Puno 1002, Lima 1, Peru.
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805 (3080), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto Garre
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (ETSIA), Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan C Ramos Gorbeña
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru
| | - Marcial I Silva Jaimes
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru; Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Avenida La Molina s/n, Lima 12, Peru
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Shimojima Y, Kanai Y, Moriyama T, Arakawa S, Tamura Y, Okada Y, Morita Y. Environmental Monitoring of Food Manufacturing Facilities for Listeria: A Case Study. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100149. [PMID: 37633514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring programs (EMPs) for food production facilities are useful for verifying general sanitation controls and are recommended as verification measures to ensure that the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point plan is working effectively. In this study, EMPs for Listeria were conducted at three food production facilities to assess the efficacy of sanitation control and establish effective sanitation control methods. In Facility A, L. monocytogenes was detected in the clean area although in Zone 3, non-food-contact surfaces. To prevent contamination from dirty areas, the cleaning practices in the preparation room were investigated. Normal cleaning combined with disinfection with carbonated hypochlorite water (chlorine concentration, 150 ppm) proved effective. At Facility B, a salad product and its ingredients (pastrami and salami) were positive for L. monocytogenes serotype 3b. The bacterial count was <10/g in all samples. However, when inoculated with L. monocytogenes isolates, the growth of approximately 2 log cfu/g was observed on pastrami after 48 h of incubation at 10°C. The ingredients were commercially purchased blocks that were sliced in a slicer at Facility B and used as salad toppings. Because both unopened blocks were negative for L. monocytogenes, contamination of the slicer was suspected. Sampling of the slicer revealed that contamination by L. monocytogenes serotype 3b was more extensive after use than before use. Therefore, the slicer was disassembled, cleaned, and disinfected thoroughly. In Facility C, L. monocytogenes serotype 4b (4e) was detected in all the dirty, semiclean, and clean areas. The strain was also isolated from the wheels of a smoking cart transported across the zones. Therefore, efforts were made to frequently clean and disinfect the cart. EMPs revealed the presence of Listeria in each facility and allowed remedial measures to be undertaken. Continued monitoring and Plan-Do-Check-Act cycles were considered desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Shimojima
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kanai
- Neogen Japan, 1-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | | | - Sayoko Arakawa
- Sagamihara City, 2-11-15 Chuo, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5277, Japan
| | - Yumi Tamura
- Institute of Public Health, Sagamihara City, 2-11-15 Chuo, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5277, Japan
| | - Yumiko Okada
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yukio Morita
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Safaei Kouchaksaraei E, Khosravani Semnani A, Powell KM, Kelly KE. Regional impacts on air quality and health of changing a manufacturing facility's grid-boiler to a combined heat and power system. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2023; 73:760-776. [PMID: 37602777 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2023.2248922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Poor air quality is linked to numerous adverse health effects including strokes, heart attacks, and premature death. Improving energy efficiency in the industrial sector reduces air emissions and yields health benefits. One of these strategies, replacing an existing grid boiler (GB) with a combined heat and power (CHP) system, can improve a facility's energy efficiency but can also increase local air emissions, which in turn can affect health outcomes. Previous studies have considered air-emissions and health outcomes of CHP system installation at a single location, but few studies have investigated the regional air quality and health impacts of replacing an existing GB with new CHP system. This study estimates the emission changes and associated health impacts of this shift in 14 regions in the US, representing different electricity generation profiles. It assumes that one manufacturing facility in each region switches from an existing GB to a CHP system. The monetized annual US health benefits of shifting a single GB to a CHP in each of the 14 regions range from $-5.3 to 0.55 million (2022 USD), while including CHP emission control increases the benefits by 100-170% ($9,000 to 1.15 million (2022 USD)). This study also includes a sensitivity analysis, which suggests that the facility location (region, state, and county), boiler efficiency, and emission control of the CHP are key factors that would determine whether shifting from a GB to CHP system would result in health benefits or burdens.Implications: Combined heat and power (CHP) systems offer industrial facilities the opportunity to improve their energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, CHP systems also combust more fuel on site and can also increase local air emissions. This study evaluates how converting an existing grid boiler (GB) system to a CHP system (with or without emission control) affects local (from combustion) and regional emissions (from electricity consumption) and the associated health burdens in different US regions. A facility can use this study's analysis as an example for estimating the tradeoffs between local emission changes, regional emission changes, and health effects. It also provides a comparison between the incremental cost of adding SCR (compared to uncontrolled CHPs) and the NPV of the monetized health benefits associated with adding the SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kody M Powell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kerry E Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Halim I, Azizul I, David CCH, Hanis A, Hafiz B, Naiemy R, Hibatul HJ, Azila A, Huam ZS. Noise-induced hearing loss among manufacturing factory workers in Kuching, Sarawak: Prevalence and associated risk factors. Med J Malaysia 2023; 78:559-565. [PMID: 37775479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common problem worldwide. Increased globalisation, as well as industrialisation, gives rise to an increase in the incidence of NIHL worldwide. Malaysia is not spared from this problem, either. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of NIHL and its associated factors among manufacturing factory workers. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was done in Kuching, Sarawak, involving 173 randomly selected respondents among manufacturing factory workers. Data collected were respondents' workplace monitoring data and their audiometry records obtained from the factory record, and the otoscopy examinations performed. In addition, respondents were required to fill up an interviewer-guided questionnaire. RESULTS The prevalence of NIHL was high (49.7%). The factors which were found to have a significant association with NIHL in bivariate analysis were age (p < 0.05, 95% CI), male gender (p < 0.05; OR - 7.60; CI 3.34 -18.38), duration of employment (p <0.05), knowledge of noise level (p < 0.05; OR - 4.11; CI 1.10 - 15.28), working at polishing department (p < 0.05; OR - 4.23; CI 2.13 - 8.43), and smoking (p < 0.05; OR - 39.6; CI 16.5 - 94.8). Pack-years of smoking were also found to have a significant association with p < 0.05. However, only smoking was statistically significant in multivariate analysis, where the risk of developing NIHL was 27.55 (p < 0.005; CI 10.74 - 70.64) among smokers. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of NIHL despite the existing Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) may indicate that there may be some elements in HCP that require close monitoring by the factory management, and the importance of smoking cessation among the workers exposed to noise at the workplace should be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Halim
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I Azizul
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C C H David
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - A Hanis
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B Hafiz
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Naiemy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H J Hibatul
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Azila
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z S Huam
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang F, Zhu S, Chen S, Hao Z, Fang Y, Zou H, Cai Y, Cao B, Zhang K, Cao H, Chen Y, Hu T, Wang Z. Application of machine learning for risky sexual behavior interventions among factory workers in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1092018. [PMID: 37601175 PMCID: PMC10437811 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessing the likelihood of engaging in high-risk sexual behavior can assist in delivering tailored educational interventions. The objective of this study was to identify the most effective algorithm and assess high-risk sexual behaviors within the last six months through the utilization of machine-learning models. Methods The survey conducted in the Longhua District CDC, Shenzhen, involved 2023 participants who were employees of 16 different factories. The data was collected through questionnaires administered between October 2019 and November 2019. We evaluated the model's overall predictive classification performance using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. All analyses were performed using the open-source Python version 3.9.12. Results About a quarter of the factory workers had engaged in risky sexual behavior in the past 6 months. Most of them were Han Chinese (84.53%), hukou in foreign provinces (85.12%), or rural areas (83.19%), with junior high school education (55.37%), personal monthly income between RMB3,000 (US$417.54) and RMB4,999 (US$695.76; 64.71%), and were workers (80.67%). The random forest model (RF) outperformed all other models in assessing risky sexual behavior in the past 6 months and provided acceptable performance (accuracy 78%; sensitivity 11%; specificity 98%; PPV 63%; ROC 84%). Discussion Machine learning has aided in evaluating risky sexual behavior within the last six months. Our assessment models can be integrated into government or public health departments to guide sexual health promotion and follow-up services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiben Zhu
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyu Hao
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bolin Cao
- School of Media and Communication, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kechun Zhang
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Cao
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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van der Galiën R, Langen AL, Jacobs LJM, Hagen B, Flahive K, Chatterjee SD, van Amsterdam MC. Setup of a Contamination Control Strategy Using the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Methodology. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2023; 77:317-328. [PMID: 37188535 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2022.012783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A Contamination Control Strategy (CCS) is a document that focuses on how to prevent contaminations with microorganisms, particles, and pyrogens within sterile and/or aseptic and preferably also in nonsterile manufacturing facilities. This document determines to what extent measures and controls in place are efficient in preventing contamination. In order to efficiently evaluate and control all potential hazards associated with sources of contamination within a CCS, the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) methodology could be a useful tool to monitor all Critical Control Points (CCPs) related to various sources of contamination. This article describes a way to set up the CCS within a pharmaceutical sterile and aseptic manufacturing facility (GE HealthCare Pharmaceutical Diagnostics) by applying the HACCP methodology. In 2021, a global CCS procedure and a general HACCP template became effective for the GE HealthCare Pharmaceutical Diagnostics sites having sterile and/or aseptic manufacturing processes. This procedure guides the sites through the setup of the CCS by applying the HACCP methodology and helps each site to evaluate whether the CCS is still effective taking all (proactive and retrospective) data following the CCS into account. A summary of setting up a CCS using the HACCP methodology, specifically for the pharmaceutical company GE HealthCare Pharmaceutical Diagnostics Eindhoven site, is provided in this article. Use of the HACCP methodology enables a company to include proactive data within the CCS, making use of all identified sources of contamination, associated hazards, and/or control measures and CCPs. The constructed CCS allows the manufacturer to identify whether all included sources of contamination are under control and, if not, which mitigatory actions need to be performed. All current states are reflected by a traffic light color to reflect the level of residual risk, thereby providing a simple and clear visual representation of the current contamination control and microbial state of the manufacturing site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van der Galiën
- General Electric HealthCare B.V., De Rondom 8, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - A L Langen
- General Electric HealthCare B.V., De Rondom 8, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - L J M Jacobs
- General Electric HealthCare B.V., De Rondom 8, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - B Hagen
- General Electric HealthCare AS., Nycoveien 1, 0485 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - K Flahive
- General Electric HealthCare, IDA Business Park, Carrigtwohill, Ireland
| | - S D Chatterjee
- General Electric HealthCare B.V., De Rondom 8, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M C van Amsterdam
- General Electric HealthCare B.V., De Rondom 8, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Matthes KL, Le Vu M, Bhattacharyya U, Galliker A, Kordi M, Floris J, Staub K. Reinfections and Cross-Protection in the 1918/19 Influenza Pandemic: Revisiting a Survey Among Male and Female Factory Workers. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605777. [PMID: 37180611 PMCID: PMC10169597 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic highlights questions regarding reinfections and immunity resulting from vaccination and/or previous illness. Studies addressing related questions for historical pandemics are limited. Methods: We revisit an unnoticed archival source on the 1918/19 influenza pandemic. We analysed individual responses to a medical survey completed by an entire factory workforce in Western Switzerland in 1919. Results: Among the total of n = 820 factory workers, 50.2% reported influenza-related illness during the pandemic, the majority of whom reported severe illness. Among male workers 47.4% reported an illness vs. 58.5% of female workers, although this might be explained by varied age distribution for each sex (median age was 31 years old for men, vs. 22 years old for females). Among those who reported illness, 15.3% reported reinfections. Reinfection rates increased across the three pandemic waves. The majority of subsequent infections were reported to be as severe as the first infection, if not more. Illness during the first wave, in the summer of 1918, was associated with a 35.9% (95%CI, 15.7-51.1) protective effect against reinfections during later waves. Conclusion: Our study draws attention to a forgotten constant between multi-wave pandemics triggered by respiratory viruses: Reinfection and cross-protection have been and continue to be a key topic for health authorities and physicians in pandemics, becoming increasingly important as the number of waves increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina L. Matthes
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Le Vu
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonia Galliker
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Kordi
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joël Floris
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Jia X, Li X, Zhou L, Hui Y, Li W, Cai Y, Shi Y. Variations of the Level, Profile, and Distribution of PFAS around POSF Manufacturing Facilities in China: An Overlooked Source of PFCA. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:5264-5274. [PMID: 36939348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated inside two manufacturing facilities in China. Levels, profiles, and spatial distribution of the detected PFAS were found to be distinctly site-specific and influenced by the area's historic function, production structure of the plant, downpour-induced accidental pollution, and variations in the adsorption and transport of compounds. Very high concentrations of PFAS [mainly C4 and C8 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs)] were found in topsoil and groundwater from both plants, with the highest values of 4.89 × 106 μg/kg dw and 1.10 × 104 μg/L, respectively. Elevated concentrations of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in this study were attributed to their unintentional formation during the electrochemical fluorination process, which might be an overlooked source of PFCA. PFAS generally showed decreasing trends from shallow layers to the bottom of the soil core and demonstrated some downward migrations at different soil depths with time, and C4-C8 PFAS presented a deeper seepage than their long-chain homologues. Total organic carbon appeared to be more important for PFAS sorption to the topsoil than to the soil core. Workers were at potential risk of exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid via soil at production and storage related sites. This study provides a critical reference for the systematic control of PFAS pollution around manufacturing facilities and a proof for an overlooked source of PFCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yamei Hui
- CSD IDEA (Beijing) Environmental Test & Analysis Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- CSD IDEA (Beijing) Environmental Test & Analysis Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Chen YL, Luo WH. Comparative Ergonomic Study Examining the Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder Symptoms of Taiwanese and Thai Workers in a Tape Manufacturing Factory. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2958. [PMID: 36833662 PMCID: PMC9957323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study surveyed 114 Taiwanese and 57 Thai workers in a tape manufacturing factory in Taiwan and evaluated their symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) and associated risk factors by using the revised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Task-appropriate biomechanical and body load assessment tools were also employed to examine biomechanical and body load during four specified daily tasks. The results indicated that the prevalence of discomfort symptoms in any body part within one year was 81.6% for the Taiwanese workers and 72.3% for the Thai workers. The body part in which the Taiwanese workers most frequently experienced discomfort was the shoulders (57.0%), followed by the lower back (47.4%), the neck (43.9%), and the knees (36.8%); where the Thai workers most frequently experienced discomfort was the hands or wrists (42.1%), followed by the shoulders (36.8%) and the buttocks or thighs (31.6%). These locations of discomfort were associated with task characteristics. Heavy-material handling (>20 kg) more than 20 times per day was the most significant risk factor for WMSDs for both groups, and this task must thus be urgently improved. We also suggest that providing wrist braces for Thai workers may assist in alleviating their hand and wrist discomfort. The biomechanical assessment results indicated that the compression forces acting on the workers' lower backs exceeded the Action Limit standard; administrative controls must thus be instituted for two heavy-material handling tasks. In the factory, some tasks and workers' movements when completing these tasks must be assessed and improved immediately by using appropriate tools. Although the Thai workers were engaged in more physically demanding tasks, their WMSDs were milder than those of the Taiwanese workers. The results of the study can serve as references for the prevention and reduction of WMSDs in local and foreign workers in similar industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hua Luo
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
- Seal King Industrial Corporation, Taoyuan 33044, Taiwan
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15
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Hung AY, Chien LC, Lin RT. Association between shift rotation and 30-year Framingham risk of cardiovascular disease among male workers in a medium-sized manufacturing factory. Ind Health 2023; 61:14-23. [PMID: 35249896 PMCID: PMC9902265 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rotating shift work is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study compared the CVD risk score in 129 male line workers aged 22-49 years on different shifts in a medium-sized metal production factory from 2017 to 2020. We classified workers into four groups: permanent day shift, weekly rotation involving five consecutive nights, weekly rotation involving 3-4 consecutive nights, and monthly rotation involving two consecutive nights. We used the Framingham Risk Score to estimate the 30-yr risks of general and hard CVD (CVD risk estimates). We investigated the differences in CVD risk estimates between different groups using linear mixed models. The average 30-yr Framingham CVD risk estimates of each group ranged from 17.5% to 31.2% for general CVD and from 10.5% to 20.5% for hard CVD. Workers on weekly rotations involving 3-5 consecutive nights had 5%-10% significantly higher CVD risk estimates than workers on the permanent day shift. Workers on weekly rotations also had 6%-8% higher BMI-based CVD risk estimates than those on the monthly rotation involving two consecutive nights. While 24-h shift rotations are unavoidable, our findings underscored the potential CVD risk among workers on weekly rotations involving more consecutive nights.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yi Hung
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chang Chien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, USA
| | - Ro-Ting Lin
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taiwan
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16
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Issakhov A, Alimbek A, Abylkassymova A. Numerical modeling of water pollution by products of chemical reactions from the activities of industrial facilities at variable and constant temperatures of the environment. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 252:104116. [PMID: 36508757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The work focuses on the behavior of heated effluents discharged at elevated temperatures into the Ilek River, which is located in the city of Aktobe, Kazakhstan, as a result of industrial activities. This study is aimed at studying the dispersion characteristics of heated effluents in the near and far fields at different flow rates and dynamic conditions of the river. The chemical reaction, which is formed as a result of the combination of the ejected substance and the substance in water, is numerically investigated. The work took into account the variable temperature of the river, which changes during the day, and the values were compared with the results of modeling at a constant river temperature. It was found that, although the emitted element HNO2 does not exceed the maximum permissible value (MPC), but the resulting products (HNO3,HCl) exceed the MPC several times and cause significant damage to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibek Issakhov
- Kazakh British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; International Information Technology University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Aidana Alimbek
- al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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17
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Policastro G, Cesaro A. Composting of Organic Solid Waste of Municipal Origin: The Role of Research in Enhancing Its Sustainability. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 20:ijerph20010312. [PMID: 36612633 PMCID: PMC9819849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The organic solid waste of municipal origin stands as one of the residual streams of greatest concern: the great amounts continuously produced over time as well as its biochemical and physical characteristics require its proper handling via biological processes, pursuing the recovery of material and/or the generation of energy. At the European level, most of the industrial plants treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) rely on composting, which is a well-established and reliable process that is easy to operate in different socio-economic contexts. Nevertheless, when regarded in a life cycle perspective as well as in the view of the principles of circular economy underlying waste management, several issues (e.g., the presence of toxic substances in compost) can be recognized as technical challenges, requiring further studies to identify possible sustainable solutions. This work aims at discussing these challenges and figuring out the state of the art of composting in a circular perspective. Firstly, the main mentioned issues affecting compost quality and process sustainability are briefly reviewed. Next, to promote the effective use of composting in light of the circular economy principles, research experiences are critically presented to highlight the current technical challenges concerning the environmental and health impact reduction and possible scientific perspectives to overcome issues affecting the compost quality. Based on the critical analysis of reviewed studies, it emerged that further research should be aimed at unveiling the hazard potential of emerging contaminants as well as to address the understanding of the mechanisms underlying their potential removal during composting. Moreover, the adoption of a multidisciplinary perspective in the design of research studies may play a key role towards the definition of cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategies to overcome the technical issues affecting the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Policastro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Telematic University Pegaso, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cesaro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
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18
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Zhou J, Baumann K, Surratt JD, Turpin BJ. Legacy and emerging airborne per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) collected on PM 2.5 filters in close proximity to a fluoropolymer manufacturing facility. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2022; 24:2272-2283. [PMID: 36349377 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large fluoropolymer manufacturing facilities are major known sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), many of which accumulate in groundwater, surface water, crops, wildlife, and people. Prior studies have measured high PFAS concentrations in groundwater, drinking water, soil, as well as dry and wet deposition near fluoropolymer facilities; however, much less is known about near-source PFAS air concentrations. We measured airborne PFAS on PM2.5 filters in close proximity to a major fluoropolymer manufacturing facility (Chemours' Fayetteville Works) located near Fayetteville, North Carolina, USA. Weekly PM2.5 filter samples collected over a six-month field campaign using high-volume air samplers at locations 3.7 km apart, north-northeast and south-southwest of the facility were analyzed for thirty-four targeted ionic PFAS species by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Twelve emerging and ten legacy PFAS compounds were detected. Thirteen PFAS were found at higher concentrations in these nearfield samples than at regional background sites, suggesting a local source for these compounds. Five emerging and five legacy PFAS compounds had maximum concentrations exceeding 1 pg m-3. PFBA, PFHxA, PFHxDA, PFOS, PMPA, NVHOS, PFO5DoA, and Nafion BP1 contributed the most to the total (legacy + emerging) PFAS concentration (86%). Six PFAS, specifically PFBA, PFOS, PFO5DoA, Nafion BP1, Nafion BP2, and Nafion BP4, provide a consistent representative profile of elevated species across the two sites (with detection frequency >50%). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report both legacy and emerging ionic PFAS in air in close proximity to a U.S. fluoropolymer manufacturing facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhou
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Karsten Baumann
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Picarro Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Barbara J Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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19
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Liu X, Du H, Tang L, Bo X, Li J, Zuo J, Brown MA, Jia M, Feng K. Relocating Industrial Plants Delivers Win-Win Emission Reduction Benefits to Origin and Destination Regions. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:16043-16054. [PMID: 36240454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Relocating pollution-intensive factories is one of the most effective measures to meet mandatory environmental regulations in developed cities while simultaneously imposing environmental pressure on the receiving cities. Existing studies often assume that relocated plants produce the same or higher emissions when relocated. However, the current pollution mitigation policies enforce even higher emission standards in the destination after plant relocation. We employ a bottom-up pollution accounting approach to assess the impact of intraregional or interregional relocation of iron and steel plants in China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) area on various air pollutants; specifically, seven policy scenarios are modeled, based on stringency, implementation scope, and production technologies. We find that relocation combined with emission standards enforcement and shifts from BOF (basic oxygen furnace) to EAF (electric arc furnace) production technology may significantly reduce emissions within and outside BTH areas by as much as 28.8% compared to business as usual. The observed reduction is mainly due to the requirement of meeting ultralow emission standards directly or indirectly after relocation. Both origin and destination cities benefit from the relocation, with limited emission spillovers (+9.1%) for destinations outside BTH and even a net reduction (9.4%) in Tangshan. We conclude that combining factory relocation with stricter emission standards and production technological innovation could circumvent the Pollution Haven Hypothesis and deliver win-win air pollution reduction benefits for both origins and destinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai264209, China
| | - Huibin Du
- College of Management and Economics and National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Ling Tang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Xin Bo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai264209, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- School of Architecture & Built Environment; Entrepreneurship, Commercialisation and Innovation Centre (ECIC), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia
| | - Marilyn A Brown
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Min Jia
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Kuishuang Feng
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
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20
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Yendell SJ, Janowiak D, Yannarelly J, Rezania Z, Haugen KMB, Yang D, Kelly J, Huff D, Surdo P. Tackling the Lead Gremlins: A Response to Take-Home Lead Exposure in a Minnesota Industrial Facility, 2019. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S655-S657. [PMID: 36179301 PMCID: PMC9528642 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure that occurs from contamination inadvertently brought home from a workplace is known as take-home exposure. Take-home exposures are a public health hazard that adversely affects health equity for families and communities. This article describes coordinated action by agencies in Minnesota to curb lead exposure among children of workers at a facility that produces fishing sinkers and battery terminals. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S7):S655-S657. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306982).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Yendell
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
| | - Dana Janowiak
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
| | - Jim Yannarelly
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
| | - Zaynab Rezania
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
| | - Kathryn M B Haugen
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
| | - Duzong Yang
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
| | - James Kelly
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
| | - Daniel Huff
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
| | - Peter Surdo
- Stephanie J. Yendell, Zaynab Rezania, Kathryn M. B. Haugen, Duzong Yang, James Kelly, and Daniel Huff are with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), St Paul. Dana Janowiak and Jim Yannarelly are with St Paul‒Ramsey County Public Health (SPRCPH), St Paul. Peter Surdo is with the Minnesota Attorney General's Office, St Paul
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21
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Sun Y, Fesenko H, Kharchenko V, Zhong L, Kliushnikov I, Illiashenko O, Morozova O, Sachenko A. UAV and IoT-Based Systems for the Monitoring of Industrial Facilities Using Digital Twins: Methodology, Reliability Models, and Application. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22176444. [PMID: 36080903 PMCID: PMC9459757 DOI: 10.3390/s22176444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper suggests a methodology (conception and principles) for building two-mode monitoring systems (SMs) for industrial facilities and their adjacent territories based on the application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Internet of Things (IoT), and digital twin (DT) technologies, and a set of SM reliability models considering the parameters of the channels and components. The concept of building a reliable and resilient SM is proposed. For this purpose, the von Neumann paradigm for the synthesis of reliable systems from unreliable components is developed. For complex SMs of industrial facilities, the concept covers the application of various types of redundancy (structural, version, time, and space) for basic components-sensors, means of communication, processing, and presentation-in the form of DTs for decision support systems. The research results include: the methodology for the building and general structures of UAV-, IoT-, and DT-based SMs in industrial facilities as multi-level systems; reliability models for SMs considering the applied technologies and operation modes (normal and emergency); and industrial cases of SMs for manufacture and nuclear power plants. The results obtained are the basis for further development of the theory and for practical applications of SMs in industrial facilities within the framework of the implementation and improvement of Industry 4.0 principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sun
- School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Herman Fesenko
- Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vyacheslav Kharchenko
- Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Luo Zhong
- School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ihor Kliushnikov
- Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Illiashenko
- Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga Morozova
- Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University “KhAI”, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy Sachenko
- Research Institute for Intelligent Computer Systems, West Ukrainian National University, 11, Lvivska Str., 46009 Ternopil, Ukraine
- Department of Informatics and Teleinformatics, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Malczewskiego 29, 26-600 Radom, Poland
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22
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Tran LT, Kieu TC, Bui HM, Nguyen NT, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DT, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen HTA, Le TH, Takahashi S, Tu MB, Hoang AQ. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor dusts from industrial factories, offices, and houses in northern Vietnam: Contamination characteristics and human exposure. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:2375-2388. [PMID: 34196882 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Information about the occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor dusts from various industrial sectors in Southeast Asia is still scarce. In this study, concentrations and congener-specific profiles of PBDEs were determined in indoor dusts from industrial factories, offices, and houses in northern Vietnam. Levels of Σ8PBDEs were higher in the office dusts (median 270; range 230-300 ng/g) and factory dusts (170; 89-510 ng/g) than in the house dusts (61; 25-140 ng/g). BDE-209 was the most dominant congener, accounting for 27-98% (average 62%) of Σ8PBDEs, suggesting the abundance of products treated with deca-BDE mixtures. Residential, commercial, and industrial activities in the studied locations of this survey were not significant sources of PBDEs as compared to those of informal waste processing activities in Vietnam. Relatively low PBDE concentrations detected in our dust samples partially reflect effectiveness of the global PBDE phase-out. Human exposure and health risk associated with dust-bound PBDEs were estimated, indicating acceptable levels of risk (i.e., neurobehavioral effects). The contributions of workplace dusts in total daily intake doses of PBDEs via dust ingestion were more important for local workers in informal recycling areas than factory workers and general population, raising the need of appropriate labor protection measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieu Thi Tran
- Viet Nam National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 99 Tran Quoc Toan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Tien Cao Kieu
- Viet Nam National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 99 Tran Quoc Toan, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Hien Minh Bui
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Trong Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Environment, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Khoai Chau, 17000, Hung Yen, Vietnam.
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, TNU University of Science, Thai Nguyen University, Tan Thinh Ward, Thai Nguyen City, 24000, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Dat Tien Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trung Quang Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 10000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Anh Nguyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen Huu Le
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Minh Binh Tu
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Anh Quoc Hoang
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan.
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23
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Pétré MA, Salk KR, Stapleton HM, Ferguson PL, Tait G, Obenour DR, Knappe DRU, Genereux DP. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in river discharge: Modeling loads upstream and downstream of a PFAS manufacturing plant in the Cape Fear watershed, North Carolina. Sci Total Environ 2022; 831:154763. [PMID: 35339537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Cape Fear River is an important source of drinking water in North Carolina, and many drinking water intakes in the watershed are affected by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We quantified PFAS concentrations and loads in river water upstream and downstream of a PFAS manufacturing plant that has been producing PFAS since 1980. River samples collected from September 2018 to February 2021 were analyzed for 13 PFAS at the upstream station and 43-57 PFAS downstream near Wilmington. Frequent PFAS sampling (daily to weekly) was conducted close to gauging stations (critical to load estimation), and near major drinking water intakes (relevant to human exposure). Perfluoroalkyl acids dominated upstream while fluoroethers associated with the plant made up about 47% on average of the detected PFAS downstream. Near Wilmington, Σ43PFAS concentration averaged 143 ng/L (range 40-377) and Σ43PFAS load averaged 3440 g/day (range 459-17,300), with 17-88% originating from the PFAS plant. LOADEST was a useful tool in quantifying individual and total quantified PFAS loads downstream, however, its use was limited at the upstream station where PFAS levels in the river were affected by variable inputs from a wastewater treatment plant. Long-term monitoring of PFAS concentrations is warranted, especially at the downstream station. Results suggest a slight downward trend in PFAS levels downstream, as indicated by a decrease in flow-weighted mean concentrations and the best-fitting LOADEST model. However, despite the cessation of PFAS process wastewater discharge from the plant in November 2017, and the phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in North America, both fluoroethers and legacy PFAS continue to reach the river in significant quantities, reflecting groundwater discharge to the river and other continuing inputs. Persistence of PFAS in surface water and drinking water supplies suggests that up to 1.5 million people in the Cape Fear watershed might be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Pétré
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Now at Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
| | - K R Salk
- Tetra Tech Center for Ecological Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - H M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - P L Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - G Tait
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - D R Obenour
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - D R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - D P Genereux
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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24
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Rendón J, Murillo Gómez DM, Colorado HA. Useful tools for integrating noise maps about noises other than those of transport, infrastructures, and industrial plants in developing countries: Casework of the Aburra Valley, Colombia. J Environ Manage 2022; 313:114953. [PMID: 35367679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of environmental noise in developing countries is conditioned by characteristics that are not only linked to transport, infrastructures, and industrial plants in the annuity (common representation in noise maps), but also to other types of sources and periodicities that can influence significantly in noise levels. For this reason, this work proposes different temporal analyzes during the annuity that can be linked to the noisy activities typical of developing tropical countries. To do this, a noise monitoring network composed of seven monitors representing different sources present in the Aburrá Valley (AV) in Colombia is analyzed with measurements of LAeq, every hour, in a period between August 2016 and July 2019. The results show that AV noise is strongly influenced by leisure activities related to high-power sound systems, different celebrations, and continuous noise from car traffic that affect the population mainly on weekends and nights. This work marks a clear path to precisely address noise pollution in the action plans of developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeiser Rendón
- CCComposites Laboratory, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | | | - Henry A Colorado
- CCComposites Laboratory, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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25
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Hou M, Jin Q, Na G, Cai Y, Shi Y. Emissions, Isomer-Specific Environmental Behavior, and Transformation of OBS from One Major Fluorochemical Manufacturing Facility in China. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8103-8113. [PMID: 35686732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS), a novel alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), has been widely used in various fields in China and has certain toxic effects similar to PFOS. This study monitored OBS and 15 legacy PFASs in surface water, sediment, soil, and crucian carp near a fluorochemical manufacturing factory (FMF) in Suqian, China, focusing on the emission, isomer-specific environmental fate, and transformation of OBS. One to four orders of magnitude higher concentrations of OBS than other polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in all samples indicate that industrial emission is an important point source of OBS in the surrounding environment. The concentrations of OBS in surface water, sediment, and soil decreased exponentially as the distance from the FMF increases. The proportions of OBS-c, the dominant isomer, increased in the order: water (75.5 ± 6.4%), sediment (85.7 ± 10%), fish (muscle: 94.1 ± 0.99%; blood: 93.5 ± 1.4%), suggesting its preferential accumulation in sediment and fish than other isomers. Mono-hydroxylated transformation products of OBS were first identified in water, sediment, and fish, suggesting its hydroxylation may exist in the real environment. The transformation of OBS may explain its significantly lower bioaccumulation than PFOS in fish. However, considering the higher BAF of OBS than the regulatory bioaccumulation criterion and the possible stronger toxicity of its transformation products, further studies on its bioaccumulation and transformation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yali Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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26
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Xie LN, Wang XC, Su LQ, Ji SS, Dong XJ, Zhu HJ, Hou SS, Wang C, Li ZH, Dong B, Zhu Y. Serum concentrations of per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances and its association with renal function parameters among teenagers near a Chinese fluorochemical industrial plant: A cross-sectional study. Environ Pollut 2022; 302:119020. [PMID: 35183668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, studies on the association between per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations and the renal function of residents, especially teenagers, living near fluorochemical industrial plants, are relatively rare, and not all these studies suggested associations. In this cross-sectional study, 775 local teenagers (11-15 years old) were included, and serum concentrations of 18 PFAS were measured. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was found to be the dominant PFAS with a concentration of 22.3-3310 ng/mL (mean = 191 ng/mL), accounting for 71.5-99.1% of ΣPFAS. Statistical analyses demonstrated that internal exposure of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA, C8-C10) was related to the plant. In addition, the prevalence rate of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (35.0%) in the participants was relatively high. A significantly positive association was observed between the increase in PFOA concentration and increasing risk of CKD (OR = 1.741; 95% CI: 1.004, 3.088; p = 0.048) by adjusting for gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and household income. Similar positive correlation was also observed in PFHpA with CKD (OR = 1.628, 95% CI: 1.031, 2.572; p = 0.037). However, no significant correlation was observed for concentrations of other PFAS and CKD (p > 0.05). Furthermore, linear regression analyses demonstrated that none of the PFAS concentrations were significantly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio (ACR) (p > 0.05). However, a significantly negative correlation was observed between PFOA concentration and abnormal ACR (β = -0.141, 95% CI: -0.283, 0.001; p = 0.048) after stratifying by CKD. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed these results. This cross-sectional study is the first, to our knowledge, to investigate the association between PFAS concentrations and renal function in teenagers living near a Chinese industrial plant. Further prospective and metabonomic studies are needed to interpret the results and clarify the biological mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Na Xie
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Li-Qin Su
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sai-Sai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sha-Sha Hou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhen-Huan Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bing Dong
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.
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27
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Blázquez E, Pujols J, Segalés J, Rodríguez C, Campbell J, Russell L, Polo J. Estimated quantity of swine virus genomes based on quantitative PCR analysis in spray-dried porcine plasma samples collected from multiple manufacturing plants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259613. [PMID: 35604901 PMCID: PMC9126402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This survey was conducted to estimate the incidence and level of potential viral contamination in commercially collected porcine plasma. Samples of spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) were collected over a 12- month period from eight spray drying facilities in Spain, England, Northern Ireland, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. In this survey, viral load for several porcine pathogens including SVA, TGEV, PRRSV (EU and US strains), PEDV, PCV-2, SIV, SDCoV and PPV were determined by qPCR. Regression of Ct on TCID50 of serial diluted stock solution of each virus allowed the estimate of potential viral level in SDPP and unprocessed liquid plasma (using typical solids content of commercially collected porcine plasma). In this survey SVA, TGEV or SDCoV were not detected in any of the SDPP samples. Brazil SDPP samples were free of PRRSV and PEDV. Samples of SDPP from North America primarily contained the PRRSV-US strain while the European samples contained the PRRSV-EU strain (except for one sample from each region containing a relatively low estimated level of the alternative PRRSV strain). Estimated viral level tended to be in the range from <1.0 log10 TCID50 to <2.5 log10 TCID50. Estimated level of SIV was the exception with a very low incidence rate but higher estimated viral load <3.9 log10 TCID50. In summary, the incidence of potential viral contamination in commercially collected porcine plasma was variable and estimated virus level in samples containing viral DNA/RNA was relatively low compared with that occurring at the peak viremia during an infection for all viruses or when considering the minimal infectious dose for each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Blázquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA-IRTA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- APC EUROPE S.L.U., Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Reemerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Pujols
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA-IRTA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Reemerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Reemerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Javier Polo
- APC EUROPE S.L.U., Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
- APC LLC, Ankeny, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Liu A, Yi J, Ding X, Deng J, Wu D, Huo Y, Jiang J, Li Q, Chen J. An online technology for effectively monitoring inorganic condensable particulate matter emitted from industrial plants. J Hazard Mater 2022; 428:128221. [PMID: 35007968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of condensable particulate matter (CPM) has gradually exceeded that of filterable particulate matter emitted from industrial plants equipped with advanced air pollution control systems. However, there is still no available online technology to measure CPM emissions. Based on the significant linear correlations (R2 > 0.87, p < 3 × 10-3) between the electrical conductivity (EC) values and ionic mass concentrations of the CPM solutions when the interference of H+ was excluded. We developed an online inorganic CPM monitoring system, including a cooling and condensation unit, pH and EC meters, a self-cleaning unit, and an automatic control unit. The CPM mass concentrations obtained by the developed online monitoring system agree well (mean bias 3.8-20.7%) with those obtained by the offline system according to USEPA Method 202 when used in parallel during real-world studies. Furthermore, individual ion mass concentrations of CPMs can even be retrieved separately with a time resolution of one hour when industrial plants are under steady operating conditions. The newly developed system makes the online monitoring of CPM emissions available and lays a foundation for the control of CPM emitted from industrial sources to further improve air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jinrun Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianguo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Di Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yaoqiang Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention,National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), No. 3663 Northern Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
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29
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Shu S, Lü Y, Wu X, Liu H. Pollution characteristics and vertical cutoff wall optimization at an industrial contaminated site in China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 235:113435. [PMID: 35334237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vertical cutoff walls have been widely used in the remediation of contaminated sites. However, determining the best method for evaluating the long-term barrier performance of vertical cutoff walls presents a major difficulty in actual projects. Here, a case study is presented for a typical electroplating, medical, and chemical industrial park in China. Based on the analysis of groundwater pollution characteristics at the site, pollutants included metals (Ni, Al), ammonia nitrogen, and 1,2-dichloroethane. Finite element model simulations of Ni transport at the site showed that a vertical cutoff wall with a thickness of 60 cm and a hydraulic conductivity of 1.0 × 10-8 cm/s could significantly attenuate pollutant transport in the horizontal direction. Compared with other methods such as reducing the hydraulic conductivity or increasing the adsorption retardation factor of the vertical cutoff wall, increasing the thickness was more effective in controlling pollutant transport at the study site. Doubling the thickness would cause the Ni leakage concentration to decrease by more than 98% and the breakthrough time to increase by more than 47 years. It is recommended that the thickness of cutoff walls be maximized to optimize their effects on pollutant transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
| | - Yiyan Lü
- Zhejiang Huadong Construction Engineering CO., LTD, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Hejuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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30
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Panagopoulos A. Study and evaluation of the characteristics of saline wastewater (brine) produced by desalination and industrial plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:23736-23749. [PMID: 34816342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Desalination and industrial plants all around the world generate large amounts of saline wastewater (brine). The discharge of brine from facilities poses a severe environmental threat, while at the same time, the opportunity to recover resources is being lost as discharged brine is rich in valuable metals that could be recovered as salts/minerals. To this aim, this study presents and analyzes for the first time the characteristics of different brine effluents (from industries such as desalination, oil and gas production, petrochemical, aquaculture, pharmaceutical, textile) to prevent environmental pollution and to recover valuable resources (i.e., salts, minerals, metals, chemicals) enabling the concept of waste-to-resource (circular water economy model). The results revealed that the common salinity values in brine effluents range from 0.5 to 150 g/L, while the only exception is the produced water from the oil and gas industry (up to 400 g/L). Brine effluents from all sectors contain sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium ions in high concentrations, while the production of common salts such as NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 from brine can be economically profitable. Besides common ions, precious metals such as lithium, rubidium, and cesium are present in low concentrations (<25 mg/L); however, their extraction from brine effluents can be significantly profitable due to their very high sale price. The treatment and valorization of brine can be implemented by the hybridization of membrane-based, chemical, biological, and thermal-based technologies/processes in minimal and zero liquid discharge (MLD/ZLD) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Panagopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece.
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31
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Cerezci O, Kanberoglu B, Yener SC. ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LEVELS OF CLEANING PRODUCT MANUFACTURING FACTORY WORKERS TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2022; 198:197-207. [PMID: 35229159 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the levels of the electromagnetic field of frequency between 0 Hz and 300 GHz bands in the working area and the evaluation of the results measured in terms of international standards is now essential according to the regulation of working safety and health. In this study, electromagnetic field measurements were performed in a cleaning product manufacturing factory with 400 workers. Electric and magnetic field measurements were performed at 10 different departments of the factory with extremely low-frequency and broadband (radiofrequency) frequencies. Obtained values are shown and analysed with graphs and compared by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and National Information Technology and Communication Authority (Turkey) limits. Also, an assessment is made for the occupational electromagnetic field levels in the factory and recommendations are suggested for the lowest risk occurrence and providing a healthier working environment for workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Cerezci
- Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baha Kanberoglu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Suayb Cagri Yener
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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32
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Chen T, Wang X, Jia J, Wang D, Gao Y, Yang X, Zhang S, Niu P, Shi Z. Reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number in occupational workers from brominated flame retardants manufacturing plants. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:151086. [PMID: 34687703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) and its substitute decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) are two flame retardants that have similar structure and are widely used in various industrial products. The accumulation and potential toxicity of them to human health have already aroused attention, and some research showed that they may affect mitochondrial function. Therefore, this study focused on the population with high exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and the related changes in mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in whole blood. 334 blood samples were collected from three groups of people in Shandong Province, including 42 BDE-209 occupational exposure workers from the BDE-209 manufacturing plant, 131 DBDPE occupational exposure workers from the DBDPE manufacturing plant, and 161 non-BFRs occupational exposure residents from the BFRs contaminated area. We measured the levels of BDE-209, DBDPE in serum sample, and the mtDNAcn in whole blood sample and analyzed these data by multiple linear regression. The average concentrations of BDE-209, DBDPE and ∑(BDE-209 + DBDPE) in BDE-209 occupational workers were 3510, 639 and 4600 ng/g lw, respectively; the average concentrations of BDE-209, DBDPE and ∑(BDE-209 + DBDPE) in DBDPE occupational workers were 229, 4040 and 4470 ng/g lw, respectively; the average concentrations of BDE-209, DBDPE and ∑(BDE-209 + DBDPE) in non-BFRs occupational exposure residents were 66.3, 45.7 and 137 ng/g lw, respectively. The relative mtDNAcn was 0.823 in BDE-209 occupational workers, 0.845 in DBDPE occupational workers and 0.989 in non-BFRs occupational exposure residents. A 10-fold increase in BDE-209, DBDPE concentrations was separately associated with a 0.068 and 0.063 decrease in mtDNAcn. Therefore, our study implied that BFRs may affect mitochondrial function. As increasing BFRs exposure has emerged in recent years, the relationship between BFRs exposure and mitochondrial function needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaxin Jia
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dejun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yanxin Gao
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shixuan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Andrew A, Zhou J, Gui J, Shi X, Li M, Harrison A, Guetti B, Nathan R, Butt T, Peipert D, Tischbein M, Pioro EP, Stommel E, Bradley W. ALS risk factors: Industrial airborne chemical releases. Environ Pollut 2022; 295:118658. [PMID: 34921938 PMCID: PMC10752435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases are sporadic (∼90%) and environmental exposures are implicated in their etiology. Large industrial facilities are permitted the airborne release of certain chemicals with hazardous properties and report the amounts to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of its Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) monitoring program. The objective of this project was to identify industrial chemicals released into the air that may be associated with ALS etiology. We geospatially estimated residential exposure to contaminants using a de-identified medical claims database, the SYMPHONY Integrated Dataverse®, with ∼26,000 nationally distributed ALS patients, and non-ALS controls matched for age and gender. We mapped TRI data on industrial releases of 523 airborne contaminants to estimate local residential exposure and used a dynamic categorization algorithm to solve the problem of zero-inflation in the dataset. In an independent validation study, we used residential histories to estimate exposure in each year prior to diagnosis. Air releases with positive associations in both the SYMPHONY analysis and the spatio-temporal validation study included styrene (false discovery rate (FDR) 5.4e-5), chromium (FDR 2.4e-4), nickel (FDR 1.6e-3), and dichloromethane (FDR 4.8e-4). Using a large de-identified healthcare claims dataset, we identified geospatial environmental contaminants associated with ALS. The analytic pipeline used may be applied to other diseases and identify novel targets for exposure mitigation. Our results support the future evaluation of these environmental chemicals as potential etiologic contributors to sporadic ALS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Xun Shi
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Bart Guetti
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Tanya Butt
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Erik P Pioro
- Center for ALS and Related Disorders, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Walter Bradley
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Billy RG, Monnier L, Nybakke E, Isaksen M, Müller DB. Systemic Approaches for Emission Reduction in Industrial Plants Based on Physical Accounting: Example for an Aluminum Smelter. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:1973-1982. [PMID: 35042334 PMCID: PMC8812049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting in industrial plants usually has multiple purposes, including mandatory reporting, shareholder and stakeholder communication, developing key performance indicators (KPIs), or informing cost-effective mitigation options. Current carbon accounting systems, such as the one required by the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), ignore the system context in which emissions occur. This hampers the identification and evaluation of comprehensive mitigation strategies considering linkages between materials, energy, and emissions. Here, we propose a carbon accounting method based on multilevel material flow analysis (MFA), which aims at addressing this gap. Using a Norwegian primary aluminum production plant as an example, we analyzed the material stocks and flows within this plant for total mass flows of goods as well as substances such as aluminum and carbon. The results show that the MFA-based accounting (i) is more robust than conventional tools due to mass balance consistency and higher granularity, (ii) allows monitoring the performance of the company and defines meaningful KPIs, (iii) can be used as a basis for the EU ETS reporting and linked to internal reporting, (iv) enables the identification and evaluation of systemic solutions and resource efficiency strategies for reducing emissions, and (v) has the potential to save costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain G. Billy
- Industrial
Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Louis Monnier
- Industrial
Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
- Utopies, 25 Rue Titon, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Even Nybakke
- Hydro
Aluminium, Drammensveien 264, 0283 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Daniel B. Müller
- Industrial
Ecology Programme, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
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Donmezoglu Olmez C, Aksoy A. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of waste generation in a refrigerator-manufacturing plant based on a waste tree and mass balance. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:6977-6989. [PMID: 34467479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, wastes originating at each production station during refrigerator manufacturing were identified and classified based on a waste tree. A mass balance study revealed a total waste production factor of 0.046 kg/kg of a product of which 75.3%, 23.9%, and 0.8% were non-hazardous wastes (NHWs), packaging wastes (PWs), and hazardous wastes (HWs), respectively. Wastes produced during refrigerator manufacturing were grouped under 35 different waste codes. Waste codes that contributed more than 5% by weight were 15 02 02 (contaminated absorbent material), 15 01 10 (contaminated packaging), 16 02 13 (electronic cards), 07 02 14 (polyol) and 08 05 01 (isocyanates), 19 08 13 (treatment sludge), 16 02 15 (capacitors), and 13 01 13 (hydraulic oil) for HWs, 12 01 01 (ferrous metal), and 16 02 16 (components) for NHWs, and, finally, 15 01 03 (wooden), 15 01 01 (paper&cardboard), and 15 01 02 (plastic) for PWs over 5 years. Scrap costs were used as a surrogate to determine production stages that generated high amounts of metal and plastic wastes. Logarithmically, increasing and decreasing trends were observed for PWs and NHWs over the study period, respectively. HW amounts did not exhibit a statistically significant trend. Twenty-eight BATs (best available techniques) were identified that could be applied in refrigerator manufacturing for waste minimization and management. Among those, 8 of them were proposed for further improvement for waste management in the facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Donmezoglu Olmez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Aksoy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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36
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Nelson NG, Cuchiara ML, Hendren CO, Jones JL, Marshall AM. Hazardous Spills at Retired Fertilizer Manufacturing Plants Will Continue to Occur in the Absence of Scientific Innovation and Regulatory Enforcement. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:16267-16269. [PMID: 34843213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G Nelson
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Maude L Cuchiara
- Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone 28608-2067, North Carolina, United States
- Geological and Environmental Science, Appalachian State University, Boone 28608-2067, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Anna-Maria Marshall
- Sociology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, United States
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37
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Barisci S, Suri R. Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Water Sci Technol 2021; 84:3442-3468. [PMID: 34928819 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused serious problems for drinking water supplies especially at intake locations close to PFAS manufacturing facilities, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and sites where PFAS-containing firefighting foam was regularly used. Although monitoring is increasing, knowledge on PFAS occurrences particularly in municipal and industrial effluents is still relatively low. Even though the production of C8-based PFAS has been phased out, they are still being detected at many WWTPs. Emerging PFAS such as GenX and F-53B are also beginning to be reported in aquatic environments. This paper presents a broad review and discussion on the occurrence of PFAS in municipal and industrial wastewater which appear to be their main sources. Carbon adsorption and ion exchange are currently used treatment technologies for PFAS removal. However, these methods have been reported to be ineffective for the removal of short-chain PFAS. Several pioneering treatment technologies, such as electrooxidation, ultrasound, and plasma have been reported for PFAS degradation. Nevertheless, in-depth research should be performed for the applicability of emerging technologies for real-world applications. This paper examines different technologies and helps to understand the research needs to improve the development of treatment processes for PFAS in wastewater streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Barisci
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Temple University, 1947 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA E-mail:
| | - Rominder Suri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Temple University, 1947 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA E-mail:
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38
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Wu Y, Xu Z, Liu S, Tang M, Lu S. Emission characteristics of PM 2.5 and components of condensable particulate matter from coal-fired industrial plants. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:148782. [PMID: 34274667 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), including condensable particulate matter (CPM) and filterable particulate matter (FPM), emitted from coal combustion is one of the major contributors to air pollution. In this study, CPM and FPM were sampled from two coal-fired industrial boilers with air pollution control devices (APCDs). The emission concentration of total PM (CPM and FPM) and inorganic components of CPM were studied. The organic fractions in CPM and raw coal were analyzed using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The concentrations of total PM in the flue gas decreased from 1475.61 to 7.68 mg/Nm3 in unit 1, and from 2451.62 to 29.38 mg/Nm3 in unit 2 after the flue gas passed through the APCDs. CPM accounted for 51.42-91.93% of total PM emitted from stacks, of which organic components (73.87-96.30%) were one of the main constituents. Although aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the major components of raw coal, they were almost nonexistent in the CPM emitted from coal combustion. Saturated hydrocarbons accounted for the largest proportion of organic components in CPM, 49.19% in unit 1 and 61.16% in unit 2. The proportion of esters in the oxygen-containing derivatives of CPM emitted from two units was relatively high. SO42- was the inorganic component with the largest concentration in CPM emitted from the boiler units. This study will improve the understanding of the emissions levels of PM2.5 and the properties of CPM that originate from the coal-fired industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenyao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Minghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Matsukami H, Hashimoto S, Suzuki G. Investigation of novel brominated triazine-based flame retardant (TDBP-TAZTO) and its transformation products emitted from fire-retarded textile manufacturing facility and its downstream sewage treatment plant. Sci Total Environ 2021; 791:148233. [PMID: 34126480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of transformation products from novel flame retardants emitted throughout their life cycles is crucial for understanding and predicting environmental and human health risks posed by them during the material and product life cycle. Here, to understand more about the emission of TDBP-TAZTO to the environment, we investigated the presence of novel brominated triazine-based flame retardant 1,3,5-tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TDBP-TAZTO) and its transformation products in the effluent from a facility manufacturing fire-retarded textiles, and in the influent, effluent, and sludge of its closest downstream sewage treatment plant. To acquire mass spectra data of the transformation products in the influent, effluent, and sludge, non-target analysis was carried out by electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-high-resolution mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography (LC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS). Then, the HaloSeeker 2.0 software was used to filter the mass spectrometry data for signals attributable to halogenated compounds. Combination of LC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS accurate mass measurements and HaloSeeker screening allowed us to determine the most probable elemental compositions and structures of 11 transformation products from TDBP-TAZTO and to construct a possible transformation pathway that included dehydrobromination, hydroxylation, and decarbonylation reactions. Based on analysis of the absolute intensities, we found that TDBP-TAZTO and its transformation products may not be easily removed by current sewage treatment plant process. There are increasing concerns about environmental contamination by TDBP-TAZTO and its transformation products different from the one which have previously been considered to be c-decaBDE and its lower brominated congeners. However, the present data suggest that concern is also warranted over the presence of TDBP-TAZTO and its transformation products in the environment. The present data will be useful for assessing, predicting, and understanding the environmental contamination and human health risks posed by TDBP-TAZTO, and for considering appropriate measures to control the emission of TDBP-TAZTO and its transformation products during product life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsukami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.
| | - Shunji Hashimoto
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
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Mutetwa B, Moyo D, Brouwer D. Trends in Airborne Chrysotile Asbestos Fibre Concentrations in Asbestos Cement Manufacturing Factories in Zimbabwe from 1996 to 2016. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182010755. [PMID: 34682496 PMCID: PMC8535792 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zimbabwe has two major factories that have been manufacturing chrysotile asbestos cement products since the 1940s. Exposure monitoring of airborne fibres has been ongoing since the early 1990s. This study examines trends in personal exposure chrysotile asbestos fibre concentrations for the period 1996–2016. Close to 3000 historical personal exposure measurements extracted from paper records in the two factories were analysed for trends in exposure. Exposure over time was characterised according to three time periods and calendar years. Mean personal exposure chrysotile asbestos fibre concentrations generally showed a downward trend over the years in both factories. Exposure data showed that over the observed period 57% and 50% of mean personal exposure chrysotile asbestos fibre concentrations in the Harare and Bulawayo factories, respectively, were above the OEL, with overexposure being exhibited before 2008. Overall, personal exposure asbestos fibre concentrations in the factories dropped from 0.15 f/mL in 1996 to 0.05–0.06 f/mL in 2016—a decrease of 60–67%. These results can be used in future epidemiological studies, and in predicting the occurrence of asbestos-related diseases in Zimbabwe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mutetwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (D.M.) (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +263-773-429-838
| | - Dingani Moyo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (D.M.) (D.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midland State University, Gweru 054, Zimbabwe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo 029, Zimbabwe
| | - Derk Brouwer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (D.M.) (D.B.)
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Sun Q, Chen X, Lin T, Cheng X. Evaluation of Beta-Cyfluthrin Resistance of Cigarette Beetle (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) from Cigarette Manufacturing Factories of China and Underlying Metabolic Mechanisms Responsible for Resistance. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:1779-1788. [PMID: 34002794 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Beta-cyfluthrin, as a synthetic pyrethroid, has been widely used in cigarette manufacturing factories in China to control Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). In this study, spray toxicity bioassays and filter paper residual contact toxicity bioassays were conducted to investigate the beta-cyfluthrin sensitivity level of five field strains of L. serricorne collected from cigarette manufacturing factories in China. Bioassay results indicated that five field strains had developed different levels of resistance to beta-cyfluthrin with RR50 of 3.51-10.20 at 2 hr after application and 4.05-49.50 at 24 hr after application in spray toxicity bioassays, and RR50 of 4.74-14.47 at 2 hr exposure in filter paper residual contact bioassays. In addition, we examined CarE, GST, and CYP450 enzyme activity and content of L. serricorne adults and larvae. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results suggested that there was no significant difference in GST, CYP450, and CarE content of L. serricorne adults between field strains and reference sensitive strain. Biochemical assay results indicated that CYP450 activity of L. serricorne adults and larvae of five field strains was significantly higher than that of reference sensitive strain, with increased CYP450 activity of 1.08-1.82-fold in adults and 1.08-2.12-fold in larvae. The results implied that elevated CYP450 activity may contribute to metabolic resistance of L. serricorne to pyrethroid. Our study indicated that there was no clear evidence that the enhanced CarE and GST activity was associated with pyrethroid resistance of L. serricorne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xinsheng Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Hashimoto S, Matsukami H, Ieda T, Suzuki G. Comprehensive screening of polybromochlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans as mixed halogenated compounds in wastewater samples from industrial facilities by GC×GC/ToFMS and post-data processing. Chemosphere 2021; 276:130085. [PMID: 33690031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An enormous number of pollutants must be investigated to be able to understand which types threaten human health and environmental biota. In this study, we propose a workflow for screening polybromochlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBCDD/Fs), which are compounds that have thousands of isomers and congeners, by combining measurement of a sample without any in-laboratory-cleanup with the results of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and post-data processing. This process can be regarded as "in silico sample cleanup." The post-data processing stage comprises two methods in which the extracted mass spectra are matched to exact mass and isotopic ratios specified as formulae and filtering via mass deficiency. We applied this workflow to wastewater samples from industrial facilities to identify mixtures of halogenated dioxins. As a result, it was estimated that dioxins in an absolute quantity of 10-500 pg could be detected with sufficient accuracy by recovery testing of a standard mixture against sample crude extracts. Tri- to octa-halogenated dioxins were detected in 8 of 13 samples. Leachate from an industrial landfill was found to contain relatively large numbers of PBCDD/Fs, and several congeners were found in wastewater from an industrial fabric facility that handles decabromodiphenyl ether. The workflow, including the post-data processing method developed and applied in this study, has the advantage that additional identifications can be performed at any time from a single set of measurement data. This also enables the screening of substances that have thousands of homologous isomers, such as chlorinated and brominated dioxins, as well as other non-halogenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Hashimoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Matsukami
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Teruyo Ieda
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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Swope K, Morton J, Pogue GP, Hume S, Pauly MH, Shepherd J, Simpson CA, Bratcher B, Whaley KJ, Zeitlin L, Davis KR, Haydon H. Manufacturing plant-made monoclonal antibodies for research or therapeutic applications. Methods Enzymol 2021; 660:239-263. [PMID: 34742392 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) hold great promise for treating diseases ranging from cancer to infectious disease. Manufacture of mAbs is challenging, expensive, and time-consuming using mammalian systems. We describe detailed methods used by Kentucky BioProcessing (KBP), a subsidiary of British American Tobacco, for producing high quality mAbs in a Nicotiana benthamiana host. Using this process, mAbs that meet GMP standards can be produced in as little as 10 days. Guidance for using individual plants, as well as detailed methods for large-scale production, are described. These procedures enable flexible, robust, and consistent production of research and therapeutic mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi Swope
- Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc., Owensboro, KY, United States.
| | - Josh Morton
- Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc., Owensboro, KY, United States
| | | | - Steve Hume
- Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc., Owensboro, KY, United States
| | | | - John Shepherd
- Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc., Owensboro, KY, United States
| | | | - Barry Bratcher
- Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc., Owensboro, KY, United States
| | - Kevin J Whaley
- ZabBio, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States; Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- ZabBio, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States; Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Hugh Haydon
- Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc., Owensboro, KY, United States
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Gutiérrez JM, Zanette L, Vigilato MAN, Pompei JCA, Martins D, Fan HW. Appraisal of antivenom production in public laboratories in Latin America during the first semester of 2020: The impact of COVID-19. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009469. [PMID: 34138853 PMCID: PMC8211283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- * E-mail:
| | - Larissa Zanette
- Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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García-Pérez J, Lope V, Fernández de Larrea-Baz N, Molina AJ, Tardón A, Alguacil J, Pérez-Gómez B, Moreno V, Guevara M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Gómez-Acebo I, Molina-Barceló A, Martín V, Kogevinas M, Pollán M, Aragonés N. Risk of gastric cancer in the environs of industrial facilities in the MCC-Spain study. Environ Pollut 2021; 278:116854. [PMID: 33714062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the fifth most frequent tumor worldwide. In Spain, it presents a large geographic variability in incidence, suggesting a possible role of environmental factors in its etiology. Therefore, epidemiologic research focused on environmental exposures is necessary. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between risk of gastric cancer (by histological type and tumor site) and residential proximity to industrial installations, according to categories of industrial groups and specific pollutants released, in the context of a population-based multicase-control study of incident cancer conducted in Spain (MCC-Spain). METHODS In this study, 2664 controls and 137 gastric cancer cases from 9 provinces, frequency matched by province of residence, age, and sex were included. Distances from the individuals' residences to the 106 industries located in the study areas were computed. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for categories of distance (from 1 km to 3 km) to industries, adjusting for matching variables and potential confounders. RESULTS Overall, no excess risk of gastric cancer was observed in people living close to the industrial installations, with ORs ranging from 0.73 (at ≤2.5 km) to 0.93 (at ≤1.5 km). However, by industrial sector, excess risks (OR; 95%CI) were found near organic chemical industry (3.51; 1.42-8.69 at ≤2 km), inorganic chemical industry (3.33; 1.12-9.85 at ≤2 km), food/beverage sector (2.48; 1.12-5.50 at ≤2 km), and surface treatment using organic solvents (3.59; 1.40-9.22 at ≤3 km). By specific pollutant, a statistically significant excess risk (OR; 95%CI) was found near (≤3 km) industries releasing nonylphenol (6.43; 2.30-17.97) and antimony (4.82; 1.94-12.01). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest no association between risk of gastric cancer and living in the proximity to the industrial facilities as a whole. However, a few associations were detected near some industrial sectors and installations releasing specific pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Pérez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Virginia Lope
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Nerea Fernández de Larrea-Baz
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Antonio J Molina
- The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Adonina Tardón
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Facultad de Medicina, Campus de El Cristo B, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Av. Roma S/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Huelva, Campus Universitario de El Carmen, 21071, Huelva, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Víctor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospital Duran I Reynals, Avinguda de La Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Avinguda de La Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Carrer de Casanova 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Calle Leyre, 15, 31003, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Calle Leyre 15, 31003, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus Del Mar, Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - José J Jiménez-Moleón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. de La Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, Doctor Azpitarte 4 4(a) Planta, Edificio Licinio de La Fuente, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Universidad de Cantabria - IDIVAL, Avenida Cardenal Herrera Oria S/n, 39011, Santander, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Ana Molina-Barceló
- Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO - Public Health, Avda. de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín
- The Research Group in Gene - Environment and Health Interactions (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de León, Campus Universitario de Vegazana, 24071, León, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus Del Mar, Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Carrer Del Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Marina Pollán
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, C/San Martín de Porres, 6, 28035, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Spain.
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Pétré MA, Genereux DP, Koropeckyj-Cox L, Knappe DRU, Duboscq S, Gilmore TE, Hopkins ZR. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Transport from Groundwater to Streams near a PFAS Manufacturing Facility in North Carolina, USA. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:5848-5856. [PMID: 33797238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We quantified per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) transport from groundwater to five tributaries of the Cape Fear River near a PFAS manufacturing facility in North Carolina (USA). Hydrologic and PFAS data were coupled to quantify PFAS fluxes from groundwater to the tributaries. Up to 29 PFAS were analyzed, including perfluoroalkyl acids and recently identified fluoroethers. Total quantified PFAS (ΣPFAS) in groundwater was 20-4773 ng/L (mean = 1863 ng/L); the range for stream water was 426-3617 ng/L (mean = 1717 ng/L). Eight PFAS constituted 98% of ΣPFAS; perfluoro-2-(perfluoromethoxy)propanoic acid (PMPA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) accounted for 61%. For PFAS discharge from groundwater to one tributary, values estimated from stream water measurements (18 ± 4 kg/yr) were similar to those from groundwater measurements in streambeds (22-25 ± 5 kg/yr). At baseflow, 32 ± 7 kg/yr of PFAS discharged from groundwater to the five tributaries, eventually reaching the Cape Fear River. Given the PFAS emission timeline at the site, groundwater data suggest the abundant fluoroethers moved through the subsurface to streams in ≪50 yr. Discharge of contaminated groundwater may lead to long-term contamination of surface water and impacts on downstream drinking water supplies. This work addresses a gap in the PFAS literature: quantifying PFAS mass transfer between groundwater and surface water using field data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Amélie Pétré
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8201, North Carolina, United States
| | - David P Genereux
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8201, North Carolina, United States
| | - Lydia Koropeckyj-Cox
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8201, North Carolina, United States
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8201, North Carolina, United States
| | - Sandrine Duboscq
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8201, North Carolina, United States
| | - Troy E Gilmore
- Conservation and Survey Division-School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583, Nebraska, United States
| | - Zachary R Hopkins
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-8201, North Carolina, United States
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Oliva G, Zarra T, Pittoni G, Senatore V, Galang MG, Castellani M, Belgiorno V, Naddeo V. Next-generation of instrumental odour monitoring system (IOMS) for the gaseous emissions control in complex industrial plants. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129768. [PMID: 33736228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odour emissions from complex industrial plants may cause potential impacts on the surrounding areas. Consequently, the validation of effective tools for the control of the associated environmental pressures, without hindering economic growth, is strongly needed. Nowadays, senso-instrumental methods by using Instrumental Odour Emissions Systems (IOMSs) is among the most attractive tool for the continuous monitoring of environmental odours, allowing the possibility of obtaining real-time information to support the decision-making process and proactive approach. The systems complexity and scarcity of real data limited their wider full-scale employment. The study presents an advanced prototype of IOMS for the continuous classification and quantification of the odours emitted in ambient air by complex industrial plants, to continuously control the plants emissions with backwards approach. The IOMS device was designed and optimized and included the system for the automatic control of the conditions inside the measurement chamber. The designed operational procedures were presented and discussed. Results highlighted the influence of temperature and air flow rate for the measurement repeatability. Accurate prediction model was created and optimized and resulted able to distinguish 3 different industrial odour sources with accuracy approximately equal to 96%. The models were optimized thanks to the software features, which allowed to automatically apply the designed statistical procedures on the identified dataset with different pre-processing approach. The usefulness of having a fully-developed and user-friendly flexible system that allowed to select and automatically compare different settings options, including the different feature extraction methods, was demonstrated in order to identify the best prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oliva
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; SPONGE Srl, Accademic Spin Off of the University of Salerno, Laboratory SEED, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - T Zarra
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; SPONGE Srl, Accademic Spin Off of the University of Salerno, Laboratory SEED, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - G Pittoni
- SARTEC, Saras Ricerche e Tecnologie Srl, I Traversa 2(a) Strada Est, Macchiareddu, Assemini, CA, Italy.
| | - V Senatore
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - M G Galang
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - M Castellani
- SARTEC, Saras Ricerche e Tecnologie Srl, I Traversa 2(a) Strada Est, Macchiareddu, Assemini, CA, Italy.
| | - V Belgiorno
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; SPONGE Srl, Accademic Spin Off of the University of Salerno, Laboratory SEED, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - V Naddeo
- SEED - Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy; SPONGE Srl, Accademic Spin Off of the University of Salerno, Laboratory SEED, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Van Horne YO, Farzan SF, Johnston JE. Metal-mixtures in toenails of children living near an active industrial facility in Los Angeles County, California. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2021; 31:427-441. [PMID: 33935287 PMCID: PMC8893014 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children residing in communities near metalworking industries are vulnerable to multiple toxic metal exposures. Understanding biomarkers of exposure to multiple toxic metals is important to characterize cumulative burden and to distinguish potential exposure sources in such environmental justice neighborhoods impacted by industrial operations. Exposure to metal mixtures has not been well-characterized among children residing in the United States, and is understudied in communities of color. METHODS In this study we used toenail clippings, a noninvasive biomarker, to assess exposure to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and vanadium (V). We used nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to identify "source" signatures and patterns of exposure among predominantly working class Latinx children residing near an industrial corridor in Southeast Los Angeles County. Additionally, we investigated the association between participant demographic, spatial, and dietary characteristics with identified metal signatures. RESULTS Through NMF, we identified three groupings (source factors) for the metal concentrations in children's toenails. A grouping composed of Sb, Pb, As, and Cd, was identified as a potential industrial source factor, reflective of known airborne elemental emissions in the industrial corridor. We further identified a manganese source factor primarily composed of Mn, and a potential dietary source factor driven by Se and Hg. We observed differences in the industrial source factor by age of participants, while the dietary source factor varied by neighborhood. CONCLUSION Utilizing an unsupervised dimension reduction technique (NMF), we identified a "source signature" of contamination in toenail samples from children living near metalworking industry. Investigating patterns and sources of exposures in cumulatively burdened communities is necessary to identify appropriate public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill E Johnston
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Theisinger SM, de Smidt O, Lues JFR. Categorisation of culturable bioaerosols in a fruit juice manufacturing facility. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242969. [PMID: 33882058 PMCID: PMC8059861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioaerosols are defined as aerosols that comprise particles of biological origin or activity that may affect living organisms through infectivity, allergenicity, toxicity, or through pharmacological or other processes. Interest in bioaerosol exposure has increased over the last few decades. Exposure to bioaerosols may cause three major problems in the food industry, namely: (i) contamination of food (spoilage); (ii) allergic reactions in individual consumers; or (iii) infection by means of pathogenic microorganisms present in the aerosol. The aim of this study was to characterise the culturable fraction of bioaerosols in the production environment of a fruit juice manufacturing facility and categorise isolates as harmful, innocuous or potentially beneficial to the industry, personnel and environment. Active sampling was used to collect representative samples of five areas in the facility during peak and off-peak seasons. Areas included the entrance, preparation and mixing area, between production lines, bottle dispersion and filling stations. Microbes were isolated and identified using 16S, 26S or ITS amplicon sequencing. High microbial counts and species diversity were detected in the facility. 239 bacteria, 41 yeasts and 43 moulds were isolated from the air in the production environment. Isolates were categorised into three main groups, namely 27 innocuous, 26 useful and 39 harmful bioaerosols. Harmful bioaerosols belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Candida were present. Although innocuous and useful bioaerosols do not negatively influence human health their presence act as an indicator that an ideal environment exists for possible harmful bioaerosols to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirleen M. Theisinger
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olga de Smidt
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jan F. R. Lues
- Centre for Applied Food Sustainability and Biotechnology (CAFSaB), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Lim H, Lee YH, Bae S, Koh DH, Yoon M, Lee BE, Kim JS, Kwon HJ. Cancer cluster among small village residents near the fertilizer plant in Korea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247661. [PMID: 33630917 PMCID: PMC7906407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Jang-jeom, a small village in Hamra-myeon, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea, residents raised concerns about a suspected cancer cluster that they attributed to a fertilizer plant near the village. We aimed to investigate whether the cancer incidence in the village was higher than that in the general Korean population when the factory was in operation (2001-2017) and whether living in the village was associated with a higher risk of cancer. METHODS Using national population data and cancer registration data of South Korea, we estimated the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) in the village to investigate whether more cancer cases occurred in the village compared to other regions. The SIRs were standardized by age groups of 5 years and sex. In order to investigate whether residence in the village increased the risk of cancer, a retrospective cohort was constructed using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) databases. We estimated the cancer hazard ratios (HRs) using the Cox proportional hazard model, and defined the exposed area as the village of Jang-jeom, and the unexposed or control area as the village neighborhood in Hamra-myeon. We considered potential confounding variables such as age, sex, and income index in the models. Additionally, we measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), suspected carcinogens that may have caused the cancer cluster, in samples collected from the plant and the village. RESULTS Twenty-three cancer cases occurred in Jang-jeom from 2001 to 2017. Between 2010 and 2016, the incidence rates of all cancers (SIR: 2.05, except thyroid cancer: 2.22), non-melanoma skin cancer (SIR: 21.14, female: 25.41), and gallbladder (GB) and biliary tract cancer in men (SIR: 16.01) in the village were higher than those in the national population in a way that was statistically significant. In our cohort analysis that included only Hamra-myeon residents who have lived there for more than 7 years, we found a statistically significant increase in the risk of all cancers (HR: 1.99, except thyroid cancer: 2.20), non-melanoma skin cancer (HR: 11.60), GB and biliary tract cancer (HR: 15.24), liver cancer (HR: 6.63), and gastric cancer (HR: 3.29) for Jang-jeom residents compared to other Hamra area residents. We identified PAHs and TSNAs in samples of deposited dust and residual fertilizer from the plant and TSNAs in dust samples from village houses. CONCLUSIONS The results of the SIR calculation and cancer risk analyses of Jang-jeom village residents from the retrospective cohort design showed consistency in the effect size and direction, suggesting that there was a cancer cluster in Jang-jeom. This study would be a good precedent for cancer cluster investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungryul Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Han Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Koh
- Citizen Science Institute, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Yoon
- Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Lee
- Environmental Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Kim
- Institute for Environmental Safety and Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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