1
|
Nguyen HT, Maeng SK, Lee TK, Oh S. Environmental consequences of transformation products from an antibiotic mixture and their mitigation in a wastewater microbiome using an HCl-modified adsorbent. Bioresour Technol 2024; 395:130402. [PMID: 38295960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study enhanced our understanding of antibiotic mixtures' occurrence, transformation, toxicity, and ecological risks. The role of acid-modified biochar (BC) in treating antibiotic residues was explored, shedding light on how BC influences the fate, mobility, and environmental impact of antibiotics and transformation products (TPs) in an activated sludge (AS) microbiome. A mixture of oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole was found to synergistically (or additively) inhibit cell growth of AS and disrupt the microbiome structure, species richness/diversity, and function. The formation of TPs with potentially higher toxicity and persistence than the original compounds was identified, explaining the microbiome disruption. Agricultural waste-derived BC was optimized for contaminant adsorption, leading to a reduction in toxicity when added to AS by sequestering TPs on its surface. This work highlighted adsorbents as a practical engineering strategy for mitigating liquid-phase contaminants' toxicological consequences, proactively controlling the fate and effects of antibiotics and TPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiep T Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungdae Oh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin DE, Alnajjar P, Muselet D, Soligot-Hognon C, Kanso H, Pacaud S, Le Roux Y, Saaidi PL, Feidt C. Efficient biodegradation of the recalcitrant organochlorine pesticide chlordecone under methanogenic conditions. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166345. [PMID: 37591382 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has long been studied as an effective environmental and economic strategy for treating matrices contaminated with recalcitrant pollutants. In the present work, we investigated the bioremediation potential of AD on organic waste contaminated with chlordecone (CLD), an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in the French West Indies and classified among the most persistent organic pollutants. Digestates from animal and plant origins were supplemented with CLD and incubated under methanogenic conditions for over 40 days. The redox potential and pH monitoring showed that methanogenic conditions were preserved during the entire incubation period despite the presence of CLD. In addition, the comparison of the total biogas generated from digestates with and without CLD demonstrated no adverse effects of CLD on biogas production. For the first time, a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction method, followed by GC-MS and LC-HRMS analyses, was developed to quantify CLD and its main known transformation products (TPs) in AD experiments. A decrease in CLD concentrations was evident to a greater extent under thermophilic conditions (55 °C) compared to mesophilic conditions (37.5 °C) (CLD removal of 85 % and 42 %, respectively, after 40 days of incubation). CLD degradation was confirmed by the detection and quantification of several TPs: 10-monohydroCLD (A1), two dihydroCLDs different from 2,8-dihydroCLD (A3), pentachloroindene (B1), tetrachloroindenes (B2, B3/B4), tetra- and tri-chloroindenecarboxylic acids (C1/C2, C3/C4). Determining TPs concentrations using the QuEChERS method provided an overview of CLD fate in AD. Overall, these results reveal that AD processes can efficiently degrade CLD into several TPs from A, B, and C families while maintaining satisfactory biogas production. They pave the way to developing a scaled-up AD process capable of treating CLD-contaminated organic wastes produced by farming, thus stopping any further transfer of CLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Déborah E Martin
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Perla Alnajjar
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54500 Nancy, France; Ecole doctorale en Sciences et Technologie, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Delphine Muselet
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | - Hussein Kanso
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Stéphane Pacaud
- Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, Chaire Industrielle Agrométha, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yves Le Roux
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54500 Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, ENSAIA, Chaire Industrielle Agrométha, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Pierre-Loïc Saaidi
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54500 Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Liu L, Ning X, Lin M, Lai X. Isomer-specific analysis of nonylphenol and their transformation products in environment: A review. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:165982. [PMID: 37536583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenols (NPs) are crucial fine chemicals widely employed in producing industrial and consumer surfactants that ultimately enter the environment through various pathways, leading to environmental pollution. NPs are suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals that may accumulate in the body over time, resulting in unusual reproductive function. Due to limitations in analytical methods, NPs have typically been quantified as a whole in some studies. However, NPs are a mixture of multibranched structures, and different NP isomers exhibit distinct environmental behaviors and toxic effects. Therefore, it is critical to analyze environmental and human biological samples at the isomer-specific level to elucidate the contamination characteristics, human exposure load, and toxic effects of NPs. Accurately analyzing NP samples with various isomers, metabolites, and transformation products presents a significant challenge. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical research on NPs in technical products, environmental, and human biological samples, particularly emphasizing the synthesis and separation of standards and the transformation of NP homolog isomers in samples. Finally, the review highlights the research gaps and future research directions in this domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xunan Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Meiqing Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaojun Lai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Pollutant Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang D, Gao L, Zhu S, Qiao L, Liu Y, Ai Q, Xu C, Wang W, Lu M, Zheng M. Target and non-target analysis of organochlorine pesticides and their transformation products in an agrochemical-contaminated area. Chemosphere 2023; 324:138314. [PMID: 36889467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides show biological toxicity and their degradation typically takes many years. Previous studies of agrochemical-contaminated areas have mainly focused on limited target compounds, and emerging pollutants in soil have been overlooked. In this study, we collected soil samples from an abandoned agrochemical-contaminated area. Target analysis and non-target suspect screening by gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry were combined for qualitative and quantitative analysis of organochlorine pollutants. Target analysis showed that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) were the main pollutants. With concentrations between 3.96 × 106 and 1.38 × 107 ng/g, these compounds posed significant health risks at the contaminated site. Non-target suspect screening identified 126 organochlorine compounds, most of which were chlorinated hydrocarbons and 90% of the compounds contained a benzene ring structure. The possible transformation pathways of DDT were inferred from proven pathways and the compounds identified by non-target suspect screening that had similar structures to DDT. This study will be useful for studies of the degradation mechanism of DDT. Semi-quantitative and hierarchical cluster analysis of compounds in soil showed that the distribution of contaminants in soil was influenced by the types of pollution sources and distance to them. Twenty-two contaminants were found in the soil at relatively high concentrations. The toxicities of 17 of these compounds are currently not known. These results improve our understanding of the environmental behavior of organochlorine contaminants in soil and are useful for further risk assessments of agrochemical-contaminated areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Shuai Zhu
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiaofeng Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chi Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Meiling Lu
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Beijing, 100102, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Li C, Wang Y, Chen Z, Wang M, Shi H. Photolysis of the novel meta-diamide insecticide broflanilide in solutions: Kinetics, degradation pathway, DFT calculation and ecotoxicity assessment. Chemosphere 2023; 320:138060. [PMID: 36754300 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Broflanilide, as a novel meta-diamide insecticide, presents high bioactivity against agricultural pests. However, there was limited report regarding the photolysis fate of broflanilide. In this study, the photodegradation kinetics and influence factors of broflanilide, including different solvents, pH, iron, S2O82- and SO32- were investigated under UV condition, and the reaction mechanism and transformation pathway were explored. The reaction rates (k) showed solvent-specificity in ultrapure water (0.015 min-1), ethyl acetate (0.051 min-1), methanol (0.084 min-1) and acetonitrile (0.193 min-1), correspondingly. The photolysis of broflanilide was slowest in the acid condition (pH = 4.0) compared with that in the neutral (pH = 7.0) and alkaline (pH = 9.0) conditions. The iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) presented significant inhibition on the photodegradation due to the light shielding effect. Additionally, the UV/peroxydisulfate (S2O82-) and UV/sulfite (SO32-) technologies could effectively accelerate the photodegradation of broflanilide, which has the potential for rapid treatment of pesticides in the aqueous environment. Six transformation products (TPs) were detected in water, peroxydisulfate and sulfite solutions, and the possible transformation pathways, including dehalogenation, cyclization, N-dealkylation, oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis, were proposed. Importantly, the reaction mechanism was explained through the analysis of molecular electrostatic potential and molecular orbitals. The predicted toxicity of the TPs indicated that several highly toxic TPs need to pay more attention in future risk assessments. This study provides a new perspective for evaluating the ecological fate and risks of pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su Q, Huang S, Zhang H, Wei Z, Ng HY. Abiotic transformations of sulfamethoxazole by hydroxylamine, nitrite and nitric oxide during wastewater treatment: Kinetics, mechanisms and pH effects. J Hazard Mater 2023; 444:130328. [PMID: 36402107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine (NH2OH), nitrite (NO2-) and nitric oxide (NO), intermediates enzymatically formed during biological nitrogen removal processes, can engage in chemical (abiotic) transformations of antibiotics. This study determined the kinetics, mechanisms and pathways of abiotic transformations of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by NH2OH, NO2- and NO in a series of batch tests under different pH and oxygen conditions. While NH2OH was not able to directly transform SMX, NO2- (with HNO2 as the actual reactant) and NO can chemically transform SMX primarily through hydroxylation, nitration, deamination, nitrosation, cleavage of S-N, N-C and C-S bonds, and coupling reactions. There were substantial overlaps in transformation product formations during abiotic transformations by HNO2- and NO. The second order rate constants of SMX with NO2- and NO were determined in the range of 1.5 × 10-1 - 4.8 × 103 M-1 s-1 and 1.0 × 102 - 3.1 × 104 M-1 s-1, respectively, under varying pH (4 - 9) and anoxic or oxic conditions. Acidic pH significantly enhanced abiotic transformation kinetics, and facilitated nitration, nitrosation, and cleavage of S-N and N-C bonds. The findings advance our understanding of the fate of antibiotics during biological nitrogen removal, and highlight the role of enzymatically formed reactive nitrogen species in the antibiotic degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Su
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore; Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - How Yong Ng
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore; Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu X, Zhang H, Chen Z, Zhai Y, Wang Y. Electrochemical fingerprinting of cephalosporin antibiotics and its applications for investigations of hydrolysis behavior. Chemosphere 2023; 315:137725. [PMID: 36610510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cephalosporin, as one of the most widely used antibiotics, study of its hydrolysis process is important for predicting their environmental persistence. Two critical factors are considered has the first priority, which are hydrolysis rate constant (kh) and half-life (t1/2). To date, many efforts have been made by using various analytical techniques to obtain the data for calculating kh and t1/2. However, the typical techniques such as UV/vis spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography are of significant challenges like low accuracy and timely operations. Herein, we explored an electrochemical method by identifying the characteristic peaks with the same parent nuclear structure through square wave voltammetry (SWV). This proposed electrochemical fingerprinting was able to track the hydrolysis of intact cephalosporin molecules, β-lactam ring, and transformation product. The kh and t1/2 of cefadroxil (CDX) under pH = 7 and 25 °C by electrochemical (0.0640 d-1 and 11.0 d) were consistent with those of high-performance liquid chromatography-UV/vis (HPLC-UV/vis) (0.0660 d-1 and 10.7 d). The t1/2 ranged from 3.40 to 36.2 d, 7.33 d-43.7 d and 9.63 d-45.3 d for base-catalyzed, neutral pH and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis hydrolyzed, respectively, indicating that base-catalyzed hydrolysis rates were the greatest under alkaline conditions. Meanwhile, hydrolysis rates increased 2.50-3.60-fold for every 10 °C raise in temperature. Besides, the electrochemical fingerprinting could realize cephalosporin and β-lactam ring hydrolysis rates close to 100% in-situ hydrolysis process monitoring. This present work provides a powerful technology for understanding the environmental fate and predicting the environmental behavior of antibiotics with fast, high accuracy, specific recognition, and in situ monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Huirong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhixuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongxin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang C, Carvalho PN, Bester K. Effects of substrate loading on co-metabolic transformation pathways and removal rates of pharmaceuticals in biofilm reactors. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158607. [PMID: 36089036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the effects of substrate (raw wastewater) on the biological removal of 20 pharmaceuticals in moving bed biofilm reactors. This is the first study discriminating experimentally between effects of adaptation (45 d) and stimulation (100 h) on the removal of micropollutants. The results presented in this paper show: i) Tramadol and venlafaxine are subject to microbial N-oxidation (besides the known demethylation). ii) Changes in substrate loading, changed the preferential degradation pathways, e.g., from N-oxidation (under starvation) to N-demethylation of both model compounds: tramadol and venlafaxine, during adaptation and stimulation to high substrate supply. iii) In starving biofilms, the effects of stimulation on removal rates are minor (-100 to +150 %) in comparison to those caused by adaptation (-100 to +700 %). iv) Adaptation to high loadings resulted in increased removal rates (up to 700 % in selected cases) v) Adaptation to high loadings followed by high loading of stimulation, resulted in the highest increase of removal rates (+49 % to +1800 %) for hard-to-degrade compounds (e.g., diclofenac). All in all, this study shows that the efficiency of biofilm reactors is heavily dependent on their adaptation to substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhou Liang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Pedro N Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark; WATEC - Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang Y, Song H, Wu Y, Gao S, Zeng X, Yu Z. Occurrence and distribution of triclosan and its transformation products in Taihu Lake, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:84787-84797. [PMID: 35789468 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transformation products of triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) may be more persistent and toxic than their parent compound, yet their occurrence in aquatic environments is poorly understood. In this study, we identified three transformation products in sediment samples from Taihu Lake and compared their concentrations with the parent compound triclosan. Triclosan in Taihu Lake was at low level, ranging from 0.086 to 1.1 ng/L in surface water and 0.0058-8.3 ng/g in sediments. The three detected transformation products included methyl triclosan, chlorinated triclosan derivatives, and methyl chlorinated triclosan derivatives. Those transformation products constituted 0.73-87.5% of the total triclosan (total triclosan is the sum of triclosan, methyl triclosan, chlorinated triclosan derivatives, and methyl chlorinated triclosan derivatives on a molar basis), indicating that the ecological risk of transformation products should be considered in addition to the parent compound. Different transformation products had distinct spatial distributions. Chlorinated triclosan derivatives had the highest concentration in samples from the northwest region (0.016-0.21 ng/g) of the lake and were positively correlated with triclosan, which may indicate the possible transformation from triclosan to chlorinated triclosan derivatives. Methyl triclosan and methyl chlorinated triclosan derivatives were generally higher in samples from the center of the lake (0.22-0.28 ng/g for methyl triclosan and 0.017-0.021 ng/g for methyl chlorinated triclosan derivatives, respectively), indicating the possible occurrence of in situ microbial methylation of triclosan and chlorinated triclosan derivatives and the accumulation of those methylated analogues in Taihu Lake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Han Song
- High & New Technology Research Center, Henan Academy of Sciences, Hongzhuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shutao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Merkus VI, Sommer C, Smollich E, Sures B, Schmidt TC. Acute ecotoxicological effects on daphnids and green algae caused by the ozonation of ibuprofen. Sci Total Environ 2022; 847:157611. [PMID: 35896135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to its ubiquitous presence in wastewaters, wastewater treatment plant effluents and even surface waters, the removal of the pharmaceutical ibuprofen from water is of special interest. Ozonation is widely applied for the treatment of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plants and is already known to also degrade ibuprofen. However, the formation of a wide range of transformation products during such oxidation steps might affect the aquatic environment. This study focuses on the acute ecotoxicological impact of the ibuprofen ozonation products on the two model organisms Daphnia magna and Desmodesmus subspicatus. For the identification of possibly ecotoxic products, a new workflow combining ecotoxicological testing, analytical methods and toxicity prediction was applied. Examination at different pH conditions with increasing ozone doses can point to respective products for further systematic examination. Seven ozonation products were confirmed in this study, two of them for the first time. Five previously postulated products were rejected. For pH 7 the inhibition of green algae growth was observed for mixtures oxidized with low ozone doses, while at pH 3 the mixtures with higher ozone doses caused toxic effects on the mobility of daphnids. Together with the analytical measurements in combination with ecotoxicity prediction, six products were identified which might have caused the toxic effect on green algae. However, no assignment to the observed toxic effects on daphnids was possible. The gained results indicate that mixture toxicity might play a role in oxidation processes and needs to be considered in ozonation studies concerning the ecotoxicological impact. Furthermore, the different observed toxicity for the two organisms underlines the importance of using multiple test systems for a comprehensive evaluation of the ecotoxicity during ozonation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina I Merkus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Sommer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Esther Smollich
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Han J, Lan T, Mu S, Hu D, Zhang K. Enantioselective hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid in different aquatic environments - evaluation of influencing factors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:60244-60258. [PMID: 35419689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis and photolysis of the chiral fungicide mandipropamid were investigated, and the potential enantioselectivity of mandipropamid in solutions was further assessed. The aqueous solutions were filtered and directly injected into the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In the hydrolysis experiments, mandipropamid enantiomers hydrolyzed slowly in aquatic solutions with half-lives > 200 days; nevertheless, rise of the pH and incubation temperature could increase the hydrolysis rates more than 1.1 times (half-lives decreased from 495.1 to 216.6 days). Compared with the hydrolysis results, photolysis was found to be the main degradation pathway for mandipropamid in different solutions (half-lives < 14 h, except in pH = 5.05 buffer solution). Organic solvents were able to accelerate the photolysis of mandipropamid, but acidic solutions and the addition of flavonoids or inorganic salts significantly inhibited the photolysis of mandipropamid. During the hydrolysis and photolysis processes, the configuration of mandipropamid enantiomers was stable and five possible transformation products were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Due to the enantiomeric fraction values > 0.5, the hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid were enantioselective, and S-( +)-mandipropamid preferentially disspated in certain aqueous solutions. The systematic evaluation of the hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid enantiomers may provide more accurate data for better assessment of environmental and ecological risks in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiahua Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Lan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shiyin Mu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kankan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sabzevari S, Hofman J. A worldwide review of currently used pesticides' monitoring in agricultural soils. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152344. [PMID: 34919921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of pesticides on the agricultural ecosystem have been matter of concern in recent decades. However, attention has mostly been directed to highly persistent chemicals leading to underestimating currently used pesticides. In this review we present an overview of the studies on monitoring currently used pesticides in agricultural soils around the world published in the last 50 years. Furthermore, all data available in the articles has been integrated into one united data set. Finally, an overall meta-analysis on the prepared data set was performed. The result of the meta-analysis has been presented in this article. It was revealed that the occurrence of currently used pesticides in the soil of agricultural regions was alarming in many countries, establishing the need for long-term monitoring programs, especially in regions with intensive agricultural activities, in order to determine real-world currently used pesticides fate and accumulation in the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Sabzevari
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang W, Tang Y, Jiang L, Luo P, Wu Y, Cao Y, Wu X, Xiong J. Coupling suspect and non-target analytical methods for screening organic contaminants of concern in agricultural & urban impacted waters: Optimization and application. Sci Total Environ 2022; 809:151117. [PMID: 34688742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of contaminants to emerging concern (CECs) may pose risks to human health and ecosystems, even at low concentrations. Rivers impacted by both agricultural and urban activities experience distinctive environmental pressures due to receiving wastewaters that contain complex organics and their transformation products (TPs). In this study, we developed a regional database composed of 1200 CECs of high concern in Guangxi (South China). Further, we optimized a comprehensive analytical method for simultaneously screening for CECs and their TPs. The optimized screening method was applied to surface waters sampled from 10 different cross sections of a river that is impacted by both agricultural and urban activities. The best results of method optimization were achieved when the screening detection limit (SDL) ranged from 0.05 to 2 ng L-1, and over 90% of the analytes had acceptable recovery rates ranging between 64.7% and 95.6% (RSD < 11%). Of the 1200 CECs contained in the regional database, 168 were detected in at least one sampling site of the studied river via suspect screening, and among them, 36 contaminants were found at all sampling sites. Also, 58 additional contaminants and 39 TPs were tentatively identified via non-target screening, among which 4 TPs were reported for the first time in the aquatic environment. Triazine herbicides and their TPs were identified at most of the sampling sites, with ametryn and atrazine posing relatively high risks in the river ecosystems. Furthermore, 31 known analytes were selected as standards in order to confirm the combined screening method; one false positive occurred in the non-target screening method. According to these results, the suspect screening strategy provides valuable confirmation for the identification of a wide range of CECs in water, while non-target screening can provide a reference for researchers and supplement the regional database, particularly in the study of TPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yankui Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Penghong Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanyi Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianghua Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ge X, Ma S, Huo Y, Yang Y, Luo X, Yu Y, An T. Mixed bromine/chlorine transformation products of tetrabromobisphenol A: Potential specific molecular markers in e-waste dismantling areas. J Hazard Mater 2022; 423:127126. [PMID: 34523476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mixed bromine/chlorine transformation products (ClyBrxBPAs) of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were recently identified for the first time in an electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling site. To determine whether these compounds can be used as specific molecular markers of e-waste dismantling activities, the environmental occurrences and distributions of TBBPA and its transformation products including debromination products (BrxBPAs) and ClyBrxBPAs were analyzed in soil samples from three sites in China: Guiyu (an e-waste site), Qingyuan (a former e-waste site now mainly used for old wire and cable recycling), and Shouguang (a flame retardant production base). Levels of the target analytes in Guiyu were significantly higher than in Qingyuan and Shouguang. BrxBPAs and ClyBrxBPAs were widely detected in Guiyu at concentrations between 1 and 4 orders of magnitude lower than their parent compound TBBPA. The highest concentration was found in an e-waste dismantling park, with lower concentrations in surrounding area. The levels of ClyBrxBPAs in Qingyuan were much lower, indicating that the ClyBrxBPAs may come from the processing of wires and cables, but not rule out the incubation on their own in soils. None of ClyBrxBPAs were detected in Shouguang. ClyBrxBPAs may thus be useful as specific molecular markers for determining the intensity of e-waste dismantling activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ge
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, PR China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu H, Huang Z, Liu C. Development of a horseradish peroxidase-Fenton-like system for the degradation of sulfamethazine under weak acid condition. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:12065-12074. [PMID: 34561802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and ferrous ion (Fe2+) can degrade organic micropollutants (e.g., sulfamethazine) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but they have their own disadvantages, such as low degradation efficiency and low pH condition, respectively. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, this study is to develop a HRP-Fenton-like system for sulfamethazine (SMR) efficient degradation by analyzing the optimal reaction conditions, degradation mechanisms, and effect of ions. Results show that HRP and Fe2+ achieve effective coupling by adding trace Fe2+ (≤ 10 μmol/mL) to the HRP system at pH = 5, and the degradation rate of SMR increased by 20.7-42% depending on Fe2+ concentration compared with single HRP treatment. Consumption of H2O2 and quenching of hydroxyl radicals confirmed that HRP dominated SMR removal in the HRP-Fenton-like system. HPLC-MS analysis shows that SMR was degraded by C-S bond breaking, N-S bond breaking, hydroxyl substitution, and rearrangement. Furthermore, Cl-, HCO3-, and NO3- exhibit an acceptable negative effect, while SO42- shows a positive effect on the degradation of SMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 19# Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaihui Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dufour V, Wiest L, Slaby S, Le Cor F, Auger L, Cardoso O, Curtet L, Pasquini L, Dauchy X, Vulliet E, Banas D. Miniaturization of an extraction protocol for the monitoring of pesticides and polar transformation products in biotic matrices. Chemosphere 2021; 284:131292. [PMID: 34198062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring pesticides in the environment requires the use of sensitive analytical methods. However, existing methods are generally not suitable for analyzing small organisms, as they require large matrix masses. This study explores the development of a miniaturized extraction protocol for the monitoring of small organisms, based on only 30 mg of matrix. The miniaturized sample preparation was developed using fish and macroinvertebrate matrices. It allowed the characterization of 41 pesticides and transformation products (log P from -1.9 to 4.8) in small samples with LC-MS/MS, based on European guidelines (European Commission DG-SANTE, 2019). Quantification limits ranged from 3 to 460 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) for fish and from 0.1 to 356 ng g-1 dw for invertebrates, with most below 60 ng g-1 dw. Extraction rates ranged from 70% to 120% for 35 molecules in fish. Recoveries ranged from 70% to 120% for 37 molecules in macroinvertebrates. Inter-day precision was below 30% for 32 molecules at quantification limits. The method was successfully applied to 17 fish and 19 macroinvertebrates collected from two ponds of the French region of Dombes in November and May 2018, respectively. Both sample matrices were nearly always contaminated with benzamide, imidacloprid-desnitro, and prosulfocarb at respective concentrations of 42-237, 3, and 30-165 ng g-1 dw in fish, and 62-438, 2-6, and 15-29 ng g-1 dw in macroinvertebrates. Results show that this method is an effective tool for characterizing polar pesticides in small biotic samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dufour
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France; Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Laure Wiest
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Slaby
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - François Le Cor
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France; LHN, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie de Nancy, ANSES, 40 rue Lionnois, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Lucile Auger
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France; Office Français de la Biodiversité, Montfort, F-01330, Birieux, France
| | - Olivier Cardoso
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, 9 Avenue Buffon, F-45071, Orléans, France
| | - Laurence Curtet
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Montfort, F-01330, Birieux, France
| | - Laure Pasquini
- LHN, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie de Nancy, ANSES, 40 rue Lionnois, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Xavier Dauchy
- LHN, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie de Nancy, ANSES, 40 rue Lionnois, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Banas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tkalec Ž, Negreira N, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Kosjek T. A novel workflow utilizing open-source software tools in the environmental fate studies: The example of imatinib biotransformation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 797:149063. [PMID: 34311367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to utilize novel and powerful workflows with publicly available tools to efficiently process data and facilitate rapid acquisition of knowledge on environmental fate studies. Taking imatinib (IMA) as an example, we developed an efficient workflow to describe IMA biodegradation with activated sludge (AS) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). IMA is a cytostatic pharmaceutical; a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia. Its reported ecotoxic, endocrine and genotoxic effects imply high risk for aquatic wildlife and human health, however its fate in the environment is not yet well known. The study was conducted in a batch biotransformation setup, at two AS concentration levels and in presence and absence of carbon source. Degradation profiles and formation of IMA transformation products (TPs) were investigated using UHPLC-QqOrbitrap-MS/MS which showed that IMA is readily biodegradable. TPs were determined using multivariate statistical analysis. Eight TPs were determined and tentatively identified, six of them for first time. Hydrolysis of amide bond, oxidation, demethylation, deamination, acetylation and succinylation are proposed as major biodegradation pathways. TP235, the product of amide bond hydrolysis, was detected and quantified in actual wastewaters, at levels around 1 ng/L. This calls for more studies on the environmental fate of IMA in order to properly asses the environmental risk and hazard associated to IMA and its TPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Tkalec
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Noelia Negreira
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kokoszka K, Wilk J, Felis E, Bajkacz S. Application of UHPLC-MS/MS method to study occurrence and fate of sulfonamide antibiotics and their transformation products in surface water in highly urbanized areas. Chemosphere 2021; 283:131189. [PMID: 34153907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are used on a large scale in human and veterinary medicine. The main goal of this study was to develop a method for the detection of selected SAs (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethiazole, and sulfisoxazole) in aqueous samples (targeted analysis), and then conduct a non-targeted analysis to determine the transformation products to elucidate their degradation pathways. These analyses were performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The procedure was used to detect selected antibiotics in water samples collected throughout a highly urbanized area. Among the studied compounds, sulfamethoxazole (max. 78.88 ng L-1) and sulfapyridine (max. 38.88 ng L -1) were the most common pollutants identified in surface waters. Trace amounts of sulfadiazine (below LOQ = 0.40 ng L-1) were also detected. Next, the samples were screened to detect the transformation products. Several sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole transformation products were detected and confirmed in the environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kokoszka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Wilk
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- Silesian University of Technology, Center for Biotechnology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Center for Biotechnology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matsukami H, Hashimoto S, Suzuki G. Investigation of novel brominated triazine-based flame retardant (TDBP-TAZTO) and its transformation products emitted from fire-retarded textile manufacturing facility and its downstream sewage treatment plant. Sci Total Environ 2021; 791:148233. [PMID: 34126480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of transformation products from novel flame retardants emitted throughout their life cycles is crucial for understanding and predicting environmental and human health risks posed by them during the material and product life cycle. Here, to understand more about the emission of TDBP-TAZTO to the environment, we investigated the presence of novel brominated triazine-based flame retardant 1,3,5-tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trione (TDBP-TAZTO) and its transformation products in the effluent from a facility manufacturing fire-retarded textiles, and in the influent, effluent, and sludge of its closest downstream sewage treatment plant. To acquire mass spectra data of the transformation products in the influent, effluent, and sludge, non-target analysis was carried out by electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-high-resolution mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography (LC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS). Then, the HaloSeeker 2.0 software was used to filter the mass spectrometry data for signals attributable to halogenated compounds. Combination of LC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS accurate mass measurements and HaloSeeker screening allowed us to determine the most probable elemental compositions and structures of 11 transformation products from TDBP-TAZTO and to construct a possible transformation pathway that included dehydrobromination, hydroxylation, and decarbonylation reactions. Based on analysis of the absolute intensities, we found that TDBP-TAZTO and its transformation products may not be easily removed by current sewage treatment plant process. There are increasing concerns about environmental contamination by TDBP-TAZTO and its transformation products different from the one which have previously been considered to be c-decaBDE and its lower brominated congeners. However, the present data suggest that concern is also warranted over the presence of TDBP-TAZTO and its transformation products in the environment. The present data will be useful for assessing, predicting, and understanding the environmental contamination and human health risks posed by TDBP-TAZTO, and for considering appropriate measures to control the emission of TDBP-TAZTO and its transformation products during product life cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsukami
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.
| | - Shunji Hashimoto
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
He Y, Jia D, Du S, Zhu R, Zhou W, Pan S, Zhang Y. Toxicity of gabapentin-lactam on the early developmental stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Pollut 2021; 287:117649. [PMID: 34182397 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gabapentin-lactam (GBP-L) is a transformation product (TP) of gabapentin (GBP), a widely used anti-epileptic pharmaceutical. Due to its high persistence, GBP-L has been frequently detected in the surface water. However, the effects of GBP-L on aquatic organisms have not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as a model organism were used to study the impacts of GBP-L in terms of embryos LC50, spontaneous movement at 24 hpf (hours post fertilization), heartbeat rates at 48 hpf, and body length at 72 hpf, with the concentrations of GBP-L down to 0.01 μg/L, covering its environmental concentrations. Various biomarkers from nervous, antioxidant and immune systems of zebrafish larvae were analyzed, including acetylcholinesterase, acetylcholine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, C reactive protein, and lysozyme, to assess its toxicity on these systems. RT-qPCR was then used to further verify the results and explain the toxicological mechanism at the gene level. The results demonstrated that GBP-L is much more toxic than its parent compound, and could lead to adverse impacts on the aquatic organisms even at every low concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yide He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Dantong Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Sen Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Rongwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Shunlong Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, 211816, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Man Y, Stenrød M, Wu C, Almvik M, Holten R, Clarke JL, Yuan S, Wu X, Xu J, Dong F, Zheng Y, Liu X. Degradation of difenoconazole in water and soil: Kinetics, degradation pathways, transformation products identification and ecotoxicity assessment. J Hazard Mater 2021; 418:126303. [PMID: 34329017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole is a widely used triazole fungicide that has been frequently detected in the environment, but comprehensive study about its environmental fate and toxicity of potential transformation products (TPs) is still lacking. Here, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the degradation kinetics, pathways, and toxicity of transformation products of difenoconazole. 12, 4 and 4 TPs generated by photolysis, hydrolysis and soil degradation were identified via UHPLC-QTOF/MS and the UNIFI software. Four intermediates TP295, TP295A, TP354A and TP387A reported for the first time were confirmed by purchase or synthesis of their standards, and they were further quantified using UHPLC-MS/MS in all tested samples. The main transformation reactions observed for difenoconazole were oxidation, dechlorination and hydroxylation in the environment. ECOSAR prediction and laboratory tests showed that the acute toxicities of four novel TPs on Brachydanio rerio, Daphnia magna and Selenastrum capricornutum are substantially lower than that of difenoconazole, while all the TPs except for TP277C were predicted chronically very toxic to fish, which may pose a potential threat to aquatic ecosystems. The results are important for elucidating the environmental fate of difenoconazole and assessing the environmental risks, and further provide guidance for scientific and reasonable use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Man
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Marianne Stenrød
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division Biotechnology and Plant Health, Høgskoleveien 7, 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Chi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Marit Almvik
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division Biotechnology and Plant Health, Høgskoleveien 7, 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Roger Holten
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division Biotechnology and Plant Health, Høgskoleveien 7, 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Jihong Liu Clarke
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division Biotechnology and Plant Health, Høgskoleveien 7, 1433 Aas, Norway
| | - Shankui Yuan
- Environment Division, Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Skanes B, Warriner K, Prosser RS. Hazard assessment using an in-silico toxicity assessment of the transformation products of boscalid, pyraclostrobin, fenbuconazole and glyphosate generated by exposure to an advanced oxidative process. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 70:105049. [PMID: 33171224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticide use is ongoing and consumer concern regarding the safety of pesticide residues on produce has generated interest in techniques that can safely reduce residues post-harvest. Recently an advanced oxidative process has shown promise in substantial residue reduction on the surface of produce. Given the potential for oxidative transformation of pesticides to generate transformation products with greater toxicity than the parent residue, take for example the oxon products of the organophosphorus insecticides, it is important to consider what transformation products are generated by pesticide exposure to an oxidative process and their potential toxicity. In this study, previously published transformation products of boscalid, pyraclostrobin, fenbuconazole and glyphosate were identified after exposure to 3% hydrogen peroxide, UV-C irradiation or their combination in an advanced oxidative process on glass, their oral toxicity, carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity were identified in-silico and an initial tier hazard assessment was conducted. Of the 87 total structures that were searched for, 53 were detected by UPLC-QTOF-MS and identified by mass spectra: 15, 13, 22 and 3 structures for boscalid, pyraclostrobin, fenbuconazole and glyphosate respectively, including the parent residues. Oral toxicity of the transformation products of pyraclostrobin and glyphosate was similar to or lower than the parent residue. Several transformation products of boscalid and fenbuconazole were estimated to be significantly more orally toxic than their parent residues. While the majority of the transformation products of boscalid, pyraclostrobin and fenbuconazole were predicted to be carcinogenic there were 11 that were consistently identified to have carcinogenic potential by several assessments. 29 of the 53 molecules were predicted to be probable developmental toxicants. An initial tier hazard assessment was conducted for Cramer rules classification and mutagenicity using the threshold of toxicological concern approach and predicted rat oral LD50. Two exposure scenarios were considered, one highly protective considering each transformation product to be at the highest maximum residue limit (MRL) for the pesticide and whole produce consumption at the highest consumption rate from the USEPA Exposures Handbook, the other considering only apple consumption with the relevant MRL. As indicated by the hazard assessment, several transformation products of boscalid, pyraclostrobin and fenbuconazole should be strongly considered for further testing, either by quantifying their production or in-vivo and in-vitro toxicity tests due to their predicted toxicity and associated hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake Skanes
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith Warriner
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang P, Qiu J, Gao Y, Stefan MI, Li XF. Nontargeted identification and predicted toxicity of new byproducts generated from UV treatment of water containing micropollutant 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Water Res 2021; 188:116542. [PMID: 33128979 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive identification of byproducts including intermediate transformation products (TPs) of micropollutants in source water is challenging and paramount for assessment of drinking water quality and treatment technologies. Here, we have developed a nontargeted analysis strategy coupled with computational toxicity assessment to identify indistinguishable TPs including isomers with large differences in toxicity. The new strategy was applied to study the UV treatment of water containing micropollutant 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT), and it enabled successful identification of a total of 22 organic TPs. Particularly, the structures of nine new TPs were identified for the first time; in addition, three isomers (P2, P3, and P4) were distinguished from the toxic contaminant 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (2-OH-BT). Computational assessments indicate that estrogenic activity of the three isomers (P2-P4) is higher than that of 2-OH-BT. Mass balance study shows that the 22 organic products accounted for 70% of the 2-MBT degraded, while 30% may degrade to inorganic products. Most TPs are resistant to UV photolysis. Computational toxicity assessment predicted the TPs to increase inhibition of human thyroperoxidase activity although they have lower aquatic toxicity compared to original 2-MBT. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring the 2-MBT photodegradation products and the overall toxicity of finished water whose production included a UV light-based treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Junlang Qiu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mihaela I Stefan
- Trojan Technologies, 3020 Gore Road, London, ON, N5V 4T7, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schneider I, Abbas A, Bollmann A, Dombrowski A, Knopp G, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Seitz W, Wagner M, Oehlmann J. Post-treatment of ozonated wastewater with activated carbon and biofiltration compared to membrane bioreactors: Toxicity removal in vitro and in Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Water Res 2020; 185:116104. [PMID: 33086463 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are major point sources of (micro)pollutant emissions and advanced wastewater treatment technologies can improve their removal capacity. While abundant data on individual advanced treatment technologies is available, there is limited knowledge regarding the removal performance of ozonation combined with multiple post-treatments and stand-alone membrane bioreactors. This is especially true for the removal of in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Therefore, we investigated the removal of 40 micropollutants and toxicity by a pilot-scale ozonation with four post-treatments: non-aerated and aerated granular activated carbon and biological filtration. In addition, two stand-alone membrane bioreactors fed with untreated wastewater and one MBR operating with ozonated partial flow recirculation were analysed. Aqueous and extracted samples were analysed in vitro for (anti)estrogenic, (anti)androgenic and mutagenic effects. To assess in vivo effects, the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum was exposed in an on-site flow-through system. Multiple in vitro effects were detected in conventionally treated wastewater including estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity. Ozonation largely removed these effects, while anti-estrogenic and mutagenic effects increased suggesting the formation of toxic transformation products. These effects were significantly reduced by granular activated carbon being more effective than biological filtration. The membrane bioreactor performed similarly to the conventional treatment while the membrane bioreactor with ozonation had a comparable removal performance like ozonation. Conventionally treated wastewater increased the growth of P. antipodarum. Ozonation reduced the reproduction indicating a potential formation of toxic transformation products. In the post-treatments, these effects were compensated or remained unaffected. The effluents of the membrane bioreactors induced reproductive toxicity. Our results show that ozonation is effective in further reducing toxicity and micropollutant concentrations. However, the formation of toxicity requires a post-treatment. Here, ozonation coupled to granular activated carbon filtration seemed the most promising treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Schneider
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Aennes Abbas
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Bollmann
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, D-89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Andrea Dombrowski
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gregor Knopp
- Department of Wastewater Technology and Water Reuse, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Str. 7, D-64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulte-Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfram Seitz
- Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, D-89129, Langenau, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Oehlmann
- Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von Laue-Straße 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gornik T, Kovacic A, Heath E, Hollender J, Kosjek T. Biotransformation study of antidepressant sertraline and its removal during biological wastewater treatment. Water Res 2020; 181:115864. [PMID: 32480056 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sertraline is one of the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in the last few years. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is regularly detected in wastewaters, surface waters, sediments, biosolids and biota. Effluents from wastewater treatment plants are the main contributors to its presence in the environment. The presented study aims to elucidate the processes involved in its removal, concentrating mainly on sorption and biodegradation during wastewater treatment. We performed our laboratory scale experiments in two sets of experiments: 1) batch biodegradation and sorption experiments and 2) flow-through laboratory scale pilot wastewater treatment bioreactors. The batch experiments revealed that sorption to activated sludge was the leading removal process, eliminating up to 90% of sertraline present in the batches. Biodegradation was however the secondary removal process, influenced by the presence of alternative easily biodegradable carbon sources. We postulated chemical structures of ten detected biotransformation products. Among these, we propose the previously recognized metabolite norsertraline, sertraline ketone and hydroxy-sertraline. All the remaining biotransformation products are herein reported for the first time. The removal efficiency of approximately 94% was determined after the treatment in the flow-through bioreactors. To support our findings, we sampled influents and effluents from two wastewater treatment plants and untreated wastewater from a psychiatric hospital. Removal efficiencies of 81% and 77% were determined, and along with the parent compound sertraline, the presence of eight transformation products was confirmed in the actual wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjasa Gornik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kovacic
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Grabitz E, Olsson O, Amsel AK, Rummel B, Mitzel NW, Kümmerer K. Abiotic and biotic degradation of five aromatic organosilicon compounds in aqueous media-Structure degradability relationships. J Hazard Mater 2020; 392:122429. [PMID: 32208309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silicones have many applications and are produced in large quantities. Despite their potential toxicity, information on their environmental mineralisation is scarce. Therefore, we investigated a group of five organosilicon compounds (o-MeOC6H4SiMe3 (1), p-MeOC6H4SiMe3 (2), (p-MeOC6H4)2SiMe2 (3), o-Me2NC6H4SiMe3 (4) and p-Me2NC6H4SiMe3 (5)), recently developed to be 'benign by design' based on their readily degradable core structure. Five different degradability tests were performed, one assessing hydrolytic and two analysing biological and photolytic stability, respectively. All substances, except (p-MeOC6H4)2SiMe2 (3), hydrolysed within 24 h to 50% indicating that this is one of the major pathways of their primary elimination. In agreement with previous research, none of the substances was readily biodegradable. In contrast, 100% of p-Me2NC6H4SiMe3 (5) was primarily eliminated by photolytic and hydrolytic processes. The elimination rates of the other substances ranged from 7% to 64%. Irradiation at shorter wavelengths increased both the extent and speed of photodegradation. Eleven transformation products of p-Me2NC6H4SiMe3 (5) were detected, all of which were completely eliminated within 64 min of irradiation with a Hg lamp (200-400 nm). The insertion of an electron-donating group on the benzene ring like in p-Me2NC6H4SiMe3 (5) clearly enhanced photolytic degradability but further research is necessary to achieve truly biodegradable silicones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Grabitz
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Amsel
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Britta Rummel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Sustainable Chemistry and Material Resources, Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang H, Zhan J, Gao L, Yu G, Komarneni S, Wang Y. Kinetics and mechanism of thiamethoxam abatement by ozonation and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes. J Hazard Mater 2020; 390:122180. [PMID: 32006850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the abatement of neonicotinoid insecticide, thiamethoxam, by single ozonation, ozone/ultraviolet (O3/UV) and electro-peroxone (EP) process was evaluated. The second-order rate constants for the reaction of thiamethoxam with O3 and hydroxyl radical (OH) at pH 7 were determined to be 15.4 M-1 s-1 and 3.9 × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. The degradation pathways of thiamethoxam were proposed based on quantum chemical calculations and transformation products were identified using chromatographic and mass-spectrometric techniques. The acute and chronic toxicity of thiamethoxam and its major TPs to various aquatic organisms were assessed. With typical ozone doses applied in water treatment (≤5 mg/L), thiamethoxam was abated by only ∼16-32 % in two real water matrices (groundwater and surface water) during single ozonation, but by ∼100 % and >70 % during the O3/UV and EP treatment, respectively. The energy demand to abate 90 % thiamethoxam in the two water matrices was generally comparable for single ozonation and the EP process (∼0.14 ± 0.03 kW h/m3), but higher for the O3/UV process (0.21-0.22 kW h/m3). These results suggest that single ozonation is unable to sufficiently abate thiamethoxam under typical conditions of water treatment. Therefore, ozone-based advanced oxidation processes are needed to enhance thiamethoxam abatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijiao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juhong Zhan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingwei Gao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Material Research Institute, 205 MRL Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kråkström M, Saeid S, Tolvanen P, Salmi T, Eklund P, Kronberg L. Catalytic ozonation of the antibiotic sulfadiazine: Reaction kinetics and transformation mechanisms. Chemosphere 2020; 247:125853. [PMID: 31931316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, ozone has been used to study the transformation of the antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ). SDZ and its transformation products was investigated using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and using NMR. The results revealed that 6% of SDZ is transformed into 2-aminopyrimidine. A significant amount of SDZ undergoes a rearrangement reaction followed by ring-closing reactions. One of these products, SDZ-P15, is the main product after 240 min of ozonation. Almost 30% of SDZ transforms into SDZ-P15. SDZ was also transformed via the addition of one or more hydroxyl groups, via the oxidation of an amine group to a nitro group as well as via a bond cleavage reaction. Most of the intermediate products presented in this study have not previously been reported as SDZ transformation products formed using ozonation technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Kråkström
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Soudabeh Saeid
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Tolvanen
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Salmi
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Patrik Eklund
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Leif Kronberg
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang W, Sun R, Hou Y, Qiu Y, Li Y. Investigation of the Potential Environmental Risks of Phthalate Derivatives Designed To Be Environmentally Friendly. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:1138-1148. [PMID: 32164034 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate derivatives with low estrogenic activity, high infrared spectrum signals, high Raman characteristic vibration spectrum, high fluorescence intensity, and high ultraviolet sensitivity were selected as precursors from our previous studies, so that the changes in their toxicity and estrogenic activity during biological metabolism, ozone oxidation, photocatalytic degradation, photodegradation, and microbial degradation could be studied.The transformation pathways of these derivatives were simulated, and the reaction energy barriers were calculated. To determine the potential environmental risks of these phthalate derivatives, the pharmacophore models of biotoxicity and estrogen activity of phthalates were used to predict the biotoxicity and estrogen activity of the transformed products. The results showed an increase in the biotoxicity and estrogen activity of the biometabolites, ozonation products, photocatalytic degradation products, and microbial degradation products; the only products that did not follow this trend were the photodegradation products. Notably, the pathways that produced more potentially toxic compounds were the less favorable paths. Our results indicate that the transformation products of the designed environmentally friendly phthalate derivatives potentially pose environmental risks. To avoid such risks, the environmental transformation pathway of these derivatives should be simulated to screen for environmentally friendly phthalate molecules. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1138-1148. © 2020 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Regional Optimization of the Energy System, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihao Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Regional Optimization of the Energy System, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Regional Optimization of the Energy System, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Youli Qiu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Regional Optimization of the Energy System, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo H, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Qian Y, Chu H, Chen J. Carbamazepine degradation by heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate with lanthanum cobaltite perovskite: Performance, mechanism and toxicity. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 91:10-21. [PMID: 32172958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widely used carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most persistent pharmaceuticals and suffers insufficient removal efficiency by conventional wastewater treatment. A synthesized Co-based perovskite (LaCoO3) was used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in order to degrade CBZ. Results showed that LaCoO3 exhibited an excellent performance in PMS activation and CBZ degradation at neutral pH, with low cobalt leaching. The results of FT-IR and XPS verified the high structurally and chemically stability of LaCoO3 in PMS activation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis suggested the generation of radical species, such as sulfate radicals (SO4-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH). Radical quenching experiments further revealed the responsibility of SO4- as the dominant oxidant for CBZ oxidation. Ten products were detected via the oxidation of CBZ, with the olefinic double bond attacked by SO4- as the initial step. Hydroxylation, hydrolysis, cyclization and dehydration were involved along the transformation of CBZ. The toxicity of CBZ solution was significantly reduced after treating by PMS/LaCoO3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment for Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiufang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yajie Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen G, Qiao Y, Liu F, Zhang X, Liao H, Zhang R, Dong J. Effects of fertilization on the triafamone photodegradation in aqueous solution: Kinetic, identification of photoproducts and degradation pathway. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 194:110363. [PMID: 32120175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triafamone is a highly effective, low toxicity sulfonamide herbicide widely used for weeding paddy fields. The triafamone photodegradation in water environment must be explored for its ecological risk assessment. In this work, the effects of chemical fertilizer (urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate), urea metabolites (CO32- and HCO3-), and organic fertilizers (unfermented organic fertilizer [UOF] and fermented organic fertilizer [FOF]) on the triafamone photodegradation in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight were evaluated. Results showed that the triafamone photodegradation rate was unaffected by urea. The half-life of triafamone decreased from 106.8 h to 68.4 h with increasing diammonium phosphate concentration. Potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, CO32-, and HCO3- could accelerate the triafamone photodegradation at all concentrations, whereas the degradation rate of triafamone decreased when the concentration of potassium sulfate or CO32- was 2000 mg/L. Triafamone photodegradation was promoted by 20-200 mg/L UOF and FOF but decreased to 236.6 and 142.3 h when the concentration reached 2000 mg/L. Twenty-three transformation products were isolated and identified from triafamone by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry under simulated sunlight irradiation, and the kinetic evolution of these products was explored. Five possible degradation pathways were inferred, including the cleavage of C-N, C-C, and C-O bonds; CO bond hydrogenation; the cleavage of triazine ring; the cleavage of the sulfonamide bridge; hydroxylation; hydroxyl substitution; methylation; demethylation; amination; and rearrangement. In summary, these results are important for elucidating the environmental fate of triafamone in aquatic systems and further assessing environmental risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Chen
- Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Yuxin Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jiannan Dong
- Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma R, Qu H, Wang B, Wang F, Yu G. Widespread monitoring of chiral pharmaceuticals in urban rivers reveals stereospecific occurrence and transformation. Environ Int 2020; 138:105657. [PMID: 32240890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to discuss the enantiomeric occurrence of chiral pharmaceuticals including 5 parent compounds (PCs) metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol, venlafaxine and fluoxetine as well as 6 of their transformation products (TPs) in surface water in Beijing. Among which, 9 out of 11 were detected during the two sampling campaigns with N-O-Didesmethylvenlafaxine (NODDV) and α-hydroxymetoprolol confirmed in the catchment for the first time. Metoprolol acid (MTPA) was the most abundant up to 1508 ng L-1, followed by metoprolol and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV). Most compounds showed 100% detection frequency or nearly, while norfluoxetine (the main metabolite of fluoxetine) and 4-hydroxypropranololone (one TP of propranolol) were not detected. Metoprolol (MTP) and venlafaxine (VFX) did not vary significantly between two sampling periods with mean concentrations of 280.7 and 22.9 ng L-1, respectively. Enantiomeric enrichment was observed for venlafaxine, metoprolol and NODDV, where R-venlafaxine was preferentially biotransformed than the S-form through O-desmethylation. Risk assessment indicated that fluoxetine and atenolol could pose harmful effects to aquatic organisms. This work provides enantiospecific profiles of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), and extended the concept of applying the ratio of TPs vs. parent compound plus their enantiomeric traits for quantitative assessment of in situ biodegradation. Due to the considerable contribution by TPs (64% in present study) as well as the unexpected impacts from enantiomeric existence, the stereoselectivity of chiral pollutants during environmental process should be taken into account in future study. To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first comprehensive evaluation of chiral pharmaceuticals and transformation products at enantiomeric level in aquatic environment in China, which would facilitate better understanding of their environmental fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Morsi R, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Ashraf SS. Laccases and peroxidases: The smart, greener and futuristic biocatalytic tools to mitigate recalcitrant emerging pollutants. Sci Total Environ 2020; 714:136572. [PMID: 31986384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Various organic pollutants so-called emerging pollutants (EPs), including active residues from pharmaceuticals, pesticides, surfactants, hormones, and personal care products, are increasingly being detected in numerous environmental matrices including water. The persistence of these EPs can cause adverse ecological and human health effects even at very small concentrations in the range of micrograms per liter or lower, hence called micropollutants (MPs). The existence of EPs/MPs tends to be challenging to mitigate from the environment effectively. Unfortunately, most of them are not removed during the present-day treatment plants. So far, a range of treatment processes and degradation methods have been introduced and deployed against various EPs and/or MPs, such as ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and enzyme-based treatments coupled with membrane filtrations. To further strengthen the treatment processes and to overcome the EPs/MPs effective removal dilemma, numerous studies have revealed the applicability and notable biocatalytic potentialities of laccases and peroxidases to degrade different classes of organic pollutants. Exquisite selectivity and unique catalytic properties make these enzymes powerful biocatalytic candidates for bio-transforming an array of toxic contaminants to harmless entities. This review focuses on the use of laccases and peroxidases, such as soybean peroxidase (SBP), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and chloroperoxidase (CPO) as a greener oxidation route towards efficient and effective removal or degradation of EPs/MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Morsi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL CP 64849, Mexico.
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu SS, Chen J, Zhang JN, Liu YS, Hu LX, Chen XW, Liu S, Xu XR, Ying GG. Microbial transformation of progesterone and dydrogesterone by bacteria from swine wastewater: Degradation kinetics and products identification. Sci Total Environ 2020; 701:134930. [PMID: 31726410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural and synthetic progestogens in livestock environments have become a concern due to the frequent presence and potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Here we investigated the biotransformation of progestogens by wastewater-borne bacteria in the field and laboratory under oxic and anoxic conditions. The results showed that all progestogens dissipated faster under oxic conditions than under anoxic conditions, and natural progesterone transformed faster than synthetic progestogens. Meanwhile, dozens of bacterial strains capable of degrading progestogens were successfully isolated from the swine wastewater, and Bacillus sp. P19 and Bacillus sp. DGT2 were found the best for progesterone and dydrogesterone transformation, respectively. In the degradation experiments using a single bacterial strain, progesterone and dydrogesterone dissipated under oxic conditions with half-lives of 11.6 h and 18.2 h, respectively. The transformation pathways were proposed based on the identified transformation products. The findings from this study showed that progestogens can be biotransformed, but not fully mineralized in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gornik T, Vozic A, Heath E, Trontelj J, Roskar R, Zigon D, Vione D, Kosjek T. Determination and photodegradation of sertraline residues in aqueous environment. Environ Pollut 2020; 256:113431. [PMID: 31677867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sertraline is an antidepressant drug that has been frequently reported in the aquatic environment and biota. While the research has mostly dealt with its occurrence and toxicity, there is a lack of information pertaining to its environmental transformation. The present study aimed to fill in these gaps by giving an insight into mechanisms of sertraline phototransformation in surface waters, which was recognized as the main transformation pathway for this contaminant. We performed photodegradation experiments in presence of photosensitizers or reaction quenchers to determine rate constants and used them to predict sertraline phototransformation kinetics by "Aqueous Photochemistry of Environmentally occurring Xenobiotics" (APEX) software. It was established that sertraline degrades by pseudo-first order kinetics mostly dominated by direct photolysis, while the presence of certain reactive species including •OH, CO3-• and 3CDOM* further accelerate the compound's breakdown rate. To validate the predicted results, sertraline-spiked surface water was irradiated by sunlight, where the half-life of sertraline at around 1.4 days was estimated. While following the photodegradation kinetics, we also identified five transformation products, of which three were determined in Slovenian surface waters. According to the ECOSAR toxicity prediction, these transformation products will either have comparable or lower toxicity than their parent compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjasa Gornik
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Vozic
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Trontelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Roskar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dusan Zigon
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Davide Vione
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Torino, Italy
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wei CH, Sanchez-Huerta C, Leiknes T, Amy G, Zhou H, Hu X, Fang Q, Rong H. Removal and biotransformation pathway of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole from municipal wastewater treatment by anaerobic membrane bioreactor. J Hazard Mater 2019; 380:120894. [PMID: 31325689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale mesophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was used to treat synthetic municipal wastewater with variable concentrations of antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and bulk organics in this study. The removal and biotransformation pathway of SMX in the AnMBR were systematically investigated during a 170 d of operation under hydraulic retention time of 1 d. Average SMX removal was 97.1% under feed SMX of 10-1000 μg/L, decreasing to 91.6 and 88.0% under feed SMX of 10,000 and 100,000 μg/L due to the inhibition effects of high SMX loading rate on anaerobic microorganisms. SMX biotransformation followed pseudo-first order reaction kinetics based on SMX removal independent of feed SMX of 10-1000 μg/L during continuous operation and also in a batch test under initial SMX of 100,000 μg/L. According to the identified 7 transformation products (TPs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the biotransformation pathway of SMX from municipal wastewater treatment via AnMBR was first proposed to consist of 2 primary routes: 1) Butylbenzenesulfonamide without antibiotic toxicity dominated under feed SMX of 10-100 μg/L; 2) Sulfanilamide with much lower antibiotic toxicity than SMX dominated under feed SMX of 1000-100000 μg/L, further transforming to secondary TPs (4-Aminothiophenol, Aniline, Acetylsulfanilamide) and tertiary TPs (4-Acetylaminothiophenol, Acetylaniline).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hai Wei
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Claudia Sanchez-Huerta
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Amy
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ur Rehman SW, Wang H, Yao W, Deantes-Espinosa VM, Wang B, Huang J, Deng S, Yu G, Wang Y. Ozonation of the algaecide irgarol: Kinetics, transformation products, and toxicity. Chemosphere 2019; 236:124374. [PMID: 31344619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of irgarol, a frequently detected algaecide in the aquatic environment, by ozonation was investigated in this study. The second-order rate constants for the reaction of irgarol with ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radical (OH) were determined to be 505 M-1 s-1 and 4.96 × 109 M-1 s-1, respectively. During ozonation, sixteen transformation products (TPs) of irgarol were proposed using an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Most of the TPs are ozone-refractory compounds and therefore could only be further transformed by oxidation with OH generated from O3 decomposition during ozonation. Toxicity analysis using the ecological structure activity relationship class program indicates that some of the TPs (e.g., irgarol sulfoxide) still exhibit high acute or chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms (fish, daphnia, and algae) as the parent compound. With a typical ozone dose applied in water treatment (2 mg/L, corresponding to a specific ozone dose of 0.8 mg O3/mg dissolved organic carbon), irgarol could be completely abated in a selected surface water by ozonation. However, most of the TPs persisted in the ozonation effluent because of their low ozone reactivity. The results of this study suggest that ozonation with typical ozone doses applied in water treatment may not be able to sufficiently reduce the ecotoxicological effects of irgarol on aquatic organisms. More effective treatment processes such as ozone-based advanced oxidation processes may be required to enhance the removal of toxic TPs of irgarol in water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waqi Ur Rehman
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weikun Yao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Bin Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shubo Deng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jacob S, Knoll S, Huhn C, Köhler HR, Tisler S, Zwiener C, Triebskorn R. Effects of guanylurea, the transformation product of the antidiabetic drug metformin, on the health of brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7289. [PMID: 31338260 PMCID: PMC6626654 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Guanylurea is the main transformation product of the antidiabetic drug metformin, which is one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals worldwide. Due to the high rate of microbial degradation of metformin in sewage treatment plants, guanylurea occurs in higher concentrations in surface waters than its parent compound and could therefore affect aquatic wildlife. In this context, data for fish are scarce up to now which made us investigate the health of brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) in response to guanylurea. Methods In two experiments, eggs plus developing larvae and juvenile brown trout were exposed to three different concentrations of guanylurea (10, 100 and 1,000 µg/L) and, as a negative control, filtered tap water without this compound. Low internal concentrations were determined. The investigated parameters were mortality, length, weight, condition factor, tissue integrity of the liver and kidney, levels of stress proteins and lipid peroxides, as well as behavioural and developmental endpoints. It was found that guanylurea did not significantly change any of these parameters in the tested concentration range. Results In conclusion, these results do not give rise to concern that guanylurea could negatively affect the health or the development of brown trout under field conditions. Nevertheless, more studies focusing on further parameters and other species are highly needed for a more profound environmental risk assessment of guanylurea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jacob
- University of Tübingen, Animal Physiological Ecology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Knoll
- University of Tübingen, Effect-based Environmental Analysis, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- University of Tübingen, Effect-based Environmental Analysis, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- University of Tübingen, Animal Physiological Ecology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selina Tisler
- University of Tübingen, Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- University of Tübingen, Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- University of Tübingen, Animal Physiological Ecology, Tübingen, Germany.,Steinbeis Transfer Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Rottenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen G, Liu F, Qiao Y, Tao B. Photodegradation of tefuryltrione in water under UV irradiation: Identification of transformation products and elucidation of photodegradation pathway. Chemosphere 2019; 227:133-141. [PMID: 30986595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation is an important abiotic degradation process in the aquatic environment. In this study, the photodegradation of tefuryltrione in aqueous solution was investigated under UV-Visible irradiation. Effects of carbonate (CO32-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), nitrate (NO3-), hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-), potassium (K+), and ammonium (NH4+) on the photodegradation kinetics of tefuryltrione were evaluated. Results showed that tefuryltrione photodegradation was increased by HCO3-, CO32-, and NO3- in the range of 0.1-10 mmol L-1; decreased by HPO42-; and insignificantly affected by K+ and NH4+. Twelve main transformation products (TPs) were separated and identified on the basis of mass spectrum data assigned by elemental-composition calculations, comparison of structural analogs, and available literature. A tentative photodegradation pathway was further proposed depending on the identified TPs and their kinetic evolutions. Results indicated that TP 1 was generated by the hydroxyl that substituted for chlorine, TP 2 was formed by the cleavage of the ether bond of tefuryltrione, and TPs 3-6 were formed by the breakage of the CC bond of the keto moiety of tefuryltrione. Further, TPs 9-12 were formed by the rearrangement of tefuryltrione-photodegradation products. These findings are highly important for elucidating the environmental fate of tefuryltrione in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China; Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Safety and Quality Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yuxin Qiao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Tao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kovačič A, Gys C, Kosjek T, Covaci A, Heath E. Photochemical degradation of BPF, BPS and BPZ in aqueous solution: Identification of transformation products and degradation kinetics. Sci Total Environ 2019; 664:595-604. [PMID: 30763840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs) are industrial chemicals that are used as monomers in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. These compounds can leach into the aqueous environment, where they can potentially have toxic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the photochemical degradation of three common bisphenols: BPF, BPS and BPZ in aqueous solution and determine their degradation kinetics and characterise their transformation products. Three independent experiments were performed based on: 1) direct photolysis using UV irradiation, 2) cyclodextrin-enhanced photolysis and 3) the photo-Fenton reaction. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). This approach enabled for the first time a comparison between various conditions of photochemical degradation, revealing to be an effective way of removing (>90%) BPF, BPS and BPZ from aqueous samples. In all cases, degradation followed a pseudo-first order kinetic profile, while removal efficiency and formation of transformation products depended on the applied process. The photo-Fenton process resulted in the shortest half-lives (16.1 ̶ 21.7 min) and generated the highest number of transformation products. Overall, in this study we identified 11 novels and eight previously reported TPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kovačič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Celine Gys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Ester Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Leusch FDL, Neale PA, Busetti F, Card M, Humpage A, Orbell JD, Ridgway HF, Stewart MB, van de Merwe JP, Escher BI. Transformation of endocrine disrupting chemicals, pharmaceutical and personal care products during drinking water disinfection. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:1480-1490. [PMID: 30677914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are frequently detected in drinking water sources. This raises concerns about the formation of potentially more toxic transformation products (TPs) after drinking water disinfection. This study applied a combination of computational and experimental methods to investigate the biological activity of eight EDCs and PPCPs commonly detected in source waters (acetaminophen, bisphenol A, carbamazepine, estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, gemfibrozil, naproxen and triclosan) before and after disinfection. Using a Stepped Forced Molecular Dynamics (SFMD) method, we detected 911 unique TPs, 36% of which have been previously reported in the scientific literature. We calculated the likelihood that TPs would cause damage to biomolecules or DNA relative to the parent compound based on lipophilicity and the occurrence of structural alerts, and applied two Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) tools to predict toxicity via receptor-mediated effects. In parallel, batch experiments were performed with three disinfectants, chlorine, chlorine dioxide and chloramine. After solid-phase extraction, the resulting TP mixtures were analyzed by chemical analysis and a battery of eleven in vitro bioassays covering a variety of endpoints. The laboratory results were in good agreement with the predictions. Overall, the combination of computational and experimental chemistry and toxicity methods used in this study suggest that disinfection of the studied EDCs and PPCPs will produce a large number of TPs, which are unlikely to increase specific toxicity (e.g., endocrine activity), but may result in increased reactive and non-specific toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia.
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - Francesco Busetti
- Curtin Water Quality Research Centre, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Marcella Card
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew Humpage
- Australian Water Quality Centre, SA Water, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John D Orbell
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Livable Cities (ISILC), College of Engineering & Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | | | - Matthew B Stewart
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Livable Cities (ISILC), College of Engineering & Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - Beate I Escher
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Cell Toxicology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun F, Wu D, Chua FD, Zhu W, Zhou Y. Free nitrous acid (FNA) induced transformation of sulfamethoxazole in the enriched nitrifying culture. Water Res 2019; 149:432-439. [PMID: 30472545 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonamide antibiotics sulfamethoxazole (SMX) has been frequently detected in the wastewater. It has been reported that part of SMX can be transformed by the co-metabolism of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) during nitrifying process. However, previous studies reported inconsistent or even contradictory results in terms of SMX degradation and/or transformation. Literature study revealed that nitrite may play certain role in SMX transformation, which has been neglected previously. In this study, the transformation behavior of SMX was investigated with and without the presence of nitrite in an enriched nitrifying culture. The results clearly show that the elimination of SMX occurred with the presence/accumulation of nitrite, and a linear regression was observed between SMX elimination efficiency and free nitrous acid (FNA) concentration, indicating that FNA was the major factor responsible for the SMX transformation. By reacting with FNA, SMX transformation products, such as 4-nitro-SMX, desamino-SMX and hydroxylated SMX, were detected. However, when FNA concentration decreased, these intermediates may be retransformed back to SMX. These findings improved our understanding on SMX transformation in a biological system and highlighted the role of nitrite/FNA in the sulfonamide antibiotics degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faqian Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Fengjun Desmond Chua
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wenyu Zhu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lin H, Pang K, Ma Y, Hu J. Photodegradation of fluazaindolizine in water under simulated sunlight irradiation: Identification of transformation products and elucidation of transformation mechanism. Chemosphere 2019; 214:543-552. [PMID: 30286421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of fluazaindolizine in water was investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation. The effects of solution pH, humic acids (HA), nitrates (NO3-) and Fe(III) ions on photolysis of fluazaindolizine were studied. The results indicated that pH did not significantly affect its photodegradation. At low concentration (up to 5 mg/L), HA slightly facilitated the photodegradation of fluazaindolizine, while at high concentration (10-20 mg/L), HA inhibited its photodegradation. The presence of NO3- (0-10 mg/L) and Fe(III) (0-5 mg/L) noticeably accelerated the photodegradation of fluazaindolizine. Moreover, eleven direct transformation products (TPs) were isolated and identified by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was utilized to characterize molecular property of fluazaindolizine and predict the potentiality of the possible photodegradation reaction. Ultimately, a possible transformation mechanism was proposed based on the identified TPs, degradation profiles and DFT calculation. The predominant photoproduct came from ring opening of imidazole-ring and dechlorination. Other TPs resulted from a series of photochemical reactions involving hydroxyl substitution, ring-opening, cleavage, oxidation and decarboxylation. These results were important in elucidating environmental fate of fluazaindolizine in aquatic system and further environmental risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kyongjin Pang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yecheng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sharma A, Ahmad J, Flora SJS. Application of advanced oxidation processes and toxicity assessment of transformation products. Environ Res 2018; 167:223-233. [PMID: 30055452 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are the techniques employed for oxidation of various organic contaminants in polluted water with the objective of making it suitable for human consumption like household and drinking purpose. AOPs use potent chemical oxidants to bring down the contaminant level in the water. In addition to this function, these processes are also capable to kills microbes (as disinfectant) and remove odor as well as improve taste of the drinking water. The non-photochemical AOPs methods include generation of hydroxyl radical in absence of light either by ozonation or through Fenton reaction. The photochemical AOPs methods use UV light along with H2O2, O3 and/or Fe+2 to generate reactive hydroxyl radical. Non-photochemical method is the commonly used whereas, photochemical method is used when conventional O3 and H2O2 cannot completely oxidize organic pollutants. However, the choice of AOPs methods is depended upon the type of contaminant to be removed. AOPs cause loss of biological activity of the pollutant present in drinking water without generation of any toxicity. Conventional ozonation and AOPs can inactivate estrogenic compounds, antiviral compounds, antibiotics, and herbicides. However, the study of different AOPs methods for the treatment of drinking water has shown that oxidation of parent compound can also lead to the generation of a degradation/transformation product having biological activity/chemical toxicity similar to or different from the parent compound. Furthermore, an increased toxicity can also occur in AOPs treated drinking water. This review discusses various methods of AOPs, their merits, its application in drinking water treatment, the related issue of the evolution of toxicity in AOPs treated drinking water, biocatalyst, and analytical methods for identification of pollutants /transformed products and provides future directions to address such an issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli 229010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli 229010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli 229010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Česen M, Heath D, Krivec M, Košmrlj J, Kosjek T, Heath E. Seasonal and spatial variations in the occurrence, mass loadings and removal of compounds of emerging concern in the Slovene aqueous environment and environmental risk assessment. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:143-154. [PMID: 29966838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of a multi-residue method for determining 48 compounds of emerging concern (CEC) including three diclofenac transformation products (TP) in Slovenian wastewater (WW) and surface water (SW). For solid-phase extraction (SPE), Oasis™ Prime cartridges were favoured over Oasis HLB™. The validated method was then applied to 43 SW and 52 WW samples collected at nine locations. Ten bisphenols in WW and 14 bisphenols in SW were traced in Europe for the first time. Among all of the 48 targeted CEC, 21 were >LOQ in the influents and 20 in the effluents. One diclofenac TP was also quantified in WWs (3.04-78.1 ng L-1) for the first time. As expected, based on mass loads in the wastewater treatment plant influents, caffeine is consumed in high amounts (105,000 mg day-1 1000 inhab.-1) in Slovenia, while active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are consumed in lower amounts compared to other European countries. Removal was lower in winter in the case of four bisphenols (17-78%), one preservative (36%) and four APIs (-14-91%), but remained constant for caffeine, one API, two UV-filters and three preservatives (all >85.5%). Overall, a constructed wetland showed the lowest (0-80%) and most inconsistent removal efficiencies (SD > 40% for some CECs) of CECs including caffeine, two UV-filters, two preservatives and two APIs compared to other treatment technologies. The method was also able to quantify Bisphenol S in SW (<36.2 ng L-1). Environmental risk was assessed via risk quotients (RQs) based on WW and SW data. Two UV-filters (oxybenzone and dioxybenzone), estrone and triclosan, despite their low abundance posed a medium to high environmental risk with RQs between 0.282 (for HM-BP) and 15.5 (for E1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjeta Česen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - David Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Krivec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Košmrlj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
El Azhari N, Dermou E, Barnard RL, Storck V, Tourna M, Beguet J, Karas PA, Lucini L, Rouard N, Botteri L, Ferrari F, Trevisan M, Karpouzas DG, Martin-Laurent F. The dissipation and microbial ecotoxicity of tebuconazole and its transformation products in soil under standard laboratory and simulated winter conditions. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:892-906. [PMID: 29763870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TBZ) is a widely used triazole fungicide at EU level on cereals and vines. It is relatively persistent in soil where it is transformed to various transformation products (TPs) which might be environmentally relevant. We assessed the dissipation of TBZ in soil under contrasting incubation conditions (standard vs winter simulated) that are relevant to its application scheme, determined its transformation pathway using advanced analytical tools and 14C-labeled TBZ and assessed its soil microbial toxicity. Mineralization of 14C-triazole-ring-labeled TBZ was negligible but up to 11% of 14C-penyl-ring-labeled TBZ evolved as 14CO2 within 150 days of incubation. TBZ persistence increased at higher dose rates (×10 compared to the recommended agronomical dose ×1) and under winter simulated conditions compared to standard incubation conditions (at ×1 dose rate DT50 of 202 and 88 days, respectively). Non-target suspect screening enabled the detection of 22 TPs of TBZ, among which 17 were unknown. Mass spectrometry analysis led to the identification of 1-(4-chlorophenyl) ethanone, a novel TP of TBZ, the formation of which and decay in soil was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Three hypothetical transformation pathways of TBZ, all converging to 1H-1,2,4-triazole are proposed based on suspect screening. The ecotoxicological effect of TBZ and of its TPs was assessed by measuring by qPCR the abundance of the total bacteria and the relative abundance of 11 prokaryotic taxa and 4 functional groups. A transient impact of TBZ on the relative abundance of all prokaryotic taxa (except α-proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) and one functional microbial group (pcaH-carrying microorganisms) was observed. However the direction of the effect (positive or negative) varied, and in certain cases, depended on the incubation conditions. Proteobacteria was the most responsive phylum to TBZ with recovery observed 20 days after treatment. The ecotoxicological effects on the soil microorganisms were not correlated with 1-(4-chlorophenyl) ethanone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najoi El Azhari
- AEIFORIA srl, Loc. Faggiola 12-16, 29027 Gariga di Podenzano, Italy; Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; SATT Grand Est, 64A rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Eftychia Dermou
- AEIFORIA srl, Loc. Faggiola 12-16, 29027 Gariga di Podenzano, Italy; University of Patras, 2 Seferi str., 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Romain L Barnard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Veronika Storck
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Maria Tourna
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis 41500, Larisa, Greece
| | - Jérémie Beguet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Panagiotis A Karas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis 41500, Larisa, Greece
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Università Cattolica di Sacro Cuore, via Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Nadine Rouard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lucio Botteri
- AEIFORIA srl, Loc. Faggiola 12-16, 29027 Gariga di Podenzano, Italy
| | - Federico Ferrari
- AEIFORIA srl, Loc. Faggiola 12-16, 29027 Gariga di Podenzano, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Università Cattolica di Sacro Cuore, via Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Viopolis 41500, Larisa, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Karci A, Wurtzler EM, de la Cruz AA, Wendell D, Dionysiou DD. Solar photo-Fenton treatment of microcystin-LR in aqueous environment: Transformation products and toxicity in different water matrices. J Hazard Mater 2018; 349:282-292. [PMID: 29454260 PMCID: PMC6734565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Transformation products and toxicity patterns of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a common cyanotoxin in freshwaters, during degradation by solar photo-Fenton process were studied in the absence and presence of two major water components, namely fulvic acid and alkalinity. The transformation products m/z 795, 835, 515/1030 and 532 can be formed through attack of OH on the conjugated carbon double bonds of Adda. Transformation products with m/z 1010, 966 and 513 can be generated through the attack of OH on the methoxy group of Adda. The transformation products m/z 783, 508 and 1012 can be originated from the attack of OH on the cyclic structure of MC-LR. Transformation products (m/z 522, 1028, 1012, 1046 and 514) formed after hydroxylation of the aromatic ring with OH were also identified in this study. The toxicity study revealed that fulvic acid and alkalinity strongly influence the toxicity profiles of solar photo-Fenton treated MC-LR. Fulvic acid enhanced the detoxification whereas low level total alkalinity (1.8 mg L-1 CaCO3) inhibited the detoxification of MC-LR by solar photo-Fenton process as assessed by protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) inhibition assay. This work provides insights on the utility of solar photo-Fenton destruction of MC-LR in water based on transformation products and toxicity data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akin Karci
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Wurtzler
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Armah A de la Cruz
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - David Wendell
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zucker I, Mamane H, Riani A, Gozlan I, Avisar D. Formation and degradation of N-oxide venlafaxine during ozonation and biological post-treatment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 619-620:578-586. [PMID: 29156276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While ozonation is considered an efficient treatment to eliminate trace organic compounds (TrOCs) from secondary wastewater effluents, the presence and persistence of transformation products (TPs) resulting from ozonation of TrOCs is a major concern that should be assessed prior to effluent discharge to the environment. Venlafaxine (VLX), an environmentally relevant tertiary amine-containing TrOC, was chosen as the model for this study. TP analysis confirmed that the lone electron pair of the non-protonated amine are the predominant site of oxidant attack, and therefore strongly affected by pH value and VLX speciation. N-oxide VLX (NOV), the primary ozone-induced TP, was formed and degraded simultaneously during ozonation of VLX-containing secondary effluent and reached a maximum yield of 0.44 to 0.85 (NOV-to-VLX0 ratio), depending on pH and hydroxyl (OH) radical presence. Rate constants for the reaction of NOV with ozone (3.1×102M-1s-1) and OH radicals (5.3×109M-1s-1) were determined. A simple kinetic model was developed to fit the kinetics of formation and degradation of NOV during ozonation in secondary effluents, based on a known ozone-reaction kinetic equation. The biodegradability of NOV (degradation rate of 39%) was significantly lower than that of the parent compound (VLX, 92%) after 71days, as evaluated by modified Zahn-Wellens tests, suggesting that N-oxide products are not better removed than the parent compound in a simulated biological post-treatment, which may even result in partial reformation of the parent compound. Lessons learned from this study were supported by a pilot-scale demonstration at the Shafdan wastewater-treatment plant, confirming the presence of NOV after ozonation and its persistence in biological post-treatment. Removal of such persistent TP will require higher dosages or promotion of OH-radicals during ozonation. Nevertheless, further assessment of the toxicity of persistent TPs relative to the parent compound is needed for complete evaluation of concerned TPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zucker
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Hydro-Chemistry and Water Research Center, Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Hadas Mamane
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alon Riani
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Hydro-Chemistry and Water Research Center, Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Igal Gozlan
- Hydro-Chemistry and Water Research Center, Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Avisar
- Hydro-Chemistry and Water Research Center, Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kosjek T, Negreira N, Heath E, López de Alda M, Barceló D. Aerobic activated sludge transformation of vincristine and identification of the transformation products. Sci Total Environ 2018; 610-611:892-904. [PMID: 28830049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to identify (bio)transformation products of vincristine, a plant alkaloid chemotherapy drug. A batch biotransformation experiment was set-up using activated sludge at two concentration levels with and without the addition of a carbon source. Sample analysis was performed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a high-resolution hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometer. To identify molecular ions of vincristine transformation products and to propose molecular and chemical structures, we performed data-dependent acquisition experiments combining full-scan mass spectrometry data with product ion spectra. In addition, the use of non-commercial detection and prediction algorithms such as MZmine 2 and EAWAG-BBD Pathway Prediction System, was proven to be proficient for screening for transformation products in complex wastewater matrix total ion chromatograms. In this study eleven vincristine transformation products were detected, nine of which were tentatively identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Noelia Negreira
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Heath
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miren López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
McManus SL, Coxon CE, Mellander PE, Danaher M, Richards KG. Hydrogeological characteristics influencing the occurrence of pesticides and pesticide metabolites in groundwater across the Republic of Ireland. Sci Total Environ 2017; 601-602:594-602. [PMID: 28577396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide contamination of water is a potential environmental issue which may impact the quality of drinking water. The full extent of pesticide contamination is not fully understood due to complex fate pathways in the subsurface. Groundwater pesticide occurrence was investigated at seven agricultural sites in different hydrogeological settings to identify where pesticide occurrence dominated in temperate maritime climatic conditions. In Ireland, six cereal dominated sites in the South East and one grassland site in the West were investigated. Soil and subsoils varied from acid brown earths with high permeability to clay and silt rich tills with lower permeability. Over a 2year monitoring period, 730 samples were collected from a network of dedicated wells and springs across the seven sites. Multi-nested piezometers were installed in intergranular, fissured and karstic type aquifers to target shallow, transition and deeper groundwaters. Several springs were also sampled and the network included a confined aquifer. Groundwater was analysed for nine pesticide active ingredients and eight metabolites. Mecoprop and 2,4-D were the most frequently detected active ingredients above the instrument detection limit, accounting for 36% and 26% of the 730 samples collected and analysed. Phenoxyacetic acid was the most frequently detected and widespread metabolite found in 39% of samples collected at all seven sites. Where the European Union drinking water standard of 0.1μg/L was exceeded, metabolites accounted for the majority of exceedances with 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (DBA) and phenoxyacetic acid (PAC) dominating. Highest detections were encountered in sites with well drained soils underlain by gravel and limestone aquifers and within gravel lenses in lower permeability subsoil. Across the seven sites pesticide detections were mostly associated with metabolites and the environmental impact of many of these is unknown as they have received little attention in groundwater previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Louise McManus
- Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland; Centre for the Environment/Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Catherine E Coxon
- Centre for the Environment/Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Martin Danaher
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Karl G Richards
- Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|