1
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Wang Q, Yang JH, Chen X, Zhang YJ, Zhu XY, Li XF, Su J, Churangui CRG, Yang B, Lu GP, Xu Y. [Metagenomic next-generation sequencing-based retrospective investigation of the drug resistance sites of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2024; 62:457-461. [PMID: 38623014 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20240105-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the drug-resistant gene loci of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Methods: From November 2022 to October 2023, 697 clinical samples (including sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and blood) of 686 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae positive detected by mNGS were retrospectively analyzed. Samples were divided into intensive care unit (ICU) group and non-ICU group, Chi-square test was used to compare groups, and Mann-Kendall trend test was used to analyze the change trend of the detection rate of drug resistance gene loci over time. Results: Of the 697 samples, 164 were from the ICU group and 533 were from the non-ICU group. The detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae resistance gene was 44.3% (309/697), and all detected drug-resistant gene loci of MP were A2063G. The detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in ICU group was 50.0% (82/164), and the detection rates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae resistance gene loci in sputum, alveolus lavage fluid and blood samples were 75.0% (18/24) and 48.4% (62/128), respectively. The detection rate in sputum was higher than alveolus lavage fluid samples (χ2=5.72,P=0.017). The detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in non-ICU group was 42.6% (227/533), the detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae resistance gene loci in sputum and alveolar lavage fluid was 40.0% (16/40), 44.3% (201/454), and no detection rate in blood samples (0/12). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of alveolar lavage fluid and sputum (χ2=0.27, P=0.602). From November 2022 to October 2023, the detection rate of submitted samples showed an increasing trend month by month (overall: Z=3.99, ICU inspection group: Z=2.93, non-ICU group: Z=3.01, all P<0.01). Among the bacteria commonly detected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for the highest proportion, the detection rate was 15.5% (108/697), and Epstein-Barr virus accounted for the highest proportion of 17.6% (123/697). Conclusions: From November 2022 to October 2023, the detection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae drug resistance gene loci showed an increasing trend. The detection rate of drug resistance gene loci in sputum samples of ICU group was higher than alveolus lavage fluid. No new drug resistance site were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - J H Yang
- Vision Medicals Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Pediatric Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Y J Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - X Y Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - J Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - C R G Churangui
- Department of Pediatrics, Chifeng City Hospital, Chifeng 024099, China
| | - B Yang
- Vision Medicals Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - G P Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Pediatric Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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2
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Kumblathan T, Liu Y, Crisol M, Pang X, Hrudey SE, Le XC, Li XF. Advances in wastewater analysis revealing the co-circulating viral trends of noroviruses and Omicron subvariants. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170887. [PMID: 38350564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Co-presence of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses is common both in community circulation and in wastewater. Community surveillance of infections requires robust methods enabling simultaneous quantification of multiple viruses in wastewater. Using enveloped SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants and non-enveloped norovirus (NoV) as examples, this study reports a robust method that integrates electronegative membrane (EM) concentration, viral inactivation, and RNA preservation (VIP) with efficient capture and enrichment of the viral RNA on magnetic (Mag) beads, and direct detection of RNA on the beads. This method provided improved viral recoveries of 80 ± 4 % for SARS-CoV-2 and 72 ± 5 % for Murine NoV. Duplex reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays with newly designed degenerate primer-probe sets offered high PCR efficiencies (90-91 %) for NoV (GI and GII) targets and were able to detect as few as 15 copies of the viral RNA per PCR reaction. This technique, combined with duplex detection of NoV and multiplex detection of Omicron, successfully quantified NoV (GI and GII) and Omicron variants in the same sets of 94 influent wastewater samples collected from two large wastewater systems between July 2022 and June 2023. The wastewater viral RNA results showed temporal changes of both NoV and Omicron variants in the same wastewater systems and revealed an inverse relationship of their emergence. This study demonstrated the importance of a robust analytical platform for simultaneous surveillance of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in wastewater. The ability to sensitively determine multiple viral pathogens in wastewater will advance applications of wastewater surveillance as a complementary public health tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kumblathan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yanming Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Mary Crisol
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J2, Canada
| | - Steve E Hrudey
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
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3
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Zhao T, Carroll K, Craven CB, Wawryk NJP, Xing S, Guo J, Li XF, Huan T. HDPairFinder: A data processing platform for hydrogen/deuterium isotopic labeling-based nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in environmental water. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:583-593. [PMID: 37923467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling with solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) is a powerful analytical solution for nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in water samples. Given the huge amount of chemical information generated in HPLC-HRMS analysis, identifying all possible H/D-labeled amino chemicals presents a significant challenge in data processing. To address this, we designed a streamlined data processing pipeline that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw HPLC-HRMS data with high accuracy and efficiency. First, we developed a cross-correlation algorithm to correct the retention time shift resulting from deuterium isotopic effects, which enables reliable pairing of H- and D-labeled peaks. Second, we implemented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features generated by in-source fragmentation, salt adduction, and natural 13C isotopes. Third, we used a data mining strategy to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disjointed primary and secondary amines to facilitate putative compound annotation. Finally, we integrated these modules into a freely available R program, HDPairFinder.R. The rationale of each module was justified and its performance tested using experimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water samples. We further demonstrated the application of HDPairFinder to effectively extract N-containing contaminants, thus enabling the monitoring of changes of primary and secondary N-compounds in authentic water samples. HDPairFinder is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rapid processing of H/D isotopic methyl labeling-based nontargeted analysis of water samples, and will facilitate a better understanding of N-containing chemical compounds in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kristin Carroll
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Caley B Craven
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Nicholas J P Wawryk
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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4
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Zhao T, Wawryk NJP, Xing S, Low B, Li G, Yu H, Wang Y, Shen Q, Li XF, Huan T. ChloroDBPFinder: Machine Learning-Guided Recognition of Chlorinated Disinfection Byproducts from Nontargeted LC-HRMS Analysis. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38294426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a prominent analytical tool that characterizes chlorinated disinfection byproducts (Cl-DBPs) in an unbiased manner. Due to the diversity of chemicals, complex background signals, and the inherent analytical fluctuations of HRMS, conventional isotopic pattern (37Cl/35Cl), mass defect, and direct molecular formula (MF) prediction are insufficient for accurate recognition of the diverse Cl-DBPs in real environmental samples. This work proposes a novel strategy to recognize Cl-containing chemicals based on machine learning. Our hierarchical machine learning framework has two random forest-based models: the first layer is a binary classifier to recognize Cl-containing chemicals, and the second layer is a multiclass classifier to annotate the number of Cl present. This model was trained using ∼1.4 million distinctive MFs from PubChem. Evaluated on over 14,000 unique MFs from NIST20, this machine learning model achieved 93.3% accuracy in recognizing Cl-containing MFs (Cl-MFs) and 92.9% accuracy in annotating the number of Cl for Cl-MFs. Furthermore, the trained model was integrated into ChloroDBPFinder, a standalone R package for the streamlined processing of LC-HRMS data and annotating both known and unknown Cl-containing compounds. Tested on existing Cl-DBP data sets related to aspartame chlorination in tap water, our ChloroDBPFinder efficiently extracted 159 Cl-containing DBP features and tentatively annotated the structures of 10 Cl-DBPs via molecular networking. In another application of a chlorinated humic substance, ChloroDBPFinder extracted 79 high-quality Cl-DBPs and tentatively annotated six compounds. In summary, our proposed machine learning strategy and the developed ChloroDBPFinder provide an advanced solution to identifying Cl-containing compounds in nontargeted analysis of water samples. It is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/HuanLab/ChloroDBPFinder).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Nicholas J P Wawryk
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Shipei Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Gigi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Huaxu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Yukai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Qiming Shen
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Campus, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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5
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Craven C, Wawryk NJP, Carroll K, James W, Shu Z, Charrois JW, Hrudey SE, Li XF. Amino Acids as Potential Precursors to Odorous Compounds in Tap Water during Spring Runoff Events. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:18765-18774. [PMID: 37549310 PMCID: PMC10690712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The onset of spring runoff in northern climates and tap water odor events are difficult to predict because common water quality parameters cannot fully explain the intermittent odor events that occurred over past decades. Studies have shown that small polar water-soluble compounds, such as amino acids (AAs), leach first from ice/snowmelt. AAs are known to produce odorous compounds, such as aldehydes and chloroaldimines, upon chlorination. Therefore, we proposed that AAs may serve as markers for small and soluble organics that contribute to the odor of chlorinated tap water. Here, we studied the occurrence of AAs in source water collected at two water treatment plants and the odor profiles of tap water at >300 homes during the 2021 and 2022 spring runoff events. AA concentrations were at baseline levels (<100 ng/L) during the 2021 runoff but much higher (up to 5500 ng/L) in 2022 and associated with an escalation in odor complaints. AA concentrations peaked at the onset of the 2022 spring runoff and corresponded with the strongest reported odor intensities in tap water. We obtained high resolution MS and MS/MS spectra of chloroaldimines and confirmed the formation of chloroaldimines under chlorination of the six AAs detected in source water. The results indicate that AAs signal the onset of spring runoff and represent small polar water-soluble compounds that may contribute to tap water odor problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley
B. Craven
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Nicholas J. P. Wawryk
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Kristin Carroll
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Wendell James
- EPCOR
Water Services Inc., 2000-10423 101 Street NWEdmonton, Alberta, Canada T5H 0E8
| | - Zengquan Shu
- EPCOR
Water Services Inc., 2000-10423 101 Street NWEdmonton, Alberta, Canada T5H 0E8
| | - Jeffrey W.A. Charrois
- EPCOR
Water Services Inc., 2000-10423 101 Street NWEdmonton, Alberta, Canada T5H 0E8
| | - Steve E. Hrudey
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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6
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Kumblathan T, Liu Y, Pang X, Hrudey SE, Le XC, Li XF. Quantification and Differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Wastewater for Surveillance. Environ Health (Wash) 2023; 1:203-213. [PMID: 37736345 PMCID: PMC10510104 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance plays an important role in the monitoring of infections of SARS-CoV-2 at the community level. We report here the determination of SARS-CoV-2 and differentiation of its variants of concern in 294 wastewater samples collected from two major Canadian cities from May 2021 to March 2023. The overall method of analysis involved extraction of the virus and viral components using electronegative membranes, in situ stabilization and concentration of the viral RNA onto magnetic beads, and direct analysis of the viral RNA on the magnetic beads. Multiplex reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays, targeting specific and naturally selected mutations in SARS-CoV-2, enabled detection and differentiation of the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. An Omicron triplex RT-qPCR assay targeting three mutations, HV 69-70 deletion, K417N, and L452R, was able to detect and differentiate the Omicron BA.1/BA.3, BA.2/XBB, and BA.4/5. This assay had efficiencies of 90-104% for all three mutation targets and a limit of detection of 28 RNA copies per reaction. Analyses of 294 wastewater samples collected over a two-year span showed the concentrations and trends of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants as they emerge in two major Canadian cities participating in the wastewater surveillance program. The trends of specific variants were consistent with clinical reports for the same period. At the beginning of each wave, the corresponding variants were detectable in wastewater. For example, RNA concentrations of the BA.2 variant were as high as 104 copies per 100 mL of wastewater collected in January 2022, when approximately only 50-60 clinical cases of BA.2 infection were reported in Canada. These results show that the strategy and highly sensitive assays for the variants of concern in wastewater are potentially useful for the detection of newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and other viruses for future community biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kumblathan
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Yanming Liu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Division
of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
- Public
Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J2
| | - Steve E. Hrudey
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
- Division
of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
- Public
Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J2
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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7
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Liu Y, Kumblathan T, Joyce MA, Tyrrell DL, Tipples G, Pang X, Li XF, Le XC. Multiplex Assays Enable Simultaneous Detection and Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Clinical and Wastewater Samples. ACS Meas Sci Au 2023; 3:258-268. [PMID: 37600458 PMCID: PMC10152402 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The targeted screening and sequencing approaches for COVID-19 surveillance need to be adjusted to fit the evolving surveillance objectives which necessarily change over time. We present the development of variant screening assays that can be applied to new targets in a timely manner and enable multiplexing of targets for efficient implementation in the laboratory. By targeting the HV69/70 deletion for Alpha, K417N for Beta, K417T for Gamma, and HV69/70 deletion plus K417N for sub-variants BA.1, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5 of Omicron, we achieved simultaneous detection and differentiation of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Omicron in a single assay. Targeting both T478K and P681R mutations enabled specific detection of the Delta variant. The multiplex assays used in combination, targeting K417N and T478K, specifically detected the Omicron sub-variant BA.2. The limits of detection for the five variants of concern were 4-16 copies of the viral RNA per reaction. Both assays achieved 100% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity. Analyses of 377 clinical samples and 24 wastewater samples revealed the Delta variant in 100 clinical samples (nasopharyngeal and throat swab) collected in November 2021. Omicron BA.1 was detected in 79 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected in January 2022. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants were detected in 24 wastewater samples collected in May-June 2021 from two major cities of Alberta (Canada), and the results were consistent with the clinical cases of multiple variants reported in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Liu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Teresa Kumblathan
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Michael A. Joyce
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Graham Tipples
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department
of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
- Provincial
Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospitals, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J2, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Provincial
Laboratory for Public Health, Alberta Precision Laboratories, University of Alberta Hospitals, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J2, Canada
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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8
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Kumblathan T, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Pang L, Hrudey SE, Le XC, Li XF. An efficient method to enhance recovery and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 130:139-148. [PMID: 37032030 PMCID: PMC9554329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance (WS) of SARS-CoV-2 currently requires multiple steps and suffers low recoveries and poor sensitivity. Here, we report an improved analytical method with high sensitivity and recovery to quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater. To improve the recovery, we concentrated SARS-CoV-2 viral particles and RNA from both the solid and aqueous phases of wastewater using an electronegative membrane (EM). The captured viral particles and RNA on the EM were incubated in our newly developed viral inactivation and RNA preservation (VIP) buffer. Subsequently, the RNA was concentrated on magnetic beads and inhibitors removed by washing. Without eluting, the RNA on the magnetic beads was directly detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a noninfectious viral coat) spiked to wastewater samples showed an improved recovery of 80%. Analysis of 120 wastewater samples collected twice weekly between May 2021 and February 2022 from two wastewater treatment plants showed 100% positive detection, which agreed with the results independently obtained by a provincial public health laboratory. The concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in these wastewater samples ranged from 2.4×102 to 2.9×106 copies per 100 mL of wastewater. Our method's capability of detecting trace and diverse concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in complex wastewater samples is attributed to the enhanced recovery of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and efficient removal of PCR inhibitors. The improved method for the recovery and detection of viral RNA in wastewater is important for wastewater surveillance, complementing clinical diagnostic tests for public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kumblathan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yanming Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Qiu
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Lilly Pang
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Canada; Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Steve E Hrudey
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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9
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Liu Y, Kumblathan T, Tao J, Xu J, Feng W, Xiao H, Hu J, Huang CV, Wu Y, Zhang H, Li XF, Le XC. Recent advances in RNA sample preparation techniques for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva and gargle. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 165:117107. [PMID: 37317683 PMCID: PMC10204347 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in gargle and saliva complements the standard analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) specimens. Although gargle and saliva specimens can be readily obtained non-invasively, appropriate collection and processing of gargle and saliva specimens are critical to the accuracy and sensitivity of the overall analytical method. This review highlights challenges and recent advances in the treatment of gargle and saliva samples for subsequent analysis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and isothermal amplification techniques. Important considerations include appropriate collection of gargle and saliva samples, on-site inactivation of viruses in the sample, preservation of viral RNA, extraction and concentration of viral RNA, removal of substances that inhibit nucleic acid amplification reactions, and the compatibility of sample treatment protocols with the subsequent nucleic acid amplification and detection techniques. The principles and approaches discussed in this review are applicable to molecular detection of other microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Teresa Kumblathan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Tao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jingyang Xu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Wei Feng
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Huyan Xiao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jianyu Hu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Camille V Huang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yiping Wu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
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10
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Du LM, Hu SJ, Chen XM, Deng YY, Yong HL, Shi RC, Liu JG, Cao ZZ, You YJ, Liu YX, Ma SC, Ma LK, Li XF, Li XM, Hou JB, Ye ZC, Sang T, Cao Y, Liu H, Wei XX, Hu AL, Li YL, Gao HJ. [Survey of Helicobacter pylori levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance rates and drug resistance genes in Ningxia, 2020-2022]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 103:2163-2167. [PMID: 37482728 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230214-00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin and the common mutation patterns of resistance genes in Ningxia, and to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with Hp infection in 14 hospitals in Ningxia region from February 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively selected. Hp strains were isolated from gastric biopsy specimens of Hp-infected patients and subjected to phenotypic drug sensitivity testing and detection of resistance genes to analyze the rate of Hp resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin and the common mutation patterns of resistance genes in Ningxia region; and the concordance rate and Kappa concordance test were used to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. Results: A total of 1 942 Hp strains were isolated and cultured, and among the infections, 1 069 cases (55.0%) were male and 873 cases (45.0%) were female, aged (50.0±12.5) years (15-86 years). The rates of Hp resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in Ningxia were 42.1% (818/1 942) and 40.1% (779/1 942), respectively, and the rate of dual resistance to both was 22.8% (443/1 942). The rate of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin of Hp strains from female patients was higher than in male patients (levofloxacin: 50.4%(440/873) vs 35.4%(378/1 069); clarithromycin: 44.4%(388/873) vs 36.6%(391/1 069), both P<0.001). Among the GyrA gene mutations associated with levofloxacin resistance, the differences in mutation rate of amino acid at positions 87 and 91 were statistically significant in both drug-resistant and sensitive strains(both P<0.001), except for Asn87Thr. Hp strains were statistically significant for levofloxacin (Kappa=0.834, P<0.001) and clarithromycin (Kappa=0.829, P<0.001) had good concordance in resistance at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Conclusion: The resistance of Hp to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in Ningxia region is severe, and there is good consistency between genotypic and phenotypic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - S J Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - X M Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Y Y Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - H L Yong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - R C Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuzhong People's Hospital, Wuzhong 751199, China
| | - J G Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Z Z Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Y J You
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Y X Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - S C Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - L K Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - X M Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - J B Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Z C Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - T Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - X X Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - A L Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Y L Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Third Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - H J Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Institute of Digestive Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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Wawryk NP, Huang G, Craven C, Qiu J, Jmaiff Blackstock LK, Li XF. Aspartame-Sweetened Tap Water: Transformation Products and 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-Benzoquinone Formation. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:1332-1341. [PMID: 36628463 PMCID: PMC9878719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aspartame (APM), a dipeptide of aspartic acid (ASP) and phenylalanine (PHE), is a widely used artificial sweetener in beverages. It is unclear whether residual chlorine in tap water can react with APM to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Therefore, we investigated the formation of DBPs from the reaction of APM with residual chlorine in authentic tap water. APM and a commercial sweetener (CS) packet containing APM were studied under authentic and simulated tap water conditions. Eight chlorinated products of APM were detected using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). These new chloro-products were tentatively identified based on accurate masses, isotopic patterns of 35,37Cl, and MS/MS spectra. Furthermore, we identified APM as a precursor to 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ). DCBQ significantly increased to 2.3-12 ng/L with the addition of APM or CS in tap waters collected from different locations compared to 1.4-1.8 ng/L in the same tap water samples without sweetener. DCBQ and two of the chlorinated transformation products were identified in cold prepared tea containing APM. DCBQ formation was eliminated when the residual chlorine in tap water was reduced by ascorbic acid or boiling prior to the addition of APM or CS. This study found that eight new DBPs and DCBQ were produced by the reactions of residual chlorine with APM and CS. These findings show an unintended exposure source of emerging DBPs via APM sweetened beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
J. P. Wawryk
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Guang Huang
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Department
of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Caley Craven
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Junlang Qiu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Lindsay K. Jmaiff Blackstock
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
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12
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Shi YJ, Dong Y, Weng YH, Sun XP, Chen LX, Li XF, Kong LF. [Observation on the influnce of flood-soaking of paraffin blocks on the quality of diagnosis]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2023; 52:61-63. [PMID: 36617911 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20220608-00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Shi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y Dong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Y H Weng
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X P Sun
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L X Chen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - L F Kong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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13
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Yang X, Wang C, Zheng Q, Liu Q, Wawryk NJP, Li XF. Emerging Disinfection Byproduct 2,6-Dichlorobenzoquinone-Induced Cardiovascular Developmental Toxicity of Embryonic Zebrafish and Larvae: Imaging and Transcriptome Analysis. ACS Omega 2022; 7:45642-45653. [PMID: 36530307 PMCID: PMC9753109 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have observed the potential association of water disinfection byproduct (DBP) exposure with cardiac defects. Aromatic DBPs represent a significant portion of total DBPs, but their effects on cardiovascular development are unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of an aromatic DBP, 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (DCBQ), on the cardiovascular development of zebrafish embryos. After exposure to 2, 4, and 8 μM DCBQ, morphological images of growing zebrafish embryos clearly showed cardiovascular malformation. Fluorescent images of transgenic zebrafish strains with fluorescently labeled heart and blood vessels show that DCBQ exposure resulted in deformed atrium-ventricle looping, degenerated abdomen and trunk vessels, pericardial edema, and decreased blood flow. Furthermore, the expression of the marker gene myl7 (essential for the differentiation and motility of cardiomyocytes) was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by DCBQ exposure. Finally, transcriptome analysis found that in the 4 μM DCBQ exposure group, the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 113 (50 upregulated and 63 downregulated) at 24 hpf, 2123 (762 upregulated and 1361 downregulated) at 48 hpf, and 61 (11 upregulated and 50 downregulated) at 120 hpf; in the 8 μM DCBQ exposure group, the number of DEGs was 1407 (647 upregulated and 760 downregulated) at 120 hpf. The FoxO signaling pathway was significantly altered. The in vivo results demonstrate the effects of 2,6-DCBQ (0-8 μM) on cardiovascular development, contributing to the understanding of the developmental toxicity of aromatic DBP halobenzoquinones (HBQs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic
Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic
Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Qi Zheng
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic
Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qiongyu Liu
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic
Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Nicholas J. P. Wawryk
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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14
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Moreno-Bondi MC, Le XC, Field JA, Richardson SD, Li XF, Diamond ML, Li X, Goring PD. From Detection to Remediation: Analytical Science at the Forefront of Environmental Research. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:15182-15185. [PMID: 36260623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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15
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Moreno-Bondi MC, Le XC, Field JA, Richardson SD, Li XF, Diamond ML, Li X, Goring PD. From Detection to Remediation: Analytical Science at the Forefront of Environmental Research. ACS Omega 2022; 7:38105-38108. [PMID: 36340100 PMCID: PMC9631396 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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16
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Moreno-Bondi MC, Le XC, Field JA, Richardson SD, Li XF, Diamond ML, Li X, Goring PD. From Detection to Remediation: Analytical Science at the Forefront of Environmental Research. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14811-14814. [PMID: 36260632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Prasse C, Yang X, Chen C, Xu B, Li XF. Re-Imagining drinking water safety based on 21st century science: Microbial pathogens, emerging contaminants, byproducts, and health risks: Preface. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:1-2. [PMID: 35725061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada
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18
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Yang X, Wang C, Yang L, Zheng Q, Liu Q, Wawryk NJP, Li XF. Neurotoxicity and transcriptome changes in embryonic zebrafish induced by halobenzoquinone exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:129-140. [PMID: 35725065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are emerging disinfection byproducts (DBPs) with a widespread presence in drinking water that exhibit much higher cytotoxicity than regulated DBPs. However, the developmental neurotoxicity of HBQs has not been studied in vivo. In this work, we studied the neurotoxicity of HBQs on zebrafish embryos, after exposure to varying concentrations (0-8 µmol/L) of three HBQs, 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DCBQ), 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), and 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DBBQ) for 4 to 120 hr post fertilization (hpf). HBQ exposure significantly decreased the locomotor activity of larvae, accompanied by significant reduction of neurotransmitters (dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid) and acetylcholinesterase activity. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in neuronal morphogenesis (gfap, α1-tubulin, mbp, and syn-2α) were downregulated by 4.4-, 5.2-, 3.0-, and 4.5-fold in the 5 µmol/L 2,5-DCBQ group and 2.0-, 1.6-, 2.1-, and 2.3-fold in the 5 µmol/L 2,5-DBBQ group, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HBQ exposure affected the signaling pathways of neural development. This study demonstrates the significant neurotoxicity of HBQs in embryonic zebrafish and provides molecular evidence for understanding the potential mechanisms of HBQ neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
| | - Lihua Yang
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qiongyu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Nicholas J P Wawryk
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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19
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Qiu J, Craven C, Wawryk N, Carroll K, Li XF. Integration of solid phase extraction with HILIC-MS/MS for analysis of free amino acids in source water. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 117:190-196. [PMID: 35725070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are prevalent in source water, particularly during spring run-off. Monitoring of amino acids in source water is desirable for water treatment plants (WTP) to indicate changes in source water quality. The objective of this study was to establish analytical procedures for reliable monitoring of amino acids in source water. Therefore, we examined two different methods, large volume inject (LVI) and solid phase extraction (SPE), for sample preparation prior to HILIC-MS/MS. The LVI-HILIC-MS/MS method can provide fast and sensitive detection for clean samples, but suffers from matrix effects, resulting in irreproducible separation and shortening column lifetime. We have demonstrated that SPE was necessary prior to HILIC-MS/MS to achieve reproducible and reliable quantification of AAs in source water. A natural heterocyclic amine 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCCA) was also included in the method to indicate changes in other natural nitrogenous compounds in source water. The SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method was able to achieve limits of detection from 2.6-3400 ng/L for the amino acids and MTCCA with RSDs (n=3) of 1.1%-4.8%. As well, retention times (RT) of the analytes were reproducible with variation less than 0.01 min (n=3) through the entire project. We further applied the SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method to determine AAs in authentic source water samples collected from two drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) during the 2021 spring run-off season. The results support that the SPE-HILIC-MS/MS method does not require derivatization and can provide reliable, accurate, and robust analysis of AAs and MTCCA in source water, supporting future monitoring of source water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlang Qiu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Canada; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caley Craven
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Nicholas Wawryk
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Kristin Carroll
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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20
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Qiu J, Craven CB, Wawryk NJP, Ouyang G, Li XF. Unique On-Site Spinning Sampling of Highly Water-Soluble Organics Using Functionalized Monolithic Sorbents. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:8094-8102. [PMID: 35622959 PMCID: PMC9228052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water utilities encounter unpredictable odor issues that cannot be explained by routine water parameters during spring runoff, even in the summer and fall. Highly water-soluble organics (e.g., amino acids and saccharides) have been reported to form odorous disinfection byproducts during disinfection, but the lack of simple and practical on-site sampling techniques hampers their routine monitoring at trace levels in source water. Therefore, we have created two functionalized nested-in-sponge silica monoliths (NiS-SMs) using a one-pot synthesis method and demonstrated their application for extracting highly soluble organics in water. The NiS-SMs functionalized with the sulfonic group and phenylboronic moiety selectively extracted amino acids and monosaccharides, respectively. We further developed a spinning sampling technique using the composites and evaluated its robust performance under varying water conditions. The spinning sampling coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis provided limits of detection for amino acids at 0.038-0.092 ng L-1 and monosaccharides at 0.036-0.14 ng L-1. Using the pre-equilibrium sampling-rate calibration, we demonstrated the applicability of the spinning sampling technique for on-site sampling and monitoring of amino acids and monosaccharides in river water. The new composite materials and rapid on-site sampling technique are unique and efficient tools for monitoring highly soluble organics in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlang Qiu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caley B. Craven
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. P. Wawryk
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School
of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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21
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Liu Y, Kumblathan T, Feng W, Pang B, Tao J, Xu J, Xiao H, Joyce MA, Tyrrell DL, Zhang H, Li XF, Le XC. On-Site Viral Inactivation and RNA Preservation of Gargle and Saliva Samples Combined with Direct Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on Magnetic Beads. ACS Meas Sci Au 2022; 2:224-232. [PMID: 36785867 PMCID: PMC8848515 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Samples of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) are commonly used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and diagnosis of COVID-19. As an alternative, self-collection of saliva and gargle samples minimizes transmission to healthcare workers and relieves the pressure of resources and healthcare personnel during the pandemic. This study aimed to develop an enhanced method enabling simultaneous viral inactivation and RNA preservation during on-site self-collection of saliva and gargle samples. Our method involves the addition of saliva or gargle samples to a newly formulated viral inactivation and RNA preservation (VIP) buffer, concentration of the viral RNA on magnetic beads, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction directly from the magnetic beads. This method has a limit of detection of 25 RNA copies per 200 μL of gargle or saliva sample and 9-111 times higher sensitivity than the viral RNA preparation kit recommended by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The integrated method was successfully used to analyze more than 200 gargle and saliva samples, including the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in 123 gargle and saliva samples collected daily from two NPS-confirmed positive SARS-CoV-2 patients throughout the course of their infection and recovery. The VIP buffer is stable at room temperature for at least 6 months. SARS-CoV-2 RNA (65 copies/200 μL sample) is stable in the VIP buffer at room temperature for at least 3 weeks. The on-site inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and preservation of the viral RNA enables self-collection of samples, reduces risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and maintains the stability of the target analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Liu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Teresa Kumblathan
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Wei Feng
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Bo Pang
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Jeffrey Tao
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Jingyang Xu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Huyan Xiao
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Michael A. Joyce
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Li
Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology
and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - X. Chris Le
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G3
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22
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MacDonald AM, Gabos S, Braakman S, Cheperdak L, Lee B, Hrudey SE, Le XC, Li XF, Mandal R, Martin JW, Schopflocher D, Lyon ME, Cheung PY, Ackah F, Graydon JA, Reichert M, Lyon AW, Jarrell J, Benadé G, Charlton C, Huang D, Bennett MJ, Kinniburgh DW. Maternal and child biomonitoring strategies and levels of exposure in western Canada during the past seventeen years: The Alberta Biomonitoring Program: 2005-2021. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 244:113990. [PMID: 35714548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Alberta Biomonitoring Program (ABP) was created in 2005 with the initial goal of establishing baseline levels of exposure to environmental chemicals in specific populations in the province of Alberta, Canada, and was later expanded to include multiple phases. The first two phases focused on evaluating exposure in pregnant women (Phase One, 2005) and children (Phase Two, 2004-2006) by analyzing residual serum specimens. Phase Three (2013-2016) employed active recruitment techniques to evaluate environmental exposures using a revised list of chemicals in paired serum pools from pregnant women and umbilical cord blood. These three phases of the program monitored a total of 226 chemicals in 285 pooled serum samples representing 31,529 individuals. Phase Four (2017-2020) of the ABP has taken a more targeted approach, focusing on the impact of the federal legalization of cannabis on the exposure of pregnant women in Alberta to cannabis, as well as tobacco and alcohol using residual prenatal screening serum specimens. Chemicals monitored in the first three phases include herbicides, neutral pesticides, metals, metalloids, and micronutrients, methylmercury, organochlorine pesticides, organophosphate pesticides, parabens, phthalate metabolites, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phenols, phytoestrogens, polybrominated compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and tobacco biomarkers. Phase Four monitored six biomarkers of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. All serum samples were pooled. Mean concentrations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the chemicals detected in ≥25% of the sample pools. cross the first three phases, the data from the ABP has provided baseline exposure levels for the chemicals in pregnant women, children, and newborns across the province. Comparison within and among the phases has highlighted differences in exposure levels with age, geography, seasonality, sample type, and time. The strategies employed throughout the program phases have been demonstrated to provide effective models for population biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Stephan Gabos
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Bonita Lee
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steve E Hrudey
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Don Schopflocher
- Faculty of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martha E Lyon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Po-Yin Cheung
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Care (NICU), Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fred Ackah
- Alberta Government, Strategic Data & Analytic Branch, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Megan Reichert
- Alberta Health, Health Protection Branch, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew W Lyon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John Jarrell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerhard Benadé
- Emergency, Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carmen Charlton
- Alberta Precision Laboratory - Public Health Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospitals, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dorothy Huang
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa J Bennett
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Li XF, Li B, Lyu YF, Jian HR, Li YW, Fan ZM, Zhang DG, Wang H. [Preliminary analysis of pulse-step-sine test results in healthy population]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:671-676. [PMID: 35725308 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20220311-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of pulse-step-sine (PSS) test in healthy people of different ages and to discuss its clinical value. Methods: From July 10, 2018 to December 9, 2020, a total of 78 healthy volunteers, including 40 males and 38 females, were enrolled and divided into youth group, middle age group and old age group. The I Portal NOTC rotational-chair system (NKI) was applied for PSS detection to analyze the clinical characteristics of gain, phase, asymmetry, and slope of step and sinusoidal components. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS17.0 software. Results: In the same age group, there were no statistically significant differences in left and right step gain, slope gain and sine gain (All P values were greater than 0.05). Pairwise comparison between different age groups showed that there was no significant difference in the corresponding parameters between the youth group and the middle age group. Compared with young group, the old age group had a significantly lower step gain value in their left side (P<0.01) but not in the right side (P>0.05).The left and right slopes of the old age group were significantly lower than those of the young group and the middle group, and the differences were statistically significant (All P values<0.05). Conclusion: The PSS test can detect bilateral and unilateral horizontal semicircular canal function with good tolerance in different age groups, better than the traditional rotational chair examination to determine the well-compensated unilateral vestibular function. PSS test is a new vestibular detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Li
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institution of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institution of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Y F Lyu
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institution of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - H R Jian
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institution of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Y W Li
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institution of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Z M Fan
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institution of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - D G Zhang
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institution of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institution of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
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24
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Kumblathan T, Piroddi N, Hrudey SE, Li XF. Wastewater Based Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: Challenges and Perspective from a Canadian Inter-laboratory Study. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 116:229-232. [PMID: 35219421 PMCID: PMC8789553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kumblathan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Albert T6G 2G3a, Canada
| | - Nicholas Piroddi
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Albert T6G 2G3a, Canada
| | - Steve E Hrudey
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Albert T6G 2G3a, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Albert T6G 2G3a, Canada.
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25
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Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has been widespread in the world, and caused fever, rashes and other clinical symptoms of children, and sometimes inducing respiratory failure, brainstem encephalitis, and other complications, even death. The disease is mainly caused by enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus 16 (CV-A16). Since 2013, the proportion of HFMD cases caused by other enteroriruses has gradually increased, causing severe and even fatal cases. This paper summarizes the research progress in the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in China since 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - X H Li
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - X F Li
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Beijing Youan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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26
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Jian HR, Hu N, Li XF, Lyu YF, Li YW, Fan ZM, Wang HB, Zhang DG. [Correlation analysis of 3D-FLAIR MRI characteristics of the inner ear and vestibular function in the patients with vestibular neuritis]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:578-583. [PMID: 35610676 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210203-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The characteristics of 3D-FLAIR MRI images of the inner ear of patients with vestibular neuritis were preliminarily studied to explore the possible pathogenesis of vestibular neuritis, and the correlation analysis was conducted in combination with vestibular function to provide a basis for accurate diagnosis of vestibular neuritis. Methods: A total of 36 patients with vestibular neuritis (VN) from December 2019 to October 2020 were collected from the Vertigo Department of Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University. There were 36 cases (18 females, 18 males) with unilateral acute vestibular neuritis, 17 cases of left ear and 19 cases of right ear. According to the results of 3D-FLAIR MRI in the inner ears, the patients were divided into the enhanced group and the non-enhanced group (the health side served as the normal control group). The results of vestibular function examination in the two groups were compared. SPSS19.0 software was used for statistical processing to analyze the relationship between the vestibular function and the characteristics of 3D-FLAIR imaging in the inner ears. Results: Abnormal enhancement of 3D-FLAIR was found in 31 cases (86.1%) of the 36 cases, including 14 cases of both vestibular nerve and vestibular terminal organ enhancement, eight cases of superior vestibular nerve enhancement alone, seven cases of vestibular terminal organ enhancement alone, and two cases of cochlear enhancement alone. Observation of abnormal reinforcement of vestibular nerve showed: twenty-one cases of superior vestibular nerve reinforcement, one case of superior and inferior vestibular nerve reinforcement. No abnormalities were found in 3D-FLAIR of inner ear in 5 cases. According to the analysis of vestibular function results, there were 19 cases (52.8%) with total vestibular involvement, sixteen cases (44.4%) with superior vestibular involvement alone, and one case (2.8%) with inferior vestibular involvement alone. Comparison of vestibular function between the five cases (non-enhancement group) and the 31 cases (enhanced group) in the 3D-FLAIR group of the inner ears showed that the CP values of caloric tests in the enhanced group were higher (60.81±3.49 vs 34.12±7.37), with statistically significant difference (t=-2.898, P<0.01). Conclusion: In patients with vestibular neuritis, 3D-FLAIR MRI scan of the inner ear provides visual imaging evidence for clinical practice, considering that the lesion site of vestibular neuritis is not only in the vestibular nerve, but also in the vestibular end organ. Patients with 3D-FLAIR enhanced in the inner ear may have more significant vestibular function damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Jian
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - N Hu
- Medical Imaging Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Y F Lyu
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Y W Li
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Z M Fan
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - H B Wang
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
| | - D G Zhang
- Department of Vertigo Disease, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan 250022, China
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27
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Craven CB, Tang Y, Carroll K, An L, Chen B, Li XF. Closing the Gap of Known and Unknown Halogenated Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts in Water: Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Gao Y, Qiu J, Ji Y, Wawryk NJP, An T, Li XF. Formation Mechanism of Iodinated Aromatic Disinfection Byproducts: Acid Catalysis with H 2OI . Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:1791-1800. [PMID: 35061374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated aromatic disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) are a group of nonregulated but highly toxic DBPs. The formation of I-DBPs is attributed mainly to HOI because it is the most abundant reactive iodine species in chloraminated water. In this study, we used computational modeling of thermodynamics to examine the mechanism of iodination of aromatic contaminants, e.g., dipeptides and phenols. Computational prediction of the energy barriers of the formation of iodinated tyrosylglycine (I-Tyr-Gly) (66.9 kcal mol-1) and hydroxylated Tyr-Gly (OH-Tyr-Gly) (46.0 kcal mol-1) via iodination with HOI favors the formation of OH-Tyr-Gly over I-Tyr-Gly. Unexpectedly, mass spectrometry experiments detected I-Tyr-Gly but not OH-Tyr-Gly, suggesting that I-Tyr-Gly formation cannot be attributed to HOI alone. To clarify this result, we examined the thermodynamic role of the most reactive iodine species H2OI+ in the formation of aromatic I-DBPs under chloramination. Computational modeling of thermodynamic results shows that the formation of a loosely bonded complex of aromatic compounds with H2OI+ is the key step to initiate the iodination process. When H2OI+ serves as an acid catalyst and an iodinating agent, with HOI or H2O acting as a proton acceptor, the energy barrier of I-DBP formation was significantly lower (10.8-13.1 kcal mol-1). Therefore, even with its low concentration, H2OI+ can be involved in the formation of I-DBPs. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of aromatic I-DBP formation and important information for guiding research toward controlling I-DBPs in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Junlang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nicholas J P Wawryk
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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29
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Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is useful for the surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in communities, complementing clinical diagnostic testing of individuals. In this Review, we summarize recent progress and highlight remaining challenges in monitoring SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater systems for community and environmental surveillance. Very low concentrations of viral particles and RNA present in the complicated wastewater and sewage sample matrix require efficient sample processing and sensitive detection. We discuss advantages and limitations of available methods for wastewater sample processing, including collection, separation, enrichment, RNA extraction, and purification. Efficient extraction of the viral RNA and removal of interfering sample matrices are critical to the subsequent reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. We emphasize the importance of implementing appropriate controls and method validation, which include the use of surrogate viruses for assessing extraction efficiency and normalization against measurable chemical and biological components in wastewater. Critical analysis of the published studies reveals imperative research needs for the development, validation, and standardization of robust and sensitive methods for quantitative detection of viral RNA and proteins in wastewater for WBE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gursharan K. Uppal
- Division of Analytical and
Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Steve E. Hrudey
- Division of Analytical and
Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and
Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G3
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30
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Craven CB, Blackstock LKJ, Xie J, Li J, Yuan CG, Li XF. Analytical discovery of water disinfection byproducts of toxicological relevance: highlighting halobenzoquinones. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Analytical advancement enables discoveries in water research, and challenges in the identification and determination of a wide range of trace level toxic compounds in water drives the development of new analytical platforms and tools. The identification of toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in disinfected drinking water is an excellent example. Water disinfection is necessary to protect the public from waterborne disease. However, an unintentional consequence is the formation of DBPs resulting from reactions of disinfectants with natural organic matter in source water. To date, regulated DBPs do not account for the increased bladder cancer risk estimated in epidemiological studies. The majority of halogenated DBPs remain unidentified and the discovery of unknown DBPs of toxicological relevance continues to be a major focus of current water research. This review will highlight halobenzoquinones as a class of DBPs that serves as an example of analytical development and toxicological studies. We will feature recent trends and gaps in analytical technologies for identification of unknown DBPs and bioassays for evaluation of the toxicological effects of specific DBPs and their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley B. Craven
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Lindsay K. Jmaiff Blackstock
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jiaojiao Xie
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Chun-Gang Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, PR China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
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31
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Li XF, Gibbon P, Hützen A, Büscher M, Weng SM, Chen M, Sheng ZM. Polarized proton acceleration in ultraintense laser interaction with near-critical-density plasmas. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:015216. [PMID: 34412274 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.015216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The production of polarized proton beams with multi-GeV energies in ultraintense laser interaction with targets is studied with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. A near-critical density plasma target with prepolarized proton and tritium ions is considered for the proton acceleration. The prepolarized protons are initially accelerated by laser radiation pressure before injection and further acceleration in a bubblelike wakefield. The temporal dynamics of proton polarization is tracked via the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation and it is found that the proton polarization state can be altered by both the laser field and the magnetic component of the wakefield. The dependence of the proton acceleration and polarization on the ratio of the ion species is determined and it is found that the protons can be efficiently accelerated as long as their relative fraction is less than 20%, in which case the bubble size is large enough for the protons to obtain sufficient energy to overcome the bubble injection threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Li
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - P Gibbon
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Hützen
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Büscher
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S M Weng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Z M Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom.,Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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32
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Lyu YT, Zhang HY, Zhu XL, Chen JR, Li XF, Hu MJ. [A case of primary epithelioid angiosarcoma of the tonsil in a patient with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 56:869-870. [PMID: 34521175 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-2020921-00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - X L Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - J R Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - M J Hu
- Department of Pathology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji 311800, China
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33
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Zhang Y, Qu XF, Zhu CL, Yang HJ, Lu CH, Wang WL, Pang Y, Yang C, Chen LJ, Li XF. A Stable Quaternized Chitosan-Black Phosphorus Nanocomposite for Synergetic Disinfection of Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:4821-4832. [PMID: 35007031 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used for treatment of bacterial infections, and their overuse has contributed to microbial resistance. Currently, an alternative antibiotic-free therapy for inactivating bacteria is of great interest. Black phosphorus (BP), a biocompatible and nontoxic rising-star two-dimensional layered material, has gained remarkable interest in many bioapplications including biosensing, cancer therapy, drug delivery, and also antibacterial treatment. However, BP nanosheets suffer from instability in ambient environments due to rapid oxidation and degradation. To address this issue, BP nanosheets were modified with quaternized chitosan (QCS) by electrostatic adsorption to prepare a BP-QCS composite for photothermal/pharmaco treatment of bacterial infection. The BP-QCS has obviously enhanced solubility and chemical stability in aqueous suspensions. We have demonstrated that under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the BP-QCS can synergistically inactivate more than 95% methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MRSA) and Escherichia coli within 10 min with a dose of only 75 μg/mL in vitro. Meanwhile, the BP-QCS composite under NIR can synergistically inactivate 98% S. aureus in vivo. Furthermore, the BP-QCS suspensions at effective antibacterial concentrations have negligible cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xu-Fang Qu
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Han-Jie Yang
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chen-Hui Lu
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wen-Long Wang
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuehong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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34
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Niu HQ, Li XF. [Immunomicroecology: concept and applications]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:1549-1552. [PMID: 34098681 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20201124-03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microorganism exerts a profound impact on the development and function of human immunity. Vice versa, immunity also affects the constitution and function of human microbiota. Hence, a new concept, immunomicroecology, has been put forward as an inevitable consequence of the development in the fields of microecology and immunology. Here, we describe the reciprocities between immunological system and microecological system, and elaborate the concept, developing course, and prospects of immunomicroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Q Niu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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35
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Craven CB, Birjandi AP, Simons B, Jiang P, Li XF. Determination of eighty-two pesticides and application to screening pesticides in cannabis growing facilities. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 104:11-16. [PMID: 33985714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Determination of pesticides in cannabis facilities is increasingly important as medicinal and recreational uses of cannabis products expand rapidly. We report a method involving wipe sampling, liquid chromatography separation, and tandem mass spectrometry, which enables determination of 82 pesticides out of the 96 regulated by Health Canada. To demonstrate an application of the method, we sampled and measured pesticides in two cannabis growing facilities, representing a non-certified and a certified site. We detected 41 pesticides in surface wipe samples at the non-certified site and 6 at the certified site. This study provides the first evidence showing pesticide occurrence on common surfaces in cannabis growing facilities and points to a need for routine monitoring and strict control of pesticide use in cannabis facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caley B Craven
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, AB, Canada; Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, AB, Canada
| | - Afsoon Pajand Birjandi
- Molecular Science Corp, 120 Adelaide Street West, Suite 2500, Toronto M5H 1T1, ON, Canada
| | - Brigette Simons
- Molecular Science Corp, 120 Adelaide Street West, Suite 2500, Toronto M5H 1T1, ON, Canada
| | - Ping Jiang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G3, AB, Canada.
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36
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Zhou Z, Li XF, Tuo WX, Zheng AQ. A resonance suppression method in platform style inertial reference unit via particle swarm optimization notch filter. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:053708. [PMID: 34243357 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the development of laser communication, remote sensing imaging, and other technologies, an inertial reference unit (IRU) plays an essential part in the line-of-sight (LOS) stabilization system used for acquiring, pointing, and tracking targets. The IRU provides a stable reference beam to realize accurate LOS pointing under external disturbances. Compared with the frame style IRU, the platform style IRU (PIRU) can achieve a higher bandwidth and better precision. However, mechanical resonance is introduced by a flexure hinge inevitably in the PIRU, which affects the performance of the LOS stabilization system. In this paper, an open-loop dynamic model of PIRU is established. Identification experiments are carried out with results indicating a 28.7 dB resonance peak at 27.07 Hz in the x axis and a 30.3 dB resonance peak at 26.59 Hz in the y axis. An asymmetric notch filter is used to suppress the resonance peak to achieve a higher control bandwidth. A fitness function is designed to represent the effect of resonance suppression. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to search for an optimal solution of the fitness function to obtain the parameters of the asymmetric notch filter. Experimental results show that the resonance peak is reduced by 97.88% and the system bandwidth reaches 159.31 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhou
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - X F Li
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - W X Tuo
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - A Q Zheng
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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37
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Bai ZM, Li XF, Yang Y, Yang YF, Lv DR, Tang LL. Propofol inhibited gastric cancer proliferation via the hsa-miR-328-3p/STAT3 pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:1866-1873. [PMID: 33772723 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to elucidate the functional role of hsa-miR-328-3p/STAT3 pathway in the effects of propofol on gastric cancer proliferation. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to analyze the molecular expression differences of hsa-miR-328-3p/STAT3 axis in stomach adenocarcinoma (n = 435) and normal samples (n = 41) from TCGA database. The expression of the above molecules in gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and normal gastric mucosal cells GES-1 was verified via qPCR. The dual-luciferase assay was carried out to confirm the interaction between hsa-miR-328-3p and STAT3. Subsequently, the cell proliferation and the expression of the above molecules in SGC-7901 and GES-1 cells were evaluated after 10 μM propofol treatment. Finally, we analyzed whether propofol still inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer by suppressing STAT3 pathway after hsa-miR-328-3p down-regulation. RESULTS Compared with normal samples, the expression of hsa-miR-328-3p was significantly down-regulated in stomach adenocarcinoma samples, while the expression of STAT3 and downstream target genes (MMP2, CCND1 and COX2) was up-regulated. The results were consistent with those in GES-1 and SGC-7901 cell lines. Meanwhile, we found that hsa-miR-328-3p can bind to the 3'-UTR of the potential target gene STAT3. Furthermore, propofol significantly inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, where hsa-miR-328-3p was up-regulated and the expression of STAT3 and downstream proliferation-related target genes were down-regulated. However, the growth inhibition of propofol on SGC-7901 cell was significantly reversed after the inhibition of hsa-miR-328-3p. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, propofol suppressed the STAT3 pathway via up-regulating hsa-miR-328-3p to inhibit gastric cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuwei People's Hospital, North Side of Xuanwu Street, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, 733000, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Neonatology, Wuwei People's Hospital, Wuwei, 733000, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Wuwei Liangzhou Hospital, Wuwei, 733000, China
| | - Y F Yang
- Department of Neurocardiology, Wuwei Second People's Hospital, Wuwei, 733000, China
| | - D R Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuwei People's Hospital, North Side of Xuanwu Street, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, 733000, China
| | - L L Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuwei People's Hospital, North Side of Xuanwu Street, Liangzhou District, Wuwei, 733000, China.
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38
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Zhou Y, Wu D, Tang WM, Li XF, Huang SZ, Liu YW, He X, Lu Y, Ni YX, Li JR, Dai WC. [The roles of two HIV self-testing models in promoting HIV-testing among men who have sex with men]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:263-268. [PMID: 33626613 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200629-00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the roles between two different HIV self-testing models in promoting HIV-testing among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: This paper focuses on two HIV self-testing service models. The first; is the online self-testing model (HIV self-testing conventional model) with the sexual health promotion network platform. The other one is an innovative HIV self-testing model (secondary distribution model), based on the previous program. The two different self-testing models, including the number of indexes and alters, the positive rate, and the demographics of indexes and alters, are compared. The influence of volunteers with or without leadership on the number of HIV self-test kits distributed or self-use is analyzed through the leadership survey scale. Results: The return rates of HIV self-testing results in the two models are 94.7%(323/341) and 99.2%(1 141/1 150), respectively, within 30 days. The proportion of alters in the secondary distribution is significantly higher (45.9%,281/612) than the conventional HIV self-testing (6.3%,20/318). In the secondary distribution model, the difference between the number of indexes and alters indicators including age, marital status, residence, sex orientation, anal sex with men in the past six months, and HIV test are statistically significant (χ2 test, all P<0.05). The opinion leader of MSM has significantly impacted the promotion of HIV self-testing (P<0.05). Conclusions: Both models can promote HIV self-testing, result return, and HIV positive detection among MSM. In terms of expanding the testing and detection of HIV positive, the secondary distribution mode shows more obvious advantages, which significantly promotes a large number of MSM who have never been tested for HIV to undergo HIV testing. Influential indexes have a significant effect on increasing the HIV testing rate and promoting HIV testing among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - D Wu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project-China, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - W M Tang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project-China, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - X F Li
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - S Z Huang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Y W Liu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - X He
- Zhuhai Xutong Voluntary Services Center, Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Y Lu
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project-China, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Y X Ni
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project-China, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - J R Li
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 519020, China
| | - W C Dai
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai 519060, China
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39
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Li XS, Li XF, Jin LF, Zhao Y, Shen WZ. [Treatment of ALK negative metastatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor by combination of pembrolizumab and anlotinib: a case report]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2021; 43:240-242. [PMID: 33601493 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20191216-00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X S Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - L F Jin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - W Z Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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40
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Xue M, Lin X, Lin QX, Pu X, Liu J, Li XF, Hou J, Liu X, Chen R. Association between hepatitis B and E virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2974-2981. [PMID: 33554326 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the role of HE infection in HCC development and the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HEV coinfection on HCC risk. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. A total of 474 eligible HCC cases and 586 control patients were successfully recruited. The fasting venous blood was collected from the patients at the first visited to hospital and HBV infection and HEV infection were examined within 5 days. Crude and adjusted odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by using logistic regression model. HBV infection (OR: 63.10, 95% CI: 42.02-97.26) rather than HEV infection (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.721-1.65) was associated with an increased risk of HCC after adjustment for confounders. The association between HBV infection and HCC risk was more remarkable in male (OR: 72.61, 95% CI: 45.10-121.38) than in female (OR: 61.89, 95% CI: 25.74-169.26). In comparison with patients who infected with neither HEV nor HBV, those who infected with only HBV (OR: 69.62, 95% CI: 40.90-123.52) and who coinfected with HEV and HBV (OR: 67.48, 95% CI:37.23-128.19) were significantly associated with an increased risk after adjustment for potential confounders. The results showed that HBV infection rather than HEV infection was associated with an increased risk of HCC, and the HEV infection may alleviate the promoting impact of HBV on HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- The Laboratory of Computational Medicine and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-Xiong Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Pu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiumin Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Department of Pneumology disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun Hou
- The Laboratory of Computational Medicine and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yan R, Wang LJ, Liu L, Li XF, Zhou BY, Jiang N, Liu H. [A preliminary study on the mixed teaching of human parasitology based on MOOC resources and the experimental teaching digital platform]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2021; 33:74-78. [PMID: 33660479 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The mixed teaching model combines the advantages of traditional teaching and network teaching in the "Internet +" era, which has become one of the important trends in the higher education teaching development. In order to follow this development trend, the human parasitology teaching team makes a reasonable use of modern information techniques, actively promotes the construction and application of online resources, and conducts mixed online and offline teaching based on MOOC resources and the experimental teaching digital platform. This mixed teaching model has shown a positive impact on both teaching and learning among teachers and students; however, students' personalized independent and deep learning remains unsatisfactory. It is suggested that the online course resources construction, teaching design and digital literacy remain to be increased, so as to create a high-level, innovative and challenging online-offline mixed "golden course".
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yan
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - L J Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - L Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - X F Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - B Y Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - N Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - H Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Qiu J, Zhang Y, Craven C, Liu Z, Gao Y, Li XF. Nontargeted Identification of an N-Heterocyclic Compound in Source Water and Wastewater as a Precursor of Multiple Nitrosamines. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:385-392. [PMID: 33284617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
N-Nitrosamine disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are a health concern because they are probable human carcinogens. Complex organic nitrogenous compounds, nitrosamine precursors, are largely unidentified in source water. Using stable isotopic labeling-enhanced nontargeted analysis, we identified a natural product N-heterocyclic amine 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCCA) in source water. Interestingly, we discovered that chloramination of MTCCA-containing water could produce four nitrosamines: methylethylnitrosamine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, N-nitrosoanatabine, and N-nitrosoanabasine. Computational modeling and experimental results helped explain potential pathways of nitrosamines generated from chloramination of MTCCA. Further investigations confirmed widespread occurrence of MTCCA in source water and wastewater. Its concentration ranged from high in upstream creeks (23.2-332.2 ng L-1) to low in the river (5.7-37.6 ng L-1) during the 2020 spring runoffs, indicating that sources of MTCCA came from creeks around farms. Analysis of wastewater before and after ultraviolet, as well as microfiltration with subsequent ozonation treatments, showed increased MTCCA after treatments, demonstrating a difficulty to degrade and remove MTCCA in water. This study discovered the extensive presence of MTCCA in source water and wastewater, suggesting that natural N-heterocyclic compounds may serve as a new source of nitrosamine precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlang Qiu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yi Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caley Craven
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
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Jiang P, Qiu J, Gao Y, Stefan MI, Li XF. Nontargeted identification and predicted toxicity of new byproducts generated from UV treatment of water containing micropollutant 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Water Res 2021; 188:116542. [PMID: 33128979 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive identification of byproducts including intermediate transformation products (TPs) of micropollutants in source water is challenging and paramount for assessment of drinking water quality and treatment technologies. Here, we have developed a nontargeted analysis strategy coupled with computational toxicity assessment to identify indistinguishable TPs including isomers with large differences in toxicity. The new strategy was applied to study the UV treatment of water containing micropollutant 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT), and it enabled successful identification of a total of 22 organic TPs. Particularly, the structures of nine new TPs were identified for the first time; in addition, three isomers (P2, P3, and P4) were distinguished from the toxic contaminant 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (2-OH-BT). Computational assessments indicate that estrogenic activity of the three isomers (P2-P4) is higher than that of 2-OH-BT. Mass balance study shows that the 22 organic products accounted for 70% of the 2-MBT degraded, while 30% may degrade to inorganic products. Most TPs are resistant to UV photolysis. Computational toxicity assessment predicted the TPs to increase inhibition of human thyroperoxidase activity although they have lower aquatic toxicity compared to original 2-MBT. This study emphasizes the importance of monitoring the 2-MBT photodegradation products and the overall toxicity of finished water whose production included a UV light-based treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Junlang Qiu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mihaela I Stefan
- Trojan Technologies, 3020 Gore Road, London, ON, N5V 4T7, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Wawryk NJP, Craven CB, Blackstock LKJ, Li XF. New methods for identification of disinfection byproducts of toxicological relevance: Progress and future directions. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 99:151-159. [PMID: 33183692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) represent a ubiquitous source of chemical exposure in disinfected water. While over 700 DBPs have been identified, the drivers of toxicity remain poorly understood. Additionally, ever evolving water treatment practices have led to a continually growing list of DBPs. Advancement of analytical technologies have enabled the identification of new classes of DBPs and the quantification of these chemically diverse sets of DBPs. Here we summarize advances in new workflows for DBP analysis, including sample preparation, chromatographic separation with mass spectrometry (MS) detection, and data processing. To aid in the selection of techniques for future studies, we discuss necessary considerations for each step in the strategy. This review focuses on how each step of a workflow can be optimized to capture diverse classes of DBPs within a single method. Additionally, we highlight new MS-based approaches that can be powerful for identifying novel DBPs of toxicological relevance. We discuss current challenges and provide perspectives on future research directions with respect to studying new DBPs of toxicological relevance. As analytical technologies continue to advance, new strategies will be increasingly used to analyze complex DBPs produced in different treatment processes with the aim to identify potential drivers of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J P Wawryk
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Caley B Craven
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Lindsay K Jmaiff Blackstock
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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Wang H, Cheng F, Dong XT, Li XF, Wang YJ, Hao MJ. [Antibiotic analysis and whole genome sequencing of two nocardia farcinica strains causing joint infection]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 54:1441-1447. [PMID: 33333664 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200922-01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of two strains of Nocardia farcinica isolated from patients with joint infection using whole genome sequencing. Methods: Two strains of Nocardia farcinica causing knee-joint infections in two elderly patients were collected in January 2020. Whole genome sequencing was used to determine the nocardia species. Drug sensitivity test was performed using the micro-broth dilution and E-test method according to CLSI M24 guideline. ABRicate was used to analyze drug resistance and virulence genes. Snippy and other bioinformatic tools were used for genomic comparison, and to construct SNP homologous tree. Results: The clinical isolates in this study were both Nocardia farcinica. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed the isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefepime, cefotaxime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Imipenem, linezolid and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid showed good activity. Four antibiotic resistance genes including class A β-lactamase gene far-1, RNA polymerase binding protein gene RbpA, multi-drug resistance efflux pump transcription activator gene MtrA and regulatory transcription factor gene vanR-O were identified in the Nocardia farcinica genomes, which conferred resistance to beta-lactams, rifampicin, macrolides and vancomycin respectively. No acquired TMP/SMX resistance genes were identified. There are multiple missense mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase family genes. Four virulence genes of icl, mbtH, phoP, and relA that are homologous to Mycobacterium tuberculosis were found. SNP homologous tree analysis showed the two Nocardia strains were closely related, and there were only ten SNP sites, six compound substitutions and one deletion mutation between them. Conclusions: Whole genome sequencing technology is helpful to explore the molecular characteristics and resistance mechanisms of Nocardia species. Nocardia farcinica has a trend of spreading in China. Resistance to TMP/SMX is worthy of attention. The mutation of genes involved in the metabolic pathway of dihydrofolate might be one of multiple TMP/SMX resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014,China
| | - F Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - X T Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Y J Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - M J Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
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Li XF, Wu J, Zhou Y, Zhao XL. [Clinical analysis of 12 cases of spontaneous uterine rupture caused by placenta percreta]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55:691-696. [PMID: 33120481 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20200430-00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and early identification of spontaneous rupture of uterus caused by placenta percreta. Methods: The clinical data of 12 patients with spontaneous uterine rupture caused by placenta percreta and admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2014 to December 2019 were collected. The age, gestational age, gestational history, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, uterine operation history, rupture location, surgical method, treatment and outcome were analyzed. Results: (1) General condition: the median age of pregnant women was 37 years (range: 30-43 years), and the median gestational week of uterine rupture was 29+6 weeks (range: 18+3-36+3 weeks). (2) Clinical manifestation: among the 12 pregnant women, 9 showed different degrees of abdominal pain; chest distress accompanied by waist soreness, abdominal distension in 2 cases; one asymptomatic pregnant women was found with uterine rupture during elective cesarean section. Preoperative color Doppler ultrasonography indicated that 9 of the 12 pregnant women had peritoneal effusion, and 6 of them underwent diagnostic peritoneal puncture or posterior vault puncture for non-clotting blood extraction. (3) Uterine operation history and rupture location: among the 12 cases of spontaneous rupture of uterus caused by placenta percreta pregnant women, 10 had placenta previa after cesarean section, including 4 cases of rupture at the incision of the original cesarean section, 3 cases of rupture at the penetrating placental implantation of the lower segment of the anterior wall of the uterus, and 1 case of placenta percreta occurred at the myomectomy site of the right angle of the uterus. Among the 2 pregnant women with spontaneous uterine rupture caused by penetrating placental implantation without a history of cesarean section, 1 case with history of multiple abortions, and uterine rupture occurred at the bottom of the palace, 1 had rupture of placental penetrating implantation after hysteroscopic electroresection of endometrial polyps, and the uterine rupture occurred at the anterior wall of the lower segment of the uterus. (4) Maternal and fetal outcomes: 11 pregnant women were injected with suspension RBC and 1 pregnant woman was not injected with blood products. Nine cases underwent hysteroplasty and 3 cases underwent subtotal hysterectomy. There were 11 maternal survivors and 1 maternal death; 7 neonates survived and 6 stillbirths. Conclusions: Uterine rupture caused by placenta percreta is of great harm to mother and infant, due to its heterogeneity in clinical manifestations, which increases the possibility of misdiagnosis. For pregnant women with risk factors of placenta percreta, early diagnosis should be made during pregnancy. For those who have been diagnosed with placenta percreta, when there is typical or atypical uterine rupture, doctors should be alert to the occurrence of uterine rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - J Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - X L Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Lee J, Xu XX, Kaneko K, Sun Y, Lin CJ, Sun LJ, Liang PF, Li ZH, Li J, Wu HY, Fang DQ, Wang JS, Yang YY, Yuan CX, Lam YH, Wang YT, Wang K, Wang JG, Ma JB, Liu JJ, Li PJ, Zhao QQ, Yang L, Ma NR, Wang DX, Zhong FP, Zhong SH, Yang F, Jia HM, Wen PW, Pan M, Zang HL, Wang X, Wu CG, Luo DW, Wang HW, Li C, Shi CZ, Nie MW, Li XF, Li H, Ma P, Hu Q, Shi GZ, Jin SL, Huang MR, Bai Z, Zhou YJ, Ma WH, Duan FF, Jin SY, Gao QR, Zhou XH, Hu ZG, Wang M, Liu ML, Chen RF, Ma XW. Large Isospin Asymmetry in ^{22}Si/^{22}O Mirror Gamow-Teller Transitions Reveals the Halo Structure of ^{22}Al. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:192503. [PMID: 33216609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.192503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
β-delayed one-proton emissions of ^{22}Si, the lightest nucleus with an isospin projection T_{z}=-3, are studied with a silicon array surrounded by high-purity germanium detectors. Properties of β-decay branches and the reduced transition probabilities for the transitions to the low-lying states of ^{22}Al are determined. Compared to the mirror β decay of ^{22}O, the largest value of mirror asymmetry in low-lying states by far, with δ=209(96), is found in the transition to the first 1^{+} excited state. Shell-model calculation with isospin-nonconserving forces, including the T=1, J=2, 3 interaction related to the s_{1/2} orbit that introduces explicitly the isospin-symmetry breaking force and describes the loosely bound nature of the wave functions of the s_{1/2} orbit, can reproduce the observed data well and consistently explain the observation that a large δ value occurs for the first but not for the second 1^{+} excited state of ^{22}Al. Our results, while supporting the proton-halo structure in ^{22}Al, might provide another means to identify halo nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - X X Xu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China
| | - K Kaneko
- Department of Physics, Kyushu Sangyo University, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan
| | - Y Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - C J Lin
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
- College of Physics and Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - L J Sun
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P F Liang
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Z H Li
- School of Physic and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J Li
- School of Physic and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Y Wu
- School of Physic and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - D Q Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - J S Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Y Y Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C X Yuan
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Y H Lam
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y T Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - K Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - J G Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J B Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J J Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - P J Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Q Q Zhao
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - N R Ma
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - D X Wang
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - F P Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - S H Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - F Yang
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - H M Jia
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - P W Wen
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
| | - M Pan
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, China
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H L Zang
- School of Physic and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X Wang
- School of Physic and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C G Wu
- School of Physic and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - D W Luo
- School of Physic and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H W Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - C Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - C Z Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - M W Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - X F Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - H Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - P Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Q Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - G Z Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - S L Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - M R Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Z Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y J Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - W H Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - F F Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - S Y Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Q R Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X H Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China
| | - Z G Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China
| | - M Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou 516003, China
| | - M L Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - R F Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - X W Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Precision Nuclear Spectroscopy, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Zeng FS, Yang HM, Gong Y, She LH, Li XF, Xu Y. [The evaluation value of transient elastography for liver characteristics in obese children]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:3164-3168. [PMID: 33142400 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200729-02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of transient elastography (FibroTouch) in obese children and to investigate the liver characteristics of obese children based on FibroTouch. Methods: Children (5-18 years of age) from the Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center were examined by FibroTouch. The fat attenuation parameter (FAP) was used to assess liver fat deposition, and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was used to assess liver fibrosis. The children were divided into obesity group (n=67) and non-obesity group (n=139). The FAP, LSM, and their influencing factors were analysed in the obese group. Results: The total effective rate of FibroTouch in non-sedated children aged 5-18 years (n=229) was 97.8%. The FAP value 259.4 (235.9-275.5) dB/m in obese children was significantly higher than that in the control group 178.1 (168.7-195.6) dB/m, (Z=-10.586, P<0.001). The LSM value in obese children 5.9 (4.5-7.5) kPa was significantly higher than that in non-obese children 3.2 (2.3-4.1) kPa, (Z=-8.832, P<0.001). The proportion of liver fibrosis in obese group was 30%, and that of nonalcoholic fatty liver was 65.7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI percentile (≥ 95%) was an independent factor for significant liver fibrosis (OR=1.267, 95%CI: 1.056-1.519, P=0.011) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (OR=1.248, 95%CI: 1.007-1.546, P=0.043). Conclusions: FibroTouch can be successfully applied to obese children. Fibrotouch can accurately evaluate the liver fibrosis and fat attenuation parameters in obese children. Obese children have higher FAP and LSM, which increase the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Zeng
- Hepatology Unit, Departments of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510001, China
| | - H M Yang
- Hepatology Unit, Departments of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510001, China
| | - Y Gong
- Hepatology Unit, Departments of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510001, China
| | - L H She
- Hepatology Unit, Departments of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510001, China
| | - X F Li
- Hepatology Unit, Departments of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510001, China
| | - Y Xu
- Hepatology Unit, Departments of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510001, China
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Ning XH, Ma WT, Fan XH, Li XF, Wang Q, Liu ZM, Zhang S. [Clinical characteristics of patients with indication of cardiac implantable electronic devices implantation complicating with acute pulmonary thromboembolism]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2020; 48:837-841. [PMID: 33076620 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200513-00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of inpatients with the indication of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) therapy and combined acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE). Methods: We retrospectively screened 8 641 inpatients who admitted with the indication of CIED implantation in Fuwai Hospital from January 2014 to May 2019. The clinical characteristics, management strategies and clinical outcome were analyzed for patients diagnosed as APTE. Results: APTE were identified in 45 (5‰) patients in this cohort, there were 18(40%) male patients, the average age was (73±8) years old and body mass index was (27±10) kg/m2.Thirty-two (70%) patients were at intermediate-risk and 13 (30%) at low-risk. Anti-coagulation therapy was initiated in 38(84%) patients, and 30 patients underwent CIED implantation (27 pacemaker, 2 CRT and 1 ICD). No postoperative bleeding or pocket hematoma were detected in the 23 patients taking anticoagulation medication before implantation. During an average of (30±7) months' follow up, thrombus was dissolved in 20 patients, hemorrhage complications were observed in 2 patients (1 cerebral hemorrhage and 1 hematuria), anticoagulation therapy was discontinued in these 2 patients. Among 15 patients without immediate CIED implantation and treated with anticoagulation therapy during hospitalization, 2 patients developed complete paroxysmal Ⅲ° atrioventricular block, and recovered after therapy during hospitalization. Seven patients were re-hospitalized for CIED implantation due to bradycardia. Five patients died during follow-up (3 sudden cardiac death, 1 APTE combined with cerebral infarction, and 1 pulmonary infection). Conclusion: APTE is not rare in patients with the indication of CIED implantation, CIED implantation and anti-coagulation therapy are safe for these patients, and transient atrioventricular block could be detected in APTE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Ning
- Center of Arrhythmia, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - W T Ma
- Center of Arrhythmia, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - X H Fan
- Center of Arrhythmia, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - X F Li
- Center of Arrhythmia, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Q Wang
- Center of Arrhythmia, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Z M Liu
- Center of Arrhythmia, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - S Zhang
- Center of Arrhythmia, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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50
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Liu Y, Kumblathan T, Uppal GK, Zhou A, Moe B, Hrudey SE, Li XF. A hidden risk: Survival and resuscitation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the viable but nonculturable state after boiling or microwaving. Water Res 2020; 183:116102. [PMID: 32745672 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the existence and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable (VBNC) Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in drinking water induced by the common point-of-use disinfection treatments of boiling or microwaving. Tap water and saline samples containing E. coli O157:H7 culturable cells from a bovine isolate or two clinical isolates were boiled (1, 10, or 15 min) on a hot plate or microwaved (1.5 min) to reach boiling. No culturable E. coli O157:H7 cells were observed in the treated samples using conventional plating methods. In samples boiled for 1 or 10 min, two viability assays separately detected that 2-5.5% of the cells retained an intact membrane, while 28 to 87 cells out of the initial 108 cells retained both measurable intracellular esterase activity and membrane integrity. In samples boiled for 15 min, no viable cells were detected. The microwaved samples contained 6-10% of cells with an intact membrane, while 21 to 108 cells out of the initial 108 cells retained both membrane integrity and esterase activity. The number of viable cells retaining both metabolic activity and membrane integrity were consistent in all samples, supporting the survival of a small number of E. coli O157:H7 cells in the VBNC state after boiling for 1 or 10 min or microwaving. Furthermore, the VBNC E. coli O157:H7 cells regained growth at 37 °C in culture media containing autoinducers produced by common non-pathogenic E. coli, commonly present in the human intestine, and norepinephrine. The resuscitated cells were culturable on conventional plates and expressed mRNA encoding the E. coli O157 lipopolysaccharide gene (rfbE) and the H7 flagellin gene (fliC). This study highlights potential concerns for public health risk management of VBNC E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water disinfected by heat treatment at point-of-use. The public health significance of these concerns warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Teresa Kumblathan
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Gursharan K Uppal
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Angela Zhou
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Birget Moe
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada; Alberta Centre for Toxicology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Steve E Hrudey
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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