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Al Namazi M, Li S, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Amy G. A Fouling Comparison Study of Algal, Bacterial and Humic Organic Matters in Seawater Desalination Pretreatment Using Ceramic UF Membranes. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:234. [PMID: 36837737 PMCID: PMC9965402 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates three types of organic matter, namely algal organic matter (AOM), bacterial organic matter (BOM), and humic organic matter (HOM). These organics are different in properties and chemical composition. AOM, BOM and HOM were compared in terms of organic content, fouling behavior, and removal efficiency in ceramic UF filtration. UF experiments were conducted at a constant flux mode using 5 kDa and 50 kDa ceramic membranes. Results showed that 5 kDa membrane removed more transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)/organics than 50 kDa membranes, but less fouling formation for all the three types of organic matters tested. Membranes exhibited the lowest trans-membrane pressure (TMP) during the filtration of HOM, most probably due to the high porosity of the HOM cake layer, contributed by big HOM aggregates under Ca bridging effect. AOM shows the highest MFI-UF (modified fouling index-ultrafiltration) and TMP (transmembrane pressure) values among the three organics and during all filtration cycles for both membranes. The AOM fouling layer is well known for having high fouling potential due to its compressibility and compactness which increase the TMP and eventually the MFI values. AOM and BOM organics exhibited a similar fouling behavior and mechanism. Furthermore, the divalent cations such as calcium showed a significant impact on membrane fouling. That is probably because calcium ions made the membranes and organic matter less negatively charged and easier to deposit on membranes, thus, enhancing the membrane fouling significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Namazi
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Desalination Technology Research Institute (DTRI), Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC), Al Jubail 31951, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheng Li
- Desalination Technology Research Institute (DTRI), Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC), Al Jubail 31951, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Amy
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Sanchez-Huerta C, Fortunato L, Leiknes T, Hong PY. Influence of biofilm thickness on the removal of thirteen different organic micropollutants via a Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR). J Hazard Mater 2022; 432:128698. [PMID: 35349844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in natural water bodies has become an emerging concern due to their fast dissemination into natural water sources, high persistence, ubiquitous nature, and detrimental impact on the environment and human health. This study evaluated the Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR) efficiency in the removal of 13 OMPs commonly reported in water. Results demonstrated that OMPs removal is dependent on biofilm thickness and bacterial cell density, microbial community composition and physicochemical properties of OMPs. Effective removals of ammonium and organic carbon (COD, >50%), acetaminophen (70%) and triclosan (99%) were obtained even at early stages of biofilm development (thickness < 0.33 mm, 2.9 ×105 cell mL-1). An increase in biofilm thickness and cell density (1.02 mm, 2.2 ×106 cell mL-1) enhanced the system performance. MABR achieved over 90% removal of nonpolar, hydrophobic and hydrophilic OMPs and 22-69% removal of negatively charged and acidic OMPs. Relative abundances of Zoogloea, Aquabacterium, Leucobacter, Runella, and Paludilbaculum bacteria correlated with the removal of certain OMPs. In addition, MABR achieved up to 96% nitrification and 80% overall COD removal by the end of the experiment. The findings from this study demonstrated MABRs to be a feasible option to treat municipal wastewater polluted by OMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sanchez-Huerta
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - L Fortunato
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - T Leiknes
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P-Y Hong
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Scarascia G, Fortunato L, Myshkevych Y, Cheng H, Leiknes T, Hong PY. UV and bacteriophages as a chemical-free approach for cleaning membranes from anaerobic bioreactors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2016529118. [PMID: 34493685 PMCID: PMC8449398 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016529118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for wastewater treatment has attracted much interest due to its efficacy in providing high-quality effluent with minimal energy costs. However, membrane biofouling represents the main bottleneck for AnMBR because it diminishes flux and necessitates frequent replacement of membranes. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of combining bacteriophages and UV-C irradiation to provide a chemical-free approach to remove biofoulants on the membrane. The combination of bacteriophage and UV-C resulted in better log cells removal and ca. 2× higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) concentration reduction in mature biofoulants compared to either UV-C or bacteriophage alone. The cleaning mechanism behind this combined approach is by 1) reducing the relative abundance of Acinetobacter spp. and selected bacteria (e.g., Paludibacter, Pseudomonas, Cloacibacterium, and gram-positive Firmicutes) associated with the membrane biofilm and 2) forming cavities in the biofilm to maintain water flux through the membrane. When the combined treatment was further compared with the common chemical cleaning procedure, a similar reduction on the cell numbers was observed (1.4 log). However, the combined treatment was less effective in removing EPS compared with chemical cleaning. These results suggest that the combination of UV-C and bacteriophage have an additive effect in biofouling reduction, representing a potential chemical-free method to remove reversible biofoulants on membrane fitted to an AnMBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giantommaso Scarascia
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yevhen Myshkevych
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Cheng
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Alshahri AH, Fortunato L, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T. Controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs) by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation using liquid ferrate and clay. Chemosphere 2021; 274:129676. [PMID: 33540310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) occur worldwide and threaten the quality of marine life, public health, and membrane facilities in Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants. The effects of HABs on seawater desalination plants include extensive membrane fouling, increased coagulant consumption and plant shutdown. To determine how to mitigate such effects, this study assessed if low doses (0.01 mg/L, 0.10 mg/L, and 1.00 mg/L) of liquid ferrate (58% yield) and kaolin or montmorillonite clays alone could remove algal organic matter in coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) pretreatment desalination systems. Results showed that 0.01 mg/L of liquid ferrate coagulant removed 42% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 52% of biopolymers (BP), 71% of algal cells, and 99.5% of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). At a dose of 0.01 mg/L, clays exhibited high removal of turbidity (up to 88%), BP (up to 80%) and algal cells (up to 67%). The combination of liquid ferrate (58% yield) as a coagulant with kaolin or montmorillonite clays as coagulant aids in CFS pretreatment led to 72% removal of DOC, 86% of BP, and 84% of algal cells with a fixed dose of 0.01 mg/L for each. Findings from this study can help SWRO plants improve the performance of pretreatment systems during algal bloom events by reducing the consumption of coagulants while also maintaining high removal efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Alshahri
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, 21099, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Fortunato
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Rehman ZU, Khojah B, Leiknes T, Alsogair S, Alsomali M. Removal of Bacteria and Organic Carbon by an Integrated Ultrafiltration-Nanofiltration Desalination Pilot Plant. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:membranes10090223. [PMID: 32899597 PMCID: PMC7559365 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fouling caused by organic matter and bacteria remains a significant challenge for the membrane-based desalination industry. Fouling decreases the permeate quality and membrane performance and also increases energy demands. Here, we quantified the amount of organic matter and bacteria at several stages along the water-treatment train of an integrated ultrafiltration–nanofiltration seawater treatment pilot plant. We quantified the organic matter, in terms of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC), and evaluated its composition using Liquid Chromatography for Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD). The bacterial cells were counted using Bactiquant. We found that ultrafiltration (UF) was effective at removing bacterial cells (99.7%) but not TOC. By contrast, nanofiltration (NF) successfully removed both TOC (95%) and bacterial cells. However, the NF permeate showed higher amounts of AOC than seawater. LC-OCD analysis suggested that the AOC was mostly composed of low molecular weight neutral substances. Furthermore, we found that the cleaning of the UF membrane using chemically enhanced backwash reduced the amount of AOC released into the UF permeate. By implementing the cleaning-in-place of the NF membrane, the pressure drop was restored to the normal level. Our results show that the UF and NF membrane cleaning regimes investigated in this study improved membrane performance. However, AOC remained the hardest-to-treat fraction of organic carbon. AOC should, therefore, be monitored closely and regularly to mitigate biofouling in downstream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ur Rehman
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (B.K.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-12-808-0192
| | - Bayan Khojah
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (B.K.); (T.L.)
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; (B.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Safiya Alsogair
- DuPont Water Solutions, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona Alsomali
- Dow Middle East Innovation Center (MEIC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;
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Novoa AF, Fortunato L, Rehman ZU, Leiknes T. Evaluating the effect of hydraulic retention time on fouling development and biomass characteristics in an algal membrane photobioreactor treating a secondary wastewater effluent. Bioresour Technol 2020; 309:123348. [PMID: 32305017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coupling algal biomass growth to wastewater treatment is a promising alternative for the simultaneous removal and recovery of nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) on the fouling behavior and biomass characteristics of C. Vulgaris in a Membrane Photobioreactor (MPBR), fed with a secondary synthetic wastewater effluent. The changes in the algal cell characteristics and in their metabolic products were assessed at three different HRTs (12 h, 24 h and 36 h). Experimental results showed that higher loading rates led to a broader Particle Size Distribution (PSD) resulting from looser and less stable algal flocs. In contrast, bigger and homogeneously distributed particles observed at lower loading rates, led to a porous layer with lower fouling rates and organic removal. The presence of smaller particles and dissolved organics resulted in a more compact and less porous layer that increased the removal of small-MW organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Felipe Novoa
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zahid Ur Rehman
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Fortunato L, Lamprea AF, Leiknes T. Evaluation of membrane fouling mitigation strategies in an algal membrane photobioreactor (AMPBR) treating secondary wastewater effluent. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:134548. [PMID: 31791793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based advanced wastewater treatment has gained momentum due to the possibility of recovering nutrients for the production of fertilizers, biofuels and fine chemicals from microalgal biomass. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different fouling control strategies on the development of Chlorella vulgaris in a membrane photobioreactor (AMPMBR) treating a secondary wastewater effluent. The experimental results showed a decrease in the fouling rate (bar/hours) of 50% for backwash and relaxation and 60% for nitrogen bubble scouring. Additionally, in-situ non-destructive real time monitoring was employed to visualize and assess the change in morphology of the algae formed on the membrane surface. The use of fouling mitigation led to substantial changes in the biomass morphologies impacting the performance of the AMPMBR. The lowest biomass deposition (5-10 µm) was observed when nitrogen bubble scouring was employed, while the application of relaxation led to the thickest (180 µm), most heterogeneous and porous structure. The use of backwash led to a partial temporary biomass detachment from the membrane surface. This study, provided a better understanding of the impact of fouling mitigation strategies on the biomass formed on the membrane of AMPMBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrés Felipe Lamprea
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Medina SC, Farinha AS, Emwas AH, Tabatabai A, Leiknes T. A fundamental study of adsorption kinetics of surfactants onto metal oxides using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Rehman ZU, Fortunato L, Cheng T, Leiknes T. Metagenomic analysis of sludge and early-stage biofilm communities of a submerged membrane bioreactor. Sci Total Environ 2020; 701:134682. [PMID: 31704413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on membranes in activated sludge membrane bioreactors (MBR), commonly identified as biofouling, is a significant problem for MBR operations. A better understanding of microbial species involved in the biofilm formation is needed to develop anti-biofilm measures. A read-based and genome-resolved shotgun metagenomic approach was applied to characterize the composition and functional potential of the sludge and early stage biofilm microbial communities in an MBR process. Read-based analysis revealed that the prevalence of different phyla are relatively similar in both the sludge and biofilm samples, with Proteobacteria as the most dominant, followed by Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes. However, the relative abundance of these phyla slightly varies between the sludge and biofilm. Phyla such as Actinobacteria, bacterial candidate phyla, Chlamydiae, Cyanobacteria/Melainabacteria and Firmicutes are 2 to 4 times more abundant in the biofilm than in the sludge. At the genus level, genera belonging to Proteobacteria (Legionella, Caulobacter, Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter and Rhizobium), Cyanobacteria (Hassallia), and Spirochaetes (Turneriella) are at least twice more abundant in the biofilm. These genera, especially those belonging to Phylum Proteobacteria, are known to play an important role in the formation of biofilms on surfaces. The Alpha diversity is found slightly higher in the biofilm, compared with sludge samples. Functional classification of reads through the SEED subsystem shows that functional classes such as those involved in the metabolism of various molecules are significantly different in the biofilm and sludge. A phylogenomic analysis of the six extracted metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) shows that three MAGs belong to Proteobacteria, and one MAG belong to each of Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes. The relative abundance of the MAG belonging to Alphaproteobacteria is higher in the biofilm. A functional potential analysis of the MAGs reveals their potential to metabolize carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ur Rehman
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tuoyuan Cheng
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Pathak N, Phuntsho S, Tran VH, Johir MAH, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Fujioka T, Shon HK. Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification using baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration hybrid system at different oxic-anoxic conditions for wastewater treatment. J Environ Manage 2020; 253:109685. [PMID: 31654928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration (OMBR-MF) hybrid system equipped with thin film forward osmosis membrane for wastewater treatment was evaluated at laboratory scale. The novel OMBR-MF hybrid system involved baffles, that separate oxic and anoxic zones in the aerobic reactor for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), and a bioreactor comprised of thin film composite-forward osmosis (TFC-FO) and polyether sulfone-microfiltration (PES-MF) membranes. The evaluation was conducted under four different oxic-anoxic cycle patterns. Changes in flux, salinity build-up, and microbial activity (e.g., extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were assessed. Over the course of a 34 d test, the OMBR-MF hybrid system achieved high removal of total organic carbon (TOC) (86-92%), total nitrogen (TN) (63-76%), and PO4-P (57-63%). The oxic-anoxic cycle time of 0.5-1.5 h was identified to be the best operating condition. Incorporation of MF membrane effectively alleviated salinity build-up in the reactor, allowing stable system operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirenkumar Pathak
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Van Huy Tran
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - M A H Johir
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takahiro Fujioka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Wei CH, Sanchez-Huerta C, Leiknes T, Amy G, Zhou H, Hu X, Fang Q, Rong H. Removal and biotransformation pathway of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole from municipal wastewater treatment by anaerobic membrane bioreactor. J Hazard Mater 2019; 380:120894. [PMID: 31325689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale mesophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was used to treat synthetic municipal wastewater with variable concentrations of antibiotic Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and bulk organics in this study. The removal and biotransformation pathway of SMX in the AnMBR were systematically investigated during a 170 d of operation under hydraulic retention time of 1 d. Average SMX removal was 97.1% under feed SMX of 10-1000 μg/L, decreasing to 91.6 and 88.0% under feed SMX of 10,000 and 100,000 μg/L due to the inhibition effects of high SMX loading rate on anaerobic microorganisms. SMX biotransformation followed pseudo-first order reaction kinetics based on SMX removal independent of feed SMX of 10-1000 μg/L during continuous operation and also in a batch test under initial SMX of 100,000 μg/L. According to the identified 7 transformation products (TPs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the biotransformation pathway of SMX from municipal wastewater treatment via AnMBR was first proposed to consist of 2 primary routes: 1) Butylbenzenesulfonamide without antibiotic toxicity dominated under feed SMX of 10-100 μg/L; 2) Sulfanilamide with much lower antibiotic toxicity than SMX dominated under feed SMX of 1000-100000 μg/L, further transforming to secondary TPs (4-Aminothiophenol, Aniline, Acetylsulfanilamide) and tertiary TPs (4-Acetylaminothiophenol, Acetylaniline).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hai Wei
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Claudia Sanchez-Huerta
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Amy
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Alshahri AH, Fortunato L, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T. Advanced coagulation using in-situ generated liquid ferrate, Fe (VI), for enhanced pretreatment in seawater RO desalination during algal blooms. Sci Total Environ 2019; 685:1193-1200. [PMID: 31390709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are considered a major threat for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plants. The presence of HABs in the raw feed water can cause increase of chemical consumption within the desalination plant, increase membrane fouling rate and might lead to plant shutdown. The removal of Algal Organic Matters (AOMs) during the pretreatment will help in increasing the membrane lifetime, reduce operation cost and increase the plant reliability. In this study, the efficiency of liquid ferrate and ferric chloride during coagulation on the removal of AOMs was investigated. The liquid ferrate was generated in-situ by wet oxidation of ferric iron using hypochlorite in a caustic medium. Two seawater models were employed, the first one contains 10 mg c/L of sodium alginate and the second one contains also 10 mg c/L of Chaetoceros affinis algae (CA). During the advanced coagulation, liquid ferrate proved to be more effective in removing AOM than ferric chloride, with an overall DOC removal of 90%, enabling 100% algal removal and the inactivation of 99.99% of the microorganisms. The results presented in this study highlights the efficiency of liquid ferrate as seawater pretreatment during the HABs events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Alshahri
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - NorEddine Ghaffour
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Fortunato L, Li M, Cheng T, Rehman ZU, Heidrich W, Leiknes T. Cake layer characterization in Activated Sludge Membrane Bioreactors: Real-time analysis. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Khan BK, Fortunato L, Leiknes T. Early biofouling detection using fluorescence-based extracellular enzyme activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 120:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Chekli L, Pathak N, Kim Y, Phuntsho S, Li S, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Shon HK. Combining high performance fertiliser with surfactants to reduce the reverse solute flux in the fertiliser drawn forward osmosis process. J Environ Manage 2018; 226:217-225. [PMID: 30119046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solutions to mitigate the reverse diffusion of solutes are critical to the successful commercialisation of the fertiliser drawn forward osmosis process. In this study, we proposed to combine a high performance fertiliser (i.e., ammonium sulfate or SOA) with surfactants as additives as an approach to reduce the reverse diffusion of ammonium ions. Results showed that combining SOA with both anionic and non-ionic surfactants can help in reducing the reverse salt diffusion by up to 67%. We hypothesised that, hydrophobic interactions between the surfactant tails and the membrane surface likely constricted membrane pores resulting in increased rejection of ions with large hydrated radii such as SO42-. By electroneutrality, the rejection of the counter ions (i.e., NH4+) also therefore subsequently improved. Anionic surfactant was found to further decrease the reverse salt diffusion due to electrostatic repulsions between the surfactant negatively-charged heads and SO42-. However, when the feed solution contains cations with small hydrated radii (e.g., Na+); it was found that NH4+ ions can be substituted in the DS to maintain its electroneutrality and thus the diffusion of NH4+ to the feed solution was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chekli
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nirenkumar Pathak
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Youngjin Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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16
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Wei CH, Wang N, HoppeJones C, Leiknes T, Amy G, Fang Q, Hu X, Rong H. Organic micropollutants removal in sequential batch reactor followed by nanofiltration from municipal wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol 2018; 268:648-657. [PMID: 30144738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of 26 organic micropollutants (OMPs) in synthetic municipal wastewater was investigated via the process of aerobic sequential batch reactor (SBR) alone and SBR followed by nanofiltration (NF). SBR-NF performed better than SBR alone, ascribed to the contribution of NF: 1) complete biomass rejection resulted in diverse microbial community and much less fluctuated performance than SBR alone, and 2) direct OMPs rejection (74-98%) increased their retention time in SBR and thus overall removal via biodegradation/transformation and accumulation in SBR. Nine OMPs showed high biological removal (over 60%), 6 OMPs showed moderate biological removal (30-70%) and 10 OMPs showed low biological removal (below 40%). Most readily and moderately biodegradable OMPs contained strong electron donating group. Most refractory OMPs contained strong electron withdrawing group and/or halogen substitute. The batch addition of powdered activated carbon (100 mg/L) into SBR showed short term sorption performance for both OMPs and bulk organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hai Wei
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nan Wang
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christiane HoppeJones
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Amy
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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17
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Pathak N, Fortunato L, Li S, Chekli L, Phuntsho S, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Shon HK. Evaluating the effect of different draw solutes in a baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration using optical coherence tomography with real wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2018; 263:306-316. [PMID: 29753932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of an integrated osmotic and microfiltration membrane bioreactor for real sewage employing baffles in the reactor. To study the biofouling development on forward osmosis membranes optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique was employed. On-line monitoring of biofilm growth on a flat sheet cellulose triacetate forward osmosis (CTA-FO) membrane was conducted for 21 days. Further, the process performance was evaluated in terms of water flux, organic and nutrient removal, microbial activity in terms of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and floc size. The measured biofouling layer thickness was in the order sodium chloride (NaCl) > ammonium sulfate (SOA) > potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4). Very high organic removal (96.9 ± 0.8%) and reasonably good nutrient removal efficiency (85.2 ± 1.6% TN) was achieved. The sludge characteristics and biofouling layer thickness suggest that less EPS and higher floc size were the governing factors for less fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirenkumar Pathak
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Luca Fortunato
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Chekli
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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18
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Rehman ZU, Alam I, Kamau AA, Bajic VB, Leiknes T. Genome sequence analysis of Zooshikella ganghwensis strain VG4 and its potential for the synthesis of antimicrobial metabolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 19:e00278. [PMID: 30197874 PMCID: PMC6127377 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Draft genome sequence of Z. ganghwensis VG4 is reported. Culture supernatant of Z. ganghwensis VG4 exhibit antimicrobial properties. A total of 7634 genes are identified out of which 74% were annotated. Z. ganghwensis VG4 has genetic potential to synthesize bioactive secondary metabolites, such as, polyketides and nonribosomal peptides.
With antimicrobial resistance on the rise, the discovery of new compounds with novel structural scaffolds exhibiting antimicrobial properties has become an important area of research. Such compounds can serve as starting points for the development of new antimicrobials. In this report, we present the draft genome sequence of the Zooshikella ganghwensis strain VG4, isolated from Red Sea sediments, that produces metabolites with antimicrobial properties. A genomic analysis reveals that it carries at least five gene clusters that have the potential to direct biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites such as polyketides and nonribosomal peptides. By using in-silico approaches, we predict the structure of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Intikhab Alam
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allan Anthony Kamau
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre (CBRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Saudi Arabia
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19
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Pathak N, Li S, Kim Y, Chekli L, Phuntsho S, Jang A, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Shon HK. Assessing the removal of organic micropollutants by a novel baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration hybrid system. Bioresour Technol 2018; 262:98-106. [PMID: 29702422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach was employed to study removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in a baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration (OMBR-MF) hybrid system under oxicanoxic conditions. The performance of OMBR-MF system was examined employing three different draw solutes (DS), and three model OMPs. The highest forward osmosis (FO) membrane rejection was attained with atenolol (100%) due to its higher molar mass and positive charge. With inorganic DS caffeine (94-100%) revealed highest removal followed by atenolol (89-96%) and atrazine (16-40%) respectively. All three OMPs exhibited higher removal with organic DS as compared to inorganic DS. Significant anoxic removal was observed for atrazine under very different redox conditions with extended anoxic cycle time. This can be linked with possible development of different microbial consortia responsible for diverse enzymes secretion. Overall, the OMBR-MF process showed effective removal of total organic carbon (98%) and nutrients (phosphate 97% and total nitrogen 85%), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirenkumar Pathak
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youngjin Kim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Chekli
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Am Jang
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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20
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Rehman ZU, Leiknes T. Quorum-Quenching Bacteria Isolated From Red Sea Sediments Reduce Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1354. [PMID: 30065702 PMCID: PMC6057113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is the process by which bacteria communicate with each other through small signaling molecules such as N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). Certain bacteria can degrade AHL molecules by a process called quorum quenching (QQ); therefore, QQ can be used to control bacterial infections and biofilm formation. In this study, we aimed to identify new species of bacteria with QQ activity. Red Sea sediments were collected either from the close vicinity of seagrass or from areas with no vegetation. We isolated 72 bacterial strains, which were tested for their ability to degrade/inactivate AHL molecules. Chromobacterium violaceum CV026-based bioassay was used for the initial screening of isolates with QQ activity. QQ activity was further quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We found that these isolates could degrade AHL molecules of different acyl chain lengths as well as modifications. 16S-rRNA sequencing of positive QQ isolates showed that they belonged to three different genera. Specifically, two isolates belonged to the genus Erythrobacter; four, Labrenzia; and one, Bacterioplanes. The genome of one representative isolate from each genus was sequenced, and potential QQ enzymes, namely, lactonases and acylases, were identified. The ability of these isolates to degrade the 3OXOC12-AHLs produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and hence inhibit biofilm formation was investigated. Our results showed that the isolate VG12 (genus Labrenzia) is better than other isolates at controlling biofilm formation by PAO1 and degradation of different AHL molecules. Time-course experiments to study AHL degradation showed that VG1 (genus Erythrobacter) could degrade AHLs faster than other isolates. Thus, QQ bacteria or enzymes can be used in combination with an antibacterial to overcome antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Ur Rehman
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Fortunato L, Jang Y, Lee JG, Jeong S, Lee S, Leiknes T, Ghaffour N. Fouling development in direct contact membrane distillation: Non-invasive monitoring and destructive analysis. Water Res 2018; 132:34-41. [PMID: 29304446 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fouling development in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for seawater desalination was evaluated combining in-situ monitoring performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) together with destructive techniques. The non-invasive monitoring with OCT provided a better understanding of the fouling mechanism by giving an appropriate sampling timing for the membrane autopsy. The on-line monitoring system allowed linking the flux trend with the structure of fouling deposited on the membrane surface. The water vapor flux trend was divided in three phases based on the deposition and formation of different foulants over time. The initial flux decline was due to the deposition of a 50-70 nm porous fouling layer consisting of a mixture of organic compounds and salts. Liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) analysis revealed the abundance of biopolymer in the fouling layer formed at the initial phase. In the second phase, formation of carbonate crystals on the membrane surface was observed but did not affect the flux significantly. In the last phase, the water vapor flux dropped to almost zero due to the deposition of a dense thick layer of sulfate crystals on the membrane surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fortunato
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongsun Jang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Jeongneung-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Gil Lee
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Jeongneung-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Al-Bloushi M, Saththasivam J, Al-Sayeghc S, Jeong S, Ng KC, Amy GL, Leiknes T. Performance assessment of oxidants as a biocide for biofouling control in industrial seawater cooling towers. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Lee JG, Jang Y, Fortunato L, Jeong S, Lee S, Leiknes T, Ghaffour N. An advanced online monitoring approach to study the scaling behavior in direct contact membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Jeong S, Cho K, Jeong D, Lee S, Leiknes T, Vigneswaran S, Bae H. Effect of engineered environment on microbial community structure in biofilter and biofilm on reverse osmosis membrane. Water Res 2017; 124:227-237. [PMID: 28759795 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Four dual media filters (DMFs) were operated in a biofiltration mode with different engineered environments (DMF I and II: coagulation with/without acidification and DMF III and IV: without/with chlorination). Designed biofilm enrichment reactors (BERs) containing the removable reverse osmosis (RO) coupons, were connected at the end of the DMFs in parallel to analyze the biofilm on the RO membrane by DMF effluents. Filtration performances were evaluated in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC). Organic foulants on the RO membrane were also quantified and fractionized. The bacterial community structures in liquid (seawater and effluent) and biofilm (DMF and RO) samples were analyzed using 454-pyrosequencing. The DMF IV fed with the chlorinated seawater demonstrated the highest reductions of DOC including LMW-N as well as AOC among the other DMFs. The DMF IV was also effective in reducing organic foulants on the RO membrane surface. The bacterial community structure was grouped according to the sample phase (i.e., liquid and biofilm samples), sampling location (i.e., DMF and RO samples), and chlorination (chlorinated and non-chlorinated samples). In particular, the biofilm community in the DMF IV differed from the other DMF treatments, suggesting that chlorination exerted as stronger selective pressure than pH adjustment or coagulation on the biofilm community. In the DMF IV, several chemoorganotrophic chlorine-resistant biofilm-forming bacteria such as Hyphomonas, Erythrobacter, and Sphingomonas were predominant, and they may enhance organic carbon degradation efficiency. Diverse halophilic or halotolerant organic degraders were also found in other DMFs (i.e., DMF I, II, and III). Various kinds of dominant biofilm-forming bacteria were also investigated in RO membrane samples; the results provided possible candidates that cause biofouling when DMF process is applied as the pretreatment option for the RO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Jeong
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Jeong
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seockheon Lee
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Hyokwan Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Li S, Kim Y, Chekli L, Phuntsho S, Shon HK, Leiknes T, Ghaffour N. Impact of reverse nutrient diffusion on membrane biofouling in fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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26
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Cheng T, Wei CH, Leiknes T. Polishing of anaerobic secondary effluent by Chlorella vulgaris under low light intensity. Bioresour Technol 2017; 241:360-368. [PMID: 28577485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate anaerobic secondary effluent polishing by microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) under low light intensity (14μmol/m2/s), bubbling column reactors were operated in batches of 8 d with initial ammonium nitrogen 10-50mg/L, initial phosphate phosphorus 2-10mg/L and microalgal seed 40mg/L. Maximum microalgal biomass and minimum generation time were 370.9mg/L and 2.5d, respectively. Nitrogen removal (maximum 99.6%) was mainly attributed to microalgal growth rate, while phosphorus removal (maximum 49.8%) was related to microalgal growth rate, cell phosphorus content (maximum 1.5%) and initial nutrients ratio. Dissolved microalgal organics release in terms of chemical oxygen demand (maximum 63.2mg/L) and hexane extractable material (i.e., oil and grease, maximum 8.5mg/L) was firstly reported and mainly affected by nitrogen deficiency and deteriorated effluent quality. Ultrafiltration critical flux (16.6-39.5L/m2/h) showed negative linear correlation to microalgal biomass. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor effluent polishing showed similar results with slight inhibition to synthetic effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoyuan Cheng
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chun-Hai Wei
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Pathak N, Chekli L, Wang J, Kim Y, Phuntsho S, Li S, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Shon H. Performance of a novel baffled osmotic membrane bioreactor-microfiltration hybrid system under continuous operation for simultaneous nutrient removal and mitigation of brine discharge. Bioresour Technol 2017; 240:50-58. [PMID: 28342575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the performance of an integrated osmotic and microfiltration membrane bioreactor system for wastewater treatment employing baffles in the reactor. Thus, this reactor design enables both aerobic and anoxic processes in an attempt to reduce the process footprint and energy costs associated with continuous aeration. The process performance was evaluated in terms of water flux, salinity build up in the bioreactor, organic and nutrient removal and microbial activity using synthetic reverse osmosis (RO) brine as draw solution (DS). The incorporation of MF membrane was effective in maintaining a reasonable salinity level (612-1434mg/L) in the reactor which resulted in a much lower flux decline (i.e. 11.48-6.98LMH) as compared to previous studies. The stable operation of the osmotic membrane bioreactor-forward osmosis (OMBR-FO) process resulted in an effective removal of both organic matter (97.84%) and nutrient (phosphate 87.36% and total nitrogen 94.28%), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirenkumar Pathak
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Laura Chekli
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Youngjin Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 1-5 Ga, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hokyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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28
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Li S, Kim Y, Phuntsho S, Chekli L, Shon HK, Leiknes T, Ghaffour N. Methane production in an anaerobic osmotic membrane bioreactor using forward osmosis: Effect of reverse salt flux. Bioresour Technol 2017; 239:285-293. [PMID: 28531853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of reverse salt flux (RSF) on microbe community and bio-methane production in a simulated fertilizer driven FO-AnMBR system using KCl, KNO3 and KH2PO4 as draw solutes. Results showed that KH2PO4 exhibited the lowest RSF in terms of molar concentration 19.1mM/(m2.h), while for KCl and KNO3 it was 32.2 and 120.8mM/(m2.h), respectively. Interestingly, bio-methane production displayed an opposite order with KH2PO4, followed by KCl and KNO3. Pyrosequencing results revealed the presence of different bacterial communities among the tested fertilizers. Bacterial community of sludge exposed to KH2PO4 was very similar to that of DI-water and KCl. However, results with KNO3 were different since the denitrifying bacteria were found to have a higher percentage than the sludge with other fertilizers. This study demonstrated that RSF has a negative effect on bio-methane production, probably by influencing the sludge bacterial community via environment modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youngjin Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 1-5 Ga, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Laura Chekli
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Kim Y, Li S, Chekli L, Phuntsho S, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Shon HK. Influence of fertilizer draw solution properties on the process performance and microbial community structure in a side-stream anaerobic fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis - ultrafiltration bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 2017; 240:149-156. [PMID: 28279608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a side-stream anaerobic fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane bioreactor (MBR) hybrid system was proposed and operated for 55days. The FDFO performance was first investigated in terms of flux decline with various fertilizers draw solution. Flux decline was very severe with all fertilizers due to the absence of aeration and the sticky property of sludge. Flux recovery by physical cleaning varied significantly amongst tested fertilizers which seriously affected biofouling in FDFO via reverse salt flux (RSF). Besides, RSF had a significant impact on nutrient accumulation in the bioreactor. These results indicated that nutrient accumulation negatively influenced the anaerobic activity. To elucidate these phenomena, bacterial and archaeal community structures were analyzed by pyrosequencing. Results showed that bacterial community structure was affected by fertilizer properties with less impact on archaeal community structure, which resulted in a reduction in biogas production and an increase in nitrogen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 1-5 Ga, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laura Chekli
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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30
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Najm Y, Jeong S, Leiknes T. Nutrient utilization and oxygen production by Chlorella vulgaris in a hybrid membrane bioreactor and algal membrane photobioreactor system. Bioresour Technol 2017; 237:64-71. [PMID: 28286010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work studied oxygen production and nutrient utilization by Chlorella vulgaris at different organic/inorganic carbon (OC/IC) and ammonium/nitrate (NH4+-N/NO3--N) ratios to design a hybrid aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) and membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) system. Specific oxygen production by C. vulgaris was enough to support the MBR if high growth is accomplished. Nearly 100% removal (or utilization) of PO43--P and IC was achieved under all conditions tested. Optimal growth was achieved at mixotrophic carbon conditions (0.353d-1) and the highest NH4+-N concentration (0.357d-1), with preferable NH4+-N utilization rather than NO3--N. The results indicate the potential of alternative process designs to treat domestic wastewater by coupling the hybrid MBR - MPBR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Najm
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Wang Y, Fortunato L, Jeong S, Leiknes T. Gravity-driven membrane system for secondary wastewater effluent treatment: Filtration performance and fouling characterization. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Araújo PA, Machado I, Meireles A, Leiknes T, Mergulhão F, Melo LF, Simões M. Combination of selected enzymes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in biofilm inactivation, removal and regrowth. Food Res Int 2017; 95:101-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Fortunato L, Leiknes T. In-situ biofouling assessment in spacer filled channels using optical coherence tomography (OCT): 3D biofilm thickness mapping. Bioresour Technol 2017; 229:231-235. [PMID: 28111031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane systems for water purification can be seriously hampered by biofouling. The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate biofilms in membrane systems has recently increased due to the ability to do the characterization in-situ and non-destructively. The OCT biofilm thickness map is presented for the first time as a tool to assess biofilm spatial distribution on a surface. The map allows the visualization and evaluation of the biofilm formation and growth in membrane filtration systems through the use of a false color scale. The biofilm development was monitored with OCT to evaluate the suitability of the proposed approach. A 3D time series analysis of biofilm development in a spacer filled channel representative of a spiral-wound membrane element was performed. The biofilm thickness map enables the time-resolved and spatial-resolved evaluation and visualization of the biofilm deposition pattern in-situ non-destructively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Lee J, Jeong S, Ye Y, Chen V, Vigneswaran S, Leiknes T, Liu Z. Protein fouling in carbon nanotubes enhanced ultrafiltration membrane: Fouling mechanism as a function of pH and ionic strength. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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An AK, Guo J, Lee EJ, Jeong S, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Leiknes T. PDMS/PVDF hybrid electrospun membrane with superhydrophobic property and drop impact dynamics for dyeing wastewater treatment using membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Chekli L, Kim Y, Phuntsho S, Li S, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Shon HK. Evaluation of fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis for sustainable agriculture and water reuse in arid regions. J Environ Manage 2017; 187:137-145. [PMID: 27889657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on the performance of the FDFO process to achieve simultaneous water reuse from wastewater and production of nutrient solution for hydroponic application. Bio-methane potential (BMP) measurements were firstly carried out to determine the effect of osmotic concentration of wastewater achieved in the FDFO process on the anaerobic activity. Results showed that 95% water recovery from the FDFO process is the optimum value for further AnMBR treatment. Nine different fertilizers were then tested based on their FO performance (i.e. water flux, water recovery and reverse salt flux) and final nutrient concentration. From this initial screening, ammonium phosphate monobasic (MAP), ammonium sulfate (SOA) and mono-potassium phosphate were selected for long term experiments to investigate the maximum water recovery achievable. After the experiments, hydraulic membrane cleaning was performed to assess the water flux recovery. SOA showed the highest water recovery rate, up to 76% while KH2PO4 showed the highest water flux recovery, up to 75% and finally MAP showed the lowest final nutrient concentration. However, substantial dilution was still necessary to comply with the standards for fertigation even if the recovery rate was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chekli
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Youngjin Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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37
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Fortunato L, Bucs S, Linares RV, Cali C, Vrouwenvelder JS, Leiknes T. Spatially-resolved in-situ quantification of biofouling using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3D image analysis in a spacer filled channel. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Fortunato L, Qamar A, Wang Y, Jeong S, Leiknes T. In-situ assessment of biofilm formation in submerged membrane system using optical coherence tomography and computational fluid dynamics. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Fortunato L, Jeong S, Wang Y, Behzad AR, Leiknes T. Integrated approach to characterize fouling on a flat sheet membrane gravity driven submerged membrane bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 2016; 222:335-343. [PMID: 27741471 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBR) is acknowledged to be complex and unclear. An integrated characterization methodology was employed in this study to understand the fouling on a gravity-driven submerged MBR (GD-SMBR). It involved the use of different analytical tools, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), liquid chromatography with organic carbon detection (LC-OCD), total organic carbon (TOC), flow cytometer (FCM), adenosine triphosphate analysis (ATP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The three-dimensional (3D) biomass morphology was acquired in a real-time through non-destructive and in situ OCT scanning of 75% of the total membrane surface directly in the tank. Results showed that the biomass layer was homogeneously distributed on the membrane surface. The amount of biomass was selectively linked with final destructive autopsy techniques. The LC-OCD analysis indicated the abundance of low molecular weight (LMW) organics in the fouling composition. Three different SEM techniques were applied to investigate the detailed fouling morphology on the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fortunato
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yiran Wang
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali R Behzad
- Advanced Nanofabrication Imaging and Characterization Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia,.
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40
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An AK, Guo J, Jeong S, Lee EJ, Tabatabai SAA, Leiknes T. High flux and antifouling properties of negatively charged membrane for dyeing wastewater treatment by membrane distillation. Water Res 2016; 103:362-371. [PMID: 27486044 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the applicability of membrane distillation (MD) to treat dyeing wastewater discharged by the textile industry. Four different dyes containing methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), acid red 18 (AR18), and acid yellow 36 (AY36) were tested. Two types of hydrophobic membranes made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were used. The membranes were characterized by testing against each dye (foulant-foulant) and the membrane-dye (membrane-foulant) interfacial interactions and their mechanisms were identified. The MD membranes possessed negative charges, which facilitated the treatment of acid and azo dyes of the same charge and showed higher fluxes. In addition, PTFE membrane reduced the wettability with higher hydrophobicity of the membrane surface. The PTFE membrane evidenced especially its resistant to dye absorption, as its strong negative charge and chemical structure caused a flake-like (loose) dye-dye structure to form on the membrane surface rather than in the membrane pores. This also enabled the recovery of flux and membrane properties by water flushing (WF), thereby direct-contact MD with PTFE membrane treating 100 mg/L of dye mixtures showed stable flux and superior color removal during five days operation. Thus, MD shows a potential for stable long-term operation in conjunction with a simple membrane cleaning process, and its suitability in dyeing wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Kyoungjin An
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sanghyun Jeong
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eui-Jong Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Assiyeh Alizadeh Tabatabai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Li S, Lee ST, Sinha S, Leiknes T, Amy GL, Ghaffour N. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) removal efficiency by a combination of coagulation and ultrafiltration to minimize SWRO membrane fouling. Water Res 2016; 102:485-493. [PMID: 27403871 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of coagulation on the transformation between colloidal and particulate transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) in seawater; and the effectiveness of a combined pretreatment consisting of coagulation and UF on minimizing TEP fouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes. Coagulation with ferric chloride at pH 5 substantially transformed colloidal TEP (0.1-0.4) into particulate TEP (>0.4) leading to a better membrane fouling control. Both 50 and 100 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) UF membranes removed most of particulate and colloidal TEP without the assistance of coagulation, but coagulation is still necessary for better UF fouling control. The improvement of combined SWRO pretreatment with coagulation and 50 kDa UF membranes was not that much significant compared to UF pretreatment with 50 KDa alone. Therefore, the minimal coagulant dosage for seawater containing TEP should be based on the UF fouling control requirements rather than removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shang-Tse Lee
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnawaz Sinha
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary L Amy
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Bettahalli NS, Lefers R, Fedoroff N, Leiknes T, Nunes SP. Triple-bore hollow fiber membrane contactor for liquid desiccant based air dehumidification. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang T, Chen Y, Leiknes T. Oxidation of Refractory Benzothiazoles with PMS/CuFe2O4: Kinetics and Transformation Intermediates. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:5864-5873. [PMID: 27144396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTH) and its derivatives 2-(methylthio)bezothiazole (MTBT), 2-benzothiazolsulfonate (BTSA), and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (OHBT) are refractory pollutants ubiquitously existing in urban runoff at relatively high concentrations. Here, we report their oxidation by CuFe2O4-activated peroxomonosulfate (PMS/CuFe2O4), focusing on kinetics and transformation intermediates. These benzothiazoles can be efficiently degraded by this oxidation process, which is confirmed to generate mainly sulfate radicals (with negligible hydroxyl-radical formation) under slightly acidic to neutral pH conditions. The molar exposure ratio of sulfate radical to residual PMS (i.e., Rct) for this process is a constant that is related to the reaction condition and can be easily determined. The reaction rate constants of these benzothiazoles toward sulfate radical are (3.3 ± 0.3) × 10(9), (1.4 ± 0.3) × 10(9), (1.5 ± 0.1) × 10(9), and (4.7 ± 0.5) × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1), respectively (pH 7 and 20 °C). On the basis of Rct and these rate constants, their degradation in the presence of organic matter can be well-predicted. A number of transformation products were detected and tentatively identified using triple-quadruple/linear ion trap MS/MS and high-resolution MS. It appears that sulfate radicals attack BTH, MTBT, and BTSA on their benzo ring via electron transfer, generating multiple hydroxylated intermediates that are reactive toward common oxidants. For OHBT oxidation, the thiazole ring is preferentially broken down. Due to competitions of the transformation intermediates, a minimum PMS/pollutant molar ratio of 10-20 is required for effective degradation. The flexible PMS/CuFe2O4 could be a useful process to remove the benzothiazoles from low dissolved organic carbon waters like urban runoff or polluted groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23966-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University , Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23966-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Phuntsho S, Kim JE, Johir MA, Hong S, Li Z, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Shon HK. Fertiliser drawn forward osmosis process: Pilot-scale desalination of mine impaired water for fertigation. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim Y, Chekli L, Shim WG, Phuntsho S, Li S, Ghaffour N, Leiknes T, Shon HK. Selection of suitable fertilizer draw solute for a novel fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis-anaerobic membrane bioreactor hybrid system. Bioresour Technol 2016; 210:26-34. [PMID: 26898159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a protocol for selecting suitable fertilizer draw solute for anaerobic fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (AnFDFOMBR) was proposed. Among eleven commercial fertilizer candidates, six fertilizers were screened further for their FO performance tests and evaluated in terms of water flux and reverse salt flux. Using selected fertilizers, bio-methane potential experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fertilizers on anaerobic activity due to reverse diffusion. Mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) showed the highest biogas production while other fertilizers exhibited an inhibition effect on anaerobic activity with solute accumulation. Salt accumulation in the bioreactor was also simulated using mass balance simulation models. Results showed that ammonium sulfate and MAP were the most appropriate for AnFDFOMBR since they demonstrated less salt accumulation, relatively higher water flux, and higher dilution capacity of draw solution. Given toxicity of sulfate to anaerobic microorganisms, MAP appears to be the most suitable draw solution for AnFDFOMBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 1-5 Ga, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Laura Chekli
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wang-Geun Shim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Enviromental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noreddine Ghaffour
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Enviromental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological & Enviromental Science & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Jeong S, Naidu G, Vollprecht R, Leiknes T, Vigneswaran S. In-depth analyses of organic matters in a full-scale seawater desalination plant and an autopsy of reverse osmosis membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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47
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Valladares Linares R, Li Z, Yangali-Quintanilla V, Ghaffour N, Amy G, Leiknes T, Vrouwenvelder JS. Life cycle cost of a hybrid forward osmosis - low pressure reverse osmosis system for seawater desalination and wastewater recovery. Water Res 2016; 88:225-234. [PMID: 26512800 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, forward osmosis (FO) hybrid membrane systems have been investigated as an alternative to conventional high-pressure membrane processes (i.e. reverse osmosis (RO)) for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment and recovery. Nevertheless, their economic advantage in comparison to conventional processes for seawater desalination and municipal wastewater treatment has not been clearly addressed. This work presents a detailed economic analysis on capital and operational expenses (CAPEX and OPEX) for: i) a hybrid forward osmosis - low-pressure reverse osmosis (FO-LPRO) process, ii) a conventional seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination process, and iii) a membrane bioreactor - reverse osmosis - advanced oxidation process (MBR-RO-AOP) for wastewater treatment and reuse. The most important variables affecting economic feasibility are obtained through a sensitivity analysis of a hybrid FO-LPRO system. The main parameters taken into account for the life cycle costs are the water quality characteristics (similar feed water and similar water produced), production capacity of 100,000 m(3) d(-1) of potable water, energy consumption, materials, maintenance, operation, RO and FO module costs, and chemicals. Compared to SWRO, the FO-LPRO systems have a 21% higher CAPEX and a 56% lower OPEX due to savings in energy consumption and fouling control. In terms of the total water cost per cubic meter of water produced, the hybrid FO-LPRO desalination system has a 16% cost reduction compared to the benchmark for desalination, mainly SWRO. Compared to the MBR-RO-AOP, the FO-LPRO systems have a 7% lower CAPEX and 9% higher OPEX, resulting in no significant cost reduction per m(3) produced by FO-LPRO. Hybrid FO-LPRO membrane systems are shown to have an economic advantage compared to current available technology for desalination, and comparable costs with a wastewater treatment and recovery system. Based on development on FO membrane modules, packing density, and water permeability, the total water cost could be further reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valladares Linares
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Z Li
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Yangali-Quintanilla
- Grundfos Holding A/S, Research & Technology, Poul Due Jensens Vej 7, 8850 Bjerringbro, Denmark
| | - N Ghaffour
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Amy
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - J S Vrouwenvelder
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence of Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands
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Wei CH, Harb M, Amy G, Hong PY, Leiknes T. Sustainable organic loading rate and energy recovery potential of mesophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol 2014; 166:326-334. [PMID: 24926606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The overall performance of a mesophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for synthetic municipal wastewater treatment was investigated under a range of organic loading rate (OLR). A very steady and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (around 98%) was achieved over a broad range of volumetric OLR of 0.8-10 gCOD/L/d. The sustainable volumetric and sludge OLR satisfying a permeate COD below 50 mg/L for general reuse was 6 gCOD/L/d and 0.63 gCOD/gMLVSS (mixed liquor volatile suspended solids)/d, respectively. At a high sludge OLR of over 0.6 gCOD/gMLVSS/d, the AnMBR achieved high methane production of over 300 ml/gCOD (even approaching the theoretical value of 382 ml/gCOD). A low biomass production of 0.015-0.026 gMLVSS/gCOD and a sustainable flux of 6L/m(2)/h were observed. The integration of a heat pump and forward osmosis into the mesophilic AnMBR process would be a promising way for net energy recovery from typical municipal wastewater in a temperate area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hai Wei
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moustapha Harb
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Amy
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - TorOve Leiknes
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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50
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