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Hong JK, Lee TK, Kim I, Park S. Determinants of microbial colonization on microplastics through wastewater treatment processes: The role of polymer type and sequential treatment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 914:170072. [PMID: 38218474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the microbial colonization characteristics of microplastics (MPs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), focusing on polymer types (High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)) and various stages of wastewater treatments. Through individual and sequential deployment approaches, the research aimed to identify the determinants of bacterial colonization on MPs, whether they were introduced at each stage of treatment individually or in sequence from primary to tertiary stages. The study revealed that the stage of wastewater treatment profoundly influenced bacterial colonization on the polymer types MPs, with bacterial attachment being largely niche-specific. HDPE showed increased sensitivity to wastewater composition, leading to selective biofilm formation. For instance, in HDPE, Firmicutes accounted for 25.1 ± 0.04 % during primary treatment, while Alphaproteobacteria increased significantly in the tertiary treatment to 19.8 ± 0.1 %. Conversely, PET exhibited a stochastic pattern of bacterial colonization due to differences in surface hydrophilicity. Additionally, in sequential deployments, a notable shift towards stochastic bacterial attachment on MPs, particularly with HDPE was observed. The Shannon diversity values for MP biofilms were consistently higher than those for wastewater across all stages, with PET showing an increase in diversity in sequential deployments (Shannon diversity: 5.01 ± 0.03 for tertiary stage). These findings highlight the critical role of MPs as carriers of diverse bacteria, emphasizing the necessity for strategies to mitigate their impact in WWTPs. This study presents a significant advancement in our understanding of the interactions between MPs and microbial populations in WWTP environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Hong
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilho Kim
- Department of Environmental research, Korea Institute of Civil engineering and building Technology (KICT), Gyeonggi-Do 10223, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Saerom Park
- Department of Environmental research, Korea Institute of Civil engineering and building Technology (KICT), Gyeonggi-Do 10223, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Nguyen HT, Maeng SK, Lee TK, Oh S. Environmental consequences of transformation products from an antibiotic mixture and their mitigation in a wastewater microbiome using an HCl-modified adsorbent. Bioresour Technol 2024; 395:130402. [PMID: 38295960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
This study enhanced our understanding of antibiotic mixtures' occurrence, transformation, toxicity, and ecological risks. The role of acid-modified biochar (BC) in treating antibiotic residues was explored, shedding light on how BC influences the fate, mobility, and environmental impact of antibiotics and transformation products (TPs) in an activated sludge (AS) microbiome. A mixture of oxytetracycline and sulfamethoxazole was found to synergistically (or additively) inhibit cell growth of AS and disrupt the microbiome structure, species richness/diversity, and function. The formation of TPs with potentially higher toxicity and persistence than the original compounds was identified, explaining the microbiome disruption. Agricultural waste-derived BC was optimized for contaminant adsorption, leading to a reduction in toxicity when added to AS by sequestering TPs on its surface. This work highlighted adsorbents as a practical engineering strategy for mitigating liquid-phase contaminants' toxicological consequences, proactively controlling the fate and effects of antibiotics and TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep T Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungdae Oh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Indong RA, Park JM, Hong JK, Lyou ES, Han T, Hong JK, Lee TK, Lee JI. A simple protocol for cultivating the bacterivorous soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in its natural ecology in the laboratory. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1347797. [PMID: 38476935 PMCID: PMC10929012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1347797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex interplay between an animal and its surrounding environment requires constant attentive observation in natural settings. Moreover, how ecological interactions are affected by an animal's genes is difficult to ascertain outside the laboratory. Genetic studies with the bacterivorous nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have elucidated numerous relationships between genes and functions, such as physiology, behaviors, and lifespan. However, these studies use standard laboratory culture that does not reflect C. elegans true ecology. C. elegans is found growing in nature and reproduced in large numbers in soils enriched with rotting fruit or vegetation, a source of abundant and diverse microbes that nourish the thriving populations of nematodes. We developed a simple mesocosm we call soil-fruit-natural-habitat that simulates the natural ecology of C. elegans in the laboratory. Apples were placed on autoclaved potted soils, and after a soil microbial solution was added, the mesocosm was subjected to day-night, temperature, and humidity cycling inside a growth chamber. After a period of apple-rotting, C elegans were added, and the growing worm population was observed. We determined optimal conditions for the growth of C. elegans and then performed an ecological succession experiment observing worm populations every few days. Our data showed that the mesocosm allows abundant growth and reproduction of C. elegans that resembles populations of the nematode found in rotting fruit in nature. Overall, our study presents a simple protocol that allows the cultivation of C. elegans in a natural habitat in the laboratory for a broad group of scientists to study various aspects of animal and microbial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocel Amor Indong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Hong
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Lyou
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeman Han
- Korea National Park Research Insitute, Korea National Park Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwang Hong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin I. Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Kim KM, Lee TK, Lee SM, Chang WS, Lee SJ, Hwang J, Cho SR. Case report: Intrathecal baclofen therapy improved gait pattern in a stroke patient with spastic dystonia. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1330811. [PMID: 38419706 PMCID: PMC10899344 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1330811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy, a viable alternative for unsuitable candidates of conventional spasticity medications, is a preferred method of administration over the oral route. Owing to its enhanced bioavailability, ITB ensures a more effective delivery at the target site. Objective There is a lack of conclusive evidence regarding the use of ITB treatment in managing ambulatory patients with spastic dystonia. Before ITB pump implantation, patients commonly undergo an ITB bolus injection trial to rule out potential adverse reactions and verify the therapeutic effects on hypertonic issues. In this report, we highlight a case of spastic dystonia, particularly focusing on an ambulatory patient who demonstrated significant improvement in both the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) score and gait pattern following the ITB injection trial. Case report This case report outlines the medical history of a 67-year-old male diagnosed with left-side hemiplegia and spastic dystonia, resulting from his second episode of intracranial hemorrhage in the right thalamus. An ITB injection trial was initiated because the patient was not suitable for continued botulinum toxin injections and oral medications. This was due to the persistent occurrence of spastic dystonia in both the upper and lower extremities. The patient underwent a four-day ITB injection trial with progressively increasing doses, resulting in improved MAS scores and gait parameters, including cadence, step length, step time, stride length, and stride time were increased. Particularly, kinematic gait analysis demonstrates a substantial improvement of increased knee flexion in the swing phase in stiff knee gait pattern. These findings indicated a gradual reduction in spasticity-related symptoms, signifying the positive effect of the ITB injection trial. The patient eventually received an ITB pump implantation. Conclusion In this post-stroke patient with spastic dystonia, ITB therapy has demonstrated effective and substantial management of spasticity, along with improvement in gait patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Min Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ji Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hwang
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lyou ES, Kim MS, Kim SB, Park M, Kim KD, Jung WH, Lee TK. Single-cell phenotypes revealed as a key biomarker in bacterial-fungal interactions: a case study of Staphylococcus and Malassezia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0043723. [PMID: 37909790 PMCID: PMC10714763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00437-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Evaluating bacterial-fungal interactions is important for understanding ecological functions in a natural habitat. Many studies have defined bacterial-fungal interactions according to changes in growth rates when co-cultivated. However, the current literature lacks detailed studies on phenotypic changes in single cells associated with transcriptomic profiles to understand the bacterial-fungal interactions. In our study, we measured the single-cell phenotypes of bacteria co-cultivated with fungi using Raman spectroscopy with its transcriptomic profiles and determined the consequence of these interactions in detail. This rapid and reliable phenotyping approach has the potential to provide new insights regarding bacterial-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Lyou
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Group, Centre for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Soo Bin Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - MinJi Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Dong Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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Wee GN, Lyou ES, Nishu SD, Lee TK. Phenotypic shifts induced by environmental pre-stressors modify antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304509. [PMID: 38111637 PMCID: PMC10725907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Escalating prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus has necessitated urgent exploration into the fundamental mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance emergence, particularly in relation to its interaction with environmental stressors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental stressors prior to antibiotic exposure on the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus. Methods We used Raman spectroscopy and flow cytometry to measure prior stress-induced phenotypic alterations of S. aureus, and identified the association between phenotypic shifts and the antibiotic resistance. Results The results revealed a multifaceted relationship between stressors and the development of antibiotic resistance. The stressors effectuate distinct phenotypic diversifications and subsequently amplify these phenotypic alterations following antibiotic treatments, contingent upon the specific mode of action; these phenotypic shifts in turn promote the development of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus. This study's findings demonstrated that the presence of pre-stress conditions triggered an augmentation of resistance to vancomycin (VAN), while concurrently attenuating resistance to norfloxacin. Marked shifts in Raman peaks associated with lipids and nucleic acids demonstrated correlations with elevated survival rates following VAN treatment. Conclusion Consequently, these observations indicate that pre-stress conditions "prime" bacterial cells for differential responses to antibiotics and bear significant implications for formulating clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Rajapitamahuni S, Lyou ES, Kang BR, Lee TK. Microbial interaction-induced siderophore dynamics lead to phenotypic differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1277176. [PMID: 38045757 PMCID: PMC10690949 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1277176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of microbial interactions on siderophore dynamics and phenotypic differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus under iron-deficient conditions. Optimization of media demonstrated that the glycerol alanine salts medium was best suited for analyzing the dynamics of siderophore production because of its stable production of diverse siderophore types. The effects of pH and iron concentration on siderophore yield revealed a maximum yield at neutral pH and low iron concentration (10 µg). Microbial interaction studies have highlighted variations in siderophore production when different strains (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) are co-cultured with S. aureus. Co-culture of S. aureus with P. aeruginosa eliminated siderophore production in S. aureus, while co-culture of S. aureus with E. coli and S. epidermidis produced one or two siderophores, respectively. Raman spectroscopy revealed that microbial interactions and siderophore dynamics play a crucial role in directing the phenotypic differentiation of S. aureus, especially under iron-deficient conditions. Our results suggest that microbial interactions profoundly influence siderophore dynamics and phenotypic differentiation and that the study of these interactions could provide valuable insights for understanding microbial survival strategies in iron-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Ahn SH, Jeong DH, Kim M, Lee TK, Kim HK. Prediction of groundwater quality index to assess suitability for drinking purpose using averaged neural network and geospatial analysis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 265:115485. [PMID: 37729698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater quality management is pivotal for ensuring public health and ecological resilience. However, the conventional water quality indices often face challenges related to parameter selection, geographic coverage, and scalability. The integration of machine learning and spatial analysis represents a promising methodological shift, allowing for high accuracy and adaptive management strategies. The Safe Groundwater Project in Unsupplied Areas (2017-2020) employed a comprehensive Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) to evaluate potable groundwater quality across South Korea, utilizing a large dataset comprising 28 water quality parameters and 3552 wells. This study revealed that over 50 % of the evaluated wells (Total 8326 wells) were inappropriate as sources of drinking water, indicating a pressing need for policy revision. The averaged neural network model achieved a high predictive accuracy of approximately 95 % for GQI grades, outperforming other classification models. The introduction of 2D spatial analysis in conjunction with machine learning algorithms notably increased the predictive accuracy for unevenly distributed groundwater samples. Moreover, this combined approach enabled the intuitive visualization of groundwater vulnerability across various regions, which can inform targeted interventions for effective resource allocation and management. This research represents a methodologically robust, interdisciplinary approach that holds significant implications for a framework for future groundwater quality management and vulnerability assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyun Ahn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, South Korea
| | - Do Hwan Jeong
- Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - MoonSu Kim
- Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Koo Kim
- Soil and Groundwater Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, South Korea.
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Bell M, Lui H, Lee TK, Kalia S. Validation of medical service insurance claims as a surrogate for ascertaining vitiligo cases. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:541-550. [PMID: 36173455 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of vitiligo, especially its disease burden on the healthcare system, can be assessed indirectly by analyzing health insurance claims data. Validating this approach is integral to ensuring accurate case identification and cohort characterization. The primary aim of this study was to develop and validate an indirect measure of vitiligo ascertainment using health insurance claims data. These data were used secondarily to identify demographic characteristics, body site involvement, vitiligo subtypes, disease associations, and treatments. This study assessed the validity of identifying vitiligo from billing claims within a Canadian provincial universal health insurance program, versus vitiligo cases accrued from direct medical chart reviews. Claims-based algorithms combining ICD-9-CM diagnostic code 709 with treatment-specific data were derived and tested to identify vitiligo patients. This was compared against cases arising from the manual review of medical records of 606 patient with a diagnostic code for "dyschromia" (ICD-9-CM diagnostic code 709) from January 1 to December 31, 2016. Based on the chart reviews, 204 (33.7%) patients were confirmed to have vitiligo. 42 separate claims-based algorithms combining ICD-9-CM diagnostic code 709 with treatment data specific to vitiligo were modeled and individually tested to evaluate their accuracy for vitiligo ascertainment. One algorithm achieved a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 86.8% (95% CI 82.1-91.4), 92.5% (95% CI 90.0-95.1), 85.5% (95% CI 80.7-90.3), and 93.2% (95% CI 90.8-95.7), respectively. There was a 2.2 female-to-male ratio. The most common medical treatments were tacrolimus (74.5%) and topical corticosteroids (54.3%). Hypertension (24.2%) and hypothyroidism (19.6%) were the predominant co-morbidities associated with vitiligo. Health insurance claims data can be used to indirectly ascertain vitiligo for epidemiologic purposes with relatively high diagnostic performance between 85.5 and 93.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bell
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, 835 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, 835 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Cancer Control and/or Integrative Oncology and Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - T K Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, 835 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Cancer Control and/or Integrative Oncology and Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, 835 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada.
- Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Cancer Control and/or Integrative Oncology and Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada.
- Centre for Clinical Evaluation and Epidemiology, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
- Division of Dermatology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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Kang BR, Kim JJ, Hong JK, Schlosser D, Lee TK. Continuous operation of fungal wheel reactor based on solid-state fermentation for the removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products. J Environ Manage 2023; 331:117316. [PMID: 36682276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wood-rotting fungi and their enzymatic systems represent promising biocatalysts for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater. We designed a fungal wheel reactor (FWR) based on solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Trametes versicolor and a lignocellulosic substrate, which was used as an immobilization carrier for fungal biomass and the sole initial nutrient source for producing fungal oxidative enzymes. Three pharmaceutical and personal care products, acetaminophen, bisphenol A and carbamazepine, were spiked into the synthetic wastewater and the treatment was carried out under non-sterile conditions. Acetaminophen was completely removed from the FWR until laccase was observed. The acetaminophen removal efficiency was retrieved by replacing the fungal wheel with fresh SSF products. Bisphenol A and carbamazepine were removed via enzymatic activity and adsorption. When the fungal wheel was replaced, acetaminophen began to be completely removed, even after laccase depletion. The microbial community analysis indicated that the continuous removal of acetaminophen was mainly due to the high proportion of T. versicolor. The relative abundance of the co-occurring microbial community might be responsible for the divergence in acetaminophen removal between two of fungal wheel-replaced reactors. Overall, FWRs are promising tools for the removal of PPCPs by highly reactive enzymatic mechanisms as well as adsorption on the carrier surface. By replacing SSF and settled microbial communities, FWRs may continuously contribute to bioremediation over a long-term period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kang
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Hong
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Dietmar Schlosser
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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Wee GN, Lyou ES, Hong JK, No JH, Kim SB, Lee TK. Phenotypic convergence of bacterial adaption to sub-lethal antibiotic treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:913415. [PMID: 36467735 PMCID: PMC9714565 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.913415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms can adapt quickly to changes in their environment, leading to various phenotypes. The dynamic for phenotypic plasticity caused by environmental variations has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we analyzed the time-series of phenotypic changes in Staphylococcus cells during adaptive process to antibiotics stresses using flow cytometry and Raman spectroscopy. The nine antibiotics with four different mode of actions were treated in bacterial cells at a sub-lethal concentration to give adaptable stress. Although the growth rate initially varied depending on the type of antibiotic, most samples reached the maximum growth comparable to the control through the short-term adaptation after 24 h. The phenotypic diversity, which showed remarkable changes depending on antibiotic treatment, converged identical to the control over time. In addition, the phenotype with cellular biomolecules converted into a bacterial cell that enhance tolerance to antibiotic stress with increases in cytochrome and lipid. Our findings demonstrated that the convergence into the phenotypes that enhance antibiotic tolerance in a short period when treated with sub-lethal concentrations, and highlight the feasibility of phenotypic approaches in the advanced antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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12
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Nishu SD, No JH, Lee TK. Transcriptional Response and Plant Growth Promoting Activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens DR397 under Drought Stress Conditions. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0097922. [PMID: 35863006 PMCID: PMC9430913 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00979-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most vulnerable factors that affect crop productivity. Little is known about plant-associated microbiomes and their functional roles in assisting plant growth under drought. We investigated the genetic and transcriptomic characteristics of opportunistic beneficial microorganisms that selectively alleviate stress through plant-bacteria interactions under drought. Pseudomonas fluorescens DR397 was isolated from the drought-prone rhizospheric soil of soybean and showed high metabolic activity at -1.25 Mpa. The genome of DR397 possesses several genes related to the synthesis of compatible solutes (choline and glycine-betaine), exopolysaccharides (alginate and cellulose), and secretion systems (type II, III, IV, and VI), as well as genes related to plant growth promotion (indole-3-acetic acid, transketolase, and thiamine phosphate synthesis). The expression of these genes was significantly upregulated (8- to 263-fold change) only under drought conditions with plant root exudate treatment, whereas subtle transcriptomic changes were observed under solely root exudate treatment. When DR397 was placed on both legume cultivars (Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris), growth was hardly affected under well-watered conditions, but the shoot and root growths were increased by up from 62.0% to 149.1% compared with the control group under drought conditions. These results provide fundamental insight on the plant-bacterial interactions that alleviate plant stress as an important ecological strategy for improving drought tolerance. IMPORTANCE Drought is a serious abiotic stress on plants as wells as the microbes that coexist with plants, which significantly lowers their fitness. The plant-bacterial interaction is an important strategy to enhance their fitness under drought. However, many knowledge gaps still exist in our understanding of transcriptomic features of bacteria interacting with plant under drought. Here, by investigating the transcriptomic profiles and pot cultivation with legume, we show that the interactions of Pseudomonas fluorescens DR397 with plants change with drought. We, therefore, provide a fundamental evidence of a hidden hero in the soil that promote plant fitness from external stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Das Nishu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun No
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Kim SB, Lyou ES, Kim MS, Lee TK. Bacterial Resuscitation from Starvation-Induced Dormancy Results in Phenotypic Diversity Coupled with Translational Activity Depending on Carbon Substrate Availability. Microb Ecol 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02068-8. [PMID: 35788867 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy is a survival strategy of stressed bacteria inhabiting a various environment. Frequent dormant-active transitions owing to environmental changes play an important role in functional redundancy. However, a proper understanding of the phenotypic changes in bacteria during these transitions remains to be clarified. In this study, orthogonal approaches, such as electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and Raman spectroscopy, which can evaluate phenotypic heterogeneity at the single-cell level, were used to observe morphological and molecular phenotypic changes in resuscitated cells, and RNA sequencing (RNASeq) was used to determine the genetic characteristics associated with phenotypes. Within 12 h of the resuscitation process, morphological (cell size and shape) and physiological (growth and viability) characteristics as well as molecular phenotypes (cellular components) were found to be recovered to the extent that they were similar to those in active cells. The recovery rate and detailed phenotypic properties of the resuscitated cells differed significantly depending on the type or concentration of carbon sources. RNASeq analysis revealed that genes related to translation were significantly upregulated under all resuscitation conditions. The simpler the carbon source (e.g., glucose), the higher the expression of genes involved in cellular repair, and the more complex the carbon source (e.g., beef extract), the higher the expression of genes associated with increased energy production associated with cellular aerobic respiration. This study of phenotypic plasticity of resuscitated cells provides fundamental insight into understanding the adaptive fine-tuning of the microbiome in response to environmental changes and the functional redundancy resulting from phenotype heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bin Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26593, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Lyou
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26593, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26593, Republic of Korea
- BioChemical Analysis Group, Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26593, Republic of Korea.
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Choi A, Lee TK, Cho H, Lee WC, Hyun JH. Shifts in benthic bacterial communities associated with farming stages and a microbiological proxy for assessing sulfidic sediment conditions at fish farms. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 178:113603. [PMID: 35390629 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To assess the aquaculture-induced sediment conditions associated with sulfur cycles, shifts in bacterial communities across farming stages were investigated. The sulfate reduction rate (SRR), and concentrations of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and H2S were significantly higher at the mid- and post-farming stages than at the early stage, indicating that the aquaculture effects persist even after harvest. Incomplete organic carbon-oxidizing sulfate-reducing bacteria (IO-SRB) affiliated with Desulfobulbaceae, and gammaproteobacterial sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) (Thiohalobacter, Thioprofundum, and Thiohalomonas) were dominant during the early stage, whereas fermenting bacteria (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) and complete oxidizing SRB (CO-SRB) belonging to Desulfobacteraceae, and epsilonproteobacterial SOB (Sulfurovum) dominated during the mid- and post-stages. The shift in SRB and SOB communities well reflected the anoxic and sulfidic conditions of farm sediment. Especially, the Sulfurovum-like SOB correlated highly and positively with H2S, AVS, and SRR, suggesting that they could be relevant microbiological proxies to assess sulfidic conditions in farm sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeon Choi
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korean Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University,1Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoun Cho
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Won-Chan Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan 46083, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Hyun
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea.
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15
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No JH, Nishu SD, Hong JK, Lyou ES, Kim MS, Wee GN, Lee TK. Raman-Deuterium Isotope Probing and Metagenomics Reveal the Drought Tolerance of the Soil Microbiome and Its Promotion of Plant Growth. mSystems 2022; 7:e0124921. [PMID: 35103487 PMCID: PMC8805637 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01249-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought has become a major agricultural threat leading crop yield loss. Although a few species of rhizobacteria have the ability to promote plant growth under drought, the drought tolerance of the soil microbiome and its relationship with the promotion of plant growth under drought are scarcely studied. This study aimed to develop a novel approach for assessing drought tolerance in agricultural land by quantitatively measuring microbial phenotypes using stable isotopes and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy with deuterium isotope probing was used to identify the Raman signatures of drought effects from drought-tolerant bacteria. Counting drought-tolerant cells by applying these phenotypic properties to agricultural samples revealed that 0% to 52.2% of all measured single cells had drought-tolerant properties, depending on the soil sample. The proportions of drought-tolerant cells in each soil type showed similar tendencies to the numbers of revived pea plants cultivated under drought. The phenotype of the soil microbiome and plant behavior under drought conditions therefore appeared to be highly related. Studying metagenomics suggested that there was a reliable link between the phenotype and genotype of the soil microbiome that could explain mechanisms that promote plant growth in drought. In particular, the proportion of drought-tolerant cells was highly correlated with genes encoding phytohormone production, including tryptophan synthase and isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase; these enzymes are known to alleviate drought stress. Raman spectroscopy with deuterium isotope probing shows high potential as an alternative technology for quantitatively assessing drought tolerance through phenotypic analysis of the soil microbiome. IMPORTANCE Soil microbiome has played a critical role in the plant survival during drought. However, the drought tolerance of soil microbiome and its ability to promote plant growth under drought is still scarcely studied. In this study, we identified the Raman signature (i.e., phenotype) of drought effects from drought-tolerant bacteria in agricultural soil samples using Raman-deuterium isotope probing (Raman-DIP). Moreover, the number of drought-tolerant cells measured by Raman-DIP was highly related to the survival rate of plant cultivation under drought and the abundance of genes encoding phytohormone production alleviating drought stress in plant. These results suggest Raman-DIP is a promising technology for measuring drought tolerance of soil microbiome. This result give us important insight into further studies of a reliable link between phenotype and genotype of soil microbiome for future plant-bacteria interaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun No
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Susmita Das Nishu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Lyou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui Nam Wee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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16
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Lee J, Kim GY, Jeong S, Yang M, Kim JW, Cho BG, Choi Y, Kim S, Choi JS, Lee TK, Kim J, Lee DR, Chang SH, Park S, Jung JH, Bark CW, Koo TY, Ryan PJ, Ihm K, Kim S, Choi SY, Kim TH, Lee S. Template Engineering of Metal-to-Insulator Transitions in Epitaxial Bilayer Nickelate Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:54466-54475. [PMID: 34739229 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metal-to-insulator phase transitions in solids has been a keystone not only for discovering novel physical phenomena in condensed matter physics but also for achieving scientific breakthroughs in materials science. In this work, we demonstrate that the transport properties (i.e., resistivity and transition temperature) in the metal-to-insulator transitions of perovskite nickelates are tunable via the epitaxial heterojunctions of LaNiO3 and NdNiO3 thin films. A mismatch in the oxygen coordination environment and interfacial octahedral coupling at the oxide heterointerface allows us to realize an exotic phase that is unattainable in the parent compound. With oxygen vacancy formation for strain accommodation, the topmost LaNiO3 layer in LaNiO3/NdNiO3 bilayer thin films is structurally engineered and it electrically undergoes a metal-to-insulator transition that does not appear in metallic LaNiO3. Modification of the NdNiO3 template layer thickness provides an additional knob for tailoring the tilting angles of corner-connected NiO6 octahedra and the linked transport characteristics further. Our approaches can be harnessed to tune physical properties in complex oxides and to realize exotic physical phenomena through oxide thin-film heterostructuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Yeop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeop Jeong
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihyun Yang
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Kim
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Byeong-Gwan Cho
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseong Choi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sangmo Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin San Choi
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ryeol Lee
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyoung Chang
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Jung
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Wung Bark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Koo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Philip J Ryan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kyuwook Ihm
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Heon Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Ulsan and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center (EHSRC), Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghan Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Hyun HR, Yoon H, Lyou ES, Kim JJ, Kwon SY, Lee TK. Short-Term Legacy Effects of Mercury Contamination on Plant Growth and nifH-Harboring Microbial Community in Rice Paddy Soil. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:932-941. [PMID: 33624137 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), which is formed in rice paddy soil, exhibits strong neurotoxicity through bioaccumulation in the food chain. A few groups of microorganisms drive both mercury methylation and nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere. Little is known about how the shifted soil microbial community by Hg contamination affects nitrogen fixation rate and plant growth in paddy soil. Here, we examined how stimulated short-term Hg amendment affects the nitrogen fixing microbial community and influences plant-microbe interactions. Soil was treated with low (0.2 mg/kg) and high (1.1 mg/kg) concentrations of Hg for 4 weeks; then, rice (Oryza sativa) was planted and grown for 12 weeks. The nitrogen-fixation rate and rice growth were measured. The diversity and structure of the microbial community were analyzed by sequencing the nifH gene before and after rice cultivation. Hg treatments significantly decreased the nitrogen fixation rate and dry weight of the rice plants. The structure of the nifH-harboring community was remarkably changed after rice cultivation depending on Hg treatments. Iron- or sulfate-reducing bacteria, including Desulfobacca, Desulfoporosimus, and Geobacter, were observed as legacy response groups; their abundances increased in the soil after Hg treatment. The high abundance of those groups were maintained in control, but the abundance drastically decreased after rice cultivation in the soil treated with Hg, indicating that symbiotic behavior of rice plants changes according to the legacy effects on Hg contamination. These results suggested that Hg contamination can persist in soil microbial communities, affecting their nitrogen-fixation ability and symbiosis with rice plants in paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Hyun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakwon Yoon
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Lyou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chun-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Yun Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Hong JK, Kim SB, Ahn SH, Choi Y, Lee TK. Flow cytometric monitoring of the bacterial phenotypic diversity in aquatic ecosystems. J Microbiol 2021; 59:879-885. [PMID: 34554452 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a promising tool used to identify the phenotypic features of bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystems by measuring the physical and chemical properties of cells based on their light scattering behavior and fluorescence. Compared to molecular or culture-based approaches, flow cytometry is suitable for the online monitoring of microbial water quality because of its relatively simple sample preparation process, rapid analysis time, and high-resolution phenotypic data. Advanced statistical techniques (e.g., denoising and binning) can be utilized to successfully calculate phenotypic diversity by processing the scatter data obtained from flow cytometry. These phenotypic diversities were well correlated with taxonomic-based diversity computed using next-generation 16S RNA gene sequencing. The protocol provided in this paper should be a useful guide for a fast and reliable flow cytometric monitoring of bacterial phenotypic diversity in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyung Hong
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Kim
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Ahn
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoo Choi
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, 236-0001, Japan
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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Kim MS, Kim KH, Hwang SJ, Lee TK. Role of Algal Community Stability in Harmful Algal Blooms in River-Connected Lakes. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:309-318. [PMID: 33469721 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater produce toxins that pose a threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems. Although algal communities have been studied globally to understand the characteristics of HABs, the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems is rarely understood. Unlike abiotic factors, the effects of biotic factors (e.g., interaction, dominance, and variability) on the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria were overlooked due to the intricate interaction of microorganisms under different environmental conditions. To address this problem, a comprehensive ecological concept stability, which encompasses variations in species or communities due to changing biological interactions or environmental fluctuations, was applied in this study. The algal communities in six river-connected lakes in the North Han River, South Korea, were classified into high and low stability groups. The algal species belonging to diatoms and green algae groups played a major role in the interaction within the algal community in highly stable lakes, but the frequency of Microcystis led the interaction within the algal community at the center of the network in low-stability lakes. These results indicate that the interaction within the cluster is easily changed by Microcystis, where the abundance explosively increases in lakes with low algal community stability. Water quality is more strongly associated with the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria (Microcystis and Dolichospermum). In low-stability lakes, more diverse water quality indicators are correlated with the development of toxic algae than in high-stability lakes. This paper is the first report on the importance of algal community stability in freshwater in the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria and offers a new perspective on Microcystis monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Gangwon, 26493, South Korea
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Group, Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Keon Hee Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Soon Jin Hwang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Health Science, Yonsei University, Gangwon, 26493, South Korea.
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Park J, Kim M, Shin B, Kang M, Yang J, Lee TK, Park W. A novel decoy strategy for polymyxin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. eLife 2021; 10:66988. [PMID: 34180396 PMCID: PMC8324293 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of the outer membrane charge by a polymyxin B (PMB)-induced PmrAB two-component system appears to be a dominant phenomenon in PMB-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. PMB-resistant variants and many clinical isolates also appeared to produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses revealed that upregulation of the pmr operon and decreased membrane-linkage proteins (OmpA, OmpW, and BamE) are linked to overproduction of OMVs, which also promoted enhanced biofilm formation. The addition of OMVs from PMB-resistant variants into the cultures of PMB-susceptible A. baumannii and the clinical isolates protected these susceptible bacteria from PMB. Taxonomic profiling of in vitro human gut microbiomes under anaerobic conditions demonstrated that OMVs completely protected the microbial community against PMB treatment. A Galleria mellonella-infection model with PMB treatment showed that OMVs increased the mortality rate of larvae by protecting A. baumannii from PMB. Taken together, OMVs released from A. baumannii functioned as decoys against PMB. Wrapped in a thick, protective outer membrane, Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria can sometimes cause serious infections when they find their way into human lungs and urinary tracts. Antibiotics are increasingly ineffective against this threat, which forces physicians to resort to polymyxin B, an old, positively-charged drug that ‘sticks’ to the negatively-charged proteins and fatty components at the surface of A. baumannii. Scientists have noticed that when bacteria are exposed to lethal drugs, they often react by releasing vesicles, small ‘sacs’ made of pieces of the outer membranes which can contain DNA or enzymes. How this strategy protects the cells against antibiotics such as polymyxin B remains poorly understood. To investigate this question, Park et al. examined different strains of A. baumannii, showing that bacteria resistant to polymyxin B had lower levels of outer membrane proteins but would release more vesicles. Adding vesicles from resistant strains to non-resistant A. baumannii cultures helped cells to survive the drugs. In fact, this protective effect extended to other species, shielding whole communities of bacteria against polymyxin B. In vivo, the vesicles protected bacteria in moth larvae infected with A. baumannii, leading to a higher death rate in the animals. Experiments showed that the negatively-charged vesicles worked as decoys, trapping the positively-charged polymyxin B away from its target. Taken together, the findings by Park et al. highlight a new strategy that allows certain strains of bacteria to protect themselves from antibiotics, while also benefitting the rest of the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Misung Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyeong Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Ryu Y, Hong M, Kim SB, Lee TK, Park W. Raman spectroscopy reveals alteration of spore compositions under different nutritional conditions in Lysinibacillus boronitolerans YS11. J Microbiol 2021; 59:491-499. [PMID: 33779962 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about final spores components when bacteria undergo sporulation under different nutrient conditions. Different degrees of resistance and germination rates were observed in the three types of spores of Lysinibacillus boronitolerans YS11 (SD, Spores formed in Difco sporulation medium™; SC and SF, Spores formed in an agricultural byproduct medium with 10 mM CaCl2 and with 10 mM FeSO4, respectively). Stronger UV resistance was recorded for SF with 1.8-2.3-fold greater survival than SC and SD under UV treatment. The three spore types showed similar heat resistances at 80°C, but survival rates of SC and SD were much higher (∼1,000 times) than those of SF at 90°C. However, germination capacity of SF was 20% higher than those of SD and SC on Luria-Bertani agar plates for 24 h. SF germinated more rapidly in a liquid medium with high NaCl concentrations than SC and SD, but became slower under alkaline conditions. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the heterogeneities in the three types of vegetative cells and their spores under different nutritional conditions. Exponentially grown-each vegetative cells had different overall Raman peak values. Raman peaks of SC, SD, and SF also showed differences in adenine and amide III compositions and nucleic acid contents. Our data along with Raman spectroscopy provided the evidence that spores formed under under different growth conditions possess very different cellular components, which affected their survival and germination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngung Ryu
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Jin DW, Ko YJ, Ahn CW, Hur S, Lee TK, Jeong DG, Lee M, Kang CY, Jung JH. Polarization- and Electrode-Optimized Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films for Harsh Environmental Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Applications. Small 2021; 17:e2007289. [PMID: 33705597 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While piezoelectric nanogenerators have demonstrated the effective conversion of tiny mechanical vibrations to electricity, their performances are rarely examined under harsh environmental conditions. Here, a multilayered polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film-based piezoelectric nanogenerator (ML-PENG) is demonstrated to generate considerable and stable power outputs even at extremely low temperatures and pressures, and under strong UV. Up-/down-polarized PVDF films are alternately stacked, and Ag electrodes are intercalated between the two adjacent films. At -266 °C and 10-5 Torr, the ML-PENG generates an open-circuit voltage of 1.1 V, a short-circuit current density of 8 nA cm-2 , and a power density of 4.4 nW cm-2 . The piezoelectric outputs are quite stable against prolonged illumination of UV, large temperature- and pressure-variations, and excessive mechanical vibrations. The piezoelectric power density is greatly enhanced above the freezing and glass transition temperatures of PVDF and recorded to be 10, 105, and 282 nW cm-2 at -73, 0, and 77 °C, respectively. The ML-PENG generates sufficient power to operate five light-emitting diodes by harvesting biomechanical energy under simulated Martian conditions. This work suggests that polarization- and electrode-optimized ML-PENG can serve as a reliable and economic power source in harsh and inaccessible environments like polar areas of Earth and extraterrestrial Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Woon Jin
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Ko
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Ahn
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest-Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hur
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Geun Jeong
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Minbaek Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Yun Kang
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Jung
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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23
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Kang BR, Kim SY, Kang M, Lee TK. Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products using native fungal enzymes extracted during the ligninolytic process. Environ Res 2021; 195:110878. [PMID: 33592227 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significant concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been detected in aquatic environment. Fungal enzymatic processes can oxidize these persistent PPCPs; thus, these processes have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the removal of PPCPs using native fungal enzymes derived from Bjerkandera spp. TBB-03 under various conditions. Among the eight lignocellulosic substrates, ash, which showed the highest laccase production, was selected as the sole enzyme inducer. TBB-03 laccase was found to exhibit remarkable stability under varied pH and temperature conditions. Acetaminophen and bisphenol A were effectively removed by TBB-03 laccase under various conditions, except at pH 8. Although TBB-03 laccase could not efficiently remove single-state sulfamethoxazole directly, a 22% of improvement in sulfamethoxazole removal was observed in the presence of acetaminophen. Overall, our proposed approach showed that Bjerkandera adusta TBB-03 can be potentially applied for further research regarding PPCP remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Talaat KR, Porter CK, Bourgeois AL, Lee TK, Duplessis CA, Maciel M, Gutierrez RL, DeNearing B, Adjoodani B, Adkinson R, Testa KJ, Feijoo B, Alcala AN, Brubaker J, Beselman A, Chakraborty S, Sack D, Halpern J, Trop S, Wu H, Jiao J, Sullivan E, Riddle MS, Joseph SS, Poole ST, Prouty MG. Oral delivery of Hyperimmune bovine serum antibodies against CS6-expressing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli as a prophylactic against diarrhea. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1732852. [PMID: 32167011 PMCID: PMC7524165 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1732852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Oral administration of bovine antibodies active against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) have demonstrated safety and efficacy against diarrhea in human challenge trials. The efficacy of bovine serum immunoglobulins (BSIgG) against recombinant colonization factor CS6 or whole cell ETEC strain B7A was assessed against challenge with the CS6-expressing B7A. METHODS . This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which healthy adults received oral hyperimmune BSIgG anti-CS6, anti-B7A whole cell killed or non-hyperimmune BSIgG (placebo) in a 1:1:1 ratio then challenged with ETEC B7A. Two days pre-challenge, volunteers began a thrice daily, seven day course of immunoprophylaxis. On day 3, subjects received 1 × 1010 CFUs of B7A. Subjects were observed for safety and the primary endpoint of moderate-severe diarrhea (MSD). RESULTS . A total of 59 volunteers received product and underwent ETEC challenge. The BSIgG products were well-tolerated across all subjects. Upon challenge, 14/20 (70%) placebo recipients developed MSD, compared to 12/19 (63%; p = .74) receiving anti-CS6 BSIgG and 7/20 (35%; p = .06) receiving anti-B7A BSIgG. Immune responses to the ETEC infection were modest across all groups. CONCLUSIONS . Bovine-derived serum antibodies appear safe and well tolerated. Antibodies derived from cattle immunized with whole cell B7A provided 50% protection against MSD following B7A challenge; however, no protection was observed in subjects receiving serum antibodies targeting CS6. The lack of observed efficacy in this group may be due to low CS6 surface expression on B7A, the high dose challenge inoculum and/or the use of serum derived antibodies versus colostrum-derived antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- KR Talaat
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - CK Porter
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA,CONTACT CK Porter Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - AL Bourgeois
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - TK Lee
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - CA Duplessis
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M Maciel
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - RL Gutierrez
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - B DeNearing
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Adjoodani
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Adkinson
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - KJ Testa
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Feijoo
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - AN Alcala
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Brubaker
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Beselman
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Chakraborty
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Sack
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Halpern
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Trop
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - J Jiao
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - E Sullivan
- SAB Biotherapeutics Inc, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - MS Riddle
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - SS Joseph
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - ST Poole
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - MG Prouty
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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25
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Wee GN, Han I, Lee TK. Enhanced deflocculation of dehydrated sludge by rhamnolipid treatment coupled with thermal hydrolysis. Waste Manag 2020; 110:66-73. [PMID: 32460106 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a biosurfactant, rhamnolipid (RL), coupled with a thermal treatment was investigated to determine its impact on improving the deflocculation of dehydrated sludge from wastewater treatment processes. Results showed that the RL treatment positively impacted sludge conditioning to weak acidity and hydrolyzed the carbohydrates and proteins released from the matrix of the extracellular polymeric substance. When RL was coupled with high temperature thermal treatments (65 and 95 °C), soluble chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand solubilization increased by 9.6-19.7 times and 13.4-29.3%, respectively. The RL treatment reduced antibiotic resistant bacteria by 5.4-98.4%, and antibiotic activity was further accelerated by high temperature thermal treatment. The combination of biosurfactant and thermal treatment can effectively deflocculate dehydrated sludge and should be considered an alternative technology for the sludge management process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Nam Wee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Zhang T, Lee TK, Lui H, Dutz J, Dawes M, Lee A, Kalia S. Health insurance claim- and prescription record-based algorithms as a population-based method for eczema ascertainment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:e466-e468. [PMID: 32103573 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T K Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Departments of Cancer Control Research Program and Integrative Oncology - Imaging Unit, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Departments of Cancer Control Research Program and Integrative Oncology - Imaging Unit, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Dutz
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Dawes
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Lee
- Cross Roads Clinics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Departments of Cancer Control Research Program and Integrative Oncology - Imaging Unit, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Yoo K, Han I, Ko KS, Lee TK, Yoo H, Khan MI, Tiedje JM, Park J. Bacillus-Dominant Airborne Bacterial Communities Identified During Asian Dust Events. Microb Ecol 2019; 78:677-687. [PMID: 30904989 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Asian dust (AD) events have received significant attention due to their adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. However, detailed information about airborne pathogens associated with AD events is limited. This study monitored airborne bacterial communities and identified AD-specific bacteria and the potential hazards associated with these bacteria during AD events. Over a 33-month period, 40 air samples were collected under normal atmospheric conditions (non-AD events; n = 34) and during AD events (n = 6). The airborne bacterial communities in the air samples collected during non-AD events (non-AD sample) and AD events (AD sample) were evaluated using both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. The bacterial diversity increased significantly, along with the 16S rRNA gene copy number, in AD samples (p < 0.05) and was positively correlated with PM10 concentration. High throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes increased substantially in AD samples (44.3 ± 5.0%) compared with non-AD samples (27.8 ± 4.3%). Within the phylum Firmicutes, AD samples included a greater abundance of Bacillus species (almost 23.8%) than non-AD samples (almost 13.3%). Both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods detected common predominant species closely related to Bacillus cereus during AD events. Subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and enterotoxin gene assays confirmed the presence of virulence factors in B. cereus isolates from AD samples. Furthermore, the abundance of bceT, encoding enterotoxin in B. cereus, was significantly higher in AD samples (p < 0.05). The systematic characterization of airborne bacterial communities in AD samples in this study suggests that B. cereus pose risks to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunje Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kwan Soo Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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28
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Lee TK, Han I, Kim MS, Seong HJ, Kim JS, Sul WJ. Characterization of a nifH-Harboring Bacterial Community in the Soil-Limited Gotjawal Forest. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1858. [PMID: 31456776 PMCID: PMC6700220 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a high-throughput metagenomic approach, we evaluated nifH-harboring bacterial communities and their assembly in the Gotjawal forest, which was naturally formed on basalt rocks with thin layer of soil. Significant differences in soil properties and community structure were observed in comparison with similar communities in various habitats, including other lava-formed forests (on Jeju Island and in Hawaii) and in regions with high humidity (Florida) or low temperatures (Alaska). nifH-harboring bacterial communities were found to assemble along gradients of environmental factors, particularly cation-exchange capacity. Unlike in other regions, in the Gotjawal forest, Paenibacillus and Clostridium, which belong to the phylum Firmicutes, were present in significantly higher proportion than in other regions. Network analysis suggested that much fewer co-occurrence relationships occurred in the Gotjawal forest than in other lava-formed forests. Our results indicate that the unique nifH-harboring bacterial community and its assembly in the Gotjawal forest are due to its distinctive soil properties, which has implications for microbial interactions and functional potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hoon Je Seong
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jong-Shik Kim
- Marine Industry Research Institute for East Sea Rim, Uljin, South Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
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29
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Nishu SD, Kang Y, Han I, Jung TY, Lee TK. Nutritional status regulates algicidal activity of Aeromonas sp. L23 against cyanobacteria and green algae. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213370. [PMID: 30861041 PMCID: PMC6413897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Algicidal bacteria have received broad acceptance as an ecofriendly tool for controlling harmful algal blooms. However, their practical application is still limited to the lab-scale tests due to the complex alga–bacterium interactions in different nutrient statuses. In this study, the Aeromonas sp. L23 that exhibit relatively wide-spectrum in algicidal activity was isolated from a eutrophic agricultural lake. The physiological response of cyanobacteria and green to the algicidal activity under varied nutritional status were studied in an alga-bacterial co-culture. The algicidal activities of L23 against Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385, Microcystis aeruginosa NHSB, Anabaena variabilis AG10064, Scenedesmus quadricauda AG10003, and Chlorella vulgaris AG10034 were 88 ± 1.2%, 94 ± 2.6%, 93 ± 0.5%, 82 ± 1.1%, and 47 ± 0.9%, respectively. The L23 cells had low algicidal activity in cell pellet (3%–9%) compared with the cell-free supernatant (78%–93%), indicating that the activity is induced by extracellular substances. Adding glucose, NaNO3, NH4Cl, and KH2PO4 to the co-culture raised the algicidal activity of the L23 against green algae by 5%–50%. Conversely, a 10%–20% decrease in activity occurred against the target cyanobacteria except M. aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385. These results indicated that the interspecific algicidal activity changes according to the nutritional status, which means that the alga-bacterium interaction will be more complex in the field where the nutritional status changes from time to time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Das Nishu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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30
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Zhang T, Lee TK, Lui H, Kunimoto B, Han C, Zhou Y, Kalia S. Algorithms for ascertaining keratinocyte carcinomas using health insurance claims and prescription records. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e275-e276. [PMID: 30762901 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T K Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Cancer Control Research Program and Integrative Oncology - BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Cancer Control Research Program and Integrative Oncology - BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Kunimoto
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Han
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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31
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Han I, Wee GN, No JH, Lee TK. Pollution level and reusability of the waste soil generated from demolition of a rural railway. Environ Pollut 2018; 240:867-874. [PMID: 29787977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Railways are typically considered polluted from years of train operation. However, the pollution level of railway in a rural area, which is less exposed to hazardous material from trains and freights, is rarely assessed. This study evaluated common railway pollutants such as heavy metals, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their chemical properties in the waste soil generated from the renovation of an old railway in rural area of Wonju, South Korea. Furthermore, lab-scale cultivation tests of peas (Pisum sativum) were performed to assess reusability of the waste soil as a soil amendment. Carbonaceous materials were found in the upper layer of the railway (0 to -40 cm) and the concentration of common railway pollutants was comparable to those of the agricultural land nearby. Specifically, total aromatic and aliphatic TPHs were below detection limit; and total PAHs < 1.0 mg kg-1 was 1000-times less than railway functional parts. Applying the carbonaceous waste soil improved the water holding capacity of soil by approximately 10% and sprouts formed on the soil with 10% waste soil composition had greater fresh weight, stem length, and root length than the control. Although this investigation was confined to a small length of the railway route, the results confirm environmental safety and the potential value of the waste generated from rural railways for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States
| | - Gui Nam Wee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun No
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Chan LH, Zhou L, Ng KY, Wong TL, Lee TK, Ching YP, Yuan YF, Xie D, Richard S, Huen MS, Guan XY, Ma S. Abstract 4479: Protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT6 regulates cancer stemness through CRAF methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that plays pivotal roles in signal transduction and gene transcription during cell fate determination. We found protein methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) to be frequently down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its expression to negatively correlate with aggressive cancer features in HCC patients. Silencing of PRMT6 promoted the tumor-initiating, metastasis and therapy resistance potential of HCC cells. Consistently, loss of PRMT6 expression aggravated liver tumorigenesis in a DEN+CCL4 HCC induced PRMT6-/- mouse model. Integrated transcriptome and protein-protein interaction studies revealed an enrichment of genes implicated in RAS signaling and that PRMT6 interacted with CRAF, and likely other RAF family members, and their methylation at conserved arginine 100, negatively regulating its activity, and as a consequence resulting in enhanced MEK/ERK signaling. Our work uncovered a critical repressive function for PRMT6 in maintenance of HCC cells by regulating the MEK/ERK pathway via arginine methylation of RAF, providing a new avenue of molecular mechanism by which ERK mediated stemness in HCC cells are developed.
Citation Format: LH Chan, L Zhou, Kai Yu Ng, TL Wong, TK Lee, YP Ching, YF Yuan, D Xie, S Richard, MS Huen, XY Guan, S Ma. Protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT6 regulates cancer stemness through CRAF methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4479.
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Affiliation(s)
- LH Chan
- 1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L Zhou
- 1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kai Yu Ng
- 1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - TL Wong
- 1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - TK Lee
- 2The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - YP Ching
- 1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - YF Yuan
- 3Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - D Xie
- 3Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Richard
- 4McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - MS Huen
- 1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - XY Guan
- 1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S Ma
- 1The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Han I, Yoo K, Kang BR, No JH, Wee GN, Khan MI, Jeong TY, Lee TK. A comparison study of the potential risks induced in arable land and forest soils by carcass-derived pollutants. Environ Geochem Health 2018; 40:451-460. [PMID: 28299471 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Improper decisions concerning animal carcass disposal sites pose grave threats to environmental biosecurity. However, only a few studies have focused on the effects of different land-use types on the composition of carcass-derived pollutants and microbial responses to the disturbances. This study was conducted using soil microcosms with minced pork built from arable land and forest soils for 5 weeks. To compare the risk induced from different land-use types by carcass burial, the soil properties, the microbial community, and multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria were evaluated for microcosm containing 0, 1.5 and 7.5 g of minced pork. The abiotic properties, including pH, organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, significantly increased, regardless of the land-use types and applied load masses. The microbial diversity indices of the forest soil were reduced, whereas those of the arable land remained relatively stable. The disturbances produced from carcass-derived pollutants altered the bacterial community structures differently for the different land-use types. The treatment increased multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the both soil samples, although the increase in the forest soil was significantly less compared to the arable land soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Korea
| | - Keunje Yoo
- Division of Natural Resources and Conservation, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, 30147, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun No
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Korea
| | - Gui Nam Wee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Insitutute for Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tae Young Jeong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Korea.
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Schulz F, Yutin N, Ivanova NN, Ortega DR, Lee TK, Vierheilig J, Daims H, Horn M, Wagner M, Jensen GJ, Kyrpides NC, Koonin EV, Woyke T. Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components. Science 2017; 356:82-85. [PMID: 28386012 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of giant viruses blurred the sharp division between viruses and cellular life. Giant virus genomes encode proteins considered as signatures of cellular organisms, particularly translation system components, prompting hypotheses that these viruses derived from a fourth domain of cellular life. Here we report the discovery of a group of giant viruses (Klosneuviruses) in metagenomic data. Compared with other giant viruses, the Klosneuviruses encode an expanded translation machinery, including aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases with specificities for all 20 amino acids. Notwithstanding the prevalence of translation system components, comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of these genes indicates that Klosneuviruses did not evolve from a cellular ancestor but rather are derived from a much smaller virus through extensive gain of host genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Schulz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
| | - Natalya Yutin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Natalia N Ivanova
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
| | - Davi R Ortega
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, "Chemistry Meets Microbiology" Research Network, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Vierheilig
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, "Chemistry Meets Microbiology" Research Network, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Daims
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, "Chemistry Meets Microbiology" Research Network, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Horn
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, "Chemistry Meets Microbiology" Research Network, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, "Chemistry Meets Microbiology" Research Network, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Grant J Jensen
- Division of Biology and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nikos C Kyrpides
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Tanja Woyke
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.
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Kharazmi P, Kalia S, Lui H, Wang ZJ, Lee TK. A feature fusion system for basal cell carcinoma detection through data-driven feature learning and patient profile. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:256-264. [PMID: 29057507 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, which is highly damaging in its advanced stages. Computer-aided techniques provide a feasible option for early detection of BCC. However, automated BCC detection techniques immensely rely on handcrafting high-level precise features. Such features are not only computationally complex to design but can also represent a very limited aspect of the lesion characteristics. This paper proposes an automated BCC detection technique that directly learns the features from image data, eliminating the need for handcrafted feature design. METHODS The proposed method is composed of 2 parts. First, an unsupervised feature learning framework is proposed which attempts to learn hidden characteristics of the data including vascular patterns directly from the images. This is done through the design of a sparse autoencoder (SAE). After the unsupervised learning, we treat each of the learned kernel weights of the SAE as a filter. Convolving each filter with the lesion image yields a feature map. Feature maps are condensed to reduce the dimensionality and are further integrated with patient profile information. The overall features are then fed into a softmax classifier for BCC classification. RESULTS On a set of 1199 BCC images, the proposed framework achieved an area under the curve of 91.1%, while the visualization of learned features confirmed meaningful clinical interpretation of the features. CONCLUSION The proposed framework provides a non-invasive fast BCC detection tool that incorporates both dermoscopic lesional features and clinical patient information, without the need for complex handcrafted feature extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kharazmi
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Kalia
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Lui
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Z J Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T K Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Departments of Cancer Control Research and Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Oh HN, Lee TK, Park JW, No JH, Kim D, Sul WJ. Metagenomic SMRT Sequencing-Based Exploration of Novel Lignocellulose-Degrading Capability in Wood Detritus from Torreya nucifera in Bija Forest on Jeju Island. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1705.05008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Shestopal SA, Hao JJ, Karnaukhova E, Liang Y, Ovanesov MV, Lin M, Kurasawa JH, Lee TK, Mcvey JH, Sarafanov AG. Expression and characterization of a codon-optimized blood coagulation factor VIII. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:709-720. [PMID: 28109042 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) is known to be expressed at a low level in cell culture. To increase expression, we used codon-optimization of a B-domain deleted FVIII (BDD-FVIII). This resulted in 7-fold increase of the expression level in cell culture. The biochemical properties of codon-optimized BDD-FVIII were similar to the wild-type protein. SUMMARY Background Production of recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) is challenging because of its low expression. It was previously shown that codon-optimization of a B-domain-deleted FVIII (BDD-FVIII) cDNA resulted in increased protein expression. However, it is well recognized that synonymous mutations may affect the protein structure and function. Objectives To compare biochemical properties of a BDD-FVIII variants expressed from codon-optimized and wild-type cDNAs (CO and WT, respectively). Methods Each variant of the BDD-FVIII was expressed in several independent Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, generated using a lentiviral platform. The proteins were purified by two-step affinity chromatography and analyzed in parallel by PAGE-western blot, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, surface plasmon resonance, and chromogenic, clotting and thrombin generation assays. Results and conclusion The average yield of the CO was 7-fold higher than WT, whereas both proteins were identical in the amino acid sequences (99% coverage) and very similar in patterns of the molecular fragments (before and after thrombin cleavage), glycosylation and tyrosine sulfation, secondary structures and binding to von Willebrand factor and to a fragment of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1. The CO preparations had on average 1.5-fold higher FVIII specific activity (activity normalized to protein mass) than WT preparations, which was attributed to better preservation of the CO structure as a result of considerably higher protein concentrations during the production. We concluded that the codon-optimization of the BDD-FVIII resulted in significant increase of its expression and did not affect the structure-function properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Shestopal
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - J-J Hao
- Poochon Scientific, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - E Karnaukhova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Y Liang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M V Ovanesov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M Lin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - J H Kurasawa
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - T K Lee
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - J H Mcvey
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - A G Sarafanov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Zevin M, Coughlin S, Bahaadini S, Besler E, Rohani N, Allen S, Cabero M, Crowston K, Katsaggelos AK, Larson SL, Lee TK, Lintott C, Littenberg TB, Lundgren A, Østerlund C, Smith JR, Trouille L, Kalogera V. Gravity Spy: integrating advanced LIGO detector characterization, machine learning, and citizen science. Class Quantum Gravity 2017; 34:064003. [PMID: 29722360 PMCID: PMC5927381 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6382/aa5cea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the first direct detection of gravitational waves, the advanced laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO) has initiated a new field of astronomy by providing an alternative means of sensing the universe. The extreme sensitivity required to make such detections is achieved through exquisite isolation of all sensitive components of LIGO from non-gravitational-wave disturbances. Nonetheless, LIGO is still susceptible to a variety of instrumental and environmental sources of noise that contaminate the data. Of particular concern are noise features known as glitches, which are transient and non-Gaussian in their nature, and occur at a high enough rate so that accidental coincidence between the two LIGO detectors is non-negligible. Glitches come in a wide range of time-frequency-amplitude morphologies, with new morphologies appearing as the detector evolves. Since they can obscure or mimic true gravitational-wave signals, a robust characterization of glitches is paramount in the effort to achieve the gravitational-wave detection rates that are predicted by the design sensitivity of LIGO. This proves a daunting task for members of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration alone due to the sheer amount of data. In this paper we describe an innovative project that combines crowdsourcing with machine learning to aid in the challenging task of categorizing all of the glitches recorded by the LIGO detectors. Through the Zooniverse platform, we engage and recruit volunteers from the public to categorize images of time-frequency representations of glitches into pre-identified morphological classes and to discover new classes that appear as the detectors evolve. In addition, machine learning algorithms are used to categorize images after being trained on human-classified examples of the morphological classes. Leveraging the strengths of both classification methods, we create a combined method with the aim of improving the efficiency and accuracy of each individual classifier. The resulting classification and characterization should help LIGO scientists to identify causes of glitches and subsequently eliminate them from the data or the detector entirely, thereby improving the rate and accuracy of gravitational-wave observations. We demonstrate these methods using a small subset of data from LIGO's first observing run.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zevin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Deptartment of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - S Coughlin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Deptartment of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
| | - S Bahaadini
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, United States of America
| | - E Besler
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, United States of America
| | - N Rohani
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, United States of America
| | - S Allen
- Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605, United States of America
| | - M Cabero
- Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Callinstrasse 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Crowston
- School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States of America
| | - A K Katsaggelos
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, United States of America
| | - S L Larson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Deptartment of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
- Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605, United States of America
| | - T K Lee
- Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America
| | - C Lintott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T B Littenberg
- NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, United States of America
| | - A Lundgren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Callinstrasse 38, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Østerlund
- School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States of America
| | - J R Smith
- Department of Physics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States of America
| | - L Trouille
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Deptartment of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
- Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL 60605, United States of America
| | - V Kalogera
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Deptartment of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of America
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Parunov LA, Surov SS, Liang Y, Lee TK, Ovanesov MV. Can the diagnostic reliability of the thrombin generation test as a global haemostasis assay be improved? The impact of calcium chloride concentration. Haemophilia 2017; 23:466-475. [PMID: 28205396 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombin generation test (TGT) is a global haemostasis assay with a potential to predict bleeding tendencies and treatment effects in patients with haemophilia. Despite 15 years of clinical research, the diagnostic value of TGT remains controversial, possibly due to suboptimal sensitivity to coagulation deficiencies, robustness and reproducibility. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) concentration on the TGT's response to intrinsic coagulation factors (F) VIII, IX and XIa. METHODS Normal and factor-deficient plasmas supplemented with lacking coagulation factor and different CaCl2 levels were tested by calibrated thrombinography assay. RESULTS Thrombin peak height (TPH) was strongly CaCl2 dependent, increasing sharply from no TG at 5 mm to a peak at 13.8 mm of CaCl2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.0, 14.5) in normal and normalized deficient plasmas and at 11.9 mm (CI: 9.7, 14.2) in deficient plasmas, and then decreasing slowly to a complete inhibition at 30-40 mm. In contrast, TG lag time, time to peak and endogenous thrombin potential were nearly insensitive to CaCl2 concentrations between 10 and 20 mm. The maximal difference between the TPH in deficient and supplemented plasmas was observed at 15.5 mm (CI: 12.8, 18.1). CONCLUSION Variations in CaCl2 concentration in the assay mixture and sodium citrate concentrations in patient plasma samples may affect TGT responses, sensitivity and result in increased inter- and intra-laboratory variance. Implementation of TGT by clinical and quality control laboratories may require optimization of CaCl2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Parunov
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, CBER, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Surov
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, CBER, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Liang
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, CBER, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - T K Lee
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, CBER, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M V Ovanesov
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, CBER, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Lee J, Han I, Kang BR, Kim SH, Sul WJ, Lee TK. Degradation of crude oil in a contaminated tidal flat area and the resilience of bacterial community. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 114:296-301. [PMID: 27671845 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil spills, Hebei Spirit in South Korea, is considered as one of the worst environmental disasters of the region. Our understanding on activation of oil-degrading bacteria and resilience of microbial community in oil contaminated sites are limited due to scarcity of such event. In the present study, tidal flat sediment contaminated by the oil spill were investigated for duration of 13months to identify temporal change in microbial community and functional genes responsible for PAH-degradation. The results showed predominance of previously known oil-degrading genera, such as Cycloclasticus, Alcanivorax, and Thalassolituus, displaying significant increase within first four months of the accident. The disturbance caused by the oil spill altered the microbial community and its functional structures, but they were almost restored to the original state after 13months. Present study demonstrated high detoxification capacity of indigenous bacterial populations in the tidal flat sediments and its resilience of microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejin Lee
- Unit of Antarctic K-route Expedition, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of System Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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Yoo K, Lee TK, Choi EJ, Yang J, Shukla SK, Hwang SI, Park J. Molecular approaches for the detection and monitoring of microbial communities in bioaerosols: A review. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 51:234-247. [PMID: 28115135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols significantly affect atmospheric processes while they undergo long-range vertical and horizontal transport and influence atmospheric chemistry and physics and climate change. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to bioaerosols may cause adverse health effects, including severe disease. Studies of bioaerosols have primarily focused on their chemical composition and largely neglected their biological composition and the negative effects of biological composition on ecosystems and human health. Here, current molecular methods for the identification, quantification, and distribution of bioaerosol agents are reviewed. Modern developments in environmental microbiology technology would be favorable in elucidation of microbial temporal and spatial distribution in the atmosphere at high resolution. In addition, these provide additional supports for growing evidence that microbial diversity or composition in the bioaerosol is an indispensable environmental aspect linking with public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunje Yoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Division of Natural Resources Conservation, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong-si 30147, South Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, South Korea
| | - Eun Joo Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Yang
- Division of Natural Resources Conservation, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong-si 30147, South Korea
| | - Sudheer Kumar Shukla
- Department of Built and Natural Environment, Caledonian College of Engineering, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sang-Il Hwang
- Division of Natural Resources Conservation, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong-si 30147, South Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Hewagalamulage SD, Lee TK, Clarke IJ, Henry BA. Stress, cortisol, and obesity: a role for cortisol responsiveness in identifying individuals prone to obesity. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56 Suppl:S112-20. [PMID: 27345309 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong inter-relationship between activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and energy homeostasis. Patients with abdominal obesity have elevated cortisol levels. Furthermore, stress and glucocorticoids act to control both food intake and energy expenditure. In particular, glucocorticoids are known to increase the consumption of foods enriched in fat and sugar. It is well-known that, in all species, the cortisol response to stress or adrenocorticotropin is highly variable. It has now emerged that cortisol responsiveness is an important determinant in the metabolic sequelae to stress. Sheep that are characterized as high-cortisol responders (HRs) have greater propensity to weight gain and obesity than low-cortisol responders (LRs). This difference in susceptibility to become obese is associated with a distinct metabolic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral phenotype. In women and ewes, HR individuals eat more in response to stress than LR. Furthermore, HR sheep have impaired melanocortin signaling and reduced skeletal muscle thermogenesis. High-cortisol responder sheep exhibit reactive coping strategies, whereas LRs exhibit proactive coping strategies. This complex set of traits leads to increased food intake and reduced energy expenditure in HR and thus, predisposition to obesity. We predict that cortisol responsiveness may be used as a marker to identify individuals who are at risk of weight gain and subsequent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T K Lee
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - I J Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - B A Henry
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Lee TK, Ewald A. SU-F-J-119: Pilot Study On the Location-Based Lung Motion Assessment. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lee J, Lee J, Shukla SK, Park J, Lee TK. Effect of Algal Inoculation on COD and Nitrogen Removal, and Indigenous Bacterial Dynamics in Municipal Wastewater. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:900-8. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1512.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Lee J, Lee TK. Development and Characterization of PCE-to-Ethene Dechlorinating Microcosms with Contaminated River Sediment. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:120-9. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1510.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Choi KY, Lee TK, Sul WJ. Metagenomic Analysis of Chicken Gut Microbiota for Improving Metabolism and Health of Chickens - A Review. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1217-25. [PMID: 26323514 PMCID: PMC4554860 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chicken is a major food source for humans, hence it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in nutrient absorption in chicken. In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the microbiota plays a central role in enhancing nutrient absorption and strengthening the immune system, thereby affecting both growth and health of chicken. There is little information on the diversity and functions of chicken GIT microbiota, its impact on the host, and the interactions between the microbiota and host. Here, we review the recent metagenomic strategies to analyze the chicken GIT microbiota composition and its functions related to improving metabolism and health. We summarize methodology of metagenomics in order to obtain bacterial taxonomy and functional inferences of the GIT microbiota and suggest a set of indicator genes for monitoring and manipulating the microbiota to promote host health in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-710, Korea
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Sung KD, Lee TK, Jung JH. Intriguing photo-control of exchange bias in BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates. Nanoscale Res Lett 2015; 10:125. [PMID: 25852417 PMCID: PMC4385218 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To date, electric fields have been widely used to control the magnetic properties of BiFeO3-based antiferromagnet/ferromagnet heterostructures through application of an exchange bias. To extend the applicability of exchange bias, however, an alternative mechanism to electric fields is required. Here, we report the photo-control of exchange bias in BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 thin films on an SrTiO3 substrate. Through an ex situ pulsed laser deposition technique, we successfully synthesized epitaxial BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 thin films on SrTiO3 substrates. By measuring magnetoresistance under light illumination, we investigated the effect of light illumination on resistance, exchange bias, and coercive field in BiFeO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 thin films. After illumination of red and blue lights, the exchange bias was sharply reduced compared to that measured in the dark. With increasing light intensity, the exchange bias under red and blue lights initially decreased to zero and then appeared again. It is possible to reasonably explain these behaviors by considering photo-injection from SrTiO3 and the photo-conductivity of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3. This study may provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanism underlying photo-controlled exchange bias, which is significant for the development of new functional spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kil Dong Sung
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Jung
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751 Republic of Korea
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Helbling DE, Johnson DR, Lee TK, Scheidegger A, Fenner K. A framework for establishing predictive relationships between specific bacterial 16S rRNA sequence abundances and biotransformation rates. Water Res 2015; 70:471-484. [PMID: 25594727 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rates at which wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) microbial communities biotransform specific substrates can differ by orders of magnitude among WWTP communities. Differences in taxonomic compositions among WWTP communities may predict differences in the rates of some types of biotransformations. In this work, we present a novel framework for establishing predictive relationships between specific bacterial 16S rRNA sequence abundances and biotransformation rates. We selected ten WWTPs with substantial variation in their environmental and operational metrics and measured the in situ ammonia biotransformation rate constants in nine of them. We isolated total RNA from samples from each WWTP and analyzed 16S rRNA sequence reads. We then developed multivariate models between the measured abundances of specific bacterial 16S rRNA sequence reads and the ammonia biotransformation rate constants. We constructed model scenarios that systematically explored the effects of model regularization, model linearity and non-linearity, and aggregation of 16S rRNA sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) as a function of sequence dissimilarity threshold (SDT). A large percentage (greater than 80%) of model scenarios resulted in well-performing and significant models at intermediate SDTs of 0.13-0.14 and 0.26. The 16S rRNA sequences consistently selected into the well-performing and significant models at those SDTs were classified as Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira groups. We then extend the framework by applying it to the biotransformation rate constants of ten micropollutants measured in batch reactors seeded with the ten WWTP communities. We identified phylogenetic groups that were robustly selected into all well-performing and significant models constructed with biotransformation rates of isoproturon, propachlor, ranitidine, and venlafaxine. These phylogenetic groups can be used as predictive biomarkers of WWTP microbial community activity towards these specific micropollutants. This work is an important step towards developing tools to predict biotransformation rates in WWTPs based on taxonomic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - David R Johnson
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Scheidegger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Lee TK, Ewald A, Schultz T, Park SY. SU-E-J-253: Evaluation of 4DCT Images with Correlation of RPM Signals to Tumor Motion for Respiratory-Gated Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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