101
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Chen J, Iosifidis M, Zhu J, Tatarintsev I, Wang JHC. Vanadate ingestion enhances the organization and collagen fibril diameters of rat healing medical collateral ligaments. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2006; 14:750-5. [PMID: 16489476 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-006-0043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although an injured medial collateral ligament (MCL) will naturally heal, the quality of healing tissue is inferior to the uninjured MCL tissue. Previous studies have shown promising results of sodium orthovanadate (vanadate) in enhancing the quality of rat skin wounds. This study therefore investigated whether vanadate enhances the quality of the rat healing MCL in terms of the collagen fibril organization and diameter. Six mature male Sprague-Dawley rats, with weight ranges of 475-505 g and ages of 25 weeks, were used in this study. Three rats in the experimental group received vanadate (0.2 mg/ml) in their saline drinking water (150 mM NaCl), whereas three rats in the control group were only given saline water. Three weeks after transection, the rat MCLs were harvested for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that vanadate promoted organization of collagen fibrils and significantly increased the diameters of collagen fibrils by 14% in healing MCL (P<0.001). These results indicate that application of vanadate may be a promising tissue engineering approach to enhance the quality of healing tissues such as injured MCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Chen
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 210 Lothrop Street, Biomedical Science Tower, E1641, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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102
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Soussi A, Gaubin Y, Beau B, Murat JC, Soleilhavoup JP, Croute F, El Feki A. Stress proteins (Hsp72/73, Grp94) expression pattern in rat organs following metavanadate administration. Effect of green tea drinking. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1031-7. [PMID: 16497423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression pattern of heat shock proteins (Hsp) 72/73 and glucose regulated protein (Grp) 94 was studied in liver, kidney and testis of rats injected with sublethal doses of ammonium metavanadate (5 mg/kg/day). In addition, some batches of animals were given green tea decoction, known to be rich in anti-oxidative compounds, as sole beverage in order to evaluate its protective properties. In control animals, the stress proteins expression was found to be organ-dependent: anti-Grp94 antibody revealed two bands at 96 and 98 kDa in kidney and liver whereas the 98 kDa band only was found in testis; anti-Hsp72/73 antibody revealed that the constitutive Hsp73 was present in all organs whereas the inducible Hsp72 was only present in kidney and testis. In kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Hsp73 was over-expressed by about 50% whereas Hsp72 was down-regulated by 50-80%. No such effects were observed in liver and testis. In liver and kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Grp94 was over-expressed by 50% and 150% respectively whereas no change was found in testis. In rats given green tea as sole beverage, the 96 kDa protein expression level in liver was reduced both in controls and in vanadium-treated animals. However, green tea drinking failed to prevent the vanadium-induced Hsp72 under-expression in kidney of vanadium-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soussi
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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103
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Soares SS, Martins H, Aureliano M. Vanadium distribution following decavanadate administration. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2006; 50:60-4. [PMID: 16151690 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-004-0246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 03/27/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An acute exposure of two vanadate solutions-metavanadate and decavanadate-containing different vanadate oligomers, induces different patterns of subcellular vanadium distribution in blood plasma, red blood cells (RBC), and cardiac muscle subcellular fractions of the fish Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream). The highest amount of vanadium was found in blood plasma 1 h after (5 mM) intravenous vanadate administration (295 +/- 64 and 383 +/- 104 microg V/g dry tissue, for metavanadate and decavanadate solutions, respectively), being 80-fold higher than in RBC. After 12 h of administration, the amount of vanadium in plasma, as well as in cardiac cytosol, decreased about 50%, for both vanadate solutions. During the period between 1 and 12 h, the ratio of vanadium in plasma/vanadium in RBC increased from 27 to 128 for metavanadate, whereas it remains constant (77) for decavanadate. Both vanadium solutions were primarily accumulated in the mitochondrial fraction (138 +/- 0 and 195 +/- 34 ng V/g dry tissue for metavanadate and decavanadate solutions, respectively, after 12 h exposure), rather than in cytosol. The amount of vanadium in cardiac mitochondria was twofold higher than in cytosol, earlier for metavanadate (6 h) than for decavanadate (12 h). It is concluded that, in fish cardiac muscle, the vanadium distribution is dependent on the administration of decameric vanadate, with vanadium being mainly distributed in plasma, before being accumulated into the mitochondrial fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Soares
- Group of Comparative Cardiovascular Physiopathology, CCMar, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
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104
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Leopardi P, Villani P, Cordelli E, Siniscalchi E, Veschetti E, Crebelli R. Assessment of the in vivo genotoxicity of vanadate: Analysis of micronuclei and DNA damage induced in mice by oral exposure. Toxicol Lett 2005; 158:39-49. [PMID: 15993742 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds are able to interact with living cells exerting a variety of biological effects. The pentavalent form is the most stable and toxic form of the element. In systems in vitro pentavalent vanadium is an effective genotoxic agent, inducing DNA damage and chromosome malsegregation at low doses. On the other hand, no adequate in vivo data are available for the characterization of the genotoxic hazard following oral intake, the most relevant route of human exposure. In this study, the genotoxic effects produced by the oral intake of sodium ortho-vanadate (Na(3)VO(4)) were investigated. Male CD-1 mice were treated for 5 weeks with a range of concentrations of Na(3)VO(4) in drinking water (0.75-1500 mg/l). Both micronuclei and primary DNA lesions as detected by comet assay were assessed in several tissues. Statistically significant increases of micronuclei in bone marrow were observed in mice receiving the two highest concentrations of Na(3)VO(4) (750 and 1500 mg/l). A significant increase of comet tail length was observed in splenocytes of mice receiving Na(3)VO(4) at 1500 mg/l, whereas no effect was observed in bone marrow and testis cells. No treatment-related effect on sperm chromatin structure or on testis cell population was observed. The determination of vanadium content in mouse tissues at the end of treatment highlighted a very low internal exposure, especially in soft tissues. Overall, the results obtained indicate that the genotoxic activity of pentavalent vanadium is expressed in vivo only following high dose exposure, possibly as a consequence of the poor bioavailability of the element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Leopardi
- Genetic Toxicology Unit, Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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105
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Aureliano M, Gândara RMC. Decavanadate effects in biological systems. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:979-85. [PMID: 15833319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium biological studies often disregarded the formation of decameric vanadate species known to interact, in vitro, with high-affinity with many proteins such as myosin and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump and also to inhibit these biochemical systems involved in energy transduction. Moreover, very few in vivo animal studies involving vanadium consider the contribution of decavanadate to vanadium biological effects. Recently, it has been shown that an acute exposure to decavanadate but not to other vanadate oligomers induced oxidative stress and a different fate in vanadium intracellular accumulation. Several markers of oxidative stress analyzed on hepatic and cardiac tissue were monitored after in vivo effect of an acute exposure (12, 24 h and 7 days), to a sub-lethal concentration (5 mM; 1 mg/kg) of two vanadium solutions ("metavanadate" and "decavanadate"). It was observed that "decavanadate" promote different effects than other vanadate oligomers in catalase activity, glutathione content, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial superoxide anion production and vanadium accumulation, whereas both solutions seem to equally depress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as total intracellular reducing power. Vanadium is accumulated in mitochondria in particular when "decavanadate" is administered. These recent findings, that are now summarized, point out the decameric vanadate species contributions to in vivo and in vitro effects induced by vanadium in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Aureliano
- CBME, Dept. Química e Bioquímica, FCT, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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106
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Ruus A, Schaanning M, Oxnevad S, Hylland K. Experimental results on bioaccumulation of metals and organic contaminants from marine sediments. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2005; 72:273-292. [PMID: 15820107 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Revised: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A test-system for the assessment of bioavailability and bioaccumulation of metals and organic contaminants in marine benthic organisms is described and results from studies where this system has been applied are assessed. Sediments tested were polluted harbour sediment (from Norway), and clean sediments spikes with metal containing weight materials for drilling muds. Contaminants that may bioaccumulate under relevant conditions are indicated. The test-system uses two species of ecological relevance (Nereis diversicolor and Hinia reticulata). Interspecies differences in bioaccumulation were found for several compounds, which show the importance of using species with different modes of living in such tests. Compared to other PAHs, pyrene was found to bioaccumulate to a high degree (BioAccumulation Ratio, BAR=213.5>sediment concentration ratio, SCR=97.4; bioaccumulation factor, organism dw. conc. to sediment dw. conc., BAF=1.02), which shows that extrapolating bioaccumulation results between different substances is difficult. When assessing bioavailability of specific compounds, it is most adequate to perform direct measurements on exposed organisms, such as the experiments described here. The high bioaccumulation of compounds such as pyrene and nickel may in some cases be attributed to manipulation of the sediments and (for pyrene) lack of subsequent aging, thereby overestimating bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ruus
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Brekkeveien 19, PO Box 173, Kjelsås, N-0411 Oslo, Norway.
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107
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Yeung KWK, Poon RWY, Liu XY, Ho JPY, Chung CY, Chu PK, Lu WW, Chan D, Cheung KMC. Investigation of nickel suppression and cytocompatibility of surface-treated nickel-titanium shape memory alloys by using plasma immersion ion implantation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005. [PMID: 15662652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys are increasingly being used in orthopedic applications. However, there is a concern that Ni is harmful to the human body. We have recently investigated the use of nitrogen, or oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation to mitigate this deleterious effect. Our results reveal that the near-surface Ni concentration in all the treated samples is significantly suppressed. In addition, our in vitro tests show that the plasma-treated surfaces are cytologically compatible allowing the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts. Among the two types of samples, the best biological effects are found on the samples with nitrogen implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Division of Spine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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108
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Evans JL, Jallal B. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: their role in insulin action and potential as drug targets. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 8:139-60. [PMID: 15992069 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.8.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are the enzymes responsible for the selective dephosphorylation of tyrosine residues. PTPases function to regulate a wide array of biological responses mediated by growth factors and other stimuli by balancing the cellular level of phosphotyrosine in concert with their counterparts, protein tyrosine kinases. The important roles which PTPases play in regulating intracellular signalling and, ultimately, biological function along with the recent availability of information regarding their structural features has highlighted them as potential targets for pharmacological modulation. This is demonstrated by the increased level of activity directed towards the identification of novel small-molecule PTPase inhibitors. The rationale and potential utility of this drug discovery approach is discussed here, with particular emphasis on its application for the treatment of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Evans
- Diabetes Program, SUGEN, Inc., 230 East Grand Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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109
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Cui CT, Uriu-Adams JY, Tchaparian EH, Keen CL, Rucker RB. Metavanadate causes cellular accumulation of copper and decreased lysyl oxidase activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 199:35-43. [PMID: 15289088 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 03/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Selected indices of copper metabolism in weanling rats and fibroblast cultures were progressively altered in response to increased levels of sodium metavanadate. In diets, vanadium was added in amounts ranging from 0 to 80 microg V/g of diet, that is, 0-1.6 micromol V/g of diet. In fibroblast cultures, vanadium ranged from 0 to 400 nmol V/ml. The inhibition of P-ATPase-7A activity by metavanadate, important to copper egress from cells, was a primary focus. In skin, and tendon, the copper concentration was increased in response to increased dietary levels of metavanadate, whereas lysyl oxidase activity, a secreted cuproprotein, was reduced. The reduction in lysyl oxidase activity was also accompanied by reduced redox cycling potential of isolated fractions of lysyl oxidase, presumably due to reduced lysyltyrosyl quinone (LTQ) formation at the active site of lysyl oxidase. In contrast, liver copper concentrations and plasma ceruloplasmin activity were not affected by metavanadate exposure. However, semicarbazide-sensitive benzylamine oxidase (SCBO) activity, which was taken as an indirect measure of vascular adhesive protein-1 (VAP-1), was increased. In cultured fibroblasts, cellular copper was also increased and lysyl oxidase decreased in response to metavanadate. Moreover, the steady-state levels of atp7a and lysyl oxidase mRNAs were not affected by addition of metavanadate to culture medium up to 200 nmol/ml. Taken together, these data suggest that pathways involving copper egress and lysyl oxidase activation are particularly sensitive to metavanadate exposure through processes that are predominately posttranslational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtai T Cui
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M561X5
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110
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García GB, Quiroga AD, Stürtz N, Martinez AI, Biancardi ME. Morphological Alterations of Central Nervous System (CNS) Myelin in Vanadium (V)‐Exposed Adult Rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2004; 27:281-93. [PMID: 15478949 DOI: 10.1081/dct-120037747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the present work we show morphological data of the in vivo susceptibility of CNS myelin to sodium metavanadate [V(+5)] in adult rats. The possible role of vanadium in behavioral alterations and in brain lipid peroxidation was also investigated. Animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 3 mg/kg body weight (bw) of sodium metavanadate [1.25 V/kg bw/day] for 5 consecutive days. Open field and rotarod tests were performed the day after the last dose had been administered and then animals were sacrificed by different methods for histological and lipid peroxidation studies. The present results show that intraperitoneal administration of V(+5) to adult rats resulted in changes in locomotor activity, specific myelin stainings and lipid peroxidation in some brain areas. They support the notion that CNS myelin could be a preferential target of V(+5)-mediated lipid peroxidation in adult rats. The mechanisms underlying this action could affect the myelin sheath leading to behavioral perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela B García
- Morphology Department, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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111
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Soussi A, Croute F, Soleilhavoup JP, Guermazi F, Jammoussi K, Makni Ayadi F, El Feki A. Impact du thé vert “Camellia sinensis” sur les effets du vanadium sur la croissance et l’appareil génital du ratWistar mâle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03035206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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112
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Mailhes JB, Hilliard C, Fuseler JW, London SN. Vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases, induced premature anaphase in oocytes and aneuploidy and polyploidy in mouse bone marrow cells. Mutat Res 2003; 538:101-7. [PMID: 12834759 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(03)00108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases are needed for activating maturation promoting factor, meiotic spindle assembly and spindle checkpoint inactivation. The protein phosphatase inhibitor vanadate was used to upset the kinase-phosphatase equilibrium during oocyte maturation (OM) and the metaphase anaphase transition (MAT) prior to cytogenetic analyses of mouse oocytes and bone marrow cells. ICR females received pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and 48h later received human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Vanadate doses of 0, 5, 15, and 25mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally immediately after hCG and ovulated oocytes and bone marrow cells were processed for cytogenetic analyses 18h after hCG. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Vanadate induced different cytogenetic abnormalities in oocytes and in bone marrow cells. The frequencies of oocytes exhibiting premature anaphase (spontaneous activation) in vanadate exposed mice were significantly (P<0.01) elevated over controls; whereas, in bone marrow cells, the levels of tetraploidy, hyperploidy and premature centromere separation were significantly (P<0.01) increased by vanadate treatment. These results suggest that alteration of the kinase-phosphatase equilibrium during OM and the MAT leads to cytogenetic abnormalities that differ between oocytes and bone marrow cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Mailhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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113
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Barrio DA, Williams PAM, Cortizo AM, Etcheverry SB. Synthesis of a new vanadyl(IV) complex with trehalose (TreVO): insulin-mimetic activities in osteoblast-like cells in culture. J Biol Inorg Chem 2003; 8:459-68. [PMID: 12761667 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-002-0438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2002] [Accepted: 12/10/2002] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds show interesting biological and pharmacological properties. Some of them display insulin-mimetic effects and others produce anti-tumor actions. The bioactivity of vanadium is present in inorganic species like the vanadyl(IV) cation or vanadate(V) anion. Nevertheless, the development of new vanadium derivatives with organic ligands which improve the beneficial actions and decrease the toxic effects is of great interest. On the other hand, the mechanisms involved in vanadium bioactivity are still poorly understood. A new vanadium complex of the vanadyl(IV) cation with the disaccharide trehalose (TreVO), Na(6)[VO(Tre)(2)].4H(2)O, here reported, shows interesting insulin-mimetic properties in two osteoblast cell lines, a normal one (MC3T3E1) and a tumoral one (UMR106). The complex affected the proliferation of both cell lines in a different manner. On tumoral cells, TreVO caused a weak stimulation of growth at 5 microM but it inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-response manner between 50 and 100 microM. TreVO significantly inhibited UMR106 differentiation (15-25% of basal) in the range 5-100 microM. On normal osteoblasts, TreVO behaved as a mitogen at 5-25 microM. Different inhibitors of the MAPK pathway blocked this effect. At higher concentrations (75-100 microM), the complex was a weak inhibitor of the MC3T3E1 proliferation. Besides, TreVO enhanced glucose consumption by a mechanism independent of the PI3-kinase activation. In both cell lines, TreVO stimulated the ERK phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Different inhibitors (PD98059, wortmannin, vitamins C and E) partially decreased this effect, which was totally inhibited by their combination. These results suggest that TreVO could be a potential candidate for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Barrio
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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114
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Luo J, Sun Y, Lin H, Qian Y, Li Z, Leonard SS, Huang C, Shi X. Activation of JNK by vanadate induces a Fas-associated death domain (FADD)-dependent death of cerebellar granule progenitors in vitro. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:4542-51. [PMID: 12454017 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208295200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that plays a critical role in neuronal development as well as the homeostasis of the adult nervous system. Vanadate, an environmental toxicant, causes developmental defects in the central nervous system. Here, we demonstrated that vanadate induced apoptosis in cultured cerebellar granule progenitors (CGPs). Treatment of cultured CGPs with vanadate activated ERKs and JNKs but not p38 MAPK and also induced c-Jun phosphorylation. In addition, vanadate induced FasL production, Fas (CD95) aggregation, and its association with the Fas-associated death domain (FADD), as well as the activation of caspase-8. Furthermore, vanadate generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CGPs; however, ROS was not involved in vanadate-mediated MAPK activation. Vanadate-induced FasL expression was ROS-dependent but JNK-independent. In contrast, vanadate-elicited Fas aggregation and Fas-FADD association, as well as caspase-8 activation, were dependent on JNK activation but were minimally regulated by ROS generation. The hydrogen peroxide scavenger, catalase, blocked vanadate-induced FasL expression and partially mitigated vanadate-induced cell death. On the other hand, dominant negative FADD and caspase-8 inhibitor completely eliminated vanadate-induced apoptosis. Thus, JNK signaling plays a major role in vanadate-mediated activation of the Fas-FADD-caspase-8 pathway that accounts for vanadate-induced apoptosis of CGPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.
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115
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Morgan AM, El-Tawil OS. Effects of ammonium metavanadate on fertility and reproductive performance of adult male and female rats. Pharmacol Res 2003; 47:75-85. [PMID: 12526865 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-6618(02)00241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium is a ubiquitous trace metal present in most plant and animal tissues. Environmental exposure to trivalent and pentavalent inorganic vanadium compounds has been related to impaired different phases of reproduction. Therefore, the effects of a pentavalent inorganic vanadium compound on general reproductive performance and fertility were investigated in male and female rats. Sexually mature male and female rats were exposed to 200 ppm ammonium metavanadate in drinking water. Male rats were exposed for 70 days, while the female rats exposed for 14 days premating, during mating, and throughout the whole length of gestation and lactation periods till weaning. The effects on male sex organ weights and fertility were evaluated at the end of exposure period. However, the effects on female fertility as well as developmental and postnatal effects were evaluated throughout the exposure period. The fertility was significantly reduced in both treated groups, with more pronounced suppressive effects in the male treated group. The number of implantation sites and the number of viable fetuses were significantly reduced in pregnant females of both treated groups. However, the number of resorptions, dead fetuses, and pre- and postimplantation losses were significantly increased. The incidence of resorptions was significantly increased in treated female group compared with untreated female group. The behavioral responses as well as fetal survival and viability indices were decreased in both treated groups during the lactation period. The incidence of these effects was more pronounced in the treated female group. The morphological, visceral, and skeletal anomalies were recorded significantly increased in fetuses of both treated groups, with more pronounced effects on fetuses of treated females. In conclusion, the exposure of adult male and female rats to ammonium metavanadate would cause adverse effects on fertility and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Morgan
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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116
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Fortoul TI, Quan-Torres A, Sánchez I, López IE, Bizarro P, Mendoza ML, Osorio LS, Espejel-Maya G, Avila-Casado MDC, Avila-Costa MR, Colin-Barenque L, Villanueva DN, Olaiz-Fernandez G. Vanadium in ambient air: concentrations in lung tissue from autopsies of Mexico City residents in the 1960s and 1990s. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2002; 57:446-9. [PMID: 12641188 DOI: 10.1080/00039890209601436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium concentrations in lung tissue were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry from autopsy specimens taken from residents of Mexico City during the 1960s and 1990s (20 males and 19 females, and 30 males and 18 females, respectively). Samples from the 1990s had significantly increased mean vanadium concentrations (mean +/- standard deviation: 1.36 +/- 0.08), compared with those from the 1960s (1.04 +/- 0.05). Concentrations were not correlated with gender, smoking habit, age, cause of death, or occupation. These findings suggest that vanadium in ambient air is increasing and it represents a potential health hazard for Mexico City residents. Air pollution monitoring efforts should include vanadium concentrations in suspended particles to follow-up the findings reported herein. Researchers need to acquire a better knowledge of the levels of airborne vanadium exposure at which risk to human health occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Imelda Fortoul
- Departmento Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
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117
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Abstract
Vanadium compounds exert preventive effects against chemical carcinogenesis on animals, by modifying, mainly, various xenobiotic enzymes, inhibiting, thus, carcinogen-derived active metabolites. Studies on various cell lines reveal that vanadium exerts its antitumor effects through inhibition of cellular tyrosine phosphatases and/or activation of tyrosine phosphorylases. Both effects activate signal transduction pathways leading either to apoptosis and/or to activation of tumor suppressor genes. Furthermore, vanadium compounds may induce cell-cycle arrest and/or cytotoxic effects through DNA cleavage and fragmentation and plasma membrane lipoperoxidation. Reactive oxygen species generated by Fenton-like reactions and/or during the intracellular reduction of V(V) to V(IV) by, mainly, NADPH, participate to the majority of the vanadium-induced intracellular events. Vanadium may also exert inhibitory effects on cancer cell metastatic potential through modulation of cellular adhesive molecules, and reverse antineoplastic drug resistance. It also possesses low toxicity that, in combination with the synthesis of new, more potent and better tolerated complexes, may establish vanadium as an effective non-platinum, metal antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos M Evangelou
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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118
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Abstract
Although the biokinetics, metabolism, and chemical toxicity of uranium are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential toxic effects of uranium on reproduction and development in mammals. In recent years, it has been shown that uranium is a developmental toxicant when given orally or subcutaneously (SC) to mice. Decreased fertility, embryo/fetal toxicity including teratogenicity, and reduced growth of the offspring have been observed following uranium exposure at different gestation periods. The reproductive toxicity, maternal toxicity, embryo/fetal toxicity, and postnatal effects of uranium, as well as the prevention by chelating agents of uranium-induced maternal and developmental toxicity are reviewed here. Data on the toxic effects of depleted uranium on reproduction and development are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus 43201, Spain.
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119
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Cortizo AM, Caporossi M, Lettieri G, Etcheverry SB. Vanadate-induced nitric oxide production: role in osteoblast growth and differentiation. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 400:279-85. [PMID: 10988345 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to act as a mediator of cytokines in bone tissue. We have previously demonstrated that vanadium compounds are insulin- and growth factor-mimetic compounds in osteoblasts in culture, although high doses are toxic to these cells. In this study, we measured NO production in two osteoblast-like cells (UMR106 and MC3T3E1) incubated with different concentrations (2.5-100 microM) of vanadate. Vanadate induced NO release in a biphasic manner, with levels being significantly increased at concentrations over 50 microM. The NO donor, sodium nitroprusside, mimicked the vanadate effect: it inhibited cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Vanadate enhanced the NO synthases, the endothelial and inducible (eNOS and iNOS) isoforms, in a dose-dependent manner. Experiments performed with the ionophore A23187 and EGTA suggested that vanadate-induced NO production involves Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Altogether, our results suggest that NO may play a critical role in the bioactivity of vanadium in osteoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cortizo
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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120
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Cortizo AM, Bruzzone L, Molinuevo S, Etcheverry SB. A possible role of oxidative stress in the vanadium-induced cytotoxicity in the MC3T3E1 osteoblast and UMR106 osteosarcoma cell lines. Toxicology 2000; 147:89-99. [PMID: 10874156 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity and free radical production induced by vanadium compounds were investigated in an osteoblast (MC3T3E1) and an osteosarcoma (UMR106) cell lines in culture. Vanadate induced cell toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-10 mM) after 4 h. The concentration-response curve of vanadate-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in MC3T3E1 cells was shifted to the left of the UMR106 curve, suggesting a greater sensitivity of the non-transformed cells in comparison to the osteosarcoma UMR106 cells. Supplementing with vitamin E acetate (80 microM) significantly inhibited ROS and TBARS formation but did not improve the vanadate-dependent decrease in cell number. Other vanadium compounds (vanadyl, pervanadate, and VO/Aspi, a complex of vanadyl(IV) with aspirin) showed different degrees of cell toxicity and induced oxidative stress. Altogether these results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in vanadium induced osteoblastic cytotoxicity, although the mechanism is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cortizo
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.
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121
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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122
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Sanchez DJ, Colomina MT, Domingo JL, Corbella J. Prevention by sodium 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonate (Tiron) of vanadium-induced behavioral toxicity in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 1999; 69:249-59. [PMID: 10468162 DOI: 10.1007/bf02783877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that oral vanadate (V5+) administration results in behavioral toxicity in rats. The chelating agent Tiron (sodium 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonate) is an effective antidote in the removal of vanadium from vanadium-loaded rats. In this study, the protective activity of Tiron on vanadate-induced behavioral toxicity was evaluated in adult rats. Intraperitoneal treatment with Tiron at 235 or 470 mg/kg was initiated after 6 wk of oral sodium metavanadate administration (16 mg/kg/d) and continued for 2 wk. Although vanadate exposure did not result in a significant reduction in the general activity of the animals in an open field, a lower active avoidance acquisition could be observed. However, the vanadate-induced behavioral deficit was reverted by Tiron administration at 470 mg/kg. The present results suggest that Tiron may protect, at least in part, against metavanadate-induced behavioral toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Sanchez
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, San Lorenzo, Spain
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123
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Altamirano-Lozano M, Valverde M, Alvarez-Barrera L, Molina B, Rojas E. Genotoxic studies of vanadium pentoxide (V(2)O(5)) in male mice. II. Effects in several mouse tissues. TERATOGENESIS, CARCINOGENESIS, AND MUTAGENESIS 1999; 19:243-55. [PMID: 10406888 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6866(1999)19:4<243::aid-tcm1>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) was tested for its ability to induce genotoxic damage in six different organs (liver, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, and bone marrow) of mice by using the alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after i.p. administration of the vanadium pentoxide of 23.0, 11.5, or 5.75 microg/g (corresponding to the LD50, 1/2 LD50 and 1/4 LD50, respectively). In all tissues and organs evaluated (except for bone marrow), V2O5 increased the number of cells with damage. Our results showed that i.p. injection of V2O5 induced DNA damage in different organs and tissues, and that this kind of damage can be observed even 24 h after treatment. The analysis of DNA migration and the distribution of DNA damage showed that there are differences in sensitivity between organs and tissues to this compound. In addition the sensitivity of SCGE assay allows the detection of long term DNA damage and the possibility to compare it in various tissues and target organs.
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124
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de la Torre A, Granero S, Mayayo E, Corbella J, Domingo JL. Effect of age on vanadium nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Lett 1999; 105:75-82. [PMID: 10092059 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess potential age dependent differences of vanadium nephrotoxicity in the rat following parenteral administration of vanadate. Young (22 days) and adult (62 days) male Sprague-Dawley rats received i.p. injections of sodium orthovanadate at 10 mg/kg/day for 8 consecutive days. Two additional groups of control rats received i.p. injections of 0.9% saline during the same period. Significant age-differences were found in most of the parameters used as indicators of nephrotoxicity in young and adult rats, with adverse renal effects being more severe with age. Vanadium-induced morphologic changes in the kidney were also more pronounced with age. These findings agree with a higher renal concentration of vanadium in the group of adult rats treated with vanadate than in the vanadate-untreated group. The current results can be of concern if in the future, vanadium compounds can be administered in the treatment of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de la Torre
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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Nilsson JR. Vanadate affects nuclear division and induces aberrantly-shaped cells during subsequent cytokinesis in Tetrahymena. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1999; 46:24-33. [PMID: 10188258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sodium orthovanadate at 0.1-5.0 mM affected cell proliferation of Tetrahymena in a dose-dependent manner. At 1 h the cell increment was 76-12% of the control (100%), but after lag periods in 1-5 mM the growth rate remained at 76% of control in 0.1 mM vanadate and at 64-61% of control in 0.2-5.0 mM vanadate. Endocytosis was affected in both a time- and dose-dependent manner; an increasing number of cells did not form vacuoles. Cell motility increased initially in 0.1 mM vanadate but decreased later as it did in 0.5-2.0 mM vanadate where the proportion of immobile cells increased with time. Cell divisions occurred at all concentrations but macronuclear elongation was disturbed and subsequent cytokinesis resulted in daughter cells containing the entire G2 macronucleus, a large or small portion of it, or no nucleus at all. Moreover, odd cell shapes appeared with time. The size of the cell and nucleus increased but there was great variation with disturbed cytoplasm/nucleus ratios. Treated cells had dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum that included dense material, presumed to be vanadate, which was not seen in control cells. Scant amounts of dense material were found in dense granules, small vacuoles, and abundantly in contractile vacuoles. It is argued that interference with proper microtubular function is the main effect of vanadate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Nilsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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126
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Abstract
The effects of vanadate administration on activity and learning were assessed in rats. Four groups of adult male rats were given by gavage 0, 4.1, 8.2, and 16.4 mg/kg/day of sodium metavanadate for eight consecutive weeks. Three weeks after the cessation of the treatment, general motor activity of all animals was measured in an open-field. Rats were also tested for two-way shock avoidance learning in an automatic reflex conditioner. At the end of the testing period, rats were killed and vanadium concentration was determined in a number of tissues. Vanadium exposure caused an observable but not significant effect on body weight gain, while a persistent presence of vanadium was observed in all tissues measured. The results of the behavioral testing show that oral vanadate administration resulted in significant reductions in both general activity and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Sanchez
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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