101
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Li J, Wu J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Fang L, Shen Q. Oral bioavailability and evaluation of docetaxel–nicotinamide complex loaded chitosan nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27590c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DTX–NA/NPs, synergism of DTX–NA complex and positively charged chitosan nanoparticles, can considerably enhance oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Yiyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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102
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Dening TJ, Rao S, Thomas N, Prestidge CA. Oral nanomedicine approaches for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses. J Control Release 2015; 223:137-156. [PMID: 26739547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric illnesses are a leading cause of disability and morbidity globally. However, the preferred orally dosed pharmacological treatment options available for depression, anxiety and schizophrenia are often limited by factors such as low drug aqueous solubility, food effects, high hepatic first-pass metabolism effects and short half-lives. Furthermore, the discovery and development of more effective psychotropic agents has stalled in recent times, with the majority of new drugs reaching the market offering similar efficacy, but suffering from the same oral delivery concerns. As such, the application of nanomedicine formulation approaches to currently available drugs is a viable option for optimizing oral drug delivery and maximizing treatment efficacy. This review focuses on the various delivery challenges encountered by psychotropic drugs, and the ability of nanomedicine formulation strategies to overcome these. Specifically, we critically review proof of concept in vitro and in vivo studies of nanoemulsions/microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers and nanosuspensions, and provide new insight into the various mechanisms for improved drug performance. The advantages and limitations of current oral nanomedicine approaches for psychotropic drugs are discussed, which will provide guidance for future research directions and assist in fostering the translation of such delivery systems to the clinical setting. Accordingly, emphasis has been placed on correlating the in vitro/in vivo performance of these nanomedicine approaches with their potential clinical outcomes and benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee J Dening
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Shasha Rao
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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103
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Wyttenbach N, Kirchmeyer W, Alsenz J, Kuentz M. Theoretical Considerations of the Prigogine–Defay Ratio with Regard to the Glass-Forming Ability of Drugs from Undercooled Melts. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:241-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wyttenbach
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pre-Clinical CMC, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann−La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Kirchmeyer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse
50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jochem Alsenz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pre-Clinical CMC, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann−La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
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104
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Karthikeyan A, Swinton Darious R, Thomas Muthiah P, Perdih F. Supramolecular hydrogen-bonding patterns in two cocrystals of the N(7)–H tautomeric form ofN6-benzoyladenine:N6-benzoyladenine–3-hydroxypyridinium-2-carboxylate (1/1) andN6-benzoyladenine–DL-tartaric acid (1/1). ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2015; 71:985-90. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615018094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two novel cocrystals of the N(7)—H tautomeric form ofN6-benzoyladenine (BA), namelyN6-benzoyladenine–3-hydroxypyridinium-2-carboxylate (3HPA) (1/1), C12H9N5O·C6H5NO3, (I), andN6-benzoyladenine–DL-tartaric acid (TA) (1/1), C12H9N5O·C4H6O6, (II), are reported. In both cocrystals, theN6-benzoyladenine molecule exists as the N(7)—H tautomer, and this tautomeric form is stabilized by intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonding between the benzoyl C=O group and the N(7)—H hydrogen on the Hoogsteen site of the purine ring, forming anS(7) motif. The dihedral angle between the adenine and phenyl planes is 0.94 (8)° in (I) and 9.77 (8)° in (II). In (I), the Watson–Crick face of BA (N6—H and N1; purine numbering) interacts with the carboxylate and phenol groups of 3HPA through N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds, generating a ring-motif heterosynthon [graph setR22(6)]. However, in (II), the Hoogsteen face of BA (benzoyl O atom and N7; purine numbering) interacts with TA (hydroxy and carbonyl O atoms) through N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating a different heterosynthon [graph setR22(4)]. Both crystal structures are further stabilized by π–π stacking interactions.
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105
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Liu S, Watts AB, Du J, Bui A, Hengsawas S, Peters JI, Williams RO. Formulation of a novel fixed dose combination of salmeterol xinafoate and mometasone furoate for inhaled drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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106
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Simultaneous improvement of solubility and permeability by fabricating binary glassy materials of Talinolol with Naringin: Solid state characterization, in-vivo in-situ evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:234-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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107
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Cui B, Feng L, Pan Z, Yu M, Zeng Z, Sun C, Zhao X, Wang Y, Cui H. Evaluation of Stability and Biological Activity of Solid Nanodispersion of Lambda-Cyhalothrin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135953. [PMID: 26281043 PMCID: PMC4539193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are essential agrochemicals used to protect plants from diseases, pests and weeds. However, the formulation defects of conventional pesticides cause food toxicity and ecological environmental problems. In this study, a novel, efficient and environmentally friendly formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin, a solid nanodispersion, was successfully developed based on melt-emulsification and high-speed shearing methods. The solid nanodispersion presented excellent advantages over conventional pesticide formulations in such formulation functions as dispersibility, stability and bioavailability. The formulation is free of organic solvents, and the use of surfactant is reduced. Therefore, the application of the solid nanodispersion in crop production will improve efficacy and reduce the occurrence of both pesticide residues in food and environmental pollution from pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhong Pan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manli Yu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanghua Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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108
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Mendes C, Wiemes BP, Buttchevitz A, Christ AP, Ribas KG, Adams AIH, Silva MAS, Oliveira PR. Investigation of β-cyclodextrin-norfloxacin inclusion complexes. Part 1. Preparation, physicochemical and microbiological characterization. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:119-29. [PMID: 25488142 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.982091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drugs classified as class IV by the Biopharmaceutical Classification System present significant problems in relation to effective oral administration. In the case of antibiotics, the subsequently high doses required can enhance the emergence of microorganism resistance and lead to a low rate of patient treatment adherence. OBJECTIVE In an attempt to improve physicochemical properties and microbiological activity of norfloxacin, the aim of this study was to investigate different methods (coevaporation, kneading followed by freeze-drying or spray-drying) to obtain complexes of norfloxacin and different cyclodextrins. METHODS Guest-host interactions were investigated through a complete physical-chemical characterization and the dissolution profile and microbiological activity were determined. RESULTS The formation of a complex of norfloxacin and β-cyclodextrin (1:1), obtained by kneading followed by freeze drying, led to increased drug solubility, which could maximize the oral drug absorption. CONCLUSION Moreover, the microbiological activity was enhanced by around 23.3%, demonstrating that the complex formed could represent an efficient drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiana Mendes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Quality Control Laboratory, J/K 207, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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109
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Surwase SA, Itkonen L, Aaltonen J, Saville D, Rades T, Peltonen L, Strachan CJ. Polymer incorporation method affects the physical stability of amorphous indomethacin in aqueous suspension. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 96:32-43. [PMID: 26092472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the potential of different polymers and polymer incorporation methods to inhibit crystallisation and maintain supersaturation of amorphous indomethacin (IND) in aqueous suspensions during storage. Three different polymers (poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Soluplus® (SP)) were used and included in the suspensions either as a solid dispersion (SD) with IND or dissolved in the suspension medium prior to the addition of amorphous IND. The total concentrations of both IND and the polymer in the suspensions were kept the same for both methods of polymer incorporation. All the polymers (with both incorporation methods) inhibited crystallisation of the amorphous IND. The SDs were better than the predissolved polymer solutions at inhibiting crystallisation. The SDs were also better at maintaining drug supersaturation. SP showed a higher IND crystallisation inhibition and supersaturation potential than the other polymers. However, this depended on the method of addition. IND in SD with SP did not crystallise, nor did the SD generate any drug supersaturation, whereas IND in the corresponding predissolved SP solution crystallised (into the recently characterised η polymorphic form of the drug) but also led to a more than 20-fold higher IND solution concentration than that observed for crystalline IND. The ranking of the polymers with respect to crystallisation inhibition potential in SDs was SP≫PVP>HPMC. Overall, this study showed that both polymer type and polymer incorporation method strongly impact amorphous form stability and drug supersaturation in aqueous suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Surwase
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Itkonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Aaltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - D Saville
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Peltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - C J Strachan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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110
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Keramatnia F, Shayanfar A, Jouyban A. Thermodynamic Solubility Profile of Carbamazepine-Cinnamic Acid Cocrystal at Different pH. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2559-65. [PMID: 26096952 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystal formation is a direct way to dramatically influence physicochemical properties of drug substances, especially their solubility and dissolution rate. Because of their instability in the solution, thermodynamic solubility of cocrystals could not be determined in the common way like other compounds; therefore, the thermodynamic solubility is calculated through concentration of their components in the eutectic point. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of an ionizable coformer in cocrystal with a nonionizable drug at different pH. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a nonionizable drug with cinnamic acid (CIN), which is an acidic coformer, was selected to prepare CBZ-CIN cocrystal and its thermodynamic solubility was studied in pH range 2-7. Instead of HPLC that is a costly and time-consuming method, a chemometric-based approach, net analyte signal standard addition method, was selected for simultaneous determination of CBZ and CIN in solution. The result showed that, as pH increases, CIN ionization leads to change in CBZ-CIN cocrystal solubility and stability in solution. In addition, the results of this study indicated that there is no significant difference between intrinsic solubility of CBZ and cocrystal despite the higher ideal solubility of cocrystal. This verifies that ideal solubility is not good parameter to predict cocrystal solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Keramatnia
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shayanfar
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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111
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Meng F, Gala U, Chauhan H. Classification of solid dispersions: correlation to (i) stability and solubility (ii) preparation and characterization techniques. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41:1401-15. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1018274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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112
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Theory and practice of supersaturatable formulations for poorly soluble drugs. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:339-52. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidate compounds with high activity do not always possess adequate physicochemical properties to be developed as commercial products. Notably, the development of candidates with poor aqueous solubility has been a great challenge in the past two decades. Formulations that offer supersaturated state during the dissolution process are considered effective for increasing the oral bioavailability of such candidates. Representative supersaturatable dosage forms include amorphous solid dispersions, nanocrystal formulations and self-(micro)emulsifying drug delivery systems. This review describes the characteristics of these formulations, with emphasis on the suitability of the candidates for each type of formulation, from a physicochemical viewpoint. Influence of developmental strategy on the formulation selection is also discussed. This review aims to provide guidance for selecting formulations for poorly soluble drugs based on both academic and practical backgrounds.
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113
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Kawakami K, Harada T, Yoshihashi Y, Yonemochi E, Terada K, Moriyama H. Correlation between glass-forming ability and fragility of pharmaceutical compounds. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4873-80. [PMID: 25781503 DOI: 10.1021/jp509646z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fragility is a measure of the departure from non-Arrhenius behavior for supercooled liquids and glasses, and various simple methods are available for its quantification. However, the obtained values usually do not agree with each other. One of the purposes of this study was to compare the fragility values obtained by different methodologies. Thermodynamic fragility (FT) is a simple concept that is evaluated from the heat capacity change at the glass transition temperature (Tg). Dynamic fragility is evaluated using three methodologies in this study: extrapolation of the configurational entropy (Sc) to the Kauzmann temperature (Tk) (FDC), ramp-rate dependence of Tg (FDTg), and that of the fictive temperature (Tf) (FDTf). FT and FDC of 19 pharmaceutical compounds were correlated, whereas FDTg and FDTf did not correlate with either of them. This result seems reasonable because both FT and FDC are calculated from thermodynamic parameters in the quasi-equilibrium state, but FDTg and FDTf are likely affected by kinetics as well. Another goal of this study was to find the correlation between the glass-forming ability (GFA) and fragility. FDTg was shown to correlate with GFA, presumably because both were determined on the balance of thermodynamic and kinetic factors. This correlation suggests that fragile glass has low GFA. Furthermore, the relevance of fragility to isothermal crystallization is discussed. Compounds with small FDTg and FDTf tended to exhibit pressure-controlled crystallization, for which better storage stability can be expected relative to temperature-controlled compounds. Fragility was shown to be a useful parameter practically as well as scientifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- †International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuji Harada
- †International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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114
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Dichiarante E, Curzi M, Giaffreda SL, Grepioni F, Maini L, Braga D. Crystal forms of the hydrogen oxalate salt of o-desmethylvenlafaxine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2015; 67:823-9. [PMID: 25644936 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prepare new crystalline forms of the antidepressant o-desmethylvenlafaxine salt as potential new commercial forms and evaluate their physicochemical properties, in particular the dissolution rate. METHODS A new hydrogen oxalate salt of o-desmethylvenlafaxine hydrogen oxalate (ODV-OX) was synthesized, and a polymorph screening was performed using different solvents and crystallization conditions. Crystalline forms were characterized by a combination of solid-state techniques: X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The stability of all crystalline phases was tested under International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) conditions (40°C and 75% Relative Humidity (RH)) for 1 week. Dissolution tests were performed on the hydrogen oxalate salt ODV-OX Form 1 and compared with dissolution test on the commercial form of the succinate salt of o-desmethylvenlafaxine. KEY FINDINGS Five crystalline forms of ODV-OX were isolated, namely three hydrated forms (Form 1, Form 2, Form 3) and two anhydrous forms (Form 4 and Form 5). CONCLUSIONS Comparative solubility tests on ODV-OX Form 1 and o-desmethylvenlafaxine succinate evidenced a significant increase in solubility for the hydrogen oxalate salt (142 g/l) with respect to the succinate salt (70 g/l).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Maini
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Braga
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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115
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Medarević DP, Kachrimanis K, Mitrić M, Djuriš J, Djurić Z, Ibrić S. Dissolution rate enhancement and physicochemical characterization of carbamazepine-poloxamer solid dispersions. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:268-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.996899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Djordje P. Medarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, and
| | - Miodrag Mitrić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djuriš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Zorica Djurić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Svetlana Ibrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
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116
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Trasi NS, Abbou Oucherif K, Litster JD, Taylor LS. Evaluating the influence of polymers on nucleation and growth in supersaturated solutions of acetaminophen. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce02179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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117
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Pattnaik S, Swain K, Rao JV, Varun T, Prusty KB, Subudhi SK. Aceclofenac nanocrystals for improved dissolution: influence of polymeric stabilizers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SEM of nanocrystals synthesized through bottom up approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayan Pattnaik
- Formulation Development and Drug Delivery Systems
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Talla Padmavathi College of Pharmacy
- Warangal
- India
| | - Kalpana Swain
- Formulation Development and Drug Delivery Systems
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Talla Padmavathi College of Pharmacy
- Warangal
- India
| | - Jupally Venkateswar Rao
- Formulation Development and Drug Delivery Systems
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Talla Padmavathi College of Pharmacy
- Warangal
- India
| | - Talla Varun
- Formulation Development and Drug Delivery Systems
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Talla Padmavathi College of Pharmacy
- Warangal
- India
| | - K. Baikuntha Prusty
- Formulation Development and Drug Delivery Systems
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Talla Padmavathi College of Pharmacy
- Warangal
- India
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118
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Kawakami K. Surface Effects on the Crystallization of Ritonavir Glass. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:276-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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119
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Ramyadevi D, Rajan KS. Synthesis of hybrid polymer blend nanoparticles and incorporation into in situ gel foam spray for controlled release therapy using a versatile synthetic purine nucleoside analogue antiviral drug. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16537c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral drug loaded nanoparticles is incorporated intoin situgel for controlled release therapy. Chemical and physical interactions of drug and polymers in the system influenced their characteristics and drug release mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durai Ramyadevi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT)
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
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120
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Chitosan cocrystals embedded alginate beads for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of aceclofenac. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 74:310-7. [PMID: 25557368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced oral bioavailability of aceclofenac has been achieved using chitosan cocrystals of aceclofenac and its entrapment into alginate matrix a super saturated drug delivery system (SDDS). Prepared SDDS were evaluated by various physiochemical and pharmacological methods. The result revealed that the primary cocrystals enhanced the solubility of the drug and the thick gelled polymer matrix that formed from swelling of calcium alginate beads makes it to release the drug in continuous and sustained manner by supersaturated drug diffusion. The Cmax, Tmax and relative bioavailability for aceclofenac cocrystal and aceclofenac SDDS were 2.06±0.42 μg/ml, 1 h, 159.72±10.84 and 2.01 μg/ml, 1 h, 352.76±12.91, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of aceclofenac was significantly improved with the SDDS. With respect to the results, it revealed that the SDDS described herein might be a promising tool for the oral sustained release of aceclofenac and likely for that of various other poorly soluble drugs.
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Emami S, Valizadeh H, Islambulchilar Z, Zakeri-Milani P. Development and physicochemical characterization of sirolimus solid dispersions prepared by solvent evaporation method. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:369-74. [PMID: 25436193 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present investigation was preparation and characterization of sirolimus solid dispersions by solvent evaporation technique to improve its dissolution properties. METHODS Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Poloxamer 188 and Cremophore RH40 were used to prepare the solid dispersions of sirolimus. In vitro dissolution study using USP type I apparatus, were performed in distilled water (containing SLS 0.4%) for pure sirolimus, physical mixtures, Rapamune and prepared solid dispersions. The characterization of solid dispersions was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). RESULTS More than 75% of sirolimus was released within 30 minutes from all prepared solid dispersions. The dissolution rate of all prepared solid dispersion powders were more than physical mixtures. The absence of sirolimus peak in the DSC spectrum of solid dispersions indicated the conversion of crystalline form of sirolimus into amorphous form. The results from FT-IR spectroscopy showed that there was no significant change in the FT-IR spectrum of solid dispersions indicating absence of well-defined interaction between drug and carriers. CONCLUSION It was concluded that solid dispersion method, using PVP, Poloxamer 188 and Cremophore RH40 can improve dissolution rate of sirolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Emami
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ziba Islambulchilar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Preparation and characterization of co-amorphous Ritonavir–Indomethacin systems by solvent evaporation technique: Improved dissolution behavior and physical stability without evidence of intermolecular interactions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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123
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Lohani S, Cooper H, Jin X, Nissley BP, Manser K, Rakes LH, Cummings JJ, Fauty SE, Bak A. Physicochemical Properties, Form, and Formulation Selection Strategy for a Biopharmaceutical Classification System Class II Preclinical Drug Candidate. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3007-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Gutierrez L, Miranda-Calderon JE, Garcia-Gutierrez P, Sumano H. Physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics in broiler chickens of a new recrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride dihydrate. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:183-9. [PMID: 25224691 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin, a key antimicrobial agent in commercial avian medicine, has limited bioavailability (60%). This prompted its chemical manipulation to yield a new solvate-recrystallized enrofloxacin hydrochloride dihydrate entity (enroC ). Its chemical structure was characterized by means of mass spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermal analysis. Comparative oral pharmacokinetics (PK) of reference enrofloxacin (enroR ) and enroC in broiler chickens after oral administration revealed noticeable improvements in key parameters and PK/PD ratios. Maximum serum concentration values were 2.61 ± 0.21 and 5.9 ± 0.42 μg/mL for enroR and enroC , respectively; mean residence time was increased from 5.50 ± 0.26 h to 6.20 ± 0.71 h and the relative bioavailability of enroC was 336%. Considering Cmax /MIC and AUC/MIC ratios and the MIC values for a wild-type Escherichia coli O78/H12 (0.25 μg/mL), optimal ratios will only be achieved by enroC (Cmax /MIC = 23.6 and AUC/MIC = 197.7 for enroC ; vs. Cmax /MIC = 10.4 and AUC/MIC = 78.1 for enroR ). Furthermore, enroC may provide in most cases mutant prevention concentrations (Cmax /MIC ≥ 16). Ready solubility of powder enroC in drinking water at concentrations regularly used (0.01%) to provide an additional advantage of enroC in the field. Further development of enroC is warranted before it can be recommended for clinical use in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gutierrez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Vasquez MI, Lambrianides A, Schneider M, Kümmerer K, Fatta-Kassinos D. Environmental side effects of pharmaceutical cocktails: what we know and what we should know. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 279:169-89. [PMID: 25061892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cocktails of pharmaceuticals are released in the environment after human consumption and due to the incomplete removal at the wastewater treatment plants. Pharmaceuticals are considered as contaminants of emerging concern and, a plethora of journal articles addressing their possible adverse effects have been published during the past 20 years. The emphasis during the early years of research within this field, was on the assessment of acute effects of pharmaceuticals applied singly, leading to results regarding their environmental risk, potentially not realistic or relevant to the actual environmental conditions. Only recently has the focus been shifted to chronic exposure and to the assessment of cocktail effects. To this end, this review provides an up-to-date compilation of 57 environmental and human toxicology studies published during 2000-2014 dealing with the adverse effects of pharmaceutical mixtures. The main challenges regarding the design of experiments and the analysis of the results regarding the effects of pharmaceutical mixtures to different biological systems are presented and discussed herein. The gaps of knowledge are critically reviewed highlighting specific future research needs and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Vasquez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas - International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Lambrianides
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, P.O. Box 23462, 1683 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - M Schneider
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - K Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - D Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Nireas - International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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126
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Greiner M, Elts E, Briesen H. Insights into pharmaceutical nanocrystal dissolution: a molecular dynamics simulation study on aspirin. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3009-16. [PMID: 25090160 DOI: 10.1021/mp500148q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The presented molecular dynamics simulations are the first simulations to reveal dynamic dissolution of a pharmaceutical crystal in its experimentally determined shape. Continuous dissolution at constant undersaturation of the surrounding medium is ensured by introducing a plane of sticky dummy atoms into the water slab. These atoms have a strong interaction potential with dissolved aspirin molecules, but interactions with water are excluded from the calculations. Thus, the number of aspirin molecules diffusing freely in solution is kept at a low value and continuous dissolution of the aspirin crystal is monitored. Further insight into face-specific dissolution is drawn. The dissolution mechanism of receding edges is found for the (001) plane. These findings are in good agreement with experimental results. While the proposed dissolution mechanism for the (100) plane is terrace sinking on a rough surface, no pronounced dissolution of the perfectly flat face is seen in the present work. Molecular simulations of pharmaceuticals in their experimentally obtained structure therefore have shown to be especially suited for the investigation of dissolving faces, where the edges have a pronounced effect. In contrast to previous studies a propagation of the dissolution front into the crystal face is reported, and the crystal bulk is stable over the whole simulation time of 150 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Greiner
- Chair for Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität München , Freising 85354, Germany
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127
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Xu Y, Jiang L, Mei X. Supramolecular structures and physicochemical properties of norfloxacin salts. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:750-760. [PMID: 25080254 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520614011718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seven new molecular salts of norfloxacin (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-piperazin-1-yl-1H-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid; abbreviated as NF) with various organic acids (adipic acid, mucic acid, o-OH-benzoic acid, m-OH-benzoic acid, p-OH-benzoic acid, naphthalene-1, 5-disulfonic acid and naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid) were synthesized and their crystal structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. Supramolecular structures and reccurring packing patterns are discussed to understand the influence of non-covalent interactions in determination of the crystal packing and hydrate inclusion. The formation of hydrates was commonly observed among various NF salts, except for the adipate salt which exists as an anhydrous form. The physicochemical properties of salts were fully characterized with a variety of analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform IR (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM) and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) etc. The synthesized norfloxacin salts were found to have different physicochemical properties, superior solubility and hygroscopicity. Particularly, NF adipate was found to be a desirable candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Pharmaceutical Analytical and Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Linglei Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Analytical and Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Mei
- Pharmaceutical Analytical and Solid-State Chemistry Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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128
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Kuentz M. Analytical technologies for real-time drug dissolution and precipitation testing on a small scale. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 67:143-59. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This review focuses on real-time analytics of drug dissolution and precipitation testing on a comparatively small scale.
Key findings
Miniaturisation of test equipment is an important trend in pharmaceutics, and several small-scale experiments have been reported for drug dissolution and precipitation testing. Such tests typically employ analytics in real-time. Fibre optic ultraviolet (UV) analytics has become a well-established method in this field. Novel imaging techniques are emerging that use visible or UV light; also promising is Fourier transform infrared imaging based on attenuated total reflection. More information than just a rate constant is obtained from these methods. The early phase of a dissolution process can be assessed and drug precipitation may eventually be observed. Some real-time techniques are particularly well suited to studying drug precipitation during formulation dispersion; for example, turbidity, focused beam reflectance measurement and Raman spectroscopy.
Summary
Small-scale dissolution tests equipped with real-time analytics have become important to screen drug candidates as well as to study prototype formulations in early development. Future approaches are likely to combine different analytical techniques including imaging. Miniaturisation started with mini-vessels or small vials and future assays of dissolution research will probably more often reach the level of parallel well plates and microfluidic channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuentz
- Institute of Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
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Kawakami K, Harada T, Miura K, Yoshihashi Y, Yonemochi E, Terada K, Moriyama H. Relationship between Crystallization Tendencies during Cooling from Melt and Isothermal Storage: Toward a General Understanding of Physical Stability of Pharmaceutical Glasses. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1835-43. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400679m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- Biomaterials
Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takuji Harada
- Biomaterials
Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Faculty
of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Keiko Miura
- Industrial
Application Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI/SPring8), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yoshihashi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Etsuo Yonemochi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Terada
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Moriyama
- Faculty
of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Beg S, Sandhu PS, Batra RS, Khurana RK, Singh B. QbD-based systematic development of novel optimized solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of lovastatin with enhanced biopharmaceutical performance. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:765-84. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.900154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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131
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Kawakami K, Hasegawa Y, Zhang S, Yoshihashi Y, Yonemochi E, Terada K. Low-density microparticles with petaloid surface structure for pulmonary drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1309-13. [PMID: 24522880 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of spray-dried particles composed of psicose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was modified by adding ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) to the solution. The surface structure of the particles was altered by immediate transformation of ABC to gaseous components during the spray drying. As a result, low-density microparticles with a petaloid surface structure, which was controllable by changing the evaporation rate of ABC, was obtained. This technique should be useful for modifying characteristics of solid particles for pulmonary drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsaku Kawakami
- Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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132
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Bisht KK, Patel P, Rachuri Y, Eringathodi S. Binary co-crystals of the active pharmaceutical ingredient 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene and camphoric acid. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2014; 70:63-71. [PMID: 24441129 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520613031260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystals comprising the active pharmaceutical ingredient 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene, C12H10N4, and the chiral co-formers (+)-, (-)- and (rac)-camphoric acid (cam), C10H16O4, have been synthesized. Two different stoichiometries of the API and co-former are obtained, namely 1:1 and 3:2. Crystallization experiments suggest that the 3:2 co-crystal is kinetically favoured over the 1:1 co-crystal. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the co-crystals reveals N-H...O hydrogen bonding as the primary driving force for crystallization of the supramolecular structures. The 1:1 co-crystal contains undulating hydrogen-bonded ribbons, in which the chiral cam molecules impart a helical twist. The 3:2 co-crystal contains discrete Z-shaped motifs comprising three molecules of the API and two molecules of cam. The 3:2 co-crystals with (+)-cam, (-)-cam (space group P21) and (rac)-cam (space group P21/n) are isostructural. The enantiomeric co-crystals contain pseudo-symmetry consistent with space group P21/n, and the co-crystal with (rac)-cam represents a solid solution between the co-crystals containing (+)-cam and (-)-cam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar Bisht
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyank Patel
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Yadagiri Rachuri
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Suresh Eringathodi
- Analytical Discipline and Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364 002, Gujarat, India
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133
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Daimon Y, Izawa H, Kawakami K, Żywicki P, Sakai H, Abe M, Hill JP, Ariga K. Media-dependent morphology of supramolecular aggregates of β-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan and insulin through multivalent interactions. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1802-1812. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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134
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Ariga K, Kawakami K, Ebara M, Kotsuchibashi Y, Ji Q, Hill JP. Bioinspired nanoarchitectonics as emerging drug delivery systems. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00864b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired nanoarchitectonics opens a new era for designing drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yohei Kotsuchibashi
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Qingmin Ji
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST)
- Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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135
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Nutraceutical-based therapeutics and formulation strategies augmenting their efficiency to complement modern medicine: An overview. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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136
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Formulation strategies to improve the bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs with special emphasis on self-emulsifying systems. ISRN PHARMACEUTICS 2013; 2013:848043. [PMID: 24459591 PMCID: PMC3888743 DOI: 10.1155/2013/848043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drug candidates are becoming more prevalent. It has been estimated that approximately 60–70% of the drug molecules are insufficiently soluble in aqueous media and/or have very low permeability to allow for their adequate and reproducible absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) following oral administration. Formulation scientists have to adopt various strategies to enhance their absorption. Lipidic formulations are found to be a promising approach to combat the challenges. In this review article, potential advantages and drawbacks of various conventional techniques and the newer approaches specifically the self-emulsifying systems are discussed. Various components of the self-emulsifying systems and their selection criteria are critically reviewed. The attempts of various scientists to transform the liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) to solid-SEDDS by adsorption, spray drying, lyophilization, melt granulation, extrusion, and so forth to formulate various dosage forms like self emulsifying capsules, tablets, controlled release pellets, beads, microspheres, nanoparticles, suppositories, implants, and so forth have also been included. Formulation of SEDDS is a potential strategy to deliver new drug molecules with enhanced bioavailability mostly exhibiting poor aqueous solubility. The self-emulsifying system offers various advantages over other drug delivery systems having potential to solve various problems associated with drugs of all the classes of biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS).
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137
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Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Hao L, Guo H, Lou H, Zhang D. Bexarotene nanocrystal-Oral and parenteral formulation development, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 87:160-9. [PMID: 24333772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bexarotene (Targretin®) is a synthetic retinoid that selectively activates the retinoid X receptor subfamily of retinoid receptors and exhibits potent anti-tumor activity. However, the poor solubility and bioavailability limit its application. The main aim of this study is to investigate the potential of oral and parenteral nanocrystals in enhancing the bioavailability of bexarotene. In this work, the orthogonal design was used to screen the optimum stabilizers and precipitation-combined microfluidization method was employed to obtain the optimal nanocrystals. According to DSC, X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman examination, the nanocrystals were still in crystalline state after the preparation procedure. By reducing the particle size, the in vitro dissolution rate of bexarotene was increased significantly. The in vivo test was carried out in rats and pharmacokinetic parameters of the bexarotene solution and bexarotene nanocrystals were compared after gavage and intravenous administration. The higher AUC and lower Cmax indicated that oral bexarotene nanocrystals significantly increased the bioavailability of bexarotene and decreased its side effects. Compared to the oral nanocrystals, the intravenous nanocrystals cut losses and increased bioavailability because of the absence of first pass effect and enterohepatic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiang Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jiaozhen Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Leilei Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hejian Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
| | - Dianrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
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138
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Higashi K, Yamamoto K, Pandey MK, Mroue KH, Moribe K, Yamamoto K, Ramamoorthy A. Insights into atomic-level interaction between mefenamic acid and eudragit EPO in a supersaturated solution by high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:351-7. [PMID: 24283196 DOI: 10.1021/mp4005723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular interaction between mefenamic acid (MFA), a poorly water-soluble nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and Eudragit EPO (EPO), a water-soluble polymer, is investigated in their supersaturated solution using high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The stable supersaturated solution with a high MFA concentration of 3.0 mg/mL is prepared by dispersing the amorphous solid dispersion into a d-acetate buffer at pH 5.5 and 37 °C. By virtue of MAS at 2.7 kHz, the extremely broad and unresolved (1)H resonances of MFA in one-dimensional (1)H NMR spectrum of the supersaturated solution are well-resolved, thus enabling the complete assignment of MFA (1)H resonances in the aqueous solution. Two-dimensional (2D) (1)H/(1)H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and radio frequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) under MAS conditions reveal the interaction of MFA with EPO in the supersaturated solution at an atomic level. The strong cross-correlations observed in the 2D (1)H/(1)H NMR spectra indicate a hydrophobic interaction between the aromatic group of MFA and the backbone of EPO. Furthermore, the aminoalkyl group in the side chain of EPO forms a hydrophilic interaction, which can be either electrostatic or hydrogen bonding, with the carboxyl group of MFA. We believe these hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between MFA and EPO molecules play a key role in the formation of this extremely stable supersaturated solution. In addition, 2D (1)H/(1)H RFDR demonstrates that the molecular MFA-EPO interaction is quite flexible and dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjirou Higashi
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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139
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Shayanfar A, Jouyban A. Drug–Drug Coamorphous Systems: Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Coamorphous Atorvastatin with Carvedilol and Glibenclamide. J Pharm Innov 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-013-9162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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140
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Sun DD, Lee PI. Evolution of Supersaturation of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals: The Effect of Rate of Supersaturation Generation. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4330-46. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400439q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dajun D. Sun
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ping I. Lee
- Department
of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
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141
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Shi NQ, Lei YS, Song LM, Yao J, Zhang XB, Wang XL. Impact of amorphous and semicrystalline polymers on the dissolution and crystallization inhibition of pioglitazone solid dispersions. POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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142
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Solid dispersion tablets of breviscapine with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 for improved dissolution and bioavailability to commercial breviscapine tablets in beagle dogs. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 39:203-10. [PMID: 24061692 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-013-0150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Breviscapine, one of cardiovascular drugs extracted from a Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapinus, has been frequently used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, coronary heart disease and stroke. However, its poor water solubility and low bioavailability in vivo severely restrict the clinical application. To overcome these drawbacks, breviscapine solid dispersion tablets consisting of breviscapine, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30), microcrystalline cellulose and crospovidone were appropriately prepared. In vitro dissolution profiles showed that breviscapine released percentage of solid dispersion tablets reached 90 %, whereas it was only 40 % for commercial breviscapine tablets. Comparative pharmacokinetic study between solid dispersion tablets and commercial products was investigated on the normal beagle dogs after oral administration. Results showed that the bioavailability of breviscapine was greatly increased by 3.45-fold for solid dispersion tablets. The greatly improved dissolution rate and bioavailability might be attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding reactions between PVP K30 and scutellarin. These findings suggest that our solid dispersion tablets can greatly improve the bioavailability as well as the dissolution rate of breviscapine.
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143
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Kim MS, Kim JS, Cho W, Park HJ, Hwang SJ. Oral absorption of atorvastatin solid dispersion based on cellulose or pyrrolidone derivative polymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:138-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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144
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Shi NQ, Yao J, Wang XL. Effect of polymers and media type on extending the dissolution of amorphous pioglitazone and inhibiting the recrystallization from a supersaturated state. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1112-22. [PMID: 23808528 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.809536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous forms of crystalline drug are widely utilized for bioavailability enhancement of low solubility drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Polymers have been found to be effective crystallization inhibitors for amorphous forms in solid states during storage or in liquid states during dissolution process. The dissolution and crystallization behaviors of these amorphous forms in the presence or absence of polymers are still far from adequately understood especially in different dissolution environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of polymers and media type on extending the dissolution of amorphous pioglitazone and inhibiting the recrystallization from a supersaturated state. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30), polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVPK90), polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000), polyethylene-polypropylene glycol 188 (F-68), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were employed to understand these behaviors changes because these polymers were used widely. Three solutions including neutral water and phosphate buffer solutions (PBS, pH6.8 and pH7.4) were adopted as dissolution media to determine the behaviors changes comprehensively. In the presence of polymers, dissolution and solubility were extended to different degrees in three media. Polymers can delay the crystallization routes dependently of the medium type. Buffer salts in media reduced the dissolution and accelerated the crystallization process. Crystallization inhibition of these polymers was strongly dependent on the type and pH of media. HPMC displayed the strongest crystallization inhibition effects, resulting in the greatest degree of maintaining a supersaturated state that can sustain most effectively for biologically relevant timeframes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Qiu Shi
- The State Key Laboratories of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research , Tianjin , P.R. China and
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145
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Kawakami K, Zhang S, Chauhan RS, Ishizuka N, Yamamoto M, Masaoka Y, Kataoka M, Yamashita S, Sakuma S. Preparation of fenofibrate solid dispersion using electrospray deposition and improvement in oral absorption by instantaneous post-heating of the formulation. Int J Pharm 2013; 450:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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146
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Chauhan H, Hui-Gu C, Atef E. Correlating the Behavior of Polymers in Solution as Precipitation Inhibitor to its Amorphous Stabilization Ability in Solid Dispersions. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1924-1935. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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147
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Kim MS. Influence of hydrophilic additives on the supersaturation and bioavailability of dutasteride-loaded hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanostructures. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2029-39. [PMID: 23737668 PMCID: PMC3669091 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s44795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop a novel solid dutasteride formulation with improved physicochemical properties and oral bioavailability, and to examine the correlation between its in vitro dissolution and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) nanostructures with or without hydrophilic additives were manufactured using the supercritical antisolvent process. The dutasteride-loaded HP-β-CD nanoparticles formed aggregates with a mean particle size of less than 160 nm and a specific surface area greater than 100 m(2)/g. Increases in the supersaturation and dissolution rate for dutasteride were dependent on the type of additive; increases in maximum solubility and extended supersaturation were observed in dutasteride-loaded HP-β-CD nanostructures with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, whereas the dissolution rate was the highest for nanostructures containing d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate. In rats, the oral bioavailability of dutasteride increased with the supersaturation induced by the HP-β-CD nanostructures. In addition, compared with the in vitro drug release rate, the in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were more closely correlated with in vitro parameters related to supersaturation (solubility). Further, the bioavailability of the dutasteride-loaded HP-β-CD nanostructures with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose was similar to that of the commercially available soft gelatin capsule (Avodart®). In conclusion, preparation of dutasteride-loaded HP-β-CD nanostructures using the supercritical antisolvent process affords a viable alternative solid dosage form for dutasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
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148
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Laaksonen T, Aaltonen J. Modeling solid-state transformations occurring in dissolution testing. Int J Pharm 2013; 447:218-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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149
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Makar RR, Latif R, Hosni EA, El Gazayerly ON. Optimization for glimepiride dissolution enhancement utilizing different carriers and techniques. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-013-0061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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150
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Hill A, Breyer S, Geissler S, Mier W, Haberkorn U, Weigandt M, Mäder K. How do in-vitro release profiles of nanosuspensions from Alzet® pumps correspond to the in-vivo situation? A case study on radiolabeled fenofibrate. J Control Release 2013; 168:77-87. [PMID: 23499716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In research and development sufficiently high and constant plasma levels of drug candidates are often requested, but simple solutions of hydrophobic drugs delivered from the commonly used micro-osmotic pumps cannot meet these demands. Nanosuspensions released from implanted osmotic devices can be a strategy to overcome this challenge but little is known about their pharmacokinetic behavior after subcutaneous application. In the current study, four different nanosuspension formulations containing iodinated fenofibrate were prepared, physicochemically characterized and investigated concerning their in-vitro release kinetics from osmotic pumps. One nanosuspension of lower viscosity exhibited thereby an unexpectedly first order release kinetics, whereas the higher viscous counterpart was released in the expected zero-order manner. To assess the relation of the in-vitro release kinetics to the in-vivo fate of nanosuspensions, various [(131)I] iodinated fenofibrate formulations were subcutaneously applied to mice. The biodistribution was followed by means of γ-scintigraphy and γ-scintillation. Two different nanosuspensions released from osmotic pumps were compared to bolus injections of a nanosuspension and an organic drug solution. The distribution and elimination of the bolus injected drug solution were almost completed within 48h. In contrast, a long lasting (>1week) depot at the injection site was formed by the bolus injected nanosuspension. Ex vivo examination of the organs showed a sustained, but exponential decrease of the radiolabel concentration. More constant drug levels in the organs were achieved within the nanosuspensions released from osmotic pumps. The organ levels of [(131)I] labeled fenofibrate were found to be more constant in case of the pump with the higher viscous nanosuspension in contrast to the lower viscous counterpart. However, the very different release profiles of the lower and higher viscous nanosuspension observed in-vitro were not observed in-vivo, as both pumps showed zero order release. In conclusion, nanosuspensions of poorly soluble compounds released from subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps can be a suitable approach in pharmacokinetic studies. Although the in-vivo release of nanosuspensions differed in the expected release profile from the in-vitro test results, these in-vitro release tests present a valuable tool for the pre-selection of suitable nanosuspension candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hill
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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