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Rastogi RP, Madamwar D, Incharoensakdi A. Sun-screening bioactive compounds mycosporine-like amino acids in naturally occurring cyanobacterial biofilms: role in photoprotection. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:753-62. [PMID: 26099286 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the occurrence of UV sunscreening biomolecules and their role in photoprotection in cyanobacterial biofilms growing in brightly lit habitats with high UV fluxes. METHODS AND RESULTS High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array and mass spectrometry revealed the presence of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) shinorine (λ(max) 334 nm, m/z 333), porphyra-334 (λ(max) 334 nm, m/z 347), mycosporine-glycine (λ(max) 310 nm, m/z 246) and palythinol (λ(max) 332 nm, m/z 303). Two unknown MAAs with λ(max) at 320 (m/z 289) and 329 nm (m/z 318) were also found. Biosynthesis of MAAs was found to increase with increase in exposure time under UV radiation. The MAAs from biofilms showed efficient radical scavenging activity as well as photoprotective potential on the survival of UV-treated Escherichia coli cells. CONCLUSIONS Biosynthesis of photoprotectants is an important mechanism to prevent photodamage in Cyanobacteria. UV-induction and photoprotective function of MAAs may facilitate them to perform important ecological functions under harsh environmental conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY There are very few reports on qualitative and quantitative characterization of different MAAs in cyanobacterial biofilms. Due to strong UV absorption and photoprotective function, MAAs may be used as an active ingredient in cosmetic and other pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Rastogi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India
| | - D Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, India
| | - A Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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102
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Rastogi RP, Sonani RR, Madamwar D. Physico-chemical factors affecting the in vitro stability of phycobiliproteins from Phormidium rubidum A09DM. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:219-26. [PMID: 25958145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The functionality and stability of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) phycoerythrin (PE), phycocyanin (PC) and allophycocyanin (APC) were investigated under various temperatures, pHs and oxidative stressors. All PBPs were thermostable up to 4-40°C; however, their concentration decreased rapidly at 60-80°C. The maximum stability of all PBPs was in the pH range 6.0-7.0. Decrease in PBPs content was found under high acidic (pH 2-4) and alkaline conditions (pH 8-12). The oxidizing agent (0.1-0.6%) showed the least effect on the stability of PBPs; however, 0.8-1.0% H2O2 caused significant loss of PBPs. Contrary to PE, PC and APC was more susceptible to an oxidizing agent. The chromophore associated with α- and β-subunit of PBPs and thus, their functionality (fluorescence) was severely affected under high temperature (60-80°C), and oxidizing agent, as well as low (2-4) and high (8-12) pH. Contrary to PC and APC, functionality of PE was surprisingly maintained even at pHs 6-12 and under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Prasad Rastogi
- BRD School of Biosciences, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ravi Raghav Sonani
- BRD School of Biosciences, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - Datta Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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Effect of Light Intensity and Photoperiod on Growth and Biochemical Composition of a Local Isolate of Nostoc calcicola. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:2279-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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104
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Richa, Sinha RP. Sensitivity of two Nostoc species harbouring diverse habitats to ultraviolet-B radiation. Microbiology (Reading) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261715030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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105
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Rastogi RP, Sonani RR, Madamwar D. Cyanobacterial Sunscreen Scytonemin: Role in Photoprotection and Biomedical Research. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1551-63. [PMID: 26013282 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are the most promising group of photosynthetic microorganisms capable of producing an array of natural products of industrial importance. Scytonemin is a small hydrophobic alkaloid pigment molecules present in the extracellular sheath of several cyanobacteria as a protective mechanism against short wavelength solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It has great efficacy to minimize the production of reactive oxygen species and formation of DNA lesions. The biosynthesis of scytonemin is regulated by different physico-chemical stressors. Scytonemin display multiple roles, functioning as a potent UV sunscreen and antioxidant molecules, and can be exploited in cosmetic and other industries for the development of new cosmeceuticals. Herein, we review the occurrence, biosynthesis, and potential application of scytonemin in photoprotection, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Prasad Rastogi
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Sardar Patel University, Post Box No. 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India,
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106
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Rastogi RP, Sonani RR, Madamwar D. Effects of PAR and UV Radiation on the Structural and Functional Integrity of Phycocyanin, Phycoerythrin and Allophycocyanin Isolated from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. A09DM. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:837-44. [PMID: 25763657 DOI: 10.1111/php.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro analysis of the effects of photosynthetically active and ultraviolet radiations was executed to assess the photostability of biologically relevant pigments phycocyanin (PC), phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC) isolated from Lyngbya sp. A09DM. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiances significantly affected the integrity of PC, PE and APC; however, PAR showed least effect. UV radiation affected the bilin chromophores covalently attached to phycobiliproteins (PBPs). Almost complete elimination of the chromophore bands associated with α- and β-subunit of PE and APC occurred after 4 h of UV-B exposure. After 5 h of UV-B exposure, the content of PC, PE and APC decreased by 51.65%, 96.8% and 96.53%, respectively. Contrary to PAR and UV-A radiation, a severe decrease in fluorescence of all PBPs was observed under UV-B irradiation. The fluorescence activity of extracted PBP was gradually inhibited immediately after 15-30 min of UV-B exposure. In comparison to the PC, the fluorescence properties of PE and APC were severely lost under UV-B radiation. Moreover, the present study indicates that UV-B radiation can damage the structural and functional integrity of phycobiliproteins leading to the loss of their ecological and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Raghav Sonani
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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107
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Centini M, Tredici MR, Biondi N, Buonocore A, Maffei Facino R, Anselmi C. Thermal mud maturation: organic matter and biological activity. Int J Cosmet Sci 2015; 37:339-47. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Centini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; University of Siena; Via della Diana 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - M. R. Tredici
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente - Sezione di Microbiologia Agraia; University of Florence; Piazzale delle Cascine 24 50144 Florence Italy
| | - N. Biondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente - Sezione di Microbiologia Agraia; University of Florence; Piazzale delle Cascine 24 50144 Florence Italy
| | - A. Buonocore
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; University of Siena; Via della Diana 2 53100 Siena Italy
| | - R. Maffei Facino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”; University of Milan; Via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milan Italy
| | - C. Anselmi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia; University of Siena; Via della Diana 2 53100 Siena Italy
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108
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In vitro regeneration of Arachis hypogaea L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. using extracellular phytohormones from Aphanothece sp. MBDU 515. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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109
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Abstract
Biomass derived from marine microalgae and macroalgae is globally recognized as a source of valuable chemical constituents with applications in the agri-horticultural sector (including animal feeds and health and plant stimulants), as human food and food ingredients as well as in the nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Algal biomass supply of sufficient quality and quantity however remains a concern with increasing environmental pressures conflicting with the growing demand. Recent attempts in supplying consistent, safe and environmentally acceptable biomass through cultivation of (macro- and micro-) algal biomass have concentrated on characterizing natural variability in bioactives, and optimizing cultivated materials through strain selection and hybridization, as well as breeding and, more recently, genetic improvements of biomass. Biotechnological tools including metabolomics, transcriptomics, and genomics have recently been extended to algae but, in comparison to microbial or plant biomass, still remain underdeveloped. Current progress in algal biotechnology is driven by an increased demand for new sources of biomass due to several global challenges, new discoveries and technologies available as well as an increased global awareness of the many applications of algae. Algal diversity and complexity provides significant potential provided that shortages in suitable and safe biomass can be met, and consumer demands are matched by commercial investment in product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Science, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland,
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110
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Abstract
Microbes produce a huge array of secondary metabolites endowed with important ecological functions. These molecules, which can be catalogued as natural products, have long been exploited in medical fields as antibiotics, anticancer and anti-infective agents. Recent years have seen considerable advances in elucidating natural-product biosynthesis and many drugs used today are natural products or natural-product derivatives. The major contribution to recent knowledge came from application of genomics to secondary metabolism and was facilitated by all relevant genes being organised in a contiguous DNA segment known as gene cluster. Clustering of genes regulating biosynthesis in bacteria is virtually universal. Modular gene clusters can be mixed and matched during evolution to generate structural diversity in natural products. Biosynthesis of many natural products requires the participation of complex molecular machines known as polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. Discovery of new evolutionary links between the polyketide synthase and fatty acid synthase pathways may help to understand the selective advantages that led to evolution of secondary-metabolite biosynthesis within bacteria. Secondary metabolites confer selective advantages, either as antibiotics or by providing a chemical language that allows communication among species, with other organisms and their environment. Herewith, we discuss these aspects focusing on the most clinically relevant bioactive molecules, the thiotemplated modular systems that include polyketide synthases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and fatty acid synthases. We begin by describing the evolutionary and physiological role of marine natural products, their structural/functional features, mechanisms of action and biosynthesis, then turn to genomic and metagenomic approaches, highlighting how the growing body of information on microbial natural products can be used to address fundamental problems in environmental evolution and biotechnology.
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111
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Rastogi RP, Sonani RR, Patel AB, Madamwar D. Occurrence of a functionally stable photoharvesting single peptide allophycocyanin α-subunit (16.4 kDa) in the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. R76DM. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the occurrence of a functionally stable single peptide APC α-subunit in cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. R76DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P. Rastogi
- BRD School of Biosciences
- Sardar Patel University
- Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120
- India
| | - Ravi R. Sonani
- BRD School of Biosciences
- Sardar Patel University
- Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120
- India
| | - Avani B. Patel
- BRD School of Biosciences
- Sardar Patel University
- Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120
- India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences
- Sardar Patel University
- Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120
- India
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112
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Nazifi E, Wada N, Asano T, Nishiuchi T, Iwamuro Y, Chinaka S, Matsugo S, Sakamoto T. Characterization of the chemical diversity of glycosylated mycosporine-like amino acids in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 142:154-68. [PMID: 25543549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are UV-absorbing pigments, and structurally unique glycosylated MAAs are found in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. In this study, we examined two genotypes of N.commune colonies with different water extract UV-absorption spectra. We found structurally distinct MAAs in each genotype. The water extract from genotype A showed a UV-absorbing spectrum with an absorption maximum at 335nm. The extract contained the following compounds: 7-O-(β-arabinopyranosyl)-porphyra-334 (478Da), pentose-bound shinorine (464Da), hexose-bound porphyra-334 (508Da) and porphyra-334 (346Da). The water extract from genotype B showed a characteristic UV-absorbing spectrum with double absorption maxima at 312 and 340nm. The extract contained hybrid MAAs (1050Da and 880Da) with two distinct chromophores of 3-aminocyclohexen-1-one and 1,3-diaminocyclohexen linked to 2-O-(β-xylopyranosyl)-β-galactopyranoside. A novel 273-Da MAA with an absorption maximum at 310nm was also identified in genotype B. The MAA consisted of a 3-aminocyclohexen-1-one linked to a γ-aminobutyric acid chain. These MAAs had potent radical scavenging activities in vitro and the results confirmed that the MAAs have multiple roles as a UV protectant and an antioxidant relevant to anhydrobiosis in N. commune. The two genotypes of N. commune exclusively produced their own characteristic glycosylated MAAs, which supports that MAA composition could be a chemotaxonomic marker for the classification of N. commune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Nazifi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- School of Natural System, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoya Asano
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Iwamuro
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Ishikawa Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-1 Kuratsuiki, Kanazawa 920-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chinaka
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Ishikawa Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-1 Kuratsuiki, Kanazawa 920-8553, Japan
| | - Seiichi Matsugo
- School of Natural System, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Sakamoto
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; School of Natural System, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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113
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Rastogi RP, Sonani RR, Madamwar D. The high-energy radiation protectant extracellular sheath pigment scytonemin and its reduced counterpart in the cyanobacterium Scytonema sp. R77DM. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:396-400. [PMID: 25226055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A cyanobacterial extracellular sheath pigment from Scytonema sp. R77DM was partially characterized and investigated for its increased production under abiotic factors, and UV-screening function. HPLC with PDA detection, and ion trap liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of a pigment scytonemin and its reduced counterpart. Ultraviolet radiation showed more stimulative effects on scytonemin production. A significant synergistic enhancement of scytonemin synthesis was observed under combined stress of heat and UV radiation. Scytonemin also exhibited efficient UV-screening function by reducing the in vivo production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cyclobutane thymine dimer. UV-induced formation of ROS and thymine dimer was also reduced upon exposure of cyanobacterial cells to exogenous antioxidant, ascorbic acid; however, the effect was more significant when both scytonemin and ascorbic acid were applied in combination. Moreover, the results indicate the potential role of scytonemin pigment as natural photoprotectant against high energy solar insolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Rastogi
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ravi R Sonani
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - Datta Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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114
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Rastogi RP, Incharoensakdi A, Madamwar D. Responses of a rice-field cyanobacterium Anabaena siamensis TISTR-8012 upon exposure to PAR and UV radiation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1545-1553. [PMID: 25128787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of PAR and UV radiation and subsequent responses of certain antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems were studied in a rice field cyanobacterium Anabaena siamensis TISTR 8012. UV radiation resulted in a decline in growth accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll a and photosynthetic efficiency. Exposure of cells to UV radiation significantly affected the differentiation of vegetative cells into heterocysts or akinetes. UV-B radiation caused the fragmentation of the cyanobacterial filaments conceivably due to the observed oxidative stress. A significant increase of reactive oxygen species in vivo and DNA strand breaks were observed in UV-B exposed cells followed by those under UV-A and PAR radiation, respectively. The UV-induced oxidative damage was alleviated due to an induction of antioxidant enzymatic/non-enzymatic defense systems. In response to UV irradiation, the studied cyanobacterium exhibited a significant increase in antioxidative enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. Moreover, the cyanobacterium also synthesized some UV-absorbing/screening substances. HPLC coupled with a PDA detector revealed the presence of three compounds with UV-absorption maxima at 326, 331 and 345 nm. The induction of the biosynthesis of these UV-absorbing compounds was found under both PAR and UV radiation, thus suggesting their possible function as an active photoprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Rastogi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Datta Madamwar
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Post Box No. 39, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India.
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115
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Jonas A, Buranova V, Scholz S, Fetter E, Novakova K, Kohoutek J, Hilscherova K. Retinoid-like activity and teratogenic effects of cyanobacterial exudates. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:283-290. [PMID: 25103898 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acids and their derivatives have been recently identified by chemical analyses in cyanobacteria and algae. Given the essential role of retinoids for vertebrate development this has raised concerns about a potential risk for vertebrates exposed to retinoids during cyanobacterial blooms. Our study focuses on extracellular compounds produced by phytoplankton cells (exudates). In order to address the capacity for the production of retinoids or compounds with retinoid-like activity we compared the exudates of ten cyanobacteria and algae using in vitro reporter gene assay. Exudates of three cyanobacterial species showed retinoid-like activity in the range of 269-2,265 ng retinoid equivalents (REQ)/L, while there was no detectable activity in exudates of the investigated algal species. The exudates of one green alga (Desmodesmus quadricaudus) and the two cyanobacterial species with greatest REQ levels, Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, were selected for testing of the potential relation of retinoid-like activity to developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. The exudates of both cyanobacteria were indeed provoking diverse teratogenic effects (e.g. tail, spine and mouth deformation) and interference with growth in zebrafish embryos, while such effects were not observed for the alga. Fish embryos were also exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in a range equivalent to the REQ concentrations detected in exudates by in vitro bioassays. Both the phenotypes and effective concentrations of exudates corresponded to ATRA equivalents, supporting the hypothesis that the teratogenic effects of cyanobacterial exudates are likely to be associated with retinoid-like activity. The study documents that some cyanobacteria are able to produce and release retinoid-like compounds into the environment at concentrations equivalent to those causing teratogenicity in zebrafish. Hence, the characterization of retinoid-like and teratogenic potency should be included in the assessment of the potential adverse effects caused by the release of toxic and bioactive compounds during cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jonas
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Buranova
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Scholz
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eva Fetter
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katerina Novakova
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kohoutek
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- RECETOX-Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic.
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116
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Balcerzak L, Lipok J, Strub D, Lochyński S. Biotransformations of monoterpenes by photoautotrophic micro-organisms. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1523-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Balcerzak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Wroclaw University of Technology; Wroclaw Poland
| | - J. Lipok
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Opole University; Opole Poland
| | - D. Strub
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Wroclaw University of Technology; Wroclaw Poland
| | - S. Lochyński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Wroclaw University of Technology; Wroclaw Poland
- Institute of Cosmetology; Wroclaw College of Physiotherapy; Wroclaw Poland
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117
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Singh SP, Rastogi RP, Häder DP, Sinha RP. Temporal dynamics of ROS biogenesis under simulated solar radiation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:1223-1230. [PMID: 24633292 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied the temporal generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis PCC 7937 under simulated solar radiation using WG 280, WG 295, WG 305, WG 320, WG 335, WG 345, and GG 400 nm cut-off filters to find out the minimum exposure time and most effective region of the solar spectrum inducing highest level of ROS. There was no significant generation of ROS in all treatments in comparison to the samples kept in the dark during the first 8 h of exposure; however, after 12 h of exposure, ROS were significantly generated in samples covered with 305, 295, or 280 nm cut-off filters. In contrast with ROS, the fragmentation of filaments was predominantly seen in 280 nm cut-off filter covered samples after 12 h of exposure. After 24 h of exposure, ROS levels were significantly higher in all samples than in the dark; however, the ROS signals were more pronounced in 320, 305, 295, or 280 nm cut-off filter covered samples. In contrast, the length of filaments was reduced in 305, 295, or 280 nm cut-off filter covered samples after 24 h of exposure. Thus, fragmentation of the filament was induced by all wavelengths of the UV-B region contrary to the UV-A region where only shorter wavelengths were able to induce the fragmentation. In contrast, ROS were generated by all wavelengths of the solar spectrum after 24 h of exposure; however, shorter wavelengths of both the UV-A and the UV-B regions were more effective in generating ROS in comparison to their higher wavelengths and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). Moreover, lower wavelengths of UV-B were more efficient than the lower wavelengths of the UV-A radiation. Findings from this study suggest that certain threshold levels of ROS are required to induce the fragmentation of filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra P Singh
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Felczykowska A, Dydecka A, Bohdanowicz M, Gąsior T, Soboň M, Kobos J, Bloch S, Nejman-Faleńczyk B, Węgrzyn G. The use of fosmid metagenomic libraries in preliminary screening for various biological activities. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:105. [PMID: 25048369 PMCID: PMC4347599 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally believed that there are many natural sources of as yet unknown bioactive compounds with a high biotechnological potential. However, the common method based on the use of cell extracts in the preliminary screening for particular molecules or activities is problematic as amounts of obtained compounds may be low, and such experiments are hardly reproducible. Therefore, the aim of this work was to test whether a novel strategy to search for previously unknown biological activities can be efficient. This strategy is based on construction of metagenomic libraries and employment of Escherichia coli strains as cell factories producing compounds of properties potentially useful in biotechnology. RESULTS Three cyanobacterial metagenomic libraries were constructed in the fosmid system. The libraries were screened for various biological activities. Extracts from selected E. coli clones bearing constructs with fragments of cyanobacterial genomes revealed antimicrobial or anticancer activities. Interestingly, stimulation of growth of host bacteria bearing particular plasmids with certain cyanobacterial genes was detected, suggesting a potential possibility for improvement of E. coli cultivation during biotechnological production. The most interesting plasmids were sequenced, and putative mechanisms of biological effects caused by cyanobacterial gene products are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The strategy of exploring cyanobacteria as sources of bioactive compounds, based on E. coli cell factories producing compounds due to expression of genes from metagenomic libraries, appears to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Felczykowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Dydecka
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Bohdanowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Gąsior
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marek Soboň
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland. .,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Justyna Kobos
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Bloch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Bożena Nejman-Faleńczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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119
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Bui TH, Wray V, Nimtz M, Fossen T, Preisitsch M, Schröder G, Wende K, Heiden SE, Mundt S. Balticidins A-D, antifungal hassallidin-like lipopeptides from the Baltic Sea cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica Bio33. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1287-96. [PMID: 24937366 DOI: 10.1021/np401020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Balticidins A-D (1-4), four new antifungal lipopeptides, were isolated from the laboratory-cultivated cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica strain Bio33 isolated from a water sample collected from the Baltic Sea, Rügen Island, Germany. Fractionation of the 50% aqueous MeOH extract was performed by bioassay-guided silica gel column chromatography followed by SPE and repeated reversed-phase HPLC. The main fraction containing the compounds exhibited a strong and specific antifungal activity with inhibition zones in an agar-diffusion assay from 21 to 32 mm against Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida maltosa, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microsporum gypseum, Mucor sp., and Microsporum canis. The structures were elucidated by multidimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, amino acid analysis, and sugar analysis. Spectroscopic data analysis afforded an unambiguous sequence of R.CHO(S1).CHOH.CONH-Thr(1)-Thr(2)-Thr(3)-HOTyr(4)-Dhb(5)-D-Gln(6)-Gly(7)-NMeThr(8)(S2)-L-Gln COOH(9), in which Dhb is dehydroaminobutyric acid, S1 is d(-)-arabinose-(3-1)-D-(+)-galacturonic acid, S2 is D-(+)-mannose, and R is the aliphatic residue -C13H26Cl or -C13H27. Besides NMeThr, D-allo-Thr, D-Thr, and L-Thr were identified, but the position of the enantiomers in the sequence is not clear. The four balticidins differ in their cyclic (2, 4)/linear (1, 3) core and the presence (1, 2)/absence (3, 4) of chlorine in the aliphatic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Huong Bui
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University , Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Two-step separation of nostotrebin 6 from cultivated soil cyanobacterium (Nostoc sp.) by high performance countercurrent chromatography. Molecules 2014; 19:8773-87. [PMID: 24968333 PMCID: PMC6271089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19078773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) was successfully applied for the separation of nostotrebin 6 from cultivated soil cyanobacteria in a two-step operation. A two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (4:5:4:5, v/v/v/v) was employed for the HPCCC separation. In the first-step operation, its neutral upper phase was used as stationary phase and its basic lower phase (1% NH3 in lower phase) was employed as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. In the second operation step, its neutral upper phase was used as stationary phase, whereas both its neutral lower phase and basic lower phase were employed as mobile phase with a linear gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The revolution speed and temperature of the separation column were 1,000 rpm and 30 °C, respectively. Using HPCCC followed by clean-up on Sephadex LH-20 gel, 4 mg of nostotrebin 6 with a purity of 99% as determined by HPLC/DAD-ESI-HRMS was obtained from 100 mg of crude extract. The chemical identity of the isolated compound was confirmed by comparing its spectroscopic data (UV, ESI-HRMS, ESI-HRMS2) with those of an authentic standard and data available in the literature.
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121
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Agha R, Quesada A. Oligopeptides as biomarkers of cyanobacterial subpopulations. Toward an understanding of their biological role. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1929-50. [PMID: 24960202 PMCID: PMC4073138 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6061929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial oligopeptides comprise a wide range of bioactive and/or toxic compounds. While current research is strongly focused on exploring new oligopeptide variants and their bioactive properties, the biological role of these compounds remains elusive. Oligopeptides production abilities show a remarkably patchy distribution among conspecific strains. This observation has prompted alternative approaches to unveil their adaptive value, based on the use of cellular oligopeptide compositions as biomarkers of intraspecific subpopulations or chemotypes in freshwater cyanobacteria. Studies addressing the diversity, distribution, and dynamics of chemotypes in natural systems have provided important insights into the structure and ecology of cyanobacterial populations and the adaptive value of oligopeptides. This review presents an overview of the fundamentals of this emerging approach and its most relevant findings, and discusses our current understanding of the role of oligopeptides in the ecology of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsy Agha
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 2, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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122
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GC constituents and relative codon expressed amino acid composition in cyanobacterial phycobiliproteins. Gene 2014; 546:162-71. [PMID: 24933001 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The genomic as well as structural relationship of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) in different cyanobacterial species are determined by nucleotides as well as amino acid composition. The genomic GC constituents influence the amino acid variability and codon usage of particular subunit of PBPs. We have analyzed 11 cyanobacterial species to explore the variation of amino acids and causal relationship between GC constituents and codon usage. The study at the first, second and third levels of GC content showed relatively more amino acid variability on the levels of G3+C3 position in comparison to the first and second positions. The amino acid encoded GC rich level including G rich and C rich or both correlate the codon variability and amino acid availability. The fluctuation in amino acids such as Arg, Ala, His, Asp, Gly, Leu and Glu in α and β subunits was observed at G1C1 position; however, fluctuation in other amino acids such as Ser, Thr, Cys and Trp was observed at G2C2 position. The coding selection pressure of amino acids such as Ala, Thr, Tyr, Asp, Gly, Ile, Leu, Asn, and Ser in α and β subunits of PBPs was more elaborated at G3C3 position. In this study, we observed that each subunit of PBPs is codon specific for particular amino acid. These results suggest that genomic constraint linked with GC constituents selects the codon for particular amino acids and furthermore, the codon level study may be a novel approach to explore many problems associated with genomics and proteomics of cyanobacteria.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Blastomonas sp. Strain CACIA 14H2, a Heterotrophic Bacterium Associated with Cyanobacteria. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e01200-13. [PMID: 24435876 PMCID: PMC3894290 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01200-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
With the new methods for assembling sequence data from metagenomic samples, the genomic study of heterotrophic bacterium-cyanobacterium associations can now be improved. In this work, the draft genome sequence of Blastomonas sp. strain CACIA 14H2, obtained from a nonaxenic culture of a Cyanobium sp., is presented.
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124
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UV radiation-induced biosynthesis, stability and antioxidant activity of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in a unicellular cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa sp. CU2556. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 130:287-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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125
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Rastogi RP, Incharoensakdi A. Analysis of UV-absorbing photoprotectant mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) in the cyanobacterium Arthrospira sp. CU2556. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1016-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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126
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Essa A, Fathy S. Sex hormonal disruption by cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:700-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M.M. Essa
- Biology Department; Faculty of Science; Jazan University; Jazan Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department; Faculty of Science; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
| | - S.M. Fathy
- Zoology Department; Faculty of Science; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
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127
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Markou G, Nerantzis E. Microalgae for high-value compounds and biofuels production: A review with focus on cultivation under stress conditions. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1532-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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128
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Rastogi RP, Sinha RP, Incharoensakdi A. Partial characterization, UV-induction and photoprotective function of sunscreen pigment, scytonemin from Rivularia sp. HKAR-4. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:1874-1878. [PMID: 23859424 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Scytonemin, located in the extracellular polysaccharide sheath of some cyanobacterial species is considered an efficient natural photoprotectant against lethal doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiations. In the present study, scytonemin from the cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. HKAR-4 was partially characterized and investigated for its induction by UV radiation as well as its role in photoprotection. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode-array detection studies revealed the presence of an UV-absorbing compound with absorption maximum at 386 nm. Based on its absorption spectrum and ion trap liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis, the compound was confirmed as scytonemin. In comparison to photosynthetically active radiation, a significant induction in the synthesis of scytonemin was found under UV-stress. Scytonemin also exhibited efficient photoprotective ability by detoxifying the in vivo reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UV radiation and by reducing the formation of thymine dimers. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the UV-screening effects of scytonemin on in vivo ROS generation and thymine dimer formation in any cyanobacterial strain. Based on these findings, we conclude that scytonemin may play a vital role in the survival and sustainability of cyanobacterial life in adverse environmental conditions such as under high solar irradiances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P Rastogi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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129
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Rodrigues M, Reis M, Mateus M. Liquid chromatography/negative electrospray ionization ion trap MS2 mass spectrometry application for the determination of microcystins occurrence in Southern Portugal water reservoirs. Toxicon 2013; 74:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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130
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Carillo S, Pieretti G, Bedini E, Parrilli M, Lanzetta R, Corsaro MM. Structural investigation of the antagonist LPS from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria planktothrix FP1. Carbohydr Res 2013; 388:73-80. [PMID: 24632212 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are aquatic and photosynthetic microorganisms, which contribute up to 30% of the yearly oxygen production on the earth. They have the distinction of being the oldest known fossils, more than 3.5 billion years old, and are one of the largest and most important groups of bacteria on earth. Cyanobacteria are an emerging source of potentially pharmacologically active products and, among these, there are the lipopolysaccharides. Despite their significant and well documented activity, very little is known about the cyanobacteria lipopolysaccharides (LPS) structure. The aim of this work is to investigate the structure of the highly TLR4-antagonist lipopolysaccharide from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria plankthotrix FP1. The LPS was purified and analysed by means of chemical analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The LPS was then degraded by Smith degradation, HF and acetic acid hydrolyses. All the obtained products were investigated in detail by chemical analysis, NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. The LPS consists of a high molecular mass and very complex molecule lacking Kdo and heptose residues, where the polysaccharide chain is mainly constituted by a backbone of 3-substituted α-l-rhamnose units. The core region is rich in galacturonic acid and mannose residues. Moreover a glycolipid portion, similar to Gram-negative lipid A, was identified. This was built up of a non phosphorylated (1'→6) linked glucosamine disaccharide, acylated with 3-hydroxylated fatty acids. In particular 3-hydroxypentadecanoic and 3-hydroxyesadecanoic acids were found, together with esadecanoic and tetradecanoic ones. Finally the presence of a galacturonic acid residue at 6-position of the distal glucosamine in place of the Kdo residue is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pieretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Parrilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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Rastogi RP, Incharoensakdi A. Characterization of UV-screening compounds, mycosporine-like amino acids, and scytonemin in the cyanobacteriumLyngbyasp. CU2555. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 87:244-56. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P. Rastogi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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Glycosylated porphyra-334 and palythine-threonine from the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3124-54. [PMID: 24065157 PMCID: PMC3801118 DOI: 10.3390/md11093124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are water-soluble UV-absorbing pigments, and structurally different MAAs have been identified in eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria. In this study novel glycosylated MAAs were found in the terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune (N. commune). An MAA with an absorption maximum at 334 nm was identified as a hexose-bound porphyra-334 derivative with a molecular mass of 508 Da. Another MAA with an absorption maximum at 322 nm was identified as a two hexose-bound palythine-threonine derivative with a molecular mass of 612 Da. These purified MAAs have radical scavenging activities in vitro, which suggests multifunctional roles as sunscreens and antioxidants. The 612-Da MAA accounted for approximately 60% of the total MAAs and contributed approximately 20% of the total radical scavenging activities in a water extract, indicating that it is the major water-soluble UV-protectant and radical scavenger component. The hexose-bound porphyra-334 derivative and the glycosylated palythine-threonine derivatives were found in a specific genotype of N. commune, suggesting that glycosylated MAA patterns could be a chemotaxonomic marker for the characterization of the morphologically indistinguishable N. commune. The glycosylation of porphyra-334 and palythine-threonine in N. commune suggests a unique adaptation for terrestrial environments that are drastically fluctuating in comparison to stable aquatic environments.
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133
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Ha MH, Pflugmacher S. Time-dependent alterations in growth, photosynthetic pigments and enzymatic defense systems of submerged Ceratophyllum demersum during exposure to the cyanobacterial neurotoxin anatoxin-a. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 138-139:26-34. [PMID: 23685387 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, aquatic macrophytes have been considered as promising tools for eco-friendly water management with a low running cost. However, only little information is available thus far regarding the metabolic capacity of macrophytes for coping with cyanobacterial toxins (cyanotoxins) in the aquatic environment. Cyanotoxins have become emerging contaminants of great concern due to the high proliferation of cyanobacteria (cyanobacterial bloom) accelerated by eutrophication and climate change. Anatoxin-a, one of the common and major cyanotoxins, is suggested as a high priority water pollutant for regulatory consideration owing to its notoriously rapid mode of action as a neurotoxin. In this study, the time-course metabolic regulation of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum (C. demersum) was investigated during exposure to anatoxin-a at an environmentally relevant concentration (15 μg/L). Biotransformation and antioxidative systems in C. demersum responded positively to anatoxin-a through the promoted synthesis of most of the involved enzymes within 8h. Maximum enzyme activities were exhibited after 24 or 48 h of exposure to anatoxin-a. However, an apparent decline in enzyme activities was also observed at longer exposure duration (168 and 336 h) in company with high steady-state levels of cell internal H₂O₂, which showed its highest level after 48 h. Meanwhile, irreversible inhibitory influence on chlorophyll content (vitality) was noticed, whereas the ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophyll was increased with the increase in exposure duration. Consequently, the reduction in growth (biomass) of C. demersum was observed in sub-chronic exposure to anatoxin-a (8 weeks). Overall results clearly indicate, on the one hand, that anatoxin-a causes negative allelopathic effects on the macrophyte by inducing oxidative stress. On the other hand, the macrophyte might have interactions with anatoxin-a, based on the prompt reaction of its enzymatic defense systems to the toxin. The result obtained from the present study could contribute to the improvement of basic knowledge about the ecological impact of anatoxin-a and the environmental fate of the toxin in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hee Ha
- Berlin Institute of Technology-BIT, Department of Ecotoxicological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Kepekçi RA, Polat S, Çelik A, Bayat N, Saygideger SD. Protective effect of Spirulina platensis enriched in phenolic compounds against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. Food Chem 2013; 141:1972-9. [PMID: 23870917 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds make up the major secondary metabolites with high pharmaceutical potential. Microalgae were reported to contain low amounts of phenolic compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of biomass of Spirulina platensis enriched in phenolic compounds. The protective effects of the biomass of S. platensis with low amounts of phenolics (SP1) and with high amounts of phenolics (SP2) against CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity were evaluated in rats. The increased levels of ALT, AST and MDA along with decreased activities of SOD and CAT were significantly (p<0.01) ameliorated by SP2. Histological examinations revealed that SP2 was more potent than SP1 in protecting the liver from toxic injury of CCl4 and preserving the hepatocyte ultrastructure. The lesions including necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration, ballooning degeneration and hepatocyte injury as irregular lamellar organisation, dilations in endoplasmic reticulums and the presence of great number of cytoplasmic vacuolization were healed by SP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remziye Aysun Kepekçi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
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135
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Gupta V, Ratha SK, Sood A, Chaudhary V, Prasanna R. New insights into the biodiversity and applications of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)—Prospects and challenges. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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136
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Makhlouf Brahmi M, Portmann C, D'Ambrosio D, Woods TM, Banfi D, Reichenbach P, Da Silva L, Baudat E, Turcatti G, Lingner J, Gademann K. Telomerase inhibitors from cyanobacteria: isolation and synthesis of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols from Microcystis aeruguinosa PCC 7806. Chemistry 2013; 19:4596-601. [PMID: 23364876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By using the Telospot assay, 27 different extracts of cyanobacteria were evaluated for telomerase inhibition. All extracts showed varying, but significant activity. We selected Microcystis aeruguinosa PCC 7806 to identify the active compound and a bioassay guided fractionation led us to isolate mixtures of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDGs), which were identified by 2D NMR and MS/MS experiments. Pure SQDG derivatives were then synthesized. The IC(50) values of pure synthetic sulfoquinovosyl dipalmitoylglycerol and the monopalmitoylated derivative against telomerase were determined to be 17 and 40 μM, respectively. A structure-activity relationship study allowed the identification of compounds with modified lipophilic acyl groups that display improved activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Makhlouf Brahmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, National Centre of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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137
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Nguyen KH, Chollet-Krugler M, Gouault N, Tomasi S. UV-protectant metabolites from lichens and their symbiotic partners. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1490-508. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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138
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Mazur-Marzec H, Kaczkowska MJ, Blaszczyk A, Akcaalan R, Spoof L, Meriluoto J. Diversity of peptides produced by Nodularia spumigena from various geographical regions. Mar Drugs 2012; 11:1-19. [PMID: 23344154 PMCID: PMC3564153 DOI: 10.3390/md11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria produce a great variety of non-ribosomal peptides. Among these compounds, both acute toxins and potential drug candidates have been reported. The profile of the peptides, as a stable and specific feature of an individual strain, can be used to discriminate cyanobacteria at sub-population levels. In our work, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to elucidate the structures of non-ribosomal peptides produced by Nodularia spumigena from the Baltic Sea, the coastal waters of southern Australia and Lake Iznik in Turkey. In addition to known structures, 9 new congeners of spumigins, 4 aeruginosins and 12 anabaenopeptins (nodulapeptins) were identified. The production of aeruginosins by N. spumigena was revealed in this work for the first time. The isolates from the Baltic Sea appeared to be the richest source of the peptides; they also showed a higher diversity in peptide profiles. The Australian strains were characterized by similar peptide patterns, but distinct from those represented by the Baltic and Lake Iznik isolates. The results obtained with the application of the peptidomic approach were consistent with the published data on the genetic diversity of the Baltic and Australian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mazur-Marzec
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, Gdynia 81-378, Poland; E-Mails: (M.J.K.); (A.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-58-523-6621; Fax: +48-58-523-6712
| | - Monika J. Kaczkowska
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, Gdynia 81-378, Poland; E-Mails: (M.J.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Agata Blaszczyk
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, Gdynia 81-378, Poland; E-Mails: (M.J.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Reyhan Akcaalan
- Faculty of Fisheries, Istanbul University, Ordu Cad. No. 200, 34470 Laleli, Istanbul, Turkey; E-Mail:
| | - Lisa Spoof
- Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku 20520, Finland; E-Mails: (L.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Department of Biosciences, Abo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku 20520, Finland; E-Mails: (L.S.); (J.M.)
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139
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Liu L, Bearden DW, Rodriguez JC, Rein KS. Biosynthesis of Athmu, a α,γ-hydroxy-β-amino acid of pahayokolides A-B. Tetrahedron Lett 2012; 53:6758-6760. [PMID: 23172981 PMCID: PMC3500633 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pahayokolides A-B are cyanobacteria derived non-ribosomal peptides which exhibit cytotoxicity against a number of cancer cell lines. The biosynthetic origin of the 3-amino-2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-10-methylundecanoic acid (Athmu) moiety has been investigated using stable isotope incorporation experiments. While α-ketoisocaproic acid (α-KIC), α-hydroxyisocaproic acid (α-HIC) and leucine all serve as precursors to Athmu, the feeding of [1-(13)C] α-KIC results in more than threefold greater (13)C enrichment than the other precursors. This result suggests that α-KIC is the immediate precursor which is selected and activated by the adenylation domain of the loading NRPS module and subsequently reduced in a fashion similar to that of the recently identified pathways for cryptophycins A-B, cereulide and valinomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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140
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Bhatia S, Garg A, Sharma K, Kumar S, Sharma A, Purohit AP. Mycosporine and mycosporine-like amino acids: A paramount tool against ultra violet irradiation. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 5:138-46. [PMID: 22279371 PMCID: PMC3263047 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.91107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Various facts demonstrated that UVB is harmful to organisms. Sunscreen compounds are usually used to prevent the excessive damage caused by UVB. However, certain photosynthetic organisms have evolved mechanisms to counteract the toxicity of ultraviolet radiation by synthesizing UV screening compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). MAAs provide UV protection to primary and secondary consumers through food chain and to non-biological materials by photostabilizing action. Information related to the ecological consequence of MAAs and their spatial distribution from a wide range of organisms is accumulating. Hence, our studies seek a potent class of natural sun protective compounds to understand their relationship with environment and to develop a protocol for large-scale industrial production of these compounds so that they can find application as UV-protecting cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, P. D. M. College of Pharmacy, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
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141
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Gupta V, Prasanna R. WITHDRAWN: Cyanobacterial bioactive molecules - Biosynthesis and genetic regulation. Microbiol Res 2012:S0944-5013(12)00091-2. [PMID: 23031424 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Gupta
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Radha Prasanna
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India.
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142
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Hashtroudi MS, Shariatmadari Z, Riahi H, Ghassempour A. Analysis of Anabaena vaginicola and Nostoc calcicola from Northern Iran, as rich sources of major carotenoids. Food Chem 2012. [PMID: 23194507 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four major carotenoids of high nutritional significance, including β-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin were determined in three isolates of heterocystous cyanobacteria, belonging to the genera Anabaena and Nostoc, isolated from Iranian terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, for the first time. The ultrasonically extracted carotenoids were identified and quantified by a rapid and sensitive isocratic HPLC method and identification was further confirmed by spiking authentic standards and the pattern of the UV-Vis spectra obtained from photo-diode array detector. The results showed that these isolates contain large amounts of four major carotenoids, especially lycopene (up to 24,570 μg/g dry weight, DW) which appears to be the highest reported amount until present; and β-carotene (up to 8133 μg/g DW) which is comparable with the best natural sources of β-carotene. Meanwhile, they are rich in the cis-isomers of lycopene and β-carotene which is important in their bioavailability and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Seyed Hashtroudi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. Evin, P.O. Box 19835-389, Tehran, Iran
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143
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Kittler K, Schreiner M, Krumbein A, Manzei S, Koch M, Rohn S, Maul R. Uptake of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in Brassica vegetables. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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144
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Rastogi RP, Kumari S, Richa, Han T, Sinha RP. Molecular characterization of hot spring cyanobacteria and evaluation of their photoprotective compounds. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:719-27. [DOI: 10.1139/w2012-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis of 4 cyanobacterial strains isolated from hot springs in Rajgir, India, was carried out using the 16S rRNA gene (1400 bp). These strains were identified as members of Chroococcales ( Cyanothece sp. strain HKAR-1) and Nostocales ( Nostoc sp. strain HKAR-2, Scytonema sp. strain HKAR-3, and Rivularia sp. strain HKAR-4). Furthermore, we evaluated the presence of ultraviolet-screening and (or) photoprotective compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and scytonemin, in these cyanobacteria by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Well-characterized MAAs, including the critical and highly polar compounds shinorine, porphyra-334, and mycosporine-glycine, as well as several unknown MAAs, were found in these hot-spring-inhabiting microorganisms. The presence of scytonemin was detected only in Scytonema sp. strain HKAR-3 and Rivularia sp. strain HKAR-4. The results indicate that hot spring cyanobacteria, namely Cyanothece, Nostoc, Scytonema, and Rivularia, belonging to different groups possess various photoprotective compounds to cope up with the negative impacts of damaging radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh P. Rastogi
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
- Division of Life Science, University of Incheon, Incheon-406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Kumari
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Richa
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Taejun Han
- Division of Life Science, University of Incheon, Incheon-406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajeshwar P. Sinha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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145
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Qin S, Lin H, Jiang P. Advances in genetic engineering of marine algae. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1602-13. [PMID: 22634258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Algae are a component of bait sources for animal aquaculture, and they produce abundant valuable compounds for the chemical industry and human health. With today's fast growing demand for algae biofuels and the profitable market for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals made from algal natural products, the genetic engineering of marine algae has been attracting increasing attention as a crucial systemic technology to address the challenge of the biomass feedstock supply for sustainable industrial applications and to modify the metabolic pathway for the more efficient production of high-value products. Nevertheless, to date, only a few marine algae species can be genetically manipulated. In this article, an updated account of the research progress in marine algal genomics is presented along with methods for transformation. In addition, vector construction and gene selection strategies are reviewed. Meanwhile, a review on the progress of bioreactor technologies for marine algae culture is also revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China.
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146
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Li W, Estrada-de los Santos P, Matthijs S, Xie GL, Busson R, Cornelis P, Rozenski J, De Mot R. Promysalin, a salicylate-containing Pseudomonas putida antibiotic, promotes surface colonization and selectively targets other Pseudomonas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 18:1320-30. [PMID: 22035801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Under control of the Gac regulatory system, Pseudomonas putida RW10S1 produces promysalin to promote its own swarming and biofilm formation, and to selectively inhibit many other pseudomonads, including the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This amphipathic antibiotic is composed of salicylic acid and 2,8-dihydroxymyristamide bridged by a unique 2-pyrroline-5-carboxyl moiety. In addition to enzymes for salicylic acid synthesis and activation, the biosynthetic gene cluster encodes divergent type II fatty acid biosynthesis components, unusual fatty acid-tailoring enzymes (two Rieske-type oxygenases and an amidotransferase), an enzyme resembling a proline-loading module of nonribosomal peptide synthetases, and the first prokaryotic member of the BAHD family of plant acyltransferases. Identification of biosynthetic intermediates enabled to propose a pathway for synthesis of this bacterial colonization factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee-Leuven 3001, Belgium
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147
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Abstract
This review covers the literature on the chemically mediated ecology of cyanobacteria, including ultraviolet radiation protection, feeding-deterrence, allelopathy, resource competition, and signalling. To highlight the chemical and biological diversity of this group of organisms, evolutionary and chemotaxonomical studies are presented. Several technologically relevant aspects of cyanobacterial chemical ecology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro N Leão
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
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148
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Sychrová E, Štěpánková T, Nováková K, Bláha L, Giesy JP, Hilscherová K. Estrogenic activity in extracts and exudates of cyanobacteria and green algae. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2012; 39:134-140. [PMID: 22208753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here is presented some of the first information on interactions of compounds produced by cyanobacteria and green algae with estrogen receptor signaling. Estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts and exudates (culture spent media with extracellular products) of seven species of cyanobacteria (10 different laboratory strains) and two algal species were assessed by use of in vitro trans-activation assays. Compounds produced by cyanobacteria and algae, and in particular those excreted from the cells, were estrogenic. Most exudates were estrogenic with potencies expressed at 50% of the maximum response under control of the estrogen receptor ranging from 0.2 to 7.2 ng 17β-estradiol (E(2)) equivalents (EEQ)/L. The greatest estrogenic potency was observed for exudates of Microcystis aerigunosa, a common species that forms water blooms. Aqueous extracts of both green algae, but only one species of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon gracile) elicited significant estrogenicity with EEQ ranging from 15 to 280 ng 17β-estradiol (E(2))/g dry weight. Scenedesmus quadricauda exudates and extracts of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were antagonistic to the ER when coexposed to E(2). The EEQ potency was not correlated with concentrations of cyanotoxins, such as microcystin and cylindrospermopsin, which suggests that the EEQ was comprised of other compounds. The study demonstrates some differences between the estrogenic potency of aqueous extracts prepared from the same species, but of different origin, while the effects of exudates were comparable within species. The observed estrogenic potencies are important namely in relation to the possible mass expansion of cyanobacteria and release of the active compounds into surrounding water.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sychrová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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149
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland J Siezen
- Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft, the Netherlands.
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150
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Abstract
Polysaccharides are ubiquitous in animals and plant cells where they play a significant role in a number of physiological situations e.g. hydration, mechanical properties of cell walls and ionic regulation. This review concentrates on heparin-like entities from marine procaryotes and eukaryotes. Carbohydrates from marine prokaryotes offer a significant structural chemodiversity with novel material and biological properties. Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative photosynthetic prokaryotes considered as a rich source of novel molecules, and marine bacteria are a rich source of polysaccharides with novel structures, which may be a good starting point from which to synthesise heparinoid molecules. For example, some sulphated polysaccharides have been isolated from gamma-proteobacteria such as Alteromonas and Pseudoalteromonas sp. In contrast to marine bacteria, all marine algae contain sulphated wall polysaccharides, whereas such polymers are not found in terrestrial plants. In their native form, or after chemical modifications, a range of polysaccharides isolated from marine organisms have been described that have anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic, anti-tumour, anti-proliferative, anti-viral or anti-inflammatory activities.In spite of the enormous potential of sulphated oligosaccharides from marine sources, their technical and pharmaceutical usage is still limited because of the high complexity of these molecules. Thus, the production of tailor-made oligo- and polysaccharidic structures by biocatalysis is also a growing field of interest in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Colliec-Jouault
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Molécules Marines, Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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