1
|
Huang D, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Wang X. Characterization of a secondary hydroxy-acyltransferase for lipid A in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127712. [PMID: 38593580 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lipid A plays a crucial role in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Previously we have reported the diversity of secondary acylation of lipid A in V. parahaemolyticus and four V. parahaemolyticus genes VP_RS08405, VP_RS01045, VP_RS12170, and VP_RS00880 exhibiting homology to the secondary acyltransferases in Escherichia coli. In this study, the gene VP_RS12170 was identified as a specific lipid A secondary hydroxy-acyltransferase responsible for transferring a 3-hydroxymyristate to the 2'-position of lipid A. Four E. coli mutant strains WHL00, WHM00, WH300, and WH001 were constructed, and they would synthesize lipid A with different structures due to the absence of genes encoding lipid A secondary acyltransferases or Kdo transferase. Then V. parahaemolyticus VP_RS12170 was overexpressed in W3110, WHL00, WHM00, WH300, and WH001, and lipid A was isolated from these strains and analyzed by using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The detailed structural changes of lipid A in these mutant strains with and without VP_RS12170 overexpression were compared and conclude that VP_RS12170 can specifically transfer a 3-hydroxymyristate to the 2'-position of lipid A. This study also demonstrated that the function of VP_RS12170 is Kdo-dependent and its favorite substrate is Kdo-lipid IVA. These findings give us better understanding the biosynthetic pathway and the structural diversity of V. parahaemolyticus lipid A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Andretta E, De Chiara S, Pagliuca C, Cirella R, Scaglione E, Di Rosario M, Kokoulin MS, Nedashkovskaya OI, Silipo A, Salvatore P, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. Increasing outer membrane complexity: the case of the lipopolysaccharide lipid A from marine Cellulophaga pacifica. Glycoconj J 2024:10.1007/s10719-024-10149-8. [PMID: 38642279 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria living in marine waters have evolved peculiar adaptation strategies to deal with the numerous stress conditions that characterize aquatic environments. Among the multiple mechanisms for efficient adaptation, these bacteria typically exhibit chemical modifications in the structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a fundamental component of their outer membrane. In particular, the glycolipid anchor to the membrane of marine bacteria LPSs, i.e. the lipid A, frequently shows unusual chemical structures, which are reflected in equally singular immunological properties with potential applications as immune adjuvants or anti-sepsis drugs. In this work, we determined the chemical structure of the lipid A from Cellulophaga pacifica KMM 3664T isolated from the Sea of Japan. This bacterium showed to produce a heterogeneous mixture of lipid A molecules that mainly display five acyl chains and carry a single phosphate and a D-mannose disaccharide on the glucosamine backbone. Furthermore, we proved that C. pacifica KMM 3664T LPS acts as a weaker activator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) compared to the prototypical enterobacterial Salmonella typhimurium LPS. Our results are relevant to the future development of novel vaccine adjuvants and immunomodulators inspired by marine LPS chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Stefania De Chiara
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Cirella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Elena Scaglione
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Martina Di Rosario
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Maxim S Kokoulin
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Olga I Nedashkovskaya
- Far Eastern Branch, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159/2, Prospect 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, 80131, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore, 436, Naples, 80131, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80100, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 4, Naples, 80126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karthikeyan D, Kumar S, Jayaprakash NS. A comprehensive review of recent developments in the gram-negative bacterial UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolase (LpxH) enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131327. [PMID: 38574903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance has provided a great challenge to treat nosocomial infections, which have become a major health threat around the globe. Lipid A (an active endotoxin component), the final product of the Raetz lipid A metabolism pathway, is a membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. It shields bacterial cells and serves as a protective barrier from antibiotics, thereby eliciting host response and making it difficult to destroy. UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphate hydrolase (LpxH), a crucial peripheral membrane enzyme of the Raetz pathway, turned out to be the potential target to inhibit the production of Lipid A. This review provides a comprehensive compilation of information regarding the structural and functional aspects of LpxH, as well as its analogous LpxI and LpxG. In addition, apart from by providing a broader understanding of the enzyme-inhibitor mechanism, this review facilitates the development of novel drug candidates that can inhibit the pathogenicity of the lethal bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divyapriya Karthikeyan
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (A Central University), Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - N S Jayaprakash
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
López-Valencia L, Moya M, Escudero B, García-Bueno B, Orio L. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide forms aggregates with apolipoproteins in male and female rat brains after ethanol binges. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100509. [PMID: 38295984 PMCID: PMC10907226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol binge drinking allows the translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gut to the blood, which activates the peripheral immune system with consequences in neuroinflammation. A possible access/direct signaling of LPS to/in the brain has not yet been described under alcohol abuse conditions. Apolipoproteins are compounds altered by alcohol with high affinity to LPS which may be involved in its transport to the brain or in its elimination. Here, we explored the expression of small components of LPS, in its free form or bound to apolipoproteins, in the brain of female and male rats exposed to alcohol binges. Animals received ethanol oral gavages (3 g/kg every 8 h) for 4 days. LPS or its components (Lipid A and core), LPS-binding protein, corticosterone, lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), apolipoproteins (ApoAI, ApoB, and ApoE), and their receptors were measured in plasma and/or in nonperfused prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum. Brain LipidA-apolipoprotein aggregates were determined by Western blotting and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. In animals exposed to alcohol binges: 1) plasma LPS-binding protein was elevated in both sexes; 2) females showed elevations in plasma ApoAI and corticosterone levels; 3) Lipid A formed aggregates with ApoAI in the female PFC and with ApoB in males, the latter showing Toll-like receptor 4 upregulation in PFC but not females. These results suggest that small bacterial components are present within the brain, forming aggregates with different apolipoproteins, depending on the sex, after alcohol binge intoxications. Results may have implications for the crosstalk between alcohol, LPS, and neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L López-Valencia
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Neuroscience and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Moya
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - B Escudero
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Neuroscience and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - B García-Bueno
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Neuroscience and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Orio
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Neuroscience and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; RIAPAd: Research network in primary care in addictions ('Red de investigación en atención primaria en adicciones'), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Velichko NS, Kokoulin MS, Dmitrenok PS, Grinev VS, Kuchur PD, Komissarov AS, Fedonenko YP. Lipopolysaccharides of Herbaspirillum species and their relevance for bacterium-host interactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129516. [PMID: 38278393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharides of Herbaspirillum lusitanum P6-12T (HlP6-12T) and H. frisingense GSF30T (HfGSF30T) was isolated by phenol-water extraction from bacterial cells and was characterized using chemical analysis and SDS-PAGE. It was shown that these bacteria produce LPSs that differ in their physicochemical properties and macromolecular organization. In this paper, the lipid A structure of the HlP6-12T LPS, was characterized through chemical analyses and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. To prove the effect of the size of micelles on their bioavailability, we examined the activity of both LPSs toward the morphology of wheat seedlings. Analysis of the HlP6-12T and HfGSF30T genomes showed no significant differences between the operons that encode proteins involved in the biosynthesis of the lipids A and core oligosaccharides. The difference may be due to the composition of the O-antigen operon. HfGSF30T has two copies of the rfb operon, with the main one divided into two fragments. In contrast, the HlP6-12T genome contains only a single rfb-containing operon, and the other O-antigen operons are not comparable at all. The integrity of O-antigen-related genes may also affect LPS variability of. Specifically, we have observed a hairpin structure in the middle of the O-antigen glycosyltransferase gene, which led to the division of the gene into two fragments, resulting in incorrect protein synthesis and potential abnormalities in O-antigen production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya S Velichko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
| | - Maxim S Kokoulin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospekt 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospekt 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav S Grinev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia; Saratov State University, 83 Ulitsa Astrakhanskaya, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Polina D Kuchur
- Applied Genomics Laboratory, SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9 Ulitsa Lomonosova, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Aleksey S Komissarov
- Applied Genomics Laboratory, SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, 9 Ulitsa Lomonosova, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Yulia P Fedonenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia; G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospekt 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Javed A, Balhuizen MD, Pannekoek A, Bikker FJ, Heesterbeek DAC, Haagsman HP, Broere F, Weingarth M, Veldhuizen EJA. Effects of Escherichia coli LPS Structure on Antibacterial and Anti-Endotoxin Activities of Host Defense Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1485. [PMID: 37895956 PMCID: PMC10609994 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of Host Defense Peptides (HDPs) to the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria has important unsolved aspects. For most HDPs, it is unclear if binding is part of the antibacterial mechanism or whether LPS actually provides a protective layer against HDP killing. In addition, HDP binding to LPS can block the subsequent TLR4-mediated activation of the immune system. This dual activity is important, considering that HDPs are thought of as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, which do not provide this dual activity. In this study, we systematically determine, for the first time, the influence of the O-antigen and Lipid A composition on both the antibacterial and anti-endotoxin activity of four HDPs (CATH-2, PR-39, PMAP-23, and PMAP36). The presence of the O-antigen did not affect the antibacterial activity of any of the tested HDPs. Similarly, modification of the lipid A phosphate (MCR-1 phenotype) also did not affect the activity of the HDPs. Furthermore, assessment of inner and outer membrane damage revealed that CATH-2 and PMAP-36 are profoundly membrane-active and disrupt the inner and outer membrane of Escherichia coli simultaneously, suggesting that crossing the outer membrane is the rate-limiting step in the bactericidal activity of these HDPs but is independent of the presence of an O-antigen. In contrast to killing, larger differences were observed for the anti-endotoxin properties of HDPs. CATH-2 and PMAP-36 were much stronger at suppressing LPS-induced activation of macrophages compared to PR-39 and PMAP-23. In addition, the presence of only one phosphate group in the lipid A moiety reduced the immunomodulating activity of these HDPs. Overall, the data strongly suggest that LPS composition has little effect on bacterial killing but that Lipid A modification can affect the immunomodulatory role of HDPs. This dual activity should be considered when HDPs are considered for application purposes in the treatment of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Javed
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (A.P.); (F.B.)
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Section of Molecular Host Defense, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.D.B.); (H.P.H.)
| | - Arianne Pannekoek
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (A.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Dani A. C. Heesterbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section of Molecular Host Defense, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.D.B.); (H.P.H.)
| | - Femke Broere
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (A.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Markus Weingarth
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (A.P.); (F.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Jiang T, Wu C, Kong Y, Ma Y, Wu J, Xie X, Zhang J, Ruan Z. Molecular epidemiology and genomic characterization of a plasmid-mediated mcr-10 and blaNDM-1 co-harboring multidrug-resistant Enterobacter asburiae. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3885-3893. [PMID: 37602227 PMCID: PMC10433016 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is considered as one of the last-resort antimicrobial agents for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Multidrug-resistant E. asburiae has been increasingly isolated from clinical patients, which posed a great challenge for antibacterial treatment. This study aimed to report a mcr-10 and blaNDM-1 co-carrying E. asburiae clinical isolate 5549 conferred a high-level resistance against colistin. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution broth method. Transferability of mcr-10 and blaNDM-1-carrying plasmids were investigated by conjugation experiments. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to identify modifications in lipid A. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis between strain 5549 and a total of 301 E. asburiae genomes retrieved from NCBI database were performed. The genetic characteristics of mcr-10 and blaNDM-1-bearing plasmids were also analyzed. Our study indicated that strain 5549 showed extensively antibiotic-resistant trait, including colistin and carbapenem resistance. The mcr-10 and blaNDM-1 were carried by IncFIB/IncFII type p5549_mcr-10 (159417 bp) and IncN type p5549_NDM-1 (63489 bp), respectively. Conjugation assays identified that only the blaNDM-1-carrying plasmid could be successfully transferred to E. coli J53. Interestingly, mcr-10 did not mediate colistin resistance when it was cloned into E. coli DH5α. Mass spectrometry analysis showed the lipid A palmitoylation of the C-lacyl-oxo-acyl chain to the chemical structure of lipid A at m/z 2063 in strain 5549. In summary, this study is the first to report a mcr-10 and blaNDM-1 co-occurrence E. asburiae recovered from China. Our investigation revealed the distribution of different clonal lineage of E. asburiae with epidemiology perspective and the underlying mechanisms of colistin resistance. Active surveillance is necessary to control the further dissemination of multidrug-resistant E. asburiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Chenghao Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilei Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xinyou Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Diagnosis and Monitoring Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sivasankar C, Hewawaduge C, Lee JH. Screening of lipid-A related genes and development of low-endotoxicity live-attenuated Salmonella gallinarum by arnT deletion that elicits immune responses and protection against fowl typhoid in chickens. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 145:104707. [PMID: 37044268 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, lipid-A gene mutants of Salmonella gallinarum (SG) were screened, and the arnT mutant exhibited optimal acidic and oxidative-stress and macrophage-survival. Modifying lipid-A by arnT-deletion resulted in significantly reduced endotoxicity, virulence, and mortality. Therefore, the arnT-deleted vaccine-candidate strain JOL2841 was constructed and demonstrated to be safe due to appropriate clearance by the chicken immune system. The reduced-endotoxicity of JOL2841 was evident from the downregulation of TNFα and IL-1β inflammatory cytokines, no inflammatory signs in organ gross-examination, and histopathological analysis. The IgY and IgA antibody titres, CD4, and CD8 T-cell population improvements, and IL-4, IL-2, and INFγ expression decipher the profound Th2 and Th1 immunogenicity. Consequently, JOL2841 exhibited prominent protection against wild-type SG challenge, as revealed by organ pathogen-load determination, organ gross-examination, and histopathological examination. Overall, the study represented the first report of arnT deficient SG resulted in negligible endotoxicity, low-virulence, safety and coordinated elicitation of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandran Sivasankar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liang Y, Li J, Xu Y, He Y, Jiang B, Wu C, Shan B, Shi H, Song G. Genomic variations in polymyxin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates and their effects on polymyxin resistance. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:655-664. [PMID: 36930447 PMCID: PMC10234930 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with P. aeruginosa, one of the most relevant opportunistic pathogens in hospital-acquired infections, can lead to high mortality due to its low antibiotic susceptibility to limited choices of antibiotics. Polymyxin as last-resort antibiotics is used in the treatment of systemic infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, so studying the emergence of polymyxin-resistant was a must. The present study was designed to define genomic differences between paired polymyxin-susceptible and polymyxin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains and established polymyxin resistance mechanisms, and common chromosomal mutations that may confer polymyxin resistance were characterized. A total of 116 CRPA clinical isolates from patients were collected from three tertiary care hospitals in China during 2017-2021. Our study found that polymyxin B resistance represented 3.45% of the isolated carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA). No polymyxin-resistant isolates were positive for mcr (1-8 and 10) gene and efflux mechanisms. Key genetic variations identified in polymyxin-resistant isolates involved missense mutations in parR, parS, pmrB, pmrA, and phoP. The waaL and PA5005 substitutions related to LPS synthesis were detected in the highest levels of resistant strain (R1). The missense mutations H398R in ParS (4/4), Y345H in PmrB (4/4), and L71R in PmrA (3/4) were the predominant. Results of the PCR further confirmed that mutation of pmrA, pmrB, and phoP individually or simultaneously did affect the expression level of resistant populations and can directly increase the expression of arnBCADTEF operon to contribute to polymyxin resistance. In addition, we reported 3 novel mutations in PA1945 (2129872_A < G, 2130270_A < C, 2130272_T < G) that may confer polymyxin resistance in P. aeruginosa. Our findings enriched the spectrum of chromosomal mutations, highlighted the complexity at the molecular level, and multifaceted interplay mechanisms underlying polymyxin resistance in P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Bin Shan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Hongqiong Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Guibo Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, 650032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khomich M, Lin H, Malinovschi A, Brix S, Cestelli L, Peddada S, Johannessen A, Eriksen C, Real FG, Svanes C, Bertelsen RJ. Association between lipid-A-producing oral bacteria of different potency and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in a Norwegian population-based adult cohort. J Transl Med 2023; 21:354. [PMID: 37246224 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid A is the primary immunostimulatory part of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. The inflammatory response of LPS varies and depends upon the number of acyl chains and phosphate groups in lipid A which is specific for a bacterial species or strain. Traditional LPS quantification assays cannot distinguish between the acylation degree of lipid A molecules, and therefore little is known about how bacteria with different inflammation-inducing potencies affect fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). We aimed to explore the association between pro-inflammatory hexa- and less inflammatory penta-acylated LPS-producing oral bacteria and FeNO as a marker of airway inflammation. METHODS We used data from a population-based adult cohort from Norway (n = 477), a study center of the RHINESSA multi-center generation study. We applied statistical methods on the bacterial community- (prediction with MiRKAT) and genus-level (differential abundance analysis with ANCOM-BC) to investigate the association between the oral microbiota composition and FeNO. RESULTS We found the overall composition to be significantly associated with increasing FeNO levels independent of covariate adjustment, and abundances of 27 bacterial genera to differ in individuals with high FeNO vs. low FeNO levels. Hexa- and penta-acylated LPS producers made up 2.4% and 40.8% of the oral bacterial genera, respectively. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity within hexa- and penta-acylated LPS-producing oral bacteria was associated with increasing FeNO levels independent of covariate adjustment. A few single penta-acylated LPS producers were more abundant in individuals with low FeNO vs. high FeNO, while hexa-acylated LPS producers were found not to be enriched. CONCLUSIONS In a population-based adult cohort, FeNO was observed to be associated with the overall oral bacterial community composition. The effect of hexa- and penta-acylated LPS-producing oral bacteria was overall significant when focusing on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity within each of the two communities and FeNO levels, but only penta-acylated LPS producers appeared to be reduced or absent in individuals with high FeNO. It is likely that the pro-inflammatory effect of hexa-acylated LPS producers is counteracted by the dominance of the more abundant penta-acylated LPS producers in this population-based adult cohort involving mainly healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryia Khomich
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Huang Lin
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrei Malinovschi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lucia Cestelli
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ane Johannessen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carsten Eriksen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francisco Gomez Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Oral Health Center of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adori M, Khoenkhoen S, Zhang J, Dopico XC, Karlsson Hedestam GB. Enhanced B Cell Receptor Signaling Partially Compensates for Impaired Toll-like Receptor 4 Responses in LPS-Stimulated IκBNS-Deficient B Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091229. [PMID: 37174629 PMCID: PMC10177494 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates dual receptor signaling by bridging the B cell receptor and Toll-like receptor 4 (BCR/TLR4). B cells from IκBNS-deficient bumble mice treated with LPS display reduced proliferative capacity and impaired plasma cell differentiation. To improve our understanding of the regulatory role of IκBNS in B cell activation and differentiation, we investigated the BCR and TLR4 signaling pathways separately by using dimeric anti-IgM Fab (F(ab')2) or lipid A, respectively. IκBNS-deficient B cells exhibited reduced survival and defective proliferative capacity in response to lipid A compared to B cells from wildtype (wt) control mice. In contrast, anti-IgM stimulation of bumble B cells resulted in enhanced viability and increased differentiation into CD138+ cells compared to control B cells. Anti-IgM-stimulated IκBNS-deficient B cells also showed enhanced cycle progression with increased levels of c-Myc and cyclin D2, and augmented levels of pCD79a, pSyk, and pERK compared to control B cells. These results suggest that IκBNS acts as a negative regulator of BCR signaling and a positive regulator of TLR4 signaling in mouse B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Adori
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharesta Khoenkhoen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingdian Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Metabolism and Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xaquin Castro Dopico
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar Pal S, Kumar S. LpxC (UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase) inhibitors: A long path explored for potent drug design. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:122960. [PMID: 36565833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections are becoming resistant to traditional antibiotics. As novel resistance mechanisms are developed and disseminated across the world, our ability to treat the most common infectious diseases is becoming increasingly compromised. As existing antibiotics are losing their effectiveness, especially treatment of bacterial infections, is difficult. In order to combat this issue, it is of utmost importance to identify novel pharmacological targets or antibiotics. LpxC, a zinc-dependent metalloamidase that catalyzes the committed step in the biosynthesis of lipid A (endotoxin) in bacteria, is a prime candidate for drug/therapeutic target. So far, the rate-limiting metallo-amidase LpxC has been the most-targeted macromolecule in the Raetz pathway. This is because it is important for the growth of these bacterial infections. This review showcases on the research done to develop efficient drugs in this area before and after the 2015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Pal
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cirella R, Pagliuca C, Pither MD, Scaglione E, Nedashkovskaya OI, Chernikov OV, Hua KF, Colicchio R, Vitiello M, Kokoulin MS, Silipo A, Salvatore P, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. Pushing the boundaries of structural heterogeneity with the lipid A of marine bacteria Cellulophaga. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300183. [PMID: 37042436 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteria, which are often described as chemical gold, are considered an exceptional source of new therapeutics. Considerable research interest has been given to lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), the main components of the Gram-negative outer membrane. LPS and its lipid A portion from marine bacteria are known to exhibit a tricky chemistry which has been often associated with intriguing properties such as behaving as immune adjuvants or anti-sepsis molecules. In this scenario, we report the structural determination of the lipid A from three marine bacteria within the Cellulophaga genus, which showed to produce an extremely heterogenous blend of tetra- to hexa-acylated lipid A species, mostly carrying one phosphate and one D-mannose on the glucosamine disaccharide backbone. The ability of the three LPSs in activating TLR4 signaling revealed a weaker immunopotential by C. baltica NNO 15840T and C. tyrosinoxydans EM41T, while C. algicola ACAM 630T behaved as a more potent TLR4 activator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cirella
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, ITALY
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, ITALY
| | - Molly Dorothy Pither
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, ITALY
| | - Elena Scaglione
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, ITALY
| | - Olga I Nedashkovskaya
- G B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry: FGBUN Tihookeanskij institut bioorganiceskoj himii imeni G B Elakova Dal'nevostocnogo otdelenia Rossijskoj akademii nauk, russian academic sciences, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Oleg V Chernikov
- G B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry: FGBUN Tihookeanskij institut bioorganiceskoj himii imeni G B Elakova Dal'nevostocnogo otdelenia Rossijskoj akademii nauk, russian academic sciences, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- National Ilan University, department of biotechnology and animal science, TAIWAN
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, ITALY
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, ITALY
| | - Maxim S Kokoulin
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry PAS: Instytut Chemii Bioorganicznej Polskiej Akademii Nauk, russian academic sciences, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alba Silipo
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, ITALY
| | - Paola Salvatore
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, ITALY
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, ITALY
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- University of Naples Federico II, Chemical Sciences, via cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, ITALY
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Islam F, Khan MSS, Ahmed S, Abdullah M, Hannan F, Chen J. OsLPXC negatively regulates tolerance to cold stress via modulating oxidative stress, antioxidant defense and JA accumulation in rice. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:2-16. [PMID: 36775108 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of crops to low temperature (LT) during emerging and reproductive stages influences their growth and development. In this study, we have isolated a cold induced, nucleus-localized lipid A gene from rice named OsLPXC, which encodes a protein of 321 amino acids. Knockout of OsLPXC resulted in enhance sensitivity to LT stress in rice, with increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage, while expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly suppressed. The accumulation of chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of knockout plants were also decreased compared with WT under LT stress. The functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), showed that numerous genes associated with antioxidant defense, photosynthesis, cold signaling were solely expressed and downregulated in oslpxc plants compared with WT under LT. The accumulation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in leave and several DEGs related to the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway were significantly downregulated in OsLPXC knockout plants, which showed differential levels of MeJA regulation in WT and knockout plants in response to cold stress. These results indicated that OsLPXC positively regulates cold tolerance in rice via stabilizing the expression and activities of ROS scavenging enzymes, photosynthetic apparatus, cold signaling genes, and jasmonate biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | | | - Sulaiman Ahmed
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun X, Hosomi K, Shimoyama A, Yoshii K, Lan H, Wang Y, Yamaura H, Nagatake T, Ishii KJ, Akira S, Kiyono H, Fukase K, Kunisawa J. TLR4 agonist activity of Alcaligenes lipid a utilizes MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways for efficient antigen presentation and T cell differentiation by dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109852. [PMID: 36806039 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcaligenes faecalis was previously identified as an intestinal lymphoid tissue-resident commensal bacteria, and our subsequent studies showed that lipopolysaccharide and its core active element (i.e., lipid A) have a potent adjuvant activity to promote preferentially antigen-specific Th17 response and antibody production. Here, we compared A. faecalis lipid A (ALA) with monophosphoryl lipid A, a licensed lipid A-based adjuvant, to elucidate the immunological mechanism underlying the adjuvant properties of ALA. Compared with monophosphoryl lipid A, ALA induced higher levels of MHC class II molecules and costimulatory CD40, CD80, and CD86 on dendritic cells (DCs), which in turn resulted in strong T cell activation. Moreover, ALA more effectively promoted the production of IL-6 and IL-23 from DCs than did monophosphoryl lipid A, thus leading to preferential induction of Th17 and Th1 cells. As underlying mechanisms, we found that the ALA-TLR4 axis stimulated both MyD88- and TRIF-mediated signaling pathways, whereas monophosphoryl lipid A was biased toward TRIF signaling. These findings revealed the effects of ALA on DCs and T cells and its induction pattern on signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Collaborative Research between NIBIOHN and Graduate School of Science, Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Huangwenxian Lan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yunru Wang
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamaura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States; Chiba University (CU)-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), UCSD, San Diego, CA, United States; Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Collaborative Research between NIBIOHN and Graduate School of Science, Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Collaborative Research between NIBIOHN and Graduate School of Science, Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell surface component of Gram-negative bacteria, and its active principle, lipid A, have immunostimulatory properties and thus potential to act as adjuvants. However, canonical LPS acts as an endotoxin by hyperstimulating the immune response. Therefore, it is necessary to structurally modify LPS and lipid A to minimize toxicity while maintaining adjuvant effects for use as vaccine adjuvants. Various studies have focused on the chemical synthetic method of lipid As and their structure-activity relationship, which are reviewed in this chapter.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang M, Su Y, Jiang Y, Huang X, Liu Q, Kong Q. Reducing the endotoxic activity or enhancing the vaccine immunogenicity by altering the length of lipid A acyl chain in Salmonella. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109575. [PMID: 36700768 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The balance of the attenuation and reactogenicity is an issue in the development of recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASV). Some reactogenic strains produced side effects are partially induced by lipid A. As reported, the number of lipid A acyl chains influence the strength and outcome of immune responses. However, there is rarely any study to investigate the modifications of acyl chain length on the effect of the toxicity and immunogenicity in Salmonella. In this study, foreign acyltransferase genes lpxA and lpxD were introduced into S. Typhimurium, which produced the S006 (ΔaraBAD::PlppCtlpxAC10) or S007 (ΔproBA::PlppSslpxDC16) strains with C10 or C16 acyl chains respectively. The results showed that the increased polymyxin B susceptibility, reduced swimming and invasion capabilities were observed in the S006. In addition, it also exhibited a lower endotoxicity and colonization ability compared to the parent strain. The result indicated the introduction of C10 acyl chains could be as a candidate choice for lipid A detoxifying strategy in engineering bacteria. However, the longer acyl chain modification didn't obviously change these abilities. Parallelly, these modifications were introduced into a Salmonella vaccine strain to determine their influences on the immune responses against Pneumonia. After inoculation by the strain V003 (ΔaraBAD ΔproBA::PlppSslpxDC16 χ9241), the mice produced robust levels of anti-PspA IgG, and a balanced Th1/Th2 immunity, which resulted in a significant survival improvement of mice with challenging against Streptococcus pneumonia. Therefore, the combination of lipid A modification with C16 acyl chain may be a better strategy for the development of ideal RASVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of veterinary medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Senevirathne A, Hewawaduge C, Sivasankar C, Lee JH. Prospective lipid-A altered live attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum confers protectivity, DIVA capability, safety and low endotoxicity against fowl typhoid. Vet Microbiol 2022; 274:109572. [PMID: 36113357 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes creating an attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) strain with reduced endotoxicity to prevent fowl typhoid. The strain was attenuated by deleting the lon, cpxR, and rfaL virulence-related genes. Endotoxicity was reduced by deleting the pagL open reading frame and replacing it with the lpxE gene derived from Francisella tularencis. Both events, (1) deletion of the pagL and (2) introduction of the lpxE genes, conferred reduced endotoxicity by detoxifying the lipid A structure. The detoxified SG strain (SGVSdt) was well tolerated in 7-day-old chicks when administered orally at 1 × 108 CFU/bird and in 14-day-old birds administered 1 × 107 CFU/bird subcutaneously. Parenteral immunization of detoxified vaccine strain was completely safe in birds and free of environmental contamination. Subcutaneous immunization conferred disease protection and induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses marked by Th1-skewed patterns similar to those produced by the commercial SG9R vaccine strain. Compared with the SG9R-based vaccine, the SGVSdt construct generated significantly fewer inflammatory TNF-α responses while significantly inducing IFN-γ cytokine levels as an indication of an adaptive antibacterial response. The differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) capability was on par with the predecessor SGVS. This study presents an appealing biological strategy to minimize lipid A-mediated endotoxicity without compromising protective efficacy against the SG challenge. Reduced endotoxicity permits the utilization of higher inoculation doses to maximize protection against fowl typhoid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Senevirathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chandran Sivasankar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pither MD, Sun ML, Speciale I, Silipo A, Zhang YZ, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. Structural determination of the lipid A from the deep-sea bacterium Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87: a small-scale approach. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:565-578. [PMID: 35930130 PMCID: PMC9470727 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 is a deep-sea sedimentary bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes, representing a new genus of Flavobacteriaceae. It was previously investigated for its capability of yielding high quantities of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) with interesting rheological properties, including high viscosity and tolerance to high salinities and temperatures. However, as a Gram-negative, Z. profunda SM-A87 also expresses lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as the main components of the external leaflet of its outer membrane. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of the glycolipid part of this LPS, i.e. the lipid A, which was achieved by-passing the extraction procedure of the full LPS and by working on the ethanol precipitation product, which contained both the CPS fraction and bacterial cells. To this aim a dual approach was adopted and all analyses confirmed the isolation of Z. profunda SM-A87 lipid A that turned out to be a blend of species with high levels of heterogeneity both in the acylation and phosphorylation pattern, as well as in the hydrophilic backbone composition. Mono-phosphorylated tetra- and penta-acylated lipid A species were identified and characterized by a high content of branched, odd-numbered, and unsaturated fatty acid chains as well as, for some species, by the presence of a hybrid disaccharide backbone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly Dorothy Pither
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luo Z, Health SL, Li M, Yang H, Wu Y, Collins M, Deeks SG, Martin JN, Scott A, Jiang W. Variation in blood microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to immune reconstitution in response to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104037. [PMID: 35500539 PMCID: PMC9065923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In HIV infection, even under long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), up to 20% of HIV-infected individuals fail to restore CD4+ T cell counts to the levels similar to those of healthy controls. The mechanisms of poor CD4+ T cell reconstitution on suppressive ART are not fully understood. METHODS Here, we tested the hypothesis that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from bacteria enriched in the plasma from immune non-responders (INRs) contributes to blunted CD4+ T cell recovery on suppressive ART in HIV. We characterized plasma microbiome in HIV INRs (aviremic, CD4+ T cell counts < 350 cells/μl), immune responders (IRs, CD4+ T cell counts > 500 cells/μl), and healthy controls. Next, we analyzed the structure of the lipid A domain of three bacterial species identified by mass spectrometry (MS) and evaluated the LPS function through LPS induced proinflammatory responses and CD4+ T cell apoptosis in PBMCs. In comparison, we also evaluated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine patterns in these three groups. At last, to study the causality of microbiome-blunted CD4+ T cell recovery in HIV, B6 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with heat-killed Burkholderia fungorum, Serratia marcescens, or Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum, twice per week for total of eight weeks. FINDINGS INRs exhibited elevated plasma levels of total microbial translocation compared to the IRs and healthy controls. The most enriched bacteria were Burkholderia and Serratia in INRs and were Phyllobacterium in IRs. Further, unlike P. myrsinacearum LPS, B. fungorum and S. marcescens LPS induced proinflammatory responses and CD4+ T cell apoptosis in PBMCs, and gene profiles of bacteria-mediated cell activation pathways in THP-1 cells in vitro. Notably, LPS structural analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that lipid A from P. myrsinacearum exhibited a divergent structure consistent with weak toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonism, similar to the biological profile of probiotic bacteria. In contrast, lipid A from B. fungorum and S. marcescens showed structures more consistent with canonical TLR4 agonists stemming from proinflammatory bacterial strains. Finally, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of inactivated B. fungorum and S. marcescens but not P. myrsinacearum resulted in cell apoptosis in mesenteric lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice in vivo. INTERPRETATION These results suggest that the microbial products are causally associated with INR phenotype. In summary, variation in blood microbial LPS immunogenicity may contribute to immune reconstitution in response to suppressive ART. Collectively, this work is consistent with immunologically silencing microbiome being causal and targetable with therapy in HIV. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID; R01 AI128864, Jiang) (NIAID; P30 AI027767, Saag/Health), the Medical Research Service at the Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center (merit grant VA CSRD MERIT I01 CX-002422, Jiang), and the National Institute of Aging (R21 AG074331, Scott). The SCOPE cohort was supported by the UCSF/Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology CFAR (P30 AI027763, Gandhi) and the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (R24 AI067039, Saag). The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1TR001450 (the pilot grant, Jiang). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwu Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sonya L Health
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Min Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Hyojik Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W. Baltimore St. Office 9209, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael Collins
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- University of California, San FranciscoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Jeffrey N Martin
- University of California, San FranciscoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Alison Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, 650 W. Baltimore St. Office 9209, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave. Charleston, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tan X, Qiao J, Li H, Huang D, Hu X, Wang X. Global metabolic regulation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus under polymyxin B stimulation. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105260. [PMID: 34688850 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is responsible for infection diseases of people who consume the contaminated seafood, but its metabolic regulation profile in response to colistin, the last treatment option for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, remains unclear. In this study, the metabolic regulation profile of V. parahaemolyticus ATCC33846 under polymyxin B stimulation has been investigated. V. parahaemolyticus exposed to polymyxin B resulted in 4597 differentially transcribed genes, including 673 significantly up-regulated genes and 569 significantly down-regulated genes. In V. parahaemolyticus under polymyxin B stimulation, the cellular antioxidant systems to prevent bacteria from oxidant stress was activated, the synthesis of some nonessential macromolecules was reduced, and the assembly and modification of lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan to resist the attack from other antibiotics were promoted. These findings provide new insights into polymyxin B-related stress response in V. parahaemolyticus which should be useful for developing novel drugs for infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hedan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Danyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Garcia-Vello P, Di Lorenzo F, Zucchetta D, Zamyatina A, De Castro C, Molinaro A. Lipopolysaccharide lipid A: A promising molecule for new immunity-based therapies and antibiotics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107970. [PMID: 34454000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main components of the external leaflet of the Gram-negative outer membrane and consist of three different moieties: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-polysaccharide. The lipid A is a glucosamine disaccharide with different levels of acylation and phosphorylation, beside carrying, in certain cases, additional substituents on the sugar backbone. It is also the main immunostimulatory part of the LPS, as its recognition by the host immune system represents a fundamental event for detection of perilous microorganisms. Moreover, an uncontrolled immune response caused by a large amount of circulating LPS can lead to dramatic outcomes for human health, such as septic shock. The immunostimulant properties of an LPS incredibly vary depending on lipid A chemical structure, and for this reason, natural and synthetic variants of the lipid A are under study to develop new drugs that mimic or antagonise its natural effects. Here, we review past and recent findings on the lipid A as an antibiotic target and immune-therapeutic molecule, with a special attention on the crucial role of the chemical structure and its exploitation for conceiving novel strategies for treatment of several immune-related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garcia-Vello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele Zucchetta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alla Zamyatina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Larrouy-Maumus G. Shotgun Bacterial Lipid A Analysis Using Routine MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2306:275-283. [PMID: 33954953 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1410-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Detection of bacterial lipids and particularly the lipid A, the lipid anchor of the lipopolysaccharide, can be very challenging and requires a certain level of expertise. Here, this chapter describes a straightforward and simple method for the analysis of bacterial lipid A. In addition, such approach, lipid fingerprint, has the potential to be applied to other bacteria such as mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pither MD, McClean S, Silipo A, Molinaro A, Di Lorenzo F. A chronic strain of the cystic fibrosis pathogen Pandoraea pulmonicola expresses a heterogenous hypo-acylated lipid A. Glycoconj J 2020; 38:135-144. [PMID: 33048281 PMCID: PMC8052242 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pandoraea sp. is an emerging Gram-negative pathogen in cystic fibrosis causing severe and persistent inflammation and damage of the lungs. The molecular mechanisms underlying the high pathogenicity of Pandoraea species are still largely unknown. As Gram-negatives, Pandoraea sp. express lipopolysaccharides (LPS) whose recognition by the host immune system triggers an inflammatory response aimed at the bacterial eradication from the infected tissues. The degree of the inflammatory response strongly relies on the fine structure of the LPS and, in particular, of its glycolipid moiety, i.e. the lipid A. Here we report the structure of the lipid A isolated from the LPS of a chronic strain of P. pulmonicola (RL 8228), one of the most virulent identified so far among the Pandoraea species. Our data demonstrated that the examined chronic strain produces a smooth-type LPS with a complex mixture of hypoacylated lipid A species displaying, among other uncommon characteristics, the 2-hydroxylation of some of the acyl chains and the substitution by an additional glucosamine on one or both the phosphate groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly D Pither
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Siobhán McClean
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin, 24, Ireland.,School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Beuerman R, Verma CS. Mechanism of polyamine induced colistin resistance through electrostatic networks on bacterial outer membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183297. [PMID: 32339485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring linear polyamines are known to enable bacteria to be resistant to cationic membrane active peptides. To understand this protective mechanism, molecular dynamics simulations are employed to probe their effect on a model bacterial outer membrane. Being protonated at physiological pH, the amine groups of the polyamine engage in favorable electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate groups of the membrane. Additionally, the amine groups form large number of hydrogen bonds with the phosphate groups. At high concentrations, these hydrogen bonds and the electrostatic network can non-covalently crosslink the lipid A molecules, resulting in stabilization of the outer membrane against membrane active antibiotics such as colistin and polymyxin B. Moreover, large polyamine molecules (e.g., spermidine) have a stronger stabilization effect than small polyamine molecules (e.g., ethylene diamine). The atomistic insights provide useful guidance for the design of next generation membrane active amine-rich antibiotics, especially to tackle the growing threat of multi-drug resistance of Gram negative bacteria.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zdorovenko EL, Kadykova AA, Shashkov AS, Varbanets LD, Bulyhina TV, Knirel YA. Lipopolysaccharide of Pantoea agglomerans 7460: O-specific polysaccharide and lipid A structures and biological activity. Carbohydr Res 2020; 496:108132. [PMID: 32861900 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from Pantoea agglomerans 7460 cells by phenol-water extraction. Mild acid degradation allowed to separate OPS and lipid A. Lipid A was analyzed by negative-ion mode ESI MS and found to consist mainly of hexaacylated derivative containing biphosphorylated GlcN disaccharide, four 14:0 (3-OH), 18:0 and 12:0 fatty acids. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide was established by chemical, NMR and computational methods: The LPS of Р. agglomerans 7460 showed low level of toxicity and pyrogenicity to compare with LPS of E. coli O55:B5 and pyrogenal, respectively. The ability of the modified (succinylated) LPS, which have lost its toxicity, to block the toxic effects of native LPS has been shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra A Kadykova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmyla D Varbanets
- D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences, 154 Zabolotnoho Str., 03143, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana V Bulyhina
- D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences, 154 Zabolotnoho Str., 03143, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ngo G, Centola M, Krasnoselska G, Pogoryelov D, Yildiz Ö, Schleiff E. LptC from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120: Expression, purification and crystallization. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 175:105689. [PMID: 32698044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides are central elements of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and as such, of cyanobacteria. In the past, the structural analysis of the system in proteobacteria like Escherichia coli has contributed to a deep understanding of the transport of lipopolysaccharides from plasma membrane to the outer membrane. While many components of the transport system are conserved between proteobacteria and cyanobacteria, the periplasmic LptC appears to be distinct. The cyanobacterial proteins are twice as long as the proteobacterial proteins or proteins from firmicutes. This prompted the question whether the structure of the cyanobacterial proteins is comparable the one of the proteobacterial proteins. To address this question, we expressed LptC from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 in E. coli as truncated protein without the transmembrane segment. We purified the protein utilizing HIS-tag based affinity chromatography and polished the protein after removal of the tag by size exclusion chromatography. The purified recombinant protein was crystallized by the sitting-drop vapor diffusion technique and best crystals, despite being twinned, diffracted to a resolution of 2.6 Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giang Ngo
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Centola
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ganna Krasnoselska
- Institute for Biochemsitry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Denys Pogoryelov
- Institute for Biochemsitry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Özkan Yildiz
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Straße 3, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kwak SH, Cochrane CS, Ennis AF, Lim WY, Webster CG, Cho J, Fenton BA, Zhou P, Hong J. Synthesis and evaluation of sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104055. [PMID: 32663666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphate hydrolase LpxH is essential in lipid A biosynthesis and has emerged as a promising target for the development of novel antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Recently, we reported the crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae LpxH in complex with 1 (AZ1), a sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitor. The analysis of the LpxH-AZ1 co-crystal structure and ligand dynamics led to the design of 2 (JH-LPH-28) and 3 (JH-LPH-33) with enhanced LpxH inhibition. In order to harness our recent findings, we prepared and evaluated a series of sulfonyl piperazine analogs with modifications in the phenyl and N-acetyl groups of 3. Herein, we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitors. We also report the structural analysis of an extended N-acyl chain analog 27b (JH-LPH-41) in complex with K. pneumoniae LpxH, revealing that 27b reaches an untapped polar pocket near the di-manganese cluster in the active site of K. pneumoniae LpxH. We expect that our findings will provide designing principles for new LpxH inhibitors and establish important frameworks for the future development of antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - C Skyler Cochrane
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Amanda F Ennis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Won Young Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Caroline G Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Jae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Benjamin A Fenton
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lo Sciuto A, Cervoni M, Stefanelli R, Mancone C, Imperi F. Effect of lipid A aminoarabinosylation on Pseudomonas aeruginosa colistin resistance and fitness. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105957. [PMID: 32278012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colistin represents the last-line treatment option against many multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Several lines of evidence indicate that aminoarabinosylation of the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential step for the development of colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, whether it is sufficient to confer resistance in this bacterium remains unclear. The aim of this work was to investigate the specific contribution of lipid A aminoarabinosylation to colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa and evaluate the effect of this resistance mechanism on bacterial fitness. Recombinant strains constitutively expressing the enzymes for lipid A aminoarabinosylation were generated in a small collection of reference and clinical isolates and verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), lipid A extraction and mass spectrometry. The effect of aminoarabinosylated lipid A on colistin resistance was found to be strain- and culture condition-dependent. Higher levels of resistance were generally obtained in the presence of divalent cations, which appear to be important for aminoarabinosylation-mediated colistin resistance. High colistin resistance was also observed for most strains in human serum and in artificial sputum medium, which should partly mimic growth conditions during infection. The results of growth, biofilm, cell envelope integrity and Galleria mellonella infection assays indicate that lipid A aminoarabinosylation does not cause relevant fitness costs in P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberta Stefanelli
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Mancone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mcilwaine C, Strachan A, Harrington Z, Jerreat M, Belfield LA, Sandor V, Foey A, Zaric S. Comparative analysis of total salivary lipopolysaccharide chemical and biological properties with periodontal status. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104633. [PMID: 31855745 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical manifestations of Gram-negative bacteria mediated diseases can be influenced by how the host senses their major microbe-associated molecular pattern, the cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Keystone periodontal pathogens can produce a heterogeneous population of LPS molecules, with strikingly different host-microbiome interactions and immune outcomes. DESIGN Structure-function correlations of salivary LPS extracts in patients with periodontitis before and after periodontal treatment and healthy volunteers were analysed by comparing its lipid A and carbohydrate chain chemical structure and evaluating its endotoxin activity and inflammatory potential. RESULTS Salivary LPS extracts from periodontitis patients were characterised by high m/z lipid A mass-spectrometry peaks, corresponding to over-acylated and phosphorylated lipid A ions and by a combination of rough and smooth LPS carbohydrate moieties. In contrast, gingival health was defined by the predominance of low m/z lipid A peaks, consistent with under-acylated and hypo-phosphorylated lipid A molecular signatures, with long and intermediate carbohydrate chains as determined by silver staining. Total, diseased salivary LPS extracts were stronger inducers of the recombinant factor C assay and triggered significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-8 and IP-10 production in THP-1 cells, compared to almost immunosilent healthy samples. Interestingly, salivary LPS architecture, endotoxin activity, and inflammatory potential were well conserved after periodontal therapy and showed similarities to diseased samples. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds new light on molecular pathogenic mechanisms of oral dysbiotic communities and indicates that the regulation of LPS chemical structure is an important mechanism that drives oral bacteria-host immune system interactions into either a symbiotic or pathogenic relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Mcilwaine
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Strachan
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Harrington
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Jerreat
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Belfield
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Viktor Sandor
- University of Pécs, Medical School, Institute of Bioanalysis, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrew Foey
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Svetislav Zaric
- University of Plymouth, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zdorovenko EL, Kadykova AA, Shashkov AS, Varbanets LD, Bulyhina TV. Pantoea agglomerans P1a lipopolysaccharide: Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide and lipid A and biological activity. Carbohydr Res 2019; 484:107767. [PMID: 31400668 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
O-specific polysaccharide and lipid A were obtained from the lipopolysaccharide from new strain of Рantoea agglomerans P1a by mild acid hydrolysis. It was found that the major form of lipid A presented by tetraacylated derivative containing biphosphorylated GlcN disaccharide, three 14:0 (3-OH) and 12:0 residues. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide was established by chemical, NMR and computational methods: →3)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Fucp-(1 → 4)-ɑ-D-Fucp-(1→The LPS of Р. agglomerans P1a showed low level of toxicity and pyrogenicity to compare with LPS of E. coli O55:B5 and pyrogenal (respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra A Kadykova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila D Varbanets
- D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences, 154 Zabolotnogo Str, 03143, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana V Bulyhina
- D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences, 154 Zabolotnogo Str, 03143, Kiev, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
With the increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter sp., the race is on for researchers to not only isolate resistant isolates but also utilize basic and applied microbiological techniques to study mechanisms of resistance. For many antibiotics, the limit of efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria is dependent on its ability to permeate the outer membrane and access its target. As such, it is critical that researchers be able to isolate and analyze the lipid components of the cell envelope from any number of Acinetobacter sp. that are either resistant or sensitive to antibiotics of interest. The following chapter provides in-depth protocols to confirm the presence or absence of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Acinetobacter sp., isolate lipid A, and glycerophospholipids and analyze them using qualitative (mass spectrometry) and semiquantitative (thin-layer chromatography) methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Powers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Carmen M Herrera
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ashley T Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Davies
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M Stephen Trent
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Masoud H. Novel adjuvants derived from attenuated lipopolysaccharides and lipid As of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria. Vaccine 2019; 37:3472-3477. [PMID: 31097350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are substances that enhance adaptive immune response to antigen. Development of a safe and effective immunostimulant adjuvant is essential for the efficacy of a vaccine to protect against infectious pathogens. Purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria exhibited nontoxic natural lipid A variants that are distinct in their chemical structures from that of the Escherichia coli-type lipid A. In this study, the adjuvant efficacy of attenuated lipid A variants and their corresponding lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), derived from purple photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodocyclus tenuis and Rhodobacter sphaeroides) were evaluated. LPS was extracted using modified phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether method and lipid A was separated by mild acid hydrolysis. Trinitrophenol (TNP) was conjugated to hen egg albumin (TNP-HEA) and used as haptenic antigen. The LPS and lipid A adjuvant candidates were formulated in oil-in-water emulsion (OIWE) and evaluated to elicit anti-TNP IgG against TNP-HEA conjugate in BALB/c female mice. The anti-TNP IgG titers were measured using ELISA. The intact LPS-based adjuvants present in OIWE formulation showed significantly higher efficacy to elicit anti-TNP IgG titers against TNP-HEA conjugate compared to their corresponding lipid A-based adjuvants. As expected, the OIWE formulations of all LPS- and lipid A-based adjuvant candidates showed higher activities compared to the aqueous formulations. Slow reduction in the levels of anti-TNP IgG antibodies in the serum was observed over 4 months after immunization using the LPS- and lipid A-based adjuvant candidates which may provide a long protection against pathogens. The attenuated LPSs and lipid A's from the photosynthetic bacteria showed promising results to develop novel safe and effective adjuvants that can evoke the immune response. The most promising adjuvant candidate was the LPS-based adjuvant from R. tenuis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Masoud
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aldapa-Vega G, Moreno-Eutimio MA, Berlanga-Taylor AJ, Jiménez-Uribe AP, Nieto-Velazquez G, López-Ortega O, Mancilla-Herrera I, Cortés-Malagón EM, Gunn JS, Isibasi A, Wong-Baeza I, López-Macías C, Pastelin-Palacios R. Structural variants of Salmonella Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide induce less dimerization of TLR4/MD-2 and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human monocytes. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:43-52. [PMID: 30959420 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) changes the structure of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in response to the environment. The two main LPS variants found in S. Typhimurium correspond to LPS with a hepta-acylated lipid A (LPS 430) and LPS with modified phosphate groups on its lipid A (LPS 435). We have previously shown that these modified LPS have a lower capacity than wild type (WT) LPS to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice. Nevertheless, it is not know if LPS 430 and LPS 435 could also subvert the innate immune responses in human cells. In this study, we found that LPS 430 and LPS 435 were less efficient than WT LPS to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by human monocytes, in addition we found a decreased dimerization of the TLR4/MD-2 complex in response to LPS 430, suggesting that structurally modified LPS are sensed differently than WT LPS by this receptor; however, LPS 430 and 435 induced similar activation of the transcription factors NF-κB p65, IRF3, p38 and ERK1/2 than WT LPS. Microarray analysis of LPS 430- and LPS 435-activated monocytes revealed a gene transcription profile with differences only in the expression levels of microRNA genes compared to the profile induced by WT LPS, suggesting that the lipid A modifications present in LPS 430 and LPS 435 have a moderate effect on the activation of the human TLR4/MD-2 complex. Our results are relevant to understand LPS modulation of immune responses and this knowledge could be useful for the development of novel adjuvants and immunomodulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Aldapa-Vega
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Programa de Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Adán Moreno-Eutimio
- Unidad de Investigación de Inmunidad e Inflamación, División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio J Berlanga-Taylor
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Alexis P Jiménez-Uribe
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Goreti Nieto-Velazquez
- Unidad de Investigación de Inmunidad e Inflamación, División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Cáncer, División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - John S Gunn
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Armando Isibasi
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular II, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Visiting Professor of Immunology. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford. UK; Mexican Translational Immunology Research Group, FOCIS Centres of Excellence, Mexico.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Strachan A, Harrington Z, McIlwaine C, Jerreat M, Belfield LA, Kilar A, Jackson SK, Foey A, Zaric S. Subgingival lipid A profile and endotoxin activity in periodontal health and disease. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3527-3534. [PMID: 30543027 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) chemical composition, particularly its lipid A domain, is an important, naturally occurring mechanism that drives bacteria-host immune system interactions into either a symbiotic or pathogenic relationship. Members of the subgingival oral microbiota can critically modulate host immuno-inflammatory responses by synthesizing different LPS isoforms. The objectives of this study were to analyze subgingival lipid A profiles and endotoxin activities in periodontal health and disease and to evaluate the use of the recombinant factor C assay as a new, lipid A-based biosensor for personalized, point-of-care periodontal therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival plaque samples were collected from healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy. Chemical composition of subgingival lipid A moieties was determined by ESI-Mass Spectrometry. Endotoxin activity of subgingival LPS extracts was assessed using the recombinant factor C assay, and their inflammatory potential was examined in THP-1-derived macrophages by measuring TNF-α and IL-8 production. RESULTS Characteristic lipid A molecular signatures, corresponding to over-acylated, bi-phosphorylated lipid A isoforms, were observed in diseased samples. Healthy and post-treatment samples were characterized by lower m/z peaks, related to under-acylated, hypo-phosphorylated lipid A structures. Endotoxin activity levels and inflammatory potentials of subgingival LPS extracts from periodontitis patients were significantly higher compared to healthy and post-treatment samples. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to consider structure-function-clinical implications of different lipid A isoforms present in the subgingival niche and sheds new light on molecular pathogenic mechanisms of subgingival biofilm communities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Subgingival endotoxin activity (determined by lipid A chemical composition) could be a reliable, bacterially derived biomarker and a risk assessment tool for personalized periodontal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Strachan
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Zoe Harrington
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Clare McIlwaine
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Matthew Jerreat
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Louise A Belfield
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Aniko Kilar
- Medical School, Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Simon K Jackson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Andrew Foey
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Svetislav Zaric
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lv J, Mohsin M, Lei S, Srinivas S, Wiqar RT, Lin J, Feng Y. Discovery of a mcr-1-bearing plasmid in commensal colistin-resistant Escherichia coli from healthy broilers in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Virulence 2018; 9:994-999. [PMID: 29667494 PMCID: PMC6037438 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1462060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lv
- a School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- b Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Sheng Lei
- a School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China.,c Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | | | - Raja Talish Wiqar
- b Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Jingxia Lin
- c Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Youjun Feng
- a School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China.,c Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,e College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ding S, Han X, Li J, Gao W, Chen Z, Feng Y. Discovery of multi-drug resistant, MCR-1 and ESBL-coproducing ST117 Escherichia coli from diseased chickens in northeast China. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1059-1066. [PMID: 36755458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An endemic multi-drug resistant ST117 E. coli isolate coproducing MCR-1 and 3 ESBL loci was, for the first time, detected from diseased chicken, Liaoning Province, in Northeast China, from 2011 to 2012. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 5 unique plasmids, namely pHXH-1, pHXH-2, pHXH-3, pHXH-4 and pHXH-5). Among them, pHXH1 and pHXH4 encode ESBL, and pHXH-5 mediates MCR-1 colistin resistance. The results indicate that the potentially-national dissemination of MCR-1-positive pathogens with pan-drug resistance proceeds via food chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Ding
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaohu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Weifan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonotic of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Youjun Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Casillo A, Ziaco M, Lindner B, Parrilli E, Schwudke D, Holgado A, Beyaert R, Lanzetta R, Tutino ML, Corsaro MM. Lipid A structural characterization from the LPS of the Siberian psychro-tolerant Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 grown at low temperature. Extremophiles 2018; 22:955-963. [PMID: 30128707 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a 20,000-to-30,000-year-old continuously frozen permafrost in the Kolyma region in Siberia. The survival strategies adopted to live at subzero temperatures include all the outer membrane molecules. A strategic involvement in the well-known enhancement of cellular membrane fluidity is attributable to the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). These molecules covering about the 75% of cellular surface contribute to cold adaptation through structural modifications in their portions. In this work, we elucidated the exact structure of lipid A moiety obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of P. arcticus grown at 4 °C, to mimic the response to the real environment temperatures. The lipid A was obtained from the LPS by mild acid hydrolysis. The lipid A and its partially deacylated derivatives were exhaustively characterized by chemical analysis and by means of ESI Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Moreover, biological assays indicated that P. arcticus 273-4 lipid A may behave as a weak TLR4 agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Buko Lindner
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 10, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 10, 23845, Borstel, Germany
| | - Aurora Holgado
- Unit for Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit for Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu Y, Zhong LL, Srinivas S, Sun J, Huang M, Paterson DL, Lei S, Lin J, Li X, Tang Z, Feng S, Shen C, Tian GB, Feng Y. Spread of MCR-3 Colistin Resistance in China: An Epidemiological, Genomic and Mechanistic Study. EBioMedicine 2018; 34:139-157. [PMID: 30061009 PMCID: PMC6116419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobilized resistance to colistin is evolving rapidly and its global dissemination poses a severe threat to human health and safety. Transferable colistin resistance gene, mcr-3, first identified in Shandong, China, has already been found in several countries in multidrug-resistant human infections. Here we track the spread of mcr-3 within 13 provinces in China and provide a complete characterization of its evolution, structure and function. METHODS A total of 6497 non-duplicate samples were collected from thirteen provinces in China, from 2016 to 2017 and then screened for the presence of mcr-3 gene by PCR amplification. mcr-3-positive isolates were analyzed for antibiotic resistance and by southern blot hybridization, transfer analysis and plasmid typing. We then examined the molecular evolution of MCR-3 through phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, we also characterized the structure and function of MCR-3 through circular dichroism analyses, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS), confocal microscopy and chemical rescue tests. FINDINGS 49 samples (49/6497 = 0.75%) were mcr-3 positive, comprising 40 samples (40/4144 = 0.97%) from 2017 and 9 samples (9/2353 = 0.38%) from 2016. Overall, mcr-3-positive isolates were distributed in animals and humans in 8 of the 13 provinces. Three mcr-3-positive IncP-type and one mcr-1-bearing IncHI2-like plasmids were identified and characterized. MCR-3 clusters with PEA transferases from Aeromonas and other bacteria and forms a phylogenetic entity that is distinct from the MCR-1/2/P(M) family, the largest group of transferable colistin resistance determinants. Despite that the two domains of MCR-3 not being exchangeable with their counterparts in MCR-1/2, structure-guided functional mapping of MCR-3 defines a conserved PE-lipid recognizing cavity prerequisite for its enzymatic catalysis and its resultant phenotypic resistance to colistin. We therefore propose that MCR-3 uses a possible "ping-pong" mechanism to transfer the moiety of PEA from its donor PE to the 1(or 4')-phosphate of lipid A via an adduct of MCR-3-bound PEA. Additionally, the expression of MCR-3 in E. coli prevents the colistin-triggered formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interferes bacterial growth and viability. INTERPRETATION Our results provide an evolutionary, structural and functional definition of MCR-3 and its epidemiology in China, paving the way for smarter policies, better surveillance and effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhong
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Swaminath Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - David L Paterson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Building 71/918, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Sheng Lei
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingxia Lin
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Zichen Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Oyler BL, Khan MM, Smith DF, Harberts EM, Kilgour DPA, Ernst RK, Cross AS, Goodlett DR. Top Down Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analysis of a Chemically Modified Rough-Type Lipopolysaccharide Vaccine Candidate. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2018; 29:1221-1229. [PMID: 29464544 PMCID: PMC8294406 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-1897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biology have led to its use in drug discovery pipelines, including vaccine and vaccine adjuvant discovery. Desirable characteristics for LPS vaccine candidates include both the ability to produce a specific antibody titer in patients and a minimal host inflammatory response directed by the innate immune system. However, in-depth chemical characterization of most LPS extracts has not been performed; hence, biological activities of these extracts are unpredictable. Additionally, the most widely adopted workflow for LPS structure elucidation includes nonspecific chemical decomposition steps before analyses, making structures inferred and not necessarily biologically relevant. In this work, several different mass spectrometry workflows that have not been previously explored were employed to show proof-of-principle for top down LPS primary structure elucidation, specifically for a rough-type mutant (J5) E. coli-derived LPS component of a vaccine candidate. First, ion mobility filtered precursor ions were subjected to collision induced dissociation (CID) to define differences in native J5 LPS v. chemically detoxified J5 LPS (dLPS). Next, ultra-high mass resolving power, accurate mass spectrometry was employed for unequivocal precursor and product ion empirical formulae generation. Finally, MS3 analyses in an ion trap instrument showed that previous knowledge about dissociation of LPS components can be used to reconstruct and sequence LPS in a top down fashion. A structural rationale is also explained for differential inflammatory dose-response curves, in vitro, when HEK-Blue hTLR4 cells were administered increasing concentrations of native J5 LPS v. dLPS, which will be useful in future drug discovery efforts. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Oyler
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mohd M Khan
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Donald F Smith
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Erin M Harberts
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - David P A Kilgour
- Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alan S Cross
- Center for Vaccine Development, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Pharmacy Hall North Room 623, 20 N. Pine St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gregg KA, Harberts E, Gardner FM, Pelletier MR, Cayatte C, Yu L, McCarthy MP, Marshall JD, Ernst RK. A lipid A-based TLR4 mimetic effectively adjuvants a Yersinia pestis rF-V1 subunit vaccine in a murine challenge model. Vaccine 2018; 36:4023-4031. [PMID: 29861179 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination can significantly reduce worldwide morbidity and mortality to infectious diseases, thereby reducing the health burden as a result of microbial infections. Effective vaccines contain three components: a delivery system, an antigenic component of the pathogen, and an adjuvant. With the growing use of purely recombinant or synthetic antigens, there is a need to develop novel adjuvants that enhance the protective efficacy of a vaccine against infection. Using a structure-activity relationship (SAR) model, we describe here the synthesis of a novel TLR4 ligand adjuvant compound, BECC438, by bacterial enzymatic combinatorial chemistry (BECC). This compound was identified using an in vitro screening pipeline consisting of (i) NFκB activation and cytokine production by immortalized cell lines, (ii) cytokine production by primary human PBMCs, and (iii) upregulation of surface costimulatory markers by primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Using this SAR screening regimen, BECC438 was shown to produce an innate immune activation profile comparable to the well-characterized TLR4 agonist adjuvant compound, phosphorylated hexa-acyl disaccharide (PHAD). To evaluate the in vivo adjuvant activity of BECC438, we used the known protective Yersinia pestis (Yp) antigen, rF1-V, in a murine prime-boost vaccination schedule followed by lethal challenge. In addition to providing protection from lethal challenge, BECC438 stimulated production of higher levels of rF1-V-specific total IgG as compared to PHAD after both prime and boost vaccinations. Similar to PHAD, BECC438 elicited a balanced IgG1/IgG2c response, indicative of active TH2/TH1-driven immunity. These data demonstrate that the novel BECC-derived TLR4L adjuvant, BECC438, elicits cytokine profiles in vitro similar to PHAD, induces high antigen-specific immune titers and a TH1-associated IgG2c immune titer skew, and protects mice against a lethal Yp challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Gregg
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin Harberts
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesca M Gardner
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark R Pelletier
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Li Yu
- Statistical Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Robert K Ernst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
White KM, Matthews MK, Hughes RC, Sommer AJ, Griffitts JS, Newell PD, Chaston JM. A Metagenome-Wide Association Study and Arrayed Mutant Library Confirm Acetobacter Lipopolysaccharide Genes Are Necessary for Association with Drosophila melanogaster. G3 (Bethesda) 2018; 8:1119-27. [PMID: 29487183 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A metagenome wide association (MGWA) study of bacterial host association determinants in Drosophila predicted that LPS biosynthesis genes are significantly associated with host colonization. We were unable to create site-directed mutants for each of the predicted genes in Acetobacter, so we created an arrayed transposon insertion library using Acetobacter fabarum DsW_054 isolated from Drosophila. Creation of the A. fabarum DsW_054 gene knock-out library was performed by combinatorial mapping and Illumina sequencing of random transposon insertion mutants. Transposon insertion locations for 6,418 mutants were successfully mapped, including hits within 63% of annotated genes in the A. fabarum DsW_054 genome. For 45/45 members of the library, insertion sites were verified by arbitrary PCR and Sanger sequencing. Mutants with insertions in four different LPS biosynthesis genes were selected from the library to validate the MGWA predictions. Insertion mutations in two genes biosynthetically upstream of Lipid-A formation, lpxC and lpxB, show significant differences in host association, whereas mutations in two genes encoding LPS biosynthesis functions downstream of Lipid-A biosynthesis had no effect. These results suggest an impact of bacterial cell surface molecules on the bacterial capacity for host association. Also, the transposon insertion mutant library will be a useful resource for ongoing research on the genetic basis for Acetobacter traits.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lima WG, Alves MC, Cruz WS, Paiva MC. Chromosomally encoded and plasmid-mediated polymyxins resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: a huge public health threat. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29524060 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial and community infections of great clinical relevance. Its ability to rapidly develop resistance to antimicrobials, especially carbapenems, has re-boosted the prescription and use of polymyxins. However, the emergence of strains resistant to these antimicrobials is becoming a critical issue in several regions of the world because very few of currently available antibiotics are effective in these cases. This review summarizes the most up-to-date knowledge about chromosomally encoded and plasmid-mediated polymyxins resistance in A. baumannii. Different mechanisms are employed by A. baumannii to overcome the antibacterial effects of polymyxins. Modification of the outer membrane through phosphoethanolamine addition, loss of lipopolysaccharide, symmetric rupture, metabolic changes affecting osmoprotective amino acids, and overexpression of efflux pumps are involved in this process. Several genetic elements modulate these mechanisms, but only three of them have been described so far in A. baumannii clinical isolates such as mutations in pmrCAB, lpxACD, and lpsB. Elucidation of genotypic profiles and resistance mechanisms are necessary for control and fight against resistance to polymyxins in A. baumannii, thereby protecting this class for future treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Gustavo Lima
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Central-West Campus Dona Lindu, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Divinopolis, Minas Gerais, 35501-293, Brazil.
| | - Mara Cristina Alves
- Laboratory of Laboratorial Diagnostic and Clinical Microbiology, Central-West Campus Dona Lindu, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Waleska Stephanie Cruz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Celular Biology, Alto Paraopeba Campus, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Ouro Branco, MG, Brazil
| | - Magna Cristina Paiva
- Laboratory of Laboratorial Diagnostic and Clinical Microbiology, Central-West Campus Dona Lindu, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinopolis, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Baron S, Leulmi Z, Villard C, Olaitan AO, Telke AA, Rolain JM. Inactivation of the arn operon and loss of aminoarabinose on lipopolysaccharide as the cause of susceptibility to colistin in an atypical clinical isolate of proteus vulgaris. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 51:450-457. [PMID: 29203405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colistin has become a last-line antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections; however, resistance to colistin has emerged in recent years. Some bacteria, such as Proteus and Serratia spp., are intrinsically resistant to colistin although the exact mechanism of resistance is unknown. Here we identified the molecular support for intrinsic colistin resistance in Proteus spp. by comparative genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of colistin-susceptible (CSUR P1868_S) and colistin-resistant (CSUR P1867_R) strains of an atypical Proteus vulgaris. A significant difference in outer membrane glycoside structures in both strains that was corroborated by MALDI-TOF/MS analysis was found, which showed an absence of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (L-Ara4N) in the outer membrane lipid A moiety of the susceptible strain. Comparative genomic analysis with other resistant strains of P. vulgaris available in a local database found a mutation in the arnBCADTEF operon of the susceptible strain. Transcriptomic analysis of genes belonging to the arnBCADTEF operon showed a significant decrease in mRNA expression level of these genes in the susceptible strain, supporting addition of L-Ara4N in the outer membrane lipid A moiety as an explanation for colistin resistance. Insertion of the arnD gene that was suggested to be altered in the susceptible strain by in silico analysis led to a 16-fold increase of colistin MIC in the susceptible strain, confirming its role in colistin resistance in this species. Here we show that constitutive activation of the arn operon and addition of L-Ara4N is the main molecular mechanism of colistin resistance in P. vulgaris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Baron
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Zineb Leulmi
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Claude Villard
- Aix-Marseille Université, Plateforme Protéomique et Innovation Technologique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385 CEDEX 05, France
| | - Abiola Olumuyiwa Olaitan
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Amar A Telke
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Casabuono AC, Czibener C, Del Giudice MG, Valguarnera E, Ugalde JE, Couto AS. New Features in the Lipid A Structure of Brucella suis and Brucella abortus Lipopolysaccharide. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2017; 28:2716-2723. [PMID: 28924631 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brucellaceae are Gram-negative bacteria that cause brucellosis, one of the most distributed worldwide zoonosis, transmitted to humans by contact with either infected animals or their products. The lipopolysaccharide exposed on the cell surface has been intensively studied and is considered a major virulence factor of Brucella. In the last years, structural studies allowed the determination of new structures in the core oligosaccharide and the O-antigen of this lipopolysaccharide. In this work, we have reinvestigated the lipid A structure isolated from B. suis and B. abortus lipopolysaccharides. A detailed study by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the positive and negative ion modes of the lipid A moieties purified from both species was performed. Interestingly, a new feature was detected: the presence of a pyrophosphorylethanolamine residue substituting the backbone. LID-MS/MS analysis of some of the detected ions allowed assurance that the Lipid A structure composed by the diGlcN3N disaccharide, mainly hexa-acylated and penta-acylated, bearing one phosphate and one pyrophosphorylethanolamine residue. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Casabuono
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428GA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Czibener
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-INTECH, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela G Del Giudice
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-INTECH, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Valguarnera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-INTECH, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-INTECH, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia S Couto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigación en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428GA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zdorovenko EL, Kadykova AA, Shashkov AS, Varbanets LD, Bulyhina TV, Knirel YA. Lipopolysaccharides of Pantoea agglomerans 7604 and 8674 with structurally related O-polysaccharide chains: Chemical identification and biological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:386-393. [PMID: 29253987 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Structurally related O-specific polysaccharide (O-antigen) and lipid A components were obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of two strains of bacteria Pantoea agglomerans, 7604 and 8674. Studies by sugar analysis along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy enabled elucidation of the following structures of the O-polysaccharides, which differ only in the linkage configuration of a side-chain glucose residue: R=α-d-Glcp in strain 7604 or β-d-Glcp in strain 8674 Lipid A samples were studied by GC-MS and high-resolution ESI-MS and found to be represented by penta- and tetra-acyl species; lipid A of strain 8674 also included hexaacyl species. A peculiar feature of lipid A of both strains is the presence of the major cis-9-hexadecenoic (palmitoleic) acid, which has not been found in P. agglomerans strains studied earlier. The LPSs of both strains were pyrogenic, reduced the average adhesion and the index of adhesiveness and showed a relatively low level of lethal toxicity. O-antiserum against strain 7604 showed one-way cross-reactivity with the LPS of strain 8674, and O-antisera against both strains cross-reacted with LPSs of some other Р. agglomerans strains but more strains were serologically unrelated. These structural and serological data indicate immunochemical heterogeneity of Р. agglomerans strains and will find demand in classification of Р. agglomerans by O-antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina L Zdorovenko
- N.D Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra A Kadykova
- N.D Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N.D Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila D Varbanets
- D.K Zabolotny Insitute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana V Bulyhina
- D.K Zabolotny Insitute of Microbiology and Virology of the National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kokoulin MS, Sokolova EV, Elkin YN, Romanenko LA, Mikhailov VV, Komandrova NA. Partial structure and immunological properties of lipopolysaccharide from marine-derived Pseudomonas stutzeri KMM 226. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1569-80. [PMID: 28668995 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The partial structure and immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas stutzeri KMM 226, a bacterium isolated from a seawater sample collected at a depth of 2000 m, was characterised. The O-polysaccharide was built up of disaccharide repeating units constituted by L-Rhap and D-GlcpNAc: →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→. The structural analysis of the lipid A showed a mixture of different species. The major species were hexa-acylated and penta-acylated lipids A, bearing the 12:0(3-OH) in amide linkage and 10:0(3-OH) in ester linkage, while the secondary fatty acids were present only as 12:0. The presence of 12:0(2-OH) was not detected. The immunology experiments demonstrated that P. stutzeri KMM 226 LPS displayed a low ability to induce TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokine production and acted as an antagonist of hexa-acylated Escherichia coli LPS in human blood in vitro.
Collapse
|
48
|
Crittenden CM, Akin LD, Morrison LJ, Trent MS, Brodbelt JS. Characterization of Lipid A Variants by Energy-Resolved Mass Spectrometry: Impact of Acyl Chains. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2017; 28:1118-1126. [PMID: 27966172 PMCID: PMC5438766 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid A molecules consist of a diglucosamine sugar core with a number of appended acyl chains that vary in their length and connectivity. Because of the challenging nature of characterizing these molecules and differentiating between isomeric species, an energy-resolved MS/MS strategy was undertaken to track the fragmentation trends and map genealogies of product ions originating from consecutive cleavages of acyl chains. Generalizations were developed based on the number and locations of the primary and secondary acyl chains as well as variations in preferential cleavages arising from the location of the phosphate groups. Secondary acyl chain cleavage occurs most readily for lipid A species at the 3' position, followed by primary acyl chain fragmentation at both the 3' and 3 positions. In the instances of bisphosphorylated lipid A variants, phosphate loss occurs readily in conjunction with the most favorable primary and secondary acyl chain cleavages. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas D Akin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - M Stephen Trent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yun J, Wang X, Zhang L, Li Y. Effects of lipid A acyltransferases on the pathogenesis of F. novicida. Microb Pathog 2017; 109:313-8. [PMID: 28478203 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Francisella novicida is a gram-negative pathogen commonly used to study infections by the potential bioterrorism agent, Francisella tularensis. The Francisella lipid A structure has been well characterized and showed to affect the pathogenesis of F. novicida. Previous work characterized two lipid A acyltransferases, LpxD1 and LpxD2, and constructed the lpxD1-null and lpxD2-null mutants. Mutational analysis showed the lpxD1-null mutant was attenuated in mice and subsequently exhibited protection against a lethal WT challenge. However, details as how the virulence has been changed have remained elusive. This study aims to analyze effects of lipid A acyltransferases on the pathogenesis of F. novicida. MS and MSn were conducted to confirm the lipid A structures of lpxD1-null and lpxD2-null mutants. The stress tolerance, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation level, intracellular survival and replication ability and cytotoxicity of lpxD1-null and lpxD2-null mutants were analyzed. The results suggested the lpxD1-null mutant with shorter acyl chains in lipid A is more sensitive to various environmental stresses than F. novicida and lpxD2-null mutant. In addition, the lpxD1-null mutant fails to survive and replicate in cells and shows lower cytotoxicity to infected cells. This study provides insights into the pathogenesis of F. novicida.
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen G, Xu Y, Jing J, Mackie B, Zheng X, Zhang X, Wang J, Li X. The anti-sepsis activity of the components of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction with high lipid A-binding affinity. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:87-96. [PMID: 28278436 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD), one of the classic recipes for relieving toxicity and fever, is a common method for treating sepsis in China. However, the effective components of HJD have not yet been identified. This experiment was carried out to elucidate the effective components of HJD against sepsis. Thus, seven fractions from HJD were tested using a biosensor to test their affinity for lipid A. The components obtained that had high lipid A-binding fractions were further separated, and their affinities to lipid A were assessed with the aid of a biosensor. The levels of LPS in the blood were measured, and pathology experiments were conducted. The LPS levels and mRNA expression analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 of the cell supernatant and animal tissue were evaluated to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Palmatine showed the highest affinity to lipid A and was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results of the in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the levels of LPS, TNF-α and IL-6 of the palmatine group were significantly lower than those of the sepsis model group (p<0.01). The group treated with palmatine showed strong neutralizing LPS activity in vivo. The palmatine group exhibited stronger protective activity on vital organs compared to the LPS-induced animal model. This verifies that HJD is a viable treatment option for sepsis given that there are multiple components in HJD that neutralize LPS, decrease the release of IL-6 and TNF-α induced by LPS, and protect vital organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD port, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yubin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Jing Jing
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD port, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Brianna Mackie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 23219, USA
| | - Xinchuan Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD port, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD port, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xuetao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD port, Dalian 116600, China
| |
Collapse
|