1
|
Ko B, Jang Y, Kwak SH, You H, Kim JH, Lee JE, Park HD, Kim SK, Goddard WA, Han JH, Kim YC. Discovery of 3-Phenyl Indazole-Based Novel Chemokine-like Receptor 1 Antagonists for the Treatment of Psoriasis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14564-14582. [PMID: 37883692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)─a G protein-coupled receptor─has functional roles in the immune system and related diseases, including psoriasis and metabolic diseases. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by skin redness, scaliness, and itching. In this study, we sought to develop novel CMKLR1 antagonists by screening our in-house GPCR-targeting compound library. Moreover, we optimized a phenylindazole-based hit compound with antagonistic activities and evaluated its oral pharmacokinetic properties in a murine model. A structure-based design on the human CMKLR1 homology model identified S-26d as an optimized compound that serves as a potent and orally available antagonist with a pIC50 value of 7.44 in hCMKLR1-transfected CHO cells. Furthermore, in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, oral administration of S-26d for 1 week significantly alleviated modified psoriasis area and severity index scores (severity of erythema, scaliness, skin thickness) compared with the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Ko
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Kwak
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun You
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jung Hyun Han
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Saint John of God Hospital, Gwangju 61245, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Center for AI-Applied High Efficiency Drug Discovery (AHEDD), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwak SH, Cochrane CS, Cho J, Dome PA, Ennis AF, Kim JH, Zhou P, Hong J. Development of LpxH inhibitors chelating the active site di-manganese metal cluster of LpxH. ChemMedChem 2023:e202300023. [PMID: 37014664 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant nosocomial Gram-negative bacterial infections and the major public health threat it brings, no new class of antibiotics for Gram-negative pathogens has been approved over the past five decades. Therefore, there is an urgent medical need for developing effective novel antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens by targeting previously unexploited pathways in these bacteria. To fulfill this crucial need, we have been investigating a series of sulfonyl piperazine compounds targeting LpxH, a di-manganese-containing UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine hydrolase in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway, as novel antibiotics against clinically important Gram-negative pathogens. Inspired by a detailed structural analysis of our previous LpxH inhibitors in complex with K. pneumoniae LpxH (KpLpxH), here we report the development and structural validation of the first-in-class sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitors, JH-LPH-45 (8) and JH-LPH-50 (13), that achieve chelation of the active site di-manganese cluster of KpLpxH. The chelation of the di-manganese cluster significantly improves the potency of JH-LPH-45 (8) and JH-LPH-50 (13). We expect that further optimization of these proof-of-concept di-manganese-chelating LpxH inhibitors will ultimately lead to the development of more potent LpxH inhibitors for targeting multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae Cho
- Duke University School of Medicine, Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | - Pei Zhou
- Duke University School of Medicine, Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Duke University, Dept. of Chemistry, 124 Science Drive, 3220 FFSC, Box 90346, 27708, Durham, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jung J, Lim SY, Lee J, Bae S, Lim YJ, Hong MJ, Kwak SH, Kim EO, Sung H, Kim MN, Bae JY, Park MS, Kim SH. Clustering and multiple-spreading events of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. J Hosp Infect 2021; 117:28-36. [PMID: 34453983 PMCID: PMC8384763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence that super-spreading events (SSEs) and multiple-spreading events (MSEs) are a characteristic feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, data regarding the possibility of SSEs or MSEs in healthcare settings are limited. Methods This study was performed at a tertiary-care hospital in Korea. We analysed the nosocomial COVID-19 cases that occurred in healthcare workers and inpatients and their caregivers between January and 20th December 2020. Cases with two to four secondary cases were defined as MSEs and those with five or more secondary cases as SSEs. Findings We identified 21 nosocomial events (single-case events, N = 12 (57%); MSE + SSE, N = 9 (43%)) involving 65 individuals with COVID-19. Of these 65 individuals, 21 (32%) were infectors. The infectors tended to have a longer duration between symptom onset and diagnostic confirmation than did the non-infectors (median two days vs zero days, P=0.08). Importantly, 12 (18%) individuals were responsible for MSEs and one (2%) for an SSE, which collectively generated 35 (54%) secondary cases. Conclusion In a hospital with thorough infection-control measures, approximately 70% of the nosocomial cases of COVID-19 did not generate secondary cases, and one-fifth of the infectors were responsible for SSEs and MSEs, which accounted for approximately half of the total cases. Early case identification, isolation, and extensive contact tracing are important for the prevention of transmission and SSEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Office for Infection Control, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Lim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Bae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Lim
- Office for Infection Control, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Hong
- Office for Infection Control, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kwak
- Office for Infection Control, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E O Kim
- Office for Infection Control, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Sung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M-N Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-Y Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M-S Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Biosafety Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - S-H Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Office for Infection Control, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwak SH, Lim WY, Hao A, Mashalidis EH, Kwon DY, Jeong P, Kim MJ, Lee SY, Hong J. Synthesis and evaluation of cyclopentane-based muraymycin analogs targeting MraY. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113272. [PMID: 33607457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most challenging global health issues and presents an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics. In this regard, phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase (MraY), an essential enzyme in the early stages of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, has emerged as a promising new antibiotic target. We recently reported the crystal structures of MraY in complex with representative members of naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics, including muraymycin D2. However, these nucleoside antibiotics are synthetically challenging targets, which limits the scope of medicinal chemistry efforts on this class of compounds. To gain access to active muraymycin analogs with reduced structural complexity and improved synthetic tractability, we prepared and evaluated cyclopentane-based muraymycin analogs for targeting MraY. For the installation of the 1,2-syn-amino alcohol group of analogs, the diastereoselective isocyanoacetate aldol reaction was explored. The structure-activity relationship analysis of the synthesized analogs suggested that a lipophilic side chain is essential for MraY inhibition. Importantly, the analog 20 (JH-MR-23) showed antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings provide insights into designing new muraymycin-based MraY inhibitors with improved chemical tractability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Won Young Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Aili Hao
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Ellene H Mashalidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Do-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Pyeonghwa Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Mi Jung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States.
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kwak SH, Cochrane CS, Ennis AF, Lim WY, Webster CG, Cho J, Fenton BA, Zhou P, Hong J. Synthesis and evaluation of sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104055. [PMID: 32663666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphate hydrolase LpxH is essential in lipid A biosynthesis and has emerged as a promising target for the development of novel antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Recently, we reported the crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae LpxH in complex with 1 (AZ1), a sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitor. The analysis of the LpxH-AZ1 co-crystal structure and ligand dynamics led to the design of 2 (JH-LPH-28) and 3 (JH-LPH-33) with enhanced LpxH inhibition. In order to harness our recent findings, we prepared and evaluated a series of sulfonyl piperazine analogs with modifications in the phenyl and N-acetyl groups of 3. Herein, we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitors. We also report the structural analysis of an extended N-acyl chain analog 27b (JH-LPH-41) in complex with K. pneumoniae LpxH, revealing that 27b reaches an untapped polar pocket near the di-manganese cluster in the active site of K. pneumoniae LpxH. We expect that our findings will provide designing principles for new LpxH inhibitors and establish important frameworks for the future development of antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - C Skyler Cochrane
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Amanda F Ennis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Won Young Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Caroline G Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Jae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Benjamin A Fenton
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwak SH, Stephenson TN, Lee HE, Ge Y, Lee H, Min SM, Kim JH, Kwon DY, Lee YM, Hong J. Evaluation of Manassantin A Tetrahydrofuran Core Region Analogues and Cooperative Therapeutic Effects with EGFR Inhibition. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6821-6833. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tesia N. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hye-Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ge
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sophia M. Min
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jea Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Do-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - You Mie Lee
- College of Pharmacy, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee M, Zhao J, Kwak SH, Cho J, Lee M, Gillespie RA, Kwon DY, Lee H, Park HJ, Wu Q, Zhou P, Hong J. Structure-Activity Relationship of Sulfonyl Piperazine LpxH Inhibitors Analyzed by an LpxE-Coupled Malachite Green Assay. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:641-651. [PMID: 30721024 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine pyrophosphatase LpxH in the Raetz pathway of lipid A biosynthesis is an essential enzyme in the vast majority of Gram-negative pathogens and an excellent novel antibiotic target. The 32P-radioautographic thin-layer chromatography assay has been widely used for analysis of LpxH activity, but it is inconvenient for evaluation of a large number of LpxH inhibitors over an extended time period. Here, we report a coupled, nonradioactive LpxH assay that utilizes the recently discovered Aquifex aeolicus lipid A 1-phosphatase LpxE for quantitative removal of the 1-phosphate from lipid X, the product of the LpxH catalysis; the released inorganic phosphate is subsequently quantified by the colorimetric malachite green assay, allowing the monitoring of the LpxH catalysis. Using such a coupled enzymatic assay, we report the biochemical characterization of a series of sulfonyl piperazine LpxH inhibitors. Our analysis establishes a preliminary structure-activity relationship for this class of compounds and reveals a pharmacophore of two aromatic rings, two hydrophobic groups, and one hydrogen-bond acceptor. We expect that our findings will facilitate the development of more effective LpxH inhibitors as potential antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jinshi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3711, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Seung-Hwa Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3711, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Myungju Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A. Gillespie
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3711, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Do-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Qinglin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3711, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3711, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kwak SH, Shin S, Lee JH, Shim JK, Kim M, Lee SD, Lee A, Bae J, Park JH, Abdelrahman A, Müller CE, Cho SK, Kang SG, Bae MA, Yang JY, Ko H, Goddard WA, Kim YC. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of quinolinone and quinoline-based P2X7 receptor antagonists and their anti-sphere formation activities in glioblastoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:462-481. [PMID: 29649742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Screening a compound library of quinolinone derivatives identified compound 11a as a new P2X7 receptor antagonist. To optimize its activity, we assessed structure-activity relationships (SAR) at three different positions, R1, R2 and R3, of the quinolinone scaffold. SAR analysis suggested that a carboxylic acid ethyl ester group at the R1 position, an adamantyl carboxamide group at R2 and a 4-methoxy substitution at the R3 position are the best substituents for the antagonism of P2X7R activity. However, because most of the quinolinone derivatives showed low inhibitory effects in an IL-1β ELISA assay, the core structure was further modified to a quinoline skeleton with chloride or substituted phenyl groups. The optimized antagonists with the quinoline scaffold included 2-chloro-5-adamantyl-quinoline derivative (16c) and 2-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-5-adamantyl-quinoline derivative (17k), with IC50 values of 4 and 3 nM, respectively. In contrast to the quinolinone derivatives, the antagonistic effects of the quinoline compounds (16c and 17k) were paralleled by their ability to inhibit the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, from LPS/IFN-γ/BzATP-stimulated THP-1 cells (IC50 of 7 and 12 nM, respectively). In addition, potent P2X7R antagonists significantly inhibited the sphere size of TS15-88 glioblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Kwak
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungheon Shin
- Department of BioMedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Deok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Bae
- Department of BioMedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steve K Cho
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of BioMedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Yang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Ko
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC-139- 74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of BioMedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Barniol-Xicota M, Kwak SH, Lee SD, Caseley E, Valverde E, Jiang LH, Kim YC, Vázquez S. Escape from adamantane: Scaffold optimization of novel P2X7 antagonists featuring complex polycycles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:759-763. [PMID: 28126517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The adamantane scaffold, despite being widely used in medicinal chemistry, is not devoid of problems. In recent years we have developed new polycyclic scaffolds as surrogates of the adamantane group with encouraging results in multiple targets. As an adamantane scaffold is a common structural feature in several P2X7 receptor antagonists, herein we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of multiple replacement options of adamantane that maintain a good activity profile. Molecular modeling studies support the binding of the compounds to a site close to the central pore, rather than to the ATP-binding site and shed light on the structural requirements for novel P2X7 antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barniol-Xicota
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Seung-Hwa Kwak
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Deok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Emily Caseley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Valverde
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwak SH, Kang JA, Kim M, Lee SD, Park JH, Park SG, Ko H, Kim YC. Discovery and structure–activity relationship studies of quinolinone derivatives as potent IL-2 suppressive agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5357-5367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
11
|
Kwak SH, Lee WG, Lee YJ, Lee SD, Kim YC, Ko H. Discovery of novel purine-based heterocyclic P2X7 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Chem 2015; 61:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Kim YG, Hahn S, Oh TJ, Kwak SH, Park KS, Cho YM. Differences in the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors between Asians and non-Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2013; 56:696-708. [PMID: 23344728 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this work was to compare the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors between Asian and non-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov and conference proceedings. Studies were eligible if they were randomised controlled trials with a treatment duration of at least 12 weeks, compared a DPP-4 inhibitor with a placebo as either monotherapy or oral combination therapy, had information on ethnicity and HbA1c values and were published or described in English. A systematic review and meta-analysis with a meta-regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS Among 809 potentially relevant studies, 55 trials were included. A meta-analysis revealed that DPP-4 inhibitors lowered HbA1c to a greater extent in studies with ≥50% Asian participants (weighted mean difference [WMD] -0.92%; 95% CI -1.03, -0.82) than in studies with <50% Asian participants (WMD -0.65%; 95% CI -0.69, -0.60). The between-group difference was -0.26% (95% CI -0.36, -0.17, p < 0.001). The baseline BMI significantly correlated with the HbA1c-lowering efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors. The RR of achieving the goal of HbA1c <7.0% (53.0 mmol/mol) was higher in studies with ≥50% Asian participants (3.4 [95% CI 2.6, 4.7] vs 1.9 [95% CI 1.8, 2.0]). The fasting plasma glucose-lowering efficacy was higher with monotherapy in the Asian-dominant studies, but the postprandial glucose-lowering efficacy and changes in body weight were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION DPP-4 inhibitors exhibit a better glucose-lowering efficacy in Asians than in other ethnic groups; this requires further investigation to understand the underlying mechanism, particularly in relation to BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y G Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoo KY, Jeong CW, Kim SJ, Jeong ST, Kwak SH, Shin MH, Lee J. Altered cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation in patients with complete spinal cord injury: relation to time course and affected level. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105:753-9. [PMID: 20923869 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We determined cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation in relation to the time since injury in patients with different levels of spinal cord injury. METHODS Two hundred and fourteen patients with complete cord injury were studied. They were either quadriplegics (>C7, n=71) or paraplegics (<T5, n=143), and were subdivided into six groups each according to the time since injury: <4 week (acute), 4 week-1 yr, 1-5, 5-10, 10-20, and >20 yr. Twenty patients with no cord injury served as controls. Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), and plasma catecholamine concentrations were determined. RESULTS Intubation did not affect SAP in the quadriplegics regardless of the time post-injury, but it significantly increased SAP in all paraplegics. Moreover, the pressor response was enhanced in the paraplegics who were 10 yr or more since injury (P<0.05). HR increased significantly in all groups; the magnitude of the increase was less only in acute quadriplegics compared with controls. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine increased in every group except for the quadriplegics within 4 weeks of injury. The maximum increases in SAP, HR, and norepinephrine from awake baseline values were smaller in the quadriplegics than in the paraplegics (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to intubation change as a function of the time elapsed and the level of the cord injury. In this study, the pressor response to tracheal intubation was abolished in the quadriplegics but not in paraplegics; indeed, it was enhanced at 10 yr or more since injury in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Yoo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak-dong, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kwak SH, Cho YM, Moon MK, Kim JH, Park BL, Cheong HS, Shin HD, Jang HC, Kim SY, Lee HK, Park KS. Association of polymorphisms in the insulin-degrading enzyme gene with type 2 diabetes in the Korean population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 79:284-90. [PMID: 17913278 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a metalloproteinase which degrades insulin and terminates its action. Homologous deletion of IDE gene resulted in hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several genetic association studies examined IDE as a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes in European descents. Here we investigated the genetic association of IDE polymorphisms with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related phenotypes in the Korean population. Among six single nucleotide polymorphisms analyzed, g.-179T>C (OR=1.73, P=0.04), and g.IVS18+99G>A (OR=1.23, P=0.02) revealed borderline association with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Combining our results with previous data obtained from the European population, g.-179T>C (OR=1.11, P=0.03), and g.IVS24-64A>T (OR=1.18, P=0.005) showed significant association with type 2 diabetes. Haplotype consisting of common alleles of the six polymorphisms was associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (OR=0.82, P=0.02). However, none of the polymorphisms was significantly associated with metabolic phenotypes. We can conclude that variations in IDE might contribute to diabetes susceptibility in the Korean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yo KY, Lee JU, Kwak SH, Im WM, Jeong CY, Chung SS, Yoon MH, Jeong SW, Park JT. Effects of intracoronary calcium chloride on regional oxygen balance and mechanical function in normal and stunned myocardium in dogs. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88:78-86. [PMID: 11881889 DOI: 10.1093/bja/88.1.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief myocardial ischaemia has been demonstrated to result in mechanical and coronary endothelial dysfunction, in which calcium may play a role. We examined whether the mechanical and vascular responses to calcium are altered in postischaemic, reperfused myocardium. METHODS Regional myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), mechanical function and coronary blood flow (CBF) in response to calcium chloride (0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg ml(-1) of CBF) directly infused into the left anterior descending (LAD) artery were determined before (normal) and 30 min after a 15-min-period of LAD occlusion (stunned) in an open-chest canine model. Percentage segment shortening (%SS) and percentage postsystolic shortening (%PSS) in the LAD territory were determined using ultrasonic crystals and CBF using a Doppler transducer. Myocardial extraction of oxygen (EO2) and lactate (Elac) was calculated. RESULTS The infusion of calcium chloride resulted in dose-dependent increases in %SS and MVO2 but did not affect %PSS in normal myocardium. These changes were accompanied by parallel increases in CBF, resulting in no change in EO2. In stunned myocardium, the responses to calcium chloride were not significantly altered, with the exception of a reduction in %PSS. However, ischaemia and reperfusion itself significantly reduced %SS and Elac and increased %PSS. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that calcium chloride improves regional systolic and diastolic function both in normal and stunned myocardium. Calcium chloride is unlikely to cause direct coronary vasoconstriction or to deteriorate regional mechanical function in postischaemic myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Yo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kwak SH, Lee SH. The regulation of ornithine decarboxylase gene expression by sucrose and small upstream open reading frame in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Plant Cell Physiol 2001; 42:314-23. [PMID: 11266583 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pce040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We identified a near-full-length cDNA clone encoding ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). It contained a small upstream open reading frame (uORF) within its 5' untranslated region. An in vitro translation assay demonstrated that the uORF repressed expression of downstream ORF. Neither nucleotide nor predicted peptide sequence of the uORF was responsible for the repression. The presence of upstream AUG codon was shown to be responsible. ODC expression appeared to be organ specific. The ODC gene was expressed in roots, hypocotyls and sink leaves but not in source leaves. ODC transcripts were observed in apical meristem of primary roots, and were distributed in cells of cortex layer preferentially. ODC expression responded immediately to sucrose availability via the sucrose-specific pathway independent of hexokinase. Sucrose induction of ODC gene was seen in roots, hypocotyls and flowers but not in mature leaves. Moreover, only the root apical meristem responded to sucrose availability. These observations indicate that the spatial pattern of ODC expression is closely associated with cell proliferation and that sucrose sensing plays a major role in the spatial pattern of ODC expression. Also, the differential regulation of ODC and arginine decarboxylase gene expression by factors modulating plant growth suggests that they would have different physiological roles in plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Kwak
- Department of Biology, Yonsei University Shinchon-dong 134, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749 Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoo KY, Yang SY, Lee J, Im WM, Jeong CY, Chung SS, Kwak SH. Intracoronary propofol attenuates myocardial but not coronary endothelial dysfunction after brief ischaemia and reperfusion in dogs. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82:90-6. [PMID: 10325843 DOI: 10.1093/bja/82.1.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of propofol on recovery of regional mechanical and coronary endothelial function and on lipid peroxidation in post-ischaemic myocardium in dogs. The animals were assessed for 180 min during reperfusion after 15-min of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). They were treated with intracoronary (i.c.) propofol 5 or 20 micrograms/ml of coronary flow or vehicle (control group) for 60 min, beginning 30 min before LAD occlusion. Propofol significantly enhanced recovery of regional contractile function (70% and 81% of baseline segment shortening in the propofol 5 and 20 micrograms ml-1 groups, respectively, compared with 51% in controls at 3 h of reperfusion). However, LAD flow responses to i.c. acetylcholine were similarly attenuated regardless of treatment with propofol throughout reperfusion. The increase in malondialdehyde induced by ischaemia-reperfusion was significantly suppressed by both doses of propofol. These results demonstrated that in vivo, propofol ameliorated dysfunction of the myocardium but not of the coronary endothelium resulting from brief ischaemia and reperfusion; the protection may be related, at least in part, to its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Y Yoo
- Department of Anaesthesia, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kwak SH, Lee SH. The requirements for Ca2+, protein phosphorylation, and dephosphorylation for ethylene signal transduction in Pisum sativum L. Plant Cell Physiol 1997; 38:1142-9. [PMID: 9399438 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of Ca2+ and protein phosphorylation in the transduction of the ethylene signal resulting in induction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase has been studied in peas (Pisum sativum L.) by a pharmacological approach. 2,5-Norbornadiene (NBD) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) reduced the basal level of ACC oxidase transcript and its enzyme activity. Only NBD was shown to inhibit the ethylene response, the accumulation of ACC oxidase transcript and the stimulation of its enzyme activity. Ethylene influenced 45Ca2+ influx into the segment tissues from pea epicotyls, and ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) a Ca2+ chelator, inhibited the ethylene response. Ca2+ depletion by pretreatment with EGTA also blocked the ethylene response, which almost completely recovered when Ca2+ was added exogenously after Ca2+ depletion. Ca2+ channel blockers, verapamil, and LaCl3, used to certify the role of extracellular Ca2+, all inhibited the ethylene response. A protein kinase inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), and protein phosphatase inhibitors, vanadate and okadaic acid, also inhibited the ethylene response. The results of the present study suggest that Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space, protein phosphorylation, and dephosphorylation are required for the induction of ACC oxidase by ethylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Kwak
- Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|