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Ko B, Jang Y, Kwak SH, You H, Kim JH, Lee JE, Park HD, Kim SK, Goddard WA, Han JH, Kim YC. Discovery of 3-Phenyl Indazole-Based Novel Chemokine-like Receptor 1 Antagonists for the Treatment of Psoriasis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14564-14582. [PMID: 37883692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)─a G protein-coupled receptor─has functional roles in the immune system and related diseases, including psoriasis and metabolic diseases. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by skin redness, scaliness, and itching. In this study, we sought to develop novel CMKLR1 antagonists by screening our in-house GPCR-targeting compound library. Moreover, we optimized a phenylindazole-based hit compound with antagonistic activities and evaluated its oral pharmacokinetic properties in a murine model. A structure-based design on the human CMKLR1 homology model identified S-26d as an optimized compound that serves as a potent and orally available antagonist with a pIC50 value of 7.44 in hCMKLR1-transfected CHO cells. Furthermore, in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model, oral administration of S-26d for 1 week significantly alleviated modified psoriasis area and severity index scores (severity of erythema, scaliness, skin thickness) compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongki Ko
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Kwak
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun You
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jung Hyun Han
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Saint John of God Hospital, Gwangju 61245, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chul Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Center for AI-Applied High Efficiency Drug Discovery (AHEDD), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Ham YJ, Kim G, Lee J, Lee J, Kim MK, Kim S, Kim W, Kim HB, Jang SW, Park HD, Jeon S, Kim SJ, Cho J, Kim J, Yoon HB, Kwak Y. Abstract LB524: Discovery of highly selective RON kinase inhibitors. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-lb524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
RON is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the MET proto-oncogene family, known as macrophage stimulating 1 receptor (MST1R) that recognizes macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP). RON has been known to be highly expressed in several epithelial tumors, promoting tumor progression and metastasis, and on macrophages surface, facilitating M2-like phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) to impair anti-tumor functions of CD8+ T cells. Although pharmacological inhibition of RON kinase has received attention from many research groups, monoclonal antibody drug showed a limited clinical efficacy due to RON variant of receptor region. Because the structure homology of kinase domain between RON and MET is 80%, discovery of RON-specific small molecule inhibitor is considered to be highly challenging to achieve. At first, we discovered a lead compound with about 50-fold of RON selectivity against MET kinase. Our medicinal chemistry efforts elevated RON/MET selectivity up to 500~10,000-fold (IC50 = 1~50 nM in RON enzyme assay), and the target specificity was proved through a panel assay of 372 kinases (Reaction Biology Corp.). A series of compounds effectively modulated p-RON and downstream signals (e.g. p-ERK and p-AKT) in MDA-MB-453, and inhibited cell proliferation of Ba/F3 cell-line engineered with human RON kinase. Significant anti-tumor effects were shown in syngeneic mouse models compared to a control group after oral administration, and studies related to immuno-oncology are ongoing in in-vitro or ex-/in-vivo assay systems. In conclusion, we have identified RON selective small molecule inhibitors that will be useful to figure out the biology following RON selective inhibition against MET kinase, and to validate the translational potential of RON kinase as a therapeutic target for human diseases including cancer.
Citation Format: Young Jin Ham, GyeongHwan Kim, Juhyun Lee, Jaeyoung Lee, Min Kyung Kim, Sunhong Kim, Woosook Kim, Han Byoul Kim, Sung Woong Jang, Hee Dong Park, Seonguk Jeon, Seok-Joo Kim, Joongheui Cho, Jungjoon Kim, Hong bin Yoon, Youngshin Kwak. Discovery of highly selective RON kinase inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Ham
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Juhyun Lee
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Lee
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhong Kim
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosook Kim
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byoul Kim
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hee Dong Park
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Jeon
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Joo Kim
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongheui Cho
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungjoon Kim
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong bin Yoon
- 1LG Chem/Life Sciences R&D, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chaudhary CL, Lim D, Chaudhary P, Guragain D, Awasthi BP, Park HD, Kim JA, Jeong BS. 6-Amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol and 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-5-ol derivatives as selective fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 inhibitors: design, synthesis, molecular docking, and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma efficacy evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:844-856. [PMID: 35296193 PMCID: PMC8933034 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2048378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of aminotrimethylpyridinol and aminodimethylpyrimidinol derivatives were designed and synthesised for FGFR4 inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship on the FGFR4 inhibitory activity of the new compounds was clearly elucidated by an intensive molecular docking study. Anti-cancer activity of the compounds was evaluated using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumour model. Compound 6O showed FGFR4 inhibitory activity over FGFR1 - 3. Compared to the positive control BLU9931, compound 6O exhibited at least 8 times higher FGFR4 selectivity. Strong anti-proliferative activity of compound 6O was observed against Hep3B, an HCC cell line which was a much more sensitive cell line to BLU9931. In vivo anti-tumour activity of compound 6O against Hep3B-xenografted CAM tumour model was almost similar to BLU9931. Overall, compound 6O, a novel derivative of aminodimethylpyrimidinol, was a selective FGFR4 kinase inhibitor blocking HCC tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongchul Lim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Diwakar Guragain
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Karmacharya U, Chaudhary P, Lim D, Dahal S, Awasthi BP, Park HD, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of 6-azacyclonol-2,4,6-trimethylpyridin-3-ol derivatives: M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated anticancer activity of a cyclohexyl derivative in androgen-refractory prostate cancer. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104805. [PMID: 33725508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol with C(6)-azacyclonol, whose code name is BJ-1207, showing a promising anticancer activity by inhibiting NOX-derived ROS in A549 human lung cancer cells. The present study was focused on structural modification of the azacyclonol moiety of BJ-1207 to find a compound with better anticancer activity. Ten new compounds (3A-3J) were prepared and evaluated their inhibitory actions against proliferation of eighteen cancer cell lines as a primary screening. Among the ten derivatives of BJ-1207, the effects of compounds 3A and 3J on DU145 and PC-3, androgen-refractory cancer cell lines (ARPC), were greater than the parent compound, and compound 3A showed better activity than 3J. Antitumor activity of compound 3A was also observed in DU145-xenografted chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor model. In addition, the ligand-based target prediction and molecular docking study using DeepZema® server showed compound 3A was a ligand to M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) which is overexpressed in ARPC. Carbachol, a muscarinic receptor agonist, concentration dependently increased proliferation of DU145 in the absence of serum, and it also activated NADPH oxidase (NOX). The carbachol-induced proliferation and NOX activity was significantly blocked by compounds 3A in a concentration-dependent manner. This finding might become a new milestone in the development of pyridinol-based anti-cancer agents against ARPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwala Karmacharya
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchul Lim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Sadan Dahal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhuwan Prasad Awasthi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Oh JH, Park HD, Han SH, Shim GY, Choi KY. Duration of Treatment Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave on Spasticity and Subgroup-Analysis According to Number of Shocks and Application Site: A Meta-Analysis. Ann Rehabil Med 2019; 43:163-177. [PMID: 31072083 PMCID: PMC6509586 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2019.43.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate duration of the treatment effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on spasticity levels measured with Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) regardless of the patient group (stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy) and evaluate its spasticity-reducing effect depending on the number of shocks and site of application. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from database inception to February 2018. Randomized controlled trials and cross-over trials were included. All participants had spasticity regardless of cause. ESWT was the main intervention and MAS score was the primary outcome. Among 122 screened articles, 9 trials met the inclusion criteria. Results The estimate of effect size showed statistically significant MAS grade reduction immediately after treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.00 to -0.13; p=0.012), 1 week after (SMD=-1.81; 95% CI, -3.07 to -0.55; p=0.005), 4 weeks after (SMD=-2.35; 95% CI, -3.66 to -1.05; p<0.001), and 12 weeks after (SMD=-1.07; 95% CI, -2.04 to -0.10; p=0.03). Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed for the ‘immediately after ESWT application’ group. The prediction equation obtained from metaregression was -1.0824+0.0002* (number of shocks), which was not statistically significant. Difference in MAS grade reduction depending on site of application was not statistically significant either in subgroup analysis (knee and ankle joints vs. elbow, wrist, and finger joints). Conclusion ESWT effectively reduced spasticity levels measured with MAS regardless of patient group. Its effect maintained for 12 weeks. The number of shocks or site of application had no significant influence on the therapeutic effect of ESWT in reducing spasticity. Ongoing trials with ESWT are needed to address optimal parameters of shock wave to reduce spasticity regarding intensity, frequency, and numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Oh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Yang Shim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Yeul Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Park JG, Mok JS, Han YI, Park TS, Kang KW, Choi CS, Park HD, Park J. Connectivity mapping of angiotensin-PPAR interactions involved in the amelioration of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Telmisartan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4003. [PMID: 30850637 PMCID: PMC6408578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health problem that is associated with various metabolic disorders. Telmisartan is a potential treatment for NAFLD due to its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease hepatic fat accumulation via modulation of PPARγ, and to suppress hepatic fibrosis by blocking angiotensin II receptors. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of telmisartan have yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, diabetic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice (STAM mice) received daily administrations of telmisartan for 6 weeks to assess the improvements in NASH. Hepatic transcriptome analyses revealed that the amelioration of NASH likely occurred through the regulation of inflammatory- and fibrosis-related gene responses. An integrated network analysis including transcriptional and non-transcriptional genes regulated by telmisartan showed that the NAFLD pathway is interconnected with the dysregulated RAS-PPAR-NFκB pathways. The downstream targets of PPARα, PPARδ, and RELA in this network significantly overlapped with telmisartan-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were verified in palmitate-treated Hepa1c1c7 cell line. This transcriptome approach accompanied with cell-based molecular analyses provided the opportunity to understand the fundamental molecular mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects of telmisartan, and will contribute to the establishment of a novel pharmacological treatment for NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong Soo Mok
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young In Han
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea mouse metabolic phenotyping center, Lee Gil Ya cancer and diabetes institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.,Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joonghoon Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. .,Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Park DY, Choi C, Shin E, Lee JH, Kwon CH, Jo HJ, Kim HR, Kim HS, Oh N, Lee JS, Park OK, Park E, Park J, Shin JY, Kim JI, Seo JS, Park HD, Park J. NTRK1 fusions for the therapeutic intervention of Korean patients with colon cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8399-412. [PMID: 26716414 PMCID: PMC4885001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and clinical validation of cancer driver genes are essential to accelerate the translational transition of cancer genomics, as well as to find clinically confident targets for the therapeutic intervention of cancers. Here we identified recurrent LMNA-NTRK1 and TPM3-NTRK1 fusions in Korean patients with colon cancer (3 out of 147, 2%) through next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). NTRK1 fusions were mutually exclusive oncogenic drivers of colon cancer that were accompanied with in vitro potential of colony formation and in vivo tumorigenicity comparable to KM12, a human colon cancer cell line harboring TPM3-NTRK1 fusion. NTRK1-encoded TrkA protein was prevalent in 11 out of 216 Korean (5.1%) and 28 out of 472 Chinese patients (5.9%) from independent cohorts, respectively. The expression level of TrkA was significantly correlated with NTRK1 fusion (p = 0.0192), which was verified by a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Korean patients with TrkA-positive colon cancer had a marginal but significant shorter overall survival time than TrkA-negative colon cancer [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.5346, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 0.2548-0.9722, p = 0.0411]. In addition, KM12 cell line was sensitive to selective TrkA inhibitors. These results demonstrate that NTRK1 fusion is granted as a clinically relevant target for therapeutic intervention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Shin
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Jae Jo
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Rok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahmgun Oh
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Ku Park
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eok Park
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Shin
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Genomic Medicine Institute (GMI), Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghoon Park
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R&D Park, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Ahn YH, Lee JY, Park HD, Kim TH, Park MC, Choi G, Kim S. Identification of a New Morpholine Scaffold as a P2Y12 Receptor Antagonist. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091114. [PMID: 27563870 PMCID: PMC6273072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2Y12 receptor is critical for platelet activation and is an attractive drug target for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. Despite the proven antithrombotic efficacy of P2Y12 inhibitors, these thienopyridine scaffolds are prodrugs that lack important features of the ideal antithrombotic agent. For this reason, ticagrelor—a new chemical class of P2Y12 receptor antagonist—was developed, but it can cause shortness of breath and various types of bleeding. Moreover, ticagrelor is a cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate/inhibitor and, therefore, caution should be exercised when it is used concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inducers/inhibitors. There is a need for novel P2Y12 receptor antagonist scaffolds that are reversible and have high efficacy without associated side effects. Here, we describe a novel antagonist containing a morpholine moiety that was identified by screening libraries of commercially available compounds. The molecule, Compound E, acted on P2Y12, but not P2Y1 and P2Y13, and exhibited pharmacological characteristics that were distinct from those of ticagrelor, acting instead on P2Y12 via an allosteric mechanism. These results provide a basis for the development/optimization of a new class of P2Y12 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ha Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Korea Chemical Bank, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Hee Dong Park
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R & D Park, Daejeon 305-343, Korea.
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- LG Life Sciences Ltd., R & D Park, Daejeon 305-343, Korea.
| | - Min Chul Park
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea.
| | - Gildon Choi
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea.
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Zhang Y, Fox JT, Park YU, Elliott G, Rai G, Cai M, Sakamuru S, Huang R, Xia M, Lee K, Jeon MH, Mathew BP, Park HD, Edelmann W, Park CY, Hong SY, Maloney D, Myung K. A Novel Chemotherapeutic Agent to Treat Tumors with DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiencies. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4183-91. [PMID: 27262172 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Impairing the division of cancer cells with genotoxic small molecules has been a primary goal to develop chemotherapeutic agents. However, DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancer cells are resistant to most conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Here we have identified baicalein as a small molecule that selectively kills MutSα-deficient cancer cells. Baicalein binds preferentially to mismatched DNA and induces a DNA damage response in a MMR-dependent manner. In MutSα-proficient cells, baicalein binds to MutSα to dissociate CHK2 from MutSα leading to S-phase arrest and cell survival. In contrast, continued replication in the presence of baicalein in MutSα-deficient cells results in a high number of DNA double-strand breaks and ultimately leads to apoptosis. Consistently, baicalein specifically shrinks MutSα-deficient xenograft tumors and inhibits the growth of AOM-DSS-induced colon tumors in colon-specific MSH2 knockout mice. Collectively, baicalein offers the potential of an improved treatment option for patients with tumors with a DNA MMR deficiency. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4183-91. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer T Fox
- Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Young-Un Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Gene Elliott
- Transgenic Mouse Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mengli Cai
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kyeryoung Lee
- Michael F. Price Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Min Ho Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Bijoy P Mathew
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea. School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Institute of Drug Discovery, Research & Development, LG Life Sciences Ltd., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Michael F. Price Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chan Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea. School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - David Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Genome Instability Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea. Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea.
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Lee J, Kim B, Kim TH, Lee SH, Park HD, Chung K, Lee SH, Paek S, Kim EE, Yoon S, Kim A. A Food Effect Study of an Oral Thrombin Inhibitor and Prodrug Approach To Mitigate It. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1197-205. [PMID: 26886576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
LB30870, a new direct thrombin inhibitor, showed 80% reduction in oral bioavailability in fed state. The present study aims to propose trypsin binding as a mechanism for such negative food effect and demonstrate a prodrug approach to mitigate food effect. Effect of food composition on fed state oral bioavailability of LB30870 was studied in dogs. Various prodrugs were synthesized, and their solubility, permeability, and trypsin binding affinity were measured. LB30870 and prodrugs were subject to cocrystallization with trypsin, and the X-ray structures of cocrystals were determined. Food effect was studied in dogs for selected prodrugs. Protein or lipid meal appeared to affect oral bioavailability of LB30870 in dogs more than carbohydrate meal. Blocking both carboxyl and amidine groups of LB30870 resulted in trypsin Ki values orders of magnitude higher than that of LB30870. Prodrugs belonged to either Biopharmaceutical Classification System I, II, or III. X-ray crystallography revealed that prodrugs did not bind to trypsin, but instead their hydrolysis product at the amidine blocking group formed cocrystal with trypsin. A prodrug with significantly less food effect than LB30870 was identified. Binding of prodrugs to food components such as dietary fiber appeared to counteract the positive effect brought with the prodrug approach. Further formulation research is warranted to enhance the oral bioavailability of prodrugs. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that the negative food effect of LB30870 can be attributed to trypsin binding. Trypsin binding study is proposed as a screening tool during lead optimization to minimize food effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University , 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea
| | - Bongchan Kim
- LG Life Sciences, R&D Center ,188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- LG Life Sciences, R&D Center ,188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- LG Life Sciences, R&D Center ,188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- LG Life Sciences, R&D Center ,188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Korea
| | - Kyungha Chung
- LG Life Sciences, R&D Center ,188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Korea
| | - Sung-Hack Lee
- LG Life Sciences, R&D Center ,188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Korea
| | - Seungyup Paek
- LG Life Sciences, R&D Center ,188, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34122, Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - SukKyoon Yoon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation , 41061 Daegu, Korea
| | - Aeri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University , 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea
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Lim SM, Jeong Y, Lee S, Im H, Tae HS, Kim BG, Park HD, Park J, Hong S. Identification of β-Lapachone Analogs as Novel MALT1 Inhibitors To Treat an Aggressive Subtype of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8491-502. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Lim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yujeong Jeong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Suhyun Lee
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Honggu Im
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Seop Tae
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Kim
- Drug Discovery Institute, LG Life Sciences, Daejeon 305-738, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Drug Discovery Institute, LG Life Sciences, Daejeon 305-738, Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Drug Discovery Institute, LG Life Sciences, Daejeon 305-738, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Kim J, Lee SH, Boyce M, Warrington S, Cho KH, Yoon SK, Park HD, Kim A. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and food effect of LB30870, a novel direct thrombin inhibitor, after single oral doses in healthy men. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:663-71. [PMID: 25673087 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and food effect of LB30870, a new selective thrombin inhibitor, were studied in 16 healthy men. 2. A double-blind, placebo-controlled single ascending dose study was done at oral doses of 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg under fasting conditions. An open, randomized, balanced cross-over food effect study was done at 60 mg dose. Plasma and urinary concentrations were measured up to 48 h post-dose. Coagulation and thrombin activity markers were measured at selected time points. 3. Cmax of LB30870 was at 1.3-3.0 h post-dose with a mean apparent terminal half-life (t1/2) of 2.8-4.1 h. AUC after doses above 15 mg appeared greater than dose-proportional. In fed state, AUC showed 80% reduction relative to fasting condition. 4. At doses 60 and 120 mg, peak activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) increased by 1.5- and 2-fold, respectively, from baseline. The aPTT and international normalized ratio (INR) were concentration-dependent, with less within-individual variability than ecarin clotting time (ECT), prothrombin time (PT), or thrombin time (TT). 5. Single oral doses of LB30870 up to 240 mg were well tolerated. The food effect must be overcome if LB30870 is to be used as an oral anti-coagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kim
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, LG Life Sciences , Daejeon , Korea
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Park HD, Lee YS, Lee EK. Effectiveness of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Mild-Moderate Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Approach Network Meta-Analysis. Value Health 2014; 17:A757. [PMID: 27202759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H D Park
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - E K Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Kim DY, Chung SI, Ro SW, Paik YH, Lee JI, Jung MK, Lee MG, Park YN, Lee KS, Park JG, Park HD, Han KH. Combined effects of an antioxidant and caspase inhibitor on the reversal of hepatic fibrosis in rats. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1481-91. [PMID: 24045874 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We sought to determine the hepatic fibrosis-reversal effects upon simultaneous administration of lithospermate B (LAB), an anti-oxidant, and nivocasan, a caspase inhibitor, to rats compared with each compound alone. Liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by thioacetamide (TAA). Rats were treated with TAA and then given LAB and (or) nivocasan. Fibrotic areas were evaluated quantitatively by computerized morphometry. Apoptosis was assessed using a TUNEL assay, and immunohistochemical staining for malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) was performed to assess oxidative stress levels. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify expression of fibrosis-related genes. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was significantly reduced in rats treated with LAB and nivocasan compared to either treatment alone (P < 0.001). Treatment with each compound significantly decreased expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as type I collagen α1 (col1α1), α-SMA and TGF-β1 (P < 0.05). Co-treatment with LAB and nivocasan further reduced col1α1 expression compared to treatment with either compound. A TUNEL assay revealed that hepatocyte apoptosis was significantly decreased in the group treated with nivocasan compared to other groups (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in MDA and 4HNE, reflecting amelioration of oxidative stress, when LAB or LAB+nivocasan was administered compared to nivocasan alone (P < 0.01). Nivocasan was found to inhibit caspase-1, -3, -7, -9 and gliotoxin-induced death of rat-derived hepatic stellate cells was inhibited by nivocasan administration without overexpression of α-SMA. CONCLUSIONS Co-incidental administration of LAB and nivocasan suppressed oxidative stress and apoptosis, resulting in enhanced reversal of hepatic fibrosis in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea,
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Abstract
Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), one of the variants of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), is inherited peroxisomal disorder associated with the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA). AMN is characterized primarily by involvements of long ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord and peripheral neuropathy, which leads to spastic paraparesis and urinary and erectile dysfunction. We experienced the AMN case of a 33-year-old man presenting bilateral progressive spastic paraparesis, impotence and urge incontinence with primary adrenal failures, as confirmed by increased serum of VLCFA concentrations. Considering that somatosensory evoked potentials in posterior tibial nerve was the only abnormal finding in electrophysiologic findings when compared with the severe spastic gait pattern shown, it is necessary to follow up with electrophysiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Dong Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Park HD, Lee SH, Kim TH, Lee SH, Cho KH, Kim A. Antithrombotic effects of LB30870, a potent, orally active, selective and direct thrombin inhibitor, and pharmacokinetics of its prodrug. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4779-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kim JH, Park CS, Park HD, Tae HS, Lee SH. Sustain and address discharge characteristics of AC-PDP with MgO surface coated by MgO nano crystal powders. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:3270-3275. [PMID: 23858842 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper examined the sustain and address discharge characteristics of ac-PDPs with MgO surface coated by MgO nano crystal powders. The MgO nano crystal powder was deposited by about 5% on the MgO surface by using the spray method. To investigate the effects of the partial addition of MgO nano crystal powders on the sustain discharge as well as the address discharge, the luminance, IR spectra of 823, 828 nm, cathodoluminance, and firing voltage were measured with the measurement of the address delay times and wall voltage variation in the 42-inch ac-PDP module with a high Xe content of 17%. As a result, the statistical delay characteristics were improved considerably especially under the low panel temperature of -5 degrees C for the MgO surface with MgO nano crystal powder. However, both MgO surfaces with and without the MgO nano crystal powder showed almost similar sustain and address discharge characteristics except the statistical delay characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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Kim S, Lim C, Lee S, Lee S, Cho H, Lee JY, Shim DS, Park HD, Kim S. Column chromatography-free solution-phase synthesis of a natural piper-amide-like compound library. ACS Comb Sci 2013; 15:208-15. [PMID: 23458110 DOI: 10.1021/co400003d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have achieved an efficient solution-phase parallel synthesis of a library of natural piper-amide-like compounds from the bifunctional β-phosphono-N-hydroxy-succinimidyl ester intermediate. The primary important feature in our study is the construction of natural-product-like molecules through the adaptation of sophisticated organic reactions that create water-soluble byproducts for a chromatography-free purification. This simple and efficient method rapidly provides a combinatorial library of high yield and purity. The library was evaluated against GPCR targets to demonstrate its potential use as a tool for drug discovery and in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Chaemin Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Sukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Seokwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyunkyung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
- Drug Discovery Department, LG Life Sciences, Ltd., R&D Park, 104-1, Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-380, Korea
| | - Dong Sup Shim
- Drug Discovery Department, LG Life Sciences, Ltd., R&D Park, 104-1, Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-380, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Drug Discovery Department, LG Life Sciences, Ltd., R&D Park, 104-1, Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-380, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu,
Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Park HD, Kim HJ, Park SJ, Choi YM. Comparing the Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type B Injection at Different Dosages for Patient with Drooling due to Brain Lesion. Ann Rehabil Med 2012; 36:841-8. [PMID: 23342318 PMCID: PMC3546188 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2012.36.6.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate Botulinum toxin type B (BNT-B) injection's effect and duration depending on dose for patients with brain lesion. Method Twenty one patients with brain lesion and severe drooling were included and divided into three groups. All patients received conventional dysphagia therapy. Group A patients (n=7) received an injection of 1,500 units and group B patients (n=7) received an injection of 2,500 units of BNT-B in submandibular gland under ultrasound guidance. Group C patients (n=7) received conventional dysphagia therapy. Saliva secretion was assessed quantitatively at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. The severity and frequency of drooling was assessed using the Drooling Quotient (DQ) by patients and/or caregivers. Results Group A and B reported a distinct improvement of the symptoms within 2 weeks after BNT-B injection. Compared to the baseline, the mean amount of saliva decreased significantly throughout the study. However, there was no meaningful difference between the two groups. The greatest reductions were achieved at 2 weeks and lasted up to 8 weeks after BNT-B injection. Group C did not show any differences. Conclusion Local injection of 1,500 units of BNT-B into salivary glands under ultrasonic guidance proved to be a safe and effective dose for drooling in patient with brain lesion, as did 2,500 units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Dong Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul 131-130, Korea
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20
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Kim HS, Ahn CH, Park TS, Park HD, Koh KS, Ryoo ZY, Park SC, Lee S. Gene expression profiling of a cold-shocked earthworm Eisenia andrei. Cryo Letters 2012; 33:1-11. [PMID: 22434117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To identify genes that are modulated under cold-stress conditions in the earthworm Eisenia andrei, we performed a genome-wide analysis of gene expression in cold-shocked earthworms by using Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). We identified 5,977 and 5,407 unique SAGE tags under normal and cold-stressed conditions, respectively. The majority of the SAGE tags did not match to any known expressed sequences, due to a paucity of expression data in earthworms. We converted the statistically significant SAGE tags for the cold-stressed condition into expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and the results showed that particular genes associated with energy homeostasis, cellular defense mechanisms, and ion balance were up-regulated or down-regulated. We constructed a regulatory network of some of these genes and identified rps-6 as a core gene in the cold-response regulatory-gene network. Our data provide a baseline for gene expression studies of cold shock in the Lumbricidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han JY, Choi JS, Chun JM, Park HD, Lee SY, Kim CH, Park Q, Nava-Ocampo AA, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome of women transfused during pregnancy with blood products inadvertently obtained from donors treated with acitretin. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2010; 29:694-7. [PMID: 19821659 DOI: 10.3109/01443610903177128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the pregnancy outcome of nine women inadvertently transfused with acitretin-contaminated blood products in South Korea. A total of 18 women matched to cases by age, gravidity, and singleton- or twin-pregnancy, and who were transfused with blood products not contaminated with acitretin, was also recruited. There were nine babies born in the case group. No differences (p > 0.05) were observed between cases and controls in the gestational age at delivery (38.3 +/- 1.6 weeks vs 37.8 +/- 2.2 weeks), birth weight (3,146 +/- 874 g vs 3,106 +/- 568 g), rate of pre-term deliveries (22.2% vs 11.1%) and rate of low birth weight (<2,500 g) (33.3% vs 16.7%). There was no case of malformation or neurological abnormalities born in either group. In conclusion, inadvertent exposure to acitretin-contaminated blood products was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, probably because of the removal of acitretin and etretinate during the manufacturing process of blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Han
- Korean Motherisk Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee Y, Kim SJ, Park HD, Park EH, Huang SM, Jeon SB, Kim JM, Lim DS, Koh SS. PAUF functions in the metastasis of human pancreatic cancer cells and upregulates CXCR4 expression. Oncogene 2009; 29:56-67. [PMID: 19784070 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by early metastatic spread, but the process of tumor cell dissemination is largely unknown. In this study we show that the soluble protein pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) has an important role in the metastasis and progression of the disease. Variations in the level of PAUF, either by overexpression or knockdown, resulted in altered migration, invasion and proliferation capacity of pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, depletion of PAUF in metastatic cells dramatically abrogated the spread of the cells to distant organs in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. PAUF elicited the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and AKT intracellular signaling cascades and consequently their downstream transcription factors in an autocrine manner. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression was induced by PAUF overexpression but was repressed by PAUF knockdown. The PAUF-mediated increase in cancer cell motility was attenuated by the CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3100, or by anti-CXCR4 antibody. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic tumor tissues clearly showed a significant positive correlation between PAUF and CXCR4 expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that PAUF enhances the metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer cells, at least in part, by upregulating CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- National Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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Lee H, Lee DJ, Oh SP, Park HD, Nam HH, Kim JM, Lim DS. Mouse emi1 has an essential function in mitotic progression during early embryogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:5373-81. [PMID: 16809773 PMCID: PMC1592703 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00043-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For successful mitotic entry and spindle assembly, mitosis-promoting factors are activated at the G(2)/M transition stage, followed by stimulation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to direct the ordered destruction of several critical mitotic regulators. Given that inhibition of APC activity is important for preventing premature or improper ubiquitination and destruction of substrates, several modulators and their regulation mechanisms have been studied. Emi1, an early mitotic inhibitor, is one of these regulatory factors. Here we show, by analyzing Emi1-deficient embryos, that Emi1 is essential for precise mitotic progression during early embryogenesis. Emi1(-/-) embryos were found to be lethal due to a defect in preimplantation development. Cell proliferation appeared to be normal, but mitotic progression was severely defective during embryonic cleavage. Moreover, multipolar spindles and misaligned chromosomes were frequently observed in Emi1 mutant cells, possibly due to premature APC activation. Our results collectively suggest that the late prophase checkpoint function of Emi1 is essential for accurate mitotic progression and embryonic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseoung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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Cho YH, Kim JH, Sim GS, Lee BC, Pyo HB, Park HD. Inhibitory effects of antioxidant constituents from Melothria heterophylla on matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. J Cosmet Sci 2006; 57:279-89. [PMID: 16957808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to play an important role in photoaging by mediating the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. To develop a new anti-aging agent for cosmetics from natural products, Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn. was selected for its antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on expression of MMP-1 in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Two compounds (compounds 1 and 2 ) were isolated from an ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the ethanolic extracts; they were identified as 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-(D)-glucopyranose (1) and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (2). These compounds were found to scavenge radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and were measured to have SC50 values of 3.9 microM and 13.3 microM against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and values of 4.3 microM and 4.0 microM against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression and activity of MMP-1 in UVA-induced human skin fibroblasts, but no inhibition of MMP-1 mRNA expression. Therefore, we concluded that compounds 1 and 2 significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression at the protein level. Also, these compounds were determined to have a potent antioxidant activity. From these results, we suggest that these compounds might be useful as a new anti-aging agent for photodamaged skin, but the in vitro findings must be verified in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cho
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Corporation, Umsung-Kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
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Cho YH, Kim JH, Park SM, Lee BC, Pyo HB, Park HD. New cosmetic agents for skin whitening from Angelica dahurica. J Cosmet Sci 2006; 57:11-21. [PMID: 16676120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
To develop a new whitening agent for cosmetics from natural products, Angelica dahurica was selected for its inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. From the mechanism study, it was clarified that the ethanolic extracts of this plant showed the suppression of tyrosinase synthesis but no inhibition of tyrosinase activity. In order to find the active constituents from this plant, the ethanol extracts were chromatographed repeatedly with silica gel. Two coumarin compounds were isolated from A. dahurica. Their structures were identified by physicochemical and spectral data such as UV, IR, NMR, and MS. It was shown that the active substance was isoimperatorin (10-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1] benzopyran-7-one) and imperatorin (9-[(3-methyl-2-butenyl)oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g][1] benzopyran-7-one). They significantly inhibited tyrosinase synthesis in B16 melanoma cells. To elucidate the action mechanism of the active compounds of A. dahurica, we investigated the changes in the mRNA level of tyrosinase using the RT-PCR technique. As a result, the mRNA level of tyrosinase was markedly reduced by active compounds of A. dahurica. From these results, we suggest that these extracts might be useful as a new whitening agent in cosmetics, but the in vitro findings must be verified in in vivo skin-lightening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Cho
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetic Corporation, 72-7 Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
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Lee JW, Jung MC, Park HD, Park KD, Ryu GH. Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive chitosan copolymer as a novel biomaterial. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2005; 15:1065-79. [PMID: 15461190 DOI: 10.1163/1568562041526496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel water-soluble thermosensitive chitosan copolymers were prepared by graft polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) onto chitosan using cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an initiator. The physicochemical properties of the resulting chitosan-g-NIPAAm copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and solubility test. Sol-gel transition behavior was investigated by the cloud point measurement of the chitosan-g-NIPAAm aqueous solution. The gelling temperature was examined using the vial inversion method. The percentage of grafting (%) and efficiency of grafting (%) were investigated according to concentrations of monomer and initiator. The maximum grafted chitosan copolymer was obtained with 0.4 M NIPAAm and 6 x 10(-3) M CAN. Water-soluble chitosan-g-NIPAAm copolymers were prepared successfully and they formed thermally reversible hydrogel, which exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) around 32 degrees C in aqueous solutions. A preliminary in vitro cell study showed nontoxic and biocompatible properties. These results suggest that chitosan-g-NIPAAm copolymer could be very useful in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications as an injectable material for cell and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, South Korea
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Park HD, Min CK, Kwak HH, Youn KH, Choi SH, Kim HJ. Topography of the outer mandibular symphyseal region with reference to the autogenous bone graft. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:781-5. [PMID: 15556327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2004.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mandibular symphysis is preferred as a donor site for the relatively small grafts needed for the autogeneous bone graft procedure. This study was undertaken to determine the morphology and composition of the cortical and trabecular bone in the mandibular symphyseal region using 35 mandible specimens from Koreans. The topographical patterns through the thickness of the cortical plate and the width of the trabecular bone were observed. In this study, the labial cortical plate of the mandible became thicker from the superior to the inferior aspects (P < 0.05). However, the trabecular bone width exhibited a different distribution pattern compared to the thickness of the labial cortical plate. This observation concerning the cortical and trabecular bones assists in determination of the depth of osteotomy. The results provide useful information on the mandibular symphysis graft prior to dental implant placement. These results will enable the volume of the cortical plate in the mandibular symphyseal region and its proper size, depth, and location to be predicted when removing a graft block.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Park
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
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Kwak HH, Park HD, Youn KH, Hu KS, Koh KS, Han SH, Kim HJ. Branching patterns of the facial nerve and its communication with the auriculotemporal nerve. Surg Radiol Anat 2004; 26:494-500. [PMID: 15368081 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-004-0259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the anatomic relationships and variability of the facial nerve trunk and its branches, with emphasis on the intraparotid connections between the divisions. Microdissections were performed on 30 Korean half-heads, and the facial nerve trunks and branches were exposed. The average depth of the stylomastoid foramen from the skin surface was 21.0 +/- 3.1 mm, and the distance between the stylomastoid foramen and the bifurcation of the temporofacial (upper) and cervicofacial (lower) divisions was 13.0 +/- 2.8 mm. In 26 of 30 dissections (86.7%), the facial nerve trunk bifurcated into two main divisions, and a trifurcation pattern was seen in the other four cases (13.3%). According to the origin of the buccal branches, we classified the branching patterns of the facial nerve into four categories. In type I (13.8% of cases), the buccal branches arose from the two main divisions of the trunk but not from other branches of the facial nerve. In type II (44.8% of cases), the buccal branches arising from the two main divisions were interconnected with the zygomatic branch. In type III (17.3% of cases), the marginal mandibular branch sent nerve twigs to the buccal branch, which originated from the upper and lower divisions. In type IV (17.3% of cases), the nerve twigs from the zygomatic and marginal mandibular branches merged to the buccal branch arising from the two main divisions. Communications between the facial and auriculotemporal nerve branches, which are known as "communicating auriculotemporal nerves," were observed in 28 of the 30 cases (93.3%). Familiarity with these common variations in the facial anatomy provides useful information for the surgeon in careful dissection, preservation of the facial nerve, and complete removal of the tumors in parotidectomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kwak
- Department of Oral Biology, Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu Seoul, 120-752 Korea
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Kwak HH, Park HD, Yoon HR, Kang MK, Koh KS, Kim HJ. Topographic anatomy of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus in Koreans. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 33:382-8. [PMID: 15145042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2003.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the relationship between the root apex and the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus are crucial for diagnosing and treating a sinus pathosis as well as in assisting in dental implantation. Therefore, identifying the proximity between the root apex and the inferior wall of the sinus and clarifying the cortical thickness of the inferior wall of the sinus is essential for determining the topography of a spreading dental infection into the maxillary sinus. Accordingly, knowledge of the topography between the root apex and the inferior wall of maxillary sinus is important for diagnosing and planning dental implantation, endodontic procedures, and orthodontic treatment. This study was undertaken to clarify the morphological and clinical characteristics of the maxillary sinus, particularly the inferior wall of the sinus in Koreans, and to identify the relationship between the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus and the roots of the maxillary teeth. Twenty-four sides of the maxillae of hemi-sectioned Korean heads were used in this study. All specimens were decalcificated and sectioned coronally. On the sectioned specimens, 21 items were measured using an image analyzing system. The distances between the each root apex and the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus were measured. The distance from the root apex to the inferior wall of the sinus was the shortest in the second molar area and the longest in the first premolar area. The thickness of the cortical plate of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus was thinnest in the first premolar area but it was thickest in the second premolar area. The vertical relationship between the inferior wall and the roots of the maxillary molars was classified into five types. Type I (the inferior wall of the sinus located above the level connecting the buccal and lingual root apices) dominated (54.5% in the first molar area, 52.4% in the second molar area). The horizontal relationship between the inferior wall of the sinus and the root apex was classified into three types. Type 2 (the alveolar recess of the inferior wall of the sinus was located between the buccal and lingual roots) was most common (80% in the first and second molar area). Overall, this study demonstrated the many anatomical characteristics and determined the relationships between the maxillary sinus and their surrounding structures. These findings may have an impact on the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kwak
- Division in Anatomy, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Park HD, Min YS, Kwak HH, Youn KH, Lee EW, Kim HJ. Anatomical study concerning the origin and course of the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk for the pectoralis major flap. Surg Radiol Anat 2004; 26:428-32. [PMID: 15290107 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-004-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The patterns of the feeding vessels to each muscle determine the extent of their safe transposition and the muscle's value as a pedicled flap in reconstructive surgery. This study aimed to demonstrate the point of origin and the intra- and submuscular course of the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk (TAT) for pectoralis major (PM) flap surgery. Seventy sides of the PM were dissected based on a clinical reference line that has been used for several decades. The branching point of the TAT from the axillary artery was located lateral to the midclavicular line on the right-sided specimens (100%) and medial to the midclavicular line on the left sides (86%). The branching patterns of the pectoral branch to the PM muscle from the TAT were classified into three types. In type I the pectoral branches originated directly from the TAT (55 cases, 78.6%). In type II (11 cases, 15.7%) and type III (4 cases, 5.7%) the pectoral branch divided from the medial and lateral pedicle of the TAT, respectively. The course of the pectoral branch from the TAT in the PM was categorized into three patterns according to the degree of proximity to the midclavicular line. In 49 cases (70%), the pectoral branch in the PM ran within 1 cm of the midclavicular line. The other cases ran 2 cm (20 cases, 29%) and 3 cm (1 case, 1%) from the midclavicular line, respectively. These results provide topographic data of the pectoral branch based on anatomical landmarks, and will be useful in surgical planning as well as the procedure for PM flap surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Park
- Division of Anatomy & Developmental Giology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, 120-752 Seoul, Korea
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Kim HJ, Jung HS, Kwak HH, Shim KS, Hu KS, Park HD, Park HW, Chung IH. The discomallear ligament and the anterior ligament of malleus: An anatomic study in human adults and fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 2004; 26:39-45. [PMID: 14564479 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-003-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2002] [Accepted: 01/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
According to some reports, movement of the malleus, resulting from anterior hypertension on the discomallear ligament (DML), could produce aural symptoms related with damage to middle ear structures. The aim of this study was to examine the topographic relationship of the DML and the anterior ligament of malleus (ALM). Four fetuses and 16 adult hemi-sectioned heads were used to determine the anatomic-clinical relevance of DML and ALM in temporomandibular disorder. In fetal specimens, the DML was distinctly interposed between the malleus and the disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and the ALM had a structure apparently composed of the superior and inferior lamellae, running anteriorly in continuation with the sphenomandibular ligament (SML) through the future petrotympanic fissure (PTF). In all adult specimens, the DML was inserted into the malleus, and it expanded broadly toward the disc and capsular region of the TMJ in a triangular shape and inserted into the disc and capsule of the TMJ. The two-lamellae structure of the ALM was not distinguishable in adult specimens. The overstretched ALM resulted in movement of the malleus in five cases, but similar tension applied to the DML did not cause any movement of the malleus. This result provides an indication of the clinical significance of the ALM, a ligamentous structure continuous with the SML. It is apparent that the ALM has the potential to cause aural symptoms as a result of damage to the middle ear structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Histology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, 120-752 Seoul, Korea.
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Lim BS, Kim JU, Park HD. Improvement of existing nightsoil treatment plant for nitrogen removal. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:273-279. [PMID: 15137434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to increase the treatment efficiency and to reduce operation and maintenance costs of the existing nightsoil treatment plant. The existing nightsoil plant was not established by the nitrogen removal process, and was operated ineffectively with deterioration of treatment efficiency rate, and according to the demand of many operators, the expenses of operation and maintenance have become excessive. Modified plant has been changed through two steps. The first step, liquid decayed tank using closed oxidation ditch is operated to increase retention time only for nitrification. The second step, modified liquid decayed tank including anoxic tank is operated, it has an excellent nitrogen removal rate. In first step, when HRT was increased from 10 days to 13 days in liquid decayed tank including aeration tank using closed oxidation ditch, TN concentration of effluent appeared below 51 mg/L less than discharge limit, 60 mg/L. In second step, when anoxic tank and oxic tank were installed, HRT has been increased to 13 days and 26 days, respectively. Then average TN concentration of effluent was detected less than 13 mg/L for over one year. The simple process modified the existing two processes resulted in the reduction of costs for operation and maintenance in the personnel, chemical, and filter change sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Lim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongun-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon, 300-716, Korea.
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Kwak HH, Ko SJ, Jung HS, Park HD, Chung IH, Kim HJ. Topographic anatomy of the deep temporal nerves, with references to the superior head of lateral pterygoid. Surg Radiol Anat 2003; 25:393-9. [PMID: 14504814 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-003-0171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2002] [Accepted: 11/10/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Commonly, the nerve branches from the anterior mandibular nerve trunk pass between the roof of infratemporal fossa and the superior head of lateral pterygoid. However, varied courses of the mandibular nerve branches can be frequently observed. The purpose of this study was to clarify the positional relationships and the clinical relevance of the course variations of the branches of the anterior mandibular nerve trunk with reference to the surrounding anatomical structures. Thirty-six hemi-sectioned heads were studied in detail. In 20 cases, the posterior deep temporal nerve had a common trunk with the masseteric nerve and was then divided anteriorly (15 cases) or posteriorly (five cases). In 16 cases, the posterior deep temporal nerve arose from the mandibular nerve trunk independently. Based on the branching patterns of the middle deep temporal nerve, type A (one twig of the middle deep temporal nerve) was most frequent and occurred in 41.7%. Similarly, type B (two twigs), type C (three twigs) and type D (four twigs) were observed in 36.1%, 16.7%, and 5.5%, respectively. The twigs of the middle deep temporal nerve, which pierced the muscle fibers of the superior head of lateral pterygoid, were found in 21 cases (58.3%). Cases in which the middle deep temporal nerve pierced through all areas of the superior head were most frequent (56.5%). These results suggest that the piercing patterns of the middle deep temporal nerve show there is a possibility that it may be compressed during the actions of the superior head of lateral pterygoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kwak
- Division in Anatomy and Histology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) is formed in Parkinsonian patients receiving L-DOPA therapy and is detected in the plasma and urine of these patients. In this study, we have investigated the effects of THP on L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat adrenal pheochromocytoma, PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells up to 10 microM THP or 20 microM L-DOPA after 24 or 48 hr, neither affected the cell viability determined by MTT assay, nor induced apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. However, at concentrations higher than 15 microM, THP showed cytotoxicity through an apoptotic process. In addition, THP at 5-15 microM for both incubation time points significantly enhanced L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity (L-DOPA concentration, 50 microM). Exposure of PC12 cells to THP, L-DOPA and THP plus L-DOPA for 48 hr resulted in a marked increase in the cell loss and percentage of apoptotic cells compared with exposure for 24hr. The enhancing effects of THP on L-DOPA-induced neurotoxicity were concentration- and treated-time-dependent. THP, L-DOPA and THP plus L-DOPA produced a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and decrease in ATP levels, supporting the involvement of oxidative stress in THP- and L-DOPA-induced apoptosis. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine strongly inhibited changes in apoptosis, decreases in cell viability and ROS generation induced by THP associated with L-DOPA. These results suggest that THP aggravates L-DOPA-induced oxidative neurotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC12 cells. Therefore, Parkinsonian patients treated with L-DOPA for long-term need to be monitored for the relationship between plasma concentration of THP and the symptoms of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Joon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, San 48, Kaeshin-Dong, Heungduk-Ku, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Abstract
AIMS In this study, bacteriocidal effects of cinnamic aldehyde on Bacillus cereus were investigated. METHODS The bacterial culture or cell suspension in 0.85% NaCl was treated with cinnamic aldehyde at a concentration of 0.3 ml l(-1). Viable cells were counted on a nutrient agar plate. Protein leakage from the cell was determined using a protein dye. Cell morphology was observed using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Bacillus cereus cells were the most sensitive to cinnamic aldehyde among four different food-borne pathogens. When the cells were treated with 0.3 ml l(-1) of cinnamic aldehyde, the viable counts decreased about 6 log cycles after 6 h of incubation. The bacterial cells remained unlysed although they were killed by cinnamic aldehyde. Treatment of cinnamic aldehyde to the exponential phase cells resulted in no significant protein leakage but strong inhibition of cell separation. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that cinnamic aldehyde exhibits bacteriocidal effects and inhibition of cell separation on B. cereus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These data represent an interesting background for a possible mechanism for antibacterial effects of cinnamic aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Sankyuk, Taegu, Korea
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Lee K, Park CW, Jung WH, Park HD, Lee SH, Chung KH, Park SK, Kwon OH, Kang M, Park DH, Lee SK, Kim EE, Yoon SK, Kim A. Efficacious and orally bioavailable thrombin inhibitors based on a 2,5-thienylamidine at the P1 position: discovery of N-carboxymethyl-d-diphenylalanyl-l-prolyl[(5-amidino-2-thienyl)methyl]amide. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3612-22. [PMID: 12904065 DOI: 10.1021/jm030025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin, a crucial enzyme in the blood coagulation, has been a target for antithrombotic therapy. Orally active thrombin inhibitors would provide effective and safe prophylaxis for venous and arterial thrombosis. We conducted optimization of a highly efficacious benzamidine-based thrombin inhibitor LB30812 (3, K(i) = 3 pM) to improve oral bioavailability. Of a variety of arylamidines investigated at the P1 position, 2,5-thienylamidine effectively replaced the benzamidine without compromising the thrombin inhibitory potency and oral absorption. The sulfamide and sulfonamide derivatization at the N-terminal position in general afforded highly potent thrombin inhibitors but with moderate oral absorption, while the well-absorbable N-carbamate derivatives exhibited limited metabolic stability in S9 fractions. The present work culminated in the discovery of the N-carboxymethyl- and 2,5-thienylamidine-containing compound 22 that exhibits the most favorable profiles of anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities as well as oral bioavilability (K(i) = 15 pM; F = 43%, 42%, and 15% in rats, dogs, and monkeys, respectively). This compound on a gravimetric basis was shown to be more effective than a low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, in the venous thrombosis models of rat and rabbit. Compound 22 (LB30870) was therefore selected for further preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koo Lee
- LG Life Sciences Ltd./R&D Park, P.O. Box 61 Yu-Sung, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, Korea.
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Kim HJ, Kwak HH, Hu KS, Park HD, Kang HC, Jung HS, Koh KS. Topographic anatomy of the mandibular nerve branches distributed on the two heads of the lateral pterygoid. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 32:408-13. [PMID: 14505626 DOI: 10.1054/ijom.2002.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topography of the nerve distribution on the two heads of the lateral pterygoid and to clarify their morphological-functional correlations. The nerve distribution on the lateral pterygoid was studied in 24 hemi-sectioned heads. Both heads of the lateral pterygoid were innervated from the mandibular nerve branches, but with various nerve distribution patterns. The nerves innervating the superior head of the lateral pterygoid originated from the buccal nerve only in 45.8% of cases. In contrast, the nerves innervating the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid originated from both the buccal and mandibular nerve trunk in 58.3% of cases. In the seven distribution categories of the mandibular nerve branches, both the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid had a common source of nerve innervation in only 20.8% of cases, the buccal nerve. In contrast, in 45.9% of cases, additional nerve twigs from the mandibular nerve trunk were distributed on the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid. In summary, besides the buccal nerve described in anatomy textbooks, the nerve branches that originated directly from the mandibular nerve trunk innervated the lateral pterygoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Histology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
To reveal the process of degradation of hepatotoxic microcystin produced in Microcystis cells during the Microcystis bloom period, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to analyze the population dynamics of microcystin-degrading bacteria in Microcystis mucilage. We designed and applied an oligonucleotide probe targeted to the 16S rRNA sequence of strain Y2 of a microcystin-degrading bacterium (MCD-bacterium), which was isolated from Lake Suwa, Japan. In both the 1998 and 1999 tests, FISH clearly showed that MCD-bacteria existed in the mucilage and that, when a high concentration of cell-bound microcystin was detected, MCD-bacteria exceeded 10% of the sum of bacteria hybridized with group-specific probes. The concentration of MCD-bacteria was highest in summer 1998, when a toxic species, M. viridis, was dominant. There was a high correlation between the number of MCD-bacteria in the mucilage and the concentration of cell-bound microcystin in the lake. Our results suggest that MCD-bacteria responded to changes in the concentration of microcystin and degraded the microcystin when it was released from Microcystis cells. We also analyzed changes in the bacterial community structure associated with the Microcystis colonies by using domain- and group-specific oligonucleotide probes. Changes in the concentrations of the Cytophaga/Flavobacterium group and delta-Proteobacteria, which can degrade macromolecules derived from Microcystis cells, were synchronized with changes in the concentration of Microcystis. The results not only suggest the significant role of MCD-bacteria in detoxification, but also demonstrate a possible sequence of degradation from Microcystis cells to microcystin maintained in the cell, which is then carried out by bacterial consortia in the mucilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maruyama
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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39
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Abstract
AIMS In this study, some physical properties of Bacillus sp. exo-polysaccharide were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS An extracellular polysaccharide was purified by sequential precipitations after homogenization of the diluted culture supernatant of Bacillus sp. CP912. Its physical properties were examined such as lipid emulsifying effect on several vegetable oils and flocculating activity against the activated carbon suspension. The melting point and endothermic calories of the polysaccharide were 128.7 degrees C and 50.864 kCal mol-1, respectively. Its pyrolysis temperature was 284.58 degrees C. The polysaccharide showed high lipid emulsifying activity on oil-water emulsion, against olive, peanut, sunflower and corn oils. It exhibited high flocculating activity as well against activated carbon. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that the extracellular polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp. CP912 has a great industrial potential because of its high lipid emulsifying and flocculating activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These data represent a novel Bacillus sp. extracellular polysaccharide possessing high emulsifying and flocculating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- U J Yun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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40
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Park HD, Kim HJ, Oh YS, Kim IC, Kim YZ, Koh HC, Shin IC, Lee YH, Lee CH. LB30057, an orally effective direct thrombin inhibitor, prevents arterial and venous thrombosis in rats and dogs. Arch Pharm Res 2003; 26:224-31. [PMID: 12723936 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The anti-thrombotic effects of LB30057, a direct thrombin inhibitor, were evaluated with in vivo rat and dog thrombosis models. In rats, 1 mg/kg of LB30057 inhibited half of the clot formations in the inferior vena cava at 5 minutes after intravenous application. When measured at 2 hours after oral application, 100 mg/kg prevented approximately half of the clot formations in the inferior vena cava and 50 mg/kg prolonged the mean occlusion time from 15.6 +/- 1.3 minutes to 47.2 +/- 8.3 minutes in the carotid artery. In dogs, the formation of thrombus in the jugular vein was reduced to half at a dose range of 20-30 mg/kg at 6 hours after oral application. In addition, the LB30057 dosage required to reduce venous clot formation by approximately 80-90% in dogs was only about 10% of that required for the same reduction in rats. This is probably due to the variation in its time-dependent blood concentration profiles in each species; for example, the plasma half-life of LB71350 in dogs was longer than that in rats (153.0 +/- 3.0 vs. 129.7 +/- 12.7 min at 30 mg/kg, i.v., respectively). AUC, T(max), C(max), and BA in dogs were 59, 8.9, 9.17, and 13.3 times higher than those in rats at oral 30 mg/kg, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that LB30057 administered orally is effective in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis in rats and dogs. It therefore represents a good lead compound for investigations to discover a new, orally available, therapeutic agent for treating thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Dong Park
- LG Biotech Research Institute, LG Chem, Daejeon 305-380, Korea
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41
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Abstract
AIMS To examine cholesterol degradation by Bacillus subtilis SFF34. METHODS AND RESULTS Cholesterol degradation and cholesterol oxidase production by B. subtilis SFF34 were investigated in a medium containing 0.2% cholesterol. In addition, the oxidized product of cholesterol by the purified cholesterol oxidase was detected using a gas chromatograph. Cholesterol oxidase production reached its maximal level (3.14 U ml(-1) after 24 h of incubation in the cholesterol medium. The residual cholesterol content reduced to 0.98 mg g(-1) after 60 h of cultivation in the cholesterol medium. Two cholesterol oxidases were purified from the culture supernatant fluid and their reaction product against cholesterol was identified as 4-cholesten-3-one. CONCLUSIONS B. subtilis SFF34 degraded cholesterol and produced a high level of extracellular cholesterol oxidase. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Bacillus subtilis will be very useful for the reduction of cholesterol in many fermented foods and as a source of cholesterol oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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42
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Regan JM, Oldenburg PS, Park HD, Harrington GW, Noguera DR. Simultaneous determination of bacterial viability and identity in biofilms using ethidium monoazide and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:123-128. [PMID: 12701916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for simultaneously interrogating bacterial viability and identity using in situ, culture-independent methods is described. Viability is assayed using ethidium monoazide (EMA) staining of cells with compromised membranes, and identity is determined using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Experiments with planktonic cultures were used to demonstrate the compatibility of EMA staining and FISH after covalently bonding EMA to nucleic acids by photoreaction. Applications to biofilm samples showed that diffusion limitations in the biofilm matrix were not problematic and that effective discrimination of viable target cells within a mixed microbial community was possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Regan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 18802, USA
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Lee K, Jung WH, Park CW, Park HD, Lee SH, Kwon OH. Noncovalent tripeptidic thrombin inhibitors incorporating amidrazone, amine and amidine functions at P1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1017-22. [PMID: 11909707 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of noncovalent tripeptidic thrombin inhibitors incorporating amidrazone, amine and amidine functions at P1 was investigated. While the amidrazone and the amine series displayed limited oral absorption, the amidine series demonstrated generally good oral absorption and strong antithrombotic activity; the single-digit picomolar K(i) achieved from this series is among the best yet reported. The present work highlights the benzamidine compound 11f (LB30812) that exhibits excellent overall profiles of potency, oral absorption and antithrombotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koo Lee
- Life Science R&D, LGCI, PO Box 61 Yu-Sung, Science Town, Taejon 305-380, Republic of
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Ko YG, Kim YH, Park KD, Lee HJ, Lee WK, Park HD, Kim SH, Lee GS, Ahn DJ. Immobilization of poly(ethylene glycol) or its sulfonate onto polymer surfaces by ozone oxidation. Biomaterials 2001; 22:2115-23. [PMID: 11432591 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel surface modification method has been developed to improve biocompatibility of polymeric biomaterials. This approach involves ozonation and then followed by graft polymerization with acrylates containing PEG, sulfonated PEG or by coupling of PEG derivatives. All the reactions were confirmed by ATR FT-IR and ESCA. The degree of ozonation measured by the iodide method was dependent on the ozone permeability of the polymers used. Surface hydrophilicity was investigated by measuring the contact angles. Ozonation itself yielded a slight increase in hydrophilicity and a decrease in platelet adhesion, but PEG immobilization showed a significant effect on surface hydrophilicity and platelet adhesion to confirm well-known PEG's passivity which minimize the adhesion of blood components on polymer surfaces. Both graft polymerization and coupling were effective for PU. In contrast, only grafting gave enough yields for PMMA and silicone. Platelet adhesion results demonstrated that all PEG modified surfaces adsorbed lower platelet adhesion than untreated or ozonated ones. Polymers coupled with sulfonated PEG exhibited the lowest platelet adhesion when compared with control and PEG coupled ones by virtue of the synergistic effect of non-adhesive PEG and negatively charged SO3 groups. This PEG or sulfonated PEG immobilization technology using ozonation is relatively simple for introducing uniform surface modification and therefore very useful for practical application of blood contacting medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Ko
- Biomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul, South Korea
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45
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Rhee CH, Park HD. Three glycoproteins with antimutagenic activity identified in Lactobacillus plantarum KLAB21. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:3445-9. [PMID: 11472917 PMCID: PMC93041 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.8.3445-3449.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2000] [Accepted: 05/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimutagenic substances were purified from a culture supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum KLAB21 cells isolated from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented vegetable, and their characteristics were investigated. The antimutagenic substances were separated into two fractions by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange column chromatography, which were designated the R1 and R2 fractions. The R1 fraction was then divided into two fractions again by Sephadex G200 gel filtration chromatography, and the fractions were designated R1-1 and R1-2. All three fractions were further purified using a Sepharose CL-6B gel filtration column. All the purified fractions were successfully stained with fuchsin as well as Coomassie brilliant blue, suggesting that they are glycoproteins. The purified fractions were confirmed to possess antimutagenic activity against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium TA100 cells. Their molecular masses were determined to be 16 (R1-1), 11 (R1-2), and 14 (R2) kDa on the Sepharose CL-6B column. Total sugar contents were 8.4% (R1-1), 7.3% (R1-2), and 9.4% (R2). The amino acid compositions of the fractions were different from each other; the major amino acids were glutamic acid (21.5%) and phenylalanine (17.1%) in the R1-1 fraction and glycine (41.3%) in the R1-2 fraction, but valine (31%) and phenylalanine (22.6%) were the major amino acids in the R2 fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Rhee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Sankyuk, Taegu 702-701, Korea
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46
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Woo IS, Kim IH, Yun UJ, Chung SK, Rhee IK, Choi SW, Park HD. An improved method for determination of ethyl carbamate in Korean traditional rice wine. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 26:363-8. [PMID: 11571620 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.7000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2001] [Accepted: 03/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An improved extraction method for ethyl carbamate, a genotoxic and carcinogenic compound found in various fermented foods and beverages, was investigated for its determination in the two most typical Korean traditional rice wines, takju and yakju. When the rice wines were extracted twice with chloroform at 30 degrees C for 60 min, the recovery of ethyl carbamate was less than 16%. When they were saturated with NaCl before extraction, the recovery of ethyl carbamate increased to 24.4% in takju and 67.2% in yakju. Adjustment of pH to 9.0 after NaCl saturation in takju resulted in a dramatic increase of recovery to 81.2%, but not in yakju. When the contents of ethyl carbamate and its precursor, urea, in various Korean traditional rice wines were determined, there was no correlation between the two contents. This is due to the fact that storage time is more important than urea content in the formation of ethyl carbamate in rice wine. In addition, its storage at high temperature resulted in a dramatic increase in ethyl carbamate content according to the prolonged storage time, suggesting that storage time and temperature play a key role in the formation of ethyl carbamate in Korean traditional rice wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Woo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk, Taegu 702-701, Korea
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47
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Kim MK, Park IS, Park HD, Wee WR, Lee JH, Park KD, Kim SH, Kim YH. Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) graft polymerization of poly(methyl methacrylate) on cell adhesion. J Cataract Refract Surg 2001; 27:766-74. [PMID: 11377910 DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350(00)00701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of surface modification of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafting on cell adhesion. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS The PMMA surface was oxidized with ozone, and PEG acrylate was then graft polymerized. To verify the PEG grafting on the surface, the oxygen content was measured by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The contact angle was measured using the Wilhelmy plate method. The adhesion of keratocytes on modified PMMA was investigated in vitro. Cultured rabbit keratocytes (4 x10(5) cells/mL) were layered on each PMMA disk, cultured in a carbon dioxide incubator for 24 hours, harvested by trypsinization, and counted. A commercially available intraocular lens was modified as described and then inserted in the anterior chamber of a white rabbit. The cell adherence pattern on the modified IOL was examined by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The PEG-grafted PMMA revealed a higher oxygen content and lower dynamic receding contact angles than the untreated PMMA. The mean number of adhered cells was 72.5 +/- 22 x 10(4)/mL for untreated PMMA. After PEG grafting of 1 hour and ozone oxidation of 2 hours, the adherent cell counts significantly decreased to 6.5 +/- 1.7 x 10(4)/mL and 7.6 +/- 1.6 x 10(4)/mL, respectively (P =.002). Scanning electron microscopy showed small round cells sparsely scattered on the modified PMMA in contrast to the untreated PMMA. CONCLUSION Surface modification of PMMA using PEG grafting reduced cell adhesion. This may decrease the incidence of retroprosthetic membrane formation after keratoprosthesis surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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48
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Park HD, Sasaki Y, Maruyama T, Yanagisawa E, Hiraishi A, Kato K. Degradation of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin by a new bacterium isolated from a hypertrophic lake. Environ Toxicol 2001; 16:337-343. [PMID: 11501283 DOI: 10.1002/tox.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A bacterium capable of degrading microcystins-RR, -YR, and -LR was isolated from a hypertrophic lake. The bacterium, designated Y2 and classified phenotypically as a member of the genus Sphingomonas, was shown to be distinct phylogenetically from any established species of Sphingomonas on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. The bacterium was tentatively identified as Sphingomonas by manual chemotaxonomy, but 16S rRNA sequencing analysis suggests that it is in fact a new species or even a new genus. When the Y2 bacterium was added to microcystins present in culture medium, the microcystins were degraded thoroughly in 4 days. The highest degradation rates of microcystins-RR and -LR were 13 and 5.4 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. The degradation rates were strongly dependent on temperature and the maximum rate was at 30 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Park
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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Harada K, Mayumi T, Shimada T, Fujii K, Kondo F, Park HD, Watanabe MF. Co-production of microcystins and aeruginopeptins by natural cyanobacterial bloom. Environ Toxicol 2001; 16:298-305. [PMID: 11501278 DOI: 10.1002/tox.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between Microcystis composition and the production of microcystins and nontoxic peptides in bloom cells, which was regularly collected in Lake Suwa, Japan, in the summer season from 1991 to 1994, was investigated. In order to determine the structures of the nontoxic peptides, we collected large amounts of bloom materials from the same lake on July 23, 1991, and isolated three nontoxic peptides. They were named as aeruginopeptins 917S-A, -B, and -C, and their structures were mainly determined by a mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technique as 19-membered cyclic depsipeptides possessing the Ahp (3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone) moiety. An analysis of the microcystins and aeruginopeptins in the collected blood cells and their Microcystis composition suggested that the M. aeruginosa large cell size produces both microcystins and aeruginopeptins, and the production of both compounds is genetically closely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Harada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
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50
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Woo IS, Rhee IK, Park HD. Differential damage in bacterial cells by microwave radiation on the basis of cell wall structure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:2243-7. [PMID: 10788410 PMCID: PMC101483 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.5.2243-2247.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/1999] [Accepted: 02/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave radiation in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis cell suspensions resulted in a dramatic reduction of the viable counts as well as increases in the amounts of DNA and protein released from the cells according to the increase of the final temperature of the cell suspensions. However, no significant reduction of cell density was observed in either cell suspension. It is believed that this is due to the fact that most of the bacterial cells inactivated by microwave radiation remained unlysed. Scanning electron microscopy of the microwave-heated cells revealed severe damage on the surface of most E. coli cells, yet there was no significant change observed in the B. subtilis cells. Microwave-injured E. coli cells were easily lysed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), yet B. subtilis cells were resistant to SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Woo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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