101
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Abstract
Phagocytosis refers to the active process that allows cells to take up large particulate material upon binding to surface receptors. The discovery of phagocytosis in 1883 by Elie Metchnikoff, leading to the concept that specialized cells are implicated in the defense against microbes, was one of the starting points of the field of immunology. After more than a century of research, phagocytosis is now appreciated to be a widely used process that enables the cellular uptake of a remarkable variety of particles, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, dead cells, and assorted debris and solid materials. Uptake of foreign particles is performed almost exclusively by specialized myeloid cells, commonly termed "professional phagocytes": neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Phagocytosis of microbes not only stops or at least restricts the spread of infection but also plays an important role in regulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. Activation of the myeloid cells upon phagocytosis leads to the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that convey signals to a variety of immune cells. Moreover, foreign antigens generated by the degradation of microbes following phagocytosis are loaded onto the major histocompatibility complex for presentation to specific T lymphocytes. However, phagocytosis is not restricted to professional myeloid phagocytes; an expanding diversity of cell types appear capable of engulfing apoptotic bodies and debris, playing a critical role in tissue remodeling and in the clearance of billions of effete cells every day.
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102
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E. coli promotes human Vγ9Vδ2 T cell transition from cytokine-producing bactericidal effectors to professional phagocytic killers in a TCR-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2805. [PMID: 28584241 PMCID: PMC5459831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
γδT cells provide immune-surveillance and host defense against infection and cancer. Surprisingly, functional details of γδT cell antimicrobial immunity to infection remain largely unexplored. Limited data suggests that γδT cells can phagocytose particles and act as professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPC). These potential functions, however, remain controversial. To better understand γδT cell-bacterial interactions, an ex vivo co-culture model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) responses to Escherichia coli was employed. Vγ9Vδ2 cells underwent rapid T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent proliferation and functional transition from cytotoxic, inflammatory cytokine immunity, to cell expansion with diminished cytokine but increased costimulatory molecule expression, and capacity for professional phagocytosis. Phagocytosis was augmented by IgG opsonization, and inhibited by TCR-blockade, suggesting a licensing interaction involving the TCR and FcγR. Vγ9Vδ2 cells displayed potent cytotoxicity through TCR-dependent and independent mechanisms. We conclude that γδT cells transition from early inflammatory cytotoxic killers to myeloid-like APC in response to infectious stimuli.
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103
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Garapaty A, Champion JA. Tunable particles alter macrophage uptake based on combinatorial effects of physical properties. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:92-101. [PMID: 29313025 PMCID: PMC5689517 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to tune phagocytosis of particle-based therapeutics by macrophages can enhance their delivery to macrophages or reduce their phagocytic susceptibility for delivery to non-phagocytic cells. Since phagocytosis is affected by the physical and chemical properties of particles, it is crucial to identify any interplay between physical properties of particles in altering phagocytic interactions. The combinatorial effect of physical properties size, shape and stiffness was investigated on Fc receptor mediated macrophage interactions by fabrication of layer-by-layer tunable particles of constant surface chemistry. Our results highlight how changing particle stiffness affects phagocytic interaction intricately when combined with varying size or shape. Increase in size plays a dominant role over reduction in stiffness in reducing internalization by macrophages for spherical particles. Internalization of rod-shaped, but not spherical particles, was highly dependent on stiffness. These particles demonstrate the interplay between size, shape and stiffness in interactions of Fc-functionalized particles with macrophages during phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Garapaty
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332
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104
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Zwozdesky MA, Fei C, Lillico DME, Stafford JL. Imaging flow cytometry and GST pulldown assays provide new insights into channel catfish leukocyte immune-type receptor-mediated phagocytic pathways. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:126-138. [PMID: 27984101 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) leukocyte immune-type receptors (IpLITRs) control various innate immune cell effector responses including the phagocytic process. This large immunoregulatory receptor family also consists of multiple receptor-types with variable signaling abilities that is dependent on their inherent or acquired tyrosine-containing cytoplasmic tail (CYT) regions. For example, IpLITR 2.6b associates with the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adaptor molecule IpFcRγ-L, and when expressed in mammalian cells it activates phagocytosis using a similar profile of intracellular signaling mediators that also regulate the prototypical mammalian Fc receptor (FcR) phagocytic pathway. Alternatively, IpLITR 1.1b contains a long tyrosine-containing CYT with multifunctional capabilities including both inhibitory and stimulatory actions. Recently, we demonstrated that IpLITR 1.1b activates a unique phagocytic pathway involving the generation of multiple plasma membrane extensions that rapidly capture extracellular targets and secure them on the cell surface in phagocytic cup-like structures. Occasionally, these captured targets are completely engulfed albeit at a significantly lower rate than what was observed for IpLITR 2.6b. While this novel IpLITR 1.1b phagocytic activity is insensitive to classical blockers of phagocytosis, its distinct target capture and engulfment actions depend on the engagement of the actin polymerization machinery. However, it is not known how this protein translates target recognition into intracellular signaling events during this atypical mode of phagocytosis. Using imaging flow cytometry and GST pulldown assays, the aims of this study were to specifically examine what regions of the IpLITR 1.1b CYT trigger phagocytosis and to establish what profile of intracellular signaling molecules likely participate in its actions. Our results show that in stably transfected AD293 cells, the membrane proximal and distal CYT segments of IpLITR 1.1b independently regulate its phagocytic activities. These CYT regions were also shown to differentially recruit various SH2 domain-containing intracellular mediators, which provides new information about the dynamic immunoregulatory abilities of IpLITR 1.1b. Overall, this work further advances our understanding of how certain immunoregulatory receptor-types link extracellular target binding events to the actin polymerization machinery during a non-classical mode of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron A Zwozdesky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chenjie Fei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dustin M E Lillico
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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105
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Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, de Melo WDCMA, da Silva JDF, Assato PA, Scorzoni L, Rossi SA, de Paula E Silva ACA, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Anti-Immune Strategies of Pathogenic Fungi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:142. [PMID: 27896220 PMCID: PMC5108756 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi have developed many strategies to evade the host immune system. Multiple escape mechanisms appear to function together to inhibit attack by the various stages of both the adaptive and the innate immune response. Thus, after entering the host, such pathogens fight to overcome the immune system to allow their survival, colonization and spread to different sites of infection. Consequently, the establishment of a successful infectious process is closely related to the ability of the pathogen to modulate attack by the immune system. Most strategies employed to subvert or exploit the immune system are shared among different species of fungi. In this review, we summarize the main strategies employed for immune evasion by some of the major pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo C de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Wanessa de Cássia M Antunes de Melo
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patrícia A Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Suélen A Rossi
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana C A de Paula E Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria J S Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana M Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brasil
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106
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Zagorodko O, Arroyo-Crespo JJ, Nebot VJ, Vicent MJ. Polypeptide-Based Conjugates as Therapeutics: Opportunities and Challenges. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Zagorodko
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Juan José Arroyo-Crespo
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Vicent J. Nebot
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
- Polypeptide Therapeutic Solutions SL; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe; Valencia 46012 Spain
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107
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Wolfowicz I, Baumgarten S, Voss PA, Hambleton EA, Voolstra CR, Hatta M, Guse A. Aiptasia sp. larvae as a model to reveal mechanisms of symbiont selection in cnidarians. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32366. [PMID: 27582179 PMCID: PMC5007887 DOI: 10.1038/srep32366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis, defined as the persistent association between two distinct species, is an evolutionary and ecologically critical phenomenon facilitating survival of both partners in diverse habitats. The biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems depends on a functional symbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the highly diverse genus Symbiodinium, which reside in coral host cells and continuously support their nutrition. The mechanisms underlying symbiont selection to establish a stable endosymbiosis in non-symbiotic juvenile corals are unclear. Here we show for the first time that symbiont selection patterns for larvae of two Acropora coral species and the model anemone Aiptasia are similar under controlled conditions. We find that Aiptasia larvae distinguish between compatible and incompatible symbionts during uptake into the gastric cavity and phagocytosis. Using RNA-Seq, we identify a set of candidate genes potentially involved in symbiosis establishment. Together, our data complement existing molecular resources to mechanistically dissect symbiont phagocytosis in cnidarians under controlled conditions, thereby strengthening the role of Aiptasia larvae as a powerful model for cnidarian endosymbiosis establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliona Wolfowicz
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Baumgarten
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philipp A. Voss
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Christian R. Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masayuki Hatta
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Annika Guse
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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108
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Insight into the cellular fate and toxicity of aluminium adjuvants used in clinically approved human vaccinations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31578. [PMID: 27515230 PMCID: PMC4981857 DOI: 10.1038/srep31578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium adjuvants remain the most widely used and effective adjuvants in vaccination and immunotherapy. Herein, the particle size distribution (PSD) of aluminium oxyhydroxide and aluminium hydroxyphosphate adjuvants was elucidated in attempt to correlate these properties with the biological responses observed post vaccination. Heightened solubility and potentially the generation of Al3+ in the lysosomal environment were positively correlated with an increase in cell mortality in vitro, potentially generating a greater inflammatory response at the site of simulated injection. The cellular uptake of aluminium based adjuvants (ABAs) used in clinically approved vaccinations are compared to a commonly used experimental ABA, in an in vitro THP-1 cell model. Using lumogallion as a direct-fluorescent molecular probe for aluminium, complemented with transmission electron microscopy provides further insight into the morphology of internalised particulates, driven by the physicochemical variations of the ABAs investigated. We demonstrate that not all aluminium adjuvants are equal neither in terms of their physical properties nor their biological reactivity and potential toxicities both at the injection site and beyond. High loading of aluminium oxyhydroxide in the cytoplasm of THP-1 cells without immediate cytotoxicity might predispose this form of aluminium adjuvant to its subsequent transport throughout the body including access to the brain.
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109
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Gordon S. Phagocytosis: An Immunobiologic Process. Immunity 2016; 44:463-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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110
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Truong NP, Whittaker MR, Anastasaki A, Haddleton DM, Quinn JF, Davis TP. Facile production of nanoaggregates with tuneable morphologies from thermoresponsive P(DEGMA-co-HPMA). Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01467k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene and subsequent morphological transition produces nanoaggregates with tuneable morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia P. Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - David M. Haddleton
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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111
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Achouri S, Wright JA, Evans L, Macleod C, Fraser G, Cicuta P, Bryant CE. The frequency and duration of Salmonella-macrophage adhesion events determines infection efficiency. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140033. [PMID: 25533091 PMCID: PMC4275903 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica causes a range of important diseases in humans and a in a variety of animal species. The ability of bacteria to adhere to, invade and survive within host cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Salmonella infections. In systemic salmonellosis, macrophages constitute a niche for the proliferation of bacteria within the host organism. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is flagellated and the frequency with which this bacterium collides with a cell is important for infection efficiency. We investigated how bacterial motility affects infection efficiency, using a combination of population-level macrophage infection experiments and direct imaging of single-cell infection events, comparing wild-type and motility mutants. Non-motile and aflagellate bacterial strains, in contrast to wild-type bacteria, collide less frequently with macrophages, are in contact with the cell for less time and infect less frequently. Run-biased Salmonella also collide less frequently with macrophages but maintain contact with macrophages for a longer period of time than wild-type strains and infect the cells more readily. Our results suggest that uptake of S. Typhimurium by macrophages is dependent upon the duration of contact time of the bacterium with the cell, in addition to the frequency with which the bacteria collide with the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Achouri
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - John A Wright
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Lewis Evans
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Charlotte Macleod
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Gillian Fraser
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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112
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Sanchez L, Patton P, Anthony SM, Yi Y, Yu Y. Tracking single-particle rotation during macrophage uptake. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5346-52. [PMID: 26059797 PMCID: PMC4657870 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the rotational dynamics of single microparticles during their internalization by macrophage cells. The microparticles used were triblock patchy particles that display two fluorescent patches on their two poles. The optical anisotropy made it possible to directly visualize and quantify the orientation and rotation of the particles. We show that particles exhibit a mixture of fast and slow rotation as they are uptaken by macrophages and transiently undergo directional rotation during their entry into the cell. The size of the particles and the surface presentation of ligands exerted a negligible influence on this heterogeneity of particle rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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113
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Tsukasaki Y, Komatsuzaki A, Mori Y, Ma Q, Yoshioka Y, Jin T. A short-wavelength infrared emitting multimodal probe for non-invasive visualization of phagocyte cell migration in living mice. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:14356-9. [PMID: 25296382 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the non-invasive visualization of cell migration in deep tissues, we synthesized a short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) emitting multimodal probe that contains PbS/CdS quantum dots, rhodamine 6G and iron oxide nanoparticles. This probe enables multimodal (SWIR fluorescence/magnetic resonance) imaging of phagocyte cell migration in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tsukasaki
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
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114
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Overdijk MB, Verploegen S, Bögels M, van Egmond M, van Bueren JJL, Mutis T, Groen RWJ, Breij E, Martens ACM, Bleeker WK, Parren PWHI. Antibody-mediated phagocytosis contributes to the anti-tumor activity of the therapeutic antibody daratumumab in lymphoma and multiple myeloma. MAbs 2015; 7:311-21. [PMID: 25760767 PMCID: PMC4622648 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1007813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Daratumumab (DARA) is a human CD38-specific IgG1 antibody that is in clinical development for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). The potential for IgG1 antibodies to induce macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, in combination with the known presence of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment in MM and other hematological tumors, led us to investigate the contribution of antibody-dependent, macrophage-mediated phagocytosis to DARA's mechanism of action. Live cell imaging revealed that DARA efficiently induced macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, in which individual macrophages rapidly and sequentially engulfed multiple tumor cells. DARA-dependent phagocytosis by mouse and human macrophages was also observed in an in vitro flow cytometry assay, using a range of MM and Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Phagocytosis contributed to DARA's anti-tumor activity in vivo, in both a subcutaneous and an intravenous leukemic xenograft mouse model. Finally, DARA was shown to induce macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of MM cells isolated from 11 of 12 MM patients that showed variable levels of CD38 expression. In summary, we demonstrate that phagocytosis is a fast, potent and clinically relevant mechanism of action that may contribute to the therapeutic activity of DARA in multiple myeloma and potentially other hematological tumors.
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Key Words
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- BL, Burkitt's lymphoma
- BM, bone marrow
- Burkitt's lymphoma
- CCS, cosmic calf serum
- CD38
- CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- DARA, daratumumab
- DP, double positive
- E:T, effector to target ratio
- FcγR, Fc-gamma receptor
- IMiD, immunomodulatory drug
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MNC, mononuclear cells
- Mϕ, macrophage
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- daratumumab
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- macrophage
- multiple myeloma
- phagocytosis
- therapeutic antibody
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marijn Bögels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tuna Mutis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology; University Medical Center; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard WJ Groen
- Department of Cell Biology; University Medical Center; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anton CM Martens
- Department of Cell Biology; University Medical Center; Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology; University Medical Center; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul WHI Parren
- Genmab; Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden, The Netherlands
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115
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Pryor PR, Rofe AP. Isolating phagosomes from tissue culture cells. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2014; 2014:1320-3. [PMID: 25447278 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot074468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is the process by which receptors at the plasma membrane are used to engulf a particle such as a bacterium, parasite, or dead cell. Phagosomes can be isolated from tissue culture cells by various centrifugation methods, including the use of differential density gradients or sucrose step gradients, but these methods are time-consuming or otherwise difficult. We describe here a protocol that avoids centrifugation and relies instead on the uptake of magnetic beads to rapidly isolate the phagosomal compartment from tissue culture cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Pryor
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Rofe
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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116
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Truong NP, Whittaker MR, Mak CW, Davis TP. The importance of nanoparticle shape in cancer drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:129-42. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.950564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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