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Lin HA, Weng YH, Mulia T, Liu CL, Lin YC, Yu YY, Chen WC. Electrical Double-Layer Transistors Comprising Block Copolymer Electrolytes for Low-Power-Consumption Photodetectors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38706304 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrical double-layer transistors (EDLTs) have received extensive research attention owing to their exciting advantages of low working voltage, high biocompatibility, and sensitive interfacial properties in ultrasensitive portable sensing applications. Therefore, it is of great interest to reduce photodetectors' operating voltage and power consumption by utilizing photo-EDLT. In this study, a series of block copolymers (BCPs) of poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (P4VP-b-PEO) with different compositions were applied to formulate polyelectrolyte with indigo carmine salt in EDLT. Accordingly, PEO conduces ion conduction in the BCP electrolyte and enhances the carrier transport capability in the semiconducting channel; P4VP boosts the photocurrent by providing charge-trapping sites during light illumination. In addition, the severe aggregation of PEO is mitigated by forming a BCP structure with P4VP, enhancing the stability and photoresponse of the photo-EDLT. By optimizing the BCP composition, EDLT comprising P4VP16k-b-PEO5k and indigo carmine provides the highest specific detectivity of 2.1 × 107 Jones, along with ultralow power consumptions of 0.59 nW under 450 nm light illumination and 0.32 pW under dark state. The results indicate that photo-EDLT comprising the BCP electrolyte is a practical approach to reducing phototransistors' operating voltage and power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-An Lin
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tiffany Mulia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yen Yu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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2
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Biro RA, Tyrode EC, Thormann E. Reducing Ice Adhesion to Polyelectrolyte Surfaces by Counterion-Mediated Nonfrozen Hydration Water. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38602190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophilic anti-icing coatings can be energy-effective passive solutions for combating ice accretion and reducing ice adhesion. However, their underlying mechanisms of action remain inferential and are ill-defined from a molecular perspective. Here, we systematically investigate the influence of the counterion identity on the shear ice adhesion strength to cationic polymer coatings having quaternary alkyl ammonium moieties as chargeable groups. Temperature-dependent molecular information on the hydrated polymer films is obtained using total internal reflection (TIR) Raman spectroscopy, complemented with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ellipsometry. Ice adhesion measurements show a pronounced counterion-specific behavior with a sharp increase in adhesion at temperatures that depend on the anion identity, following the order Cl- < F- < SCN- < Br- < I-. Linked to the freezing of hydration water, the specific ordering results from differences in ion pairing and the amount of water present within the polymer film. Moreover, similar effects can be promoted by varying the cross-linking density in the coating while keeping the anion identity fixed. These findings shed new light on low ice adhesion mechanisms and may inspire novel approaches for improved anti-icing coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Biro
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eric C Tyrode
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Santoso LL, Prakoso SP, Bui HK, Hong QA, Huang SY, Chiang TC, Huang KY, Nurkhamidah S, Tristantini D, Chiu YC. A Green High-k Dielectric from Modified Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based with Dextrin. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400059. [PMID: 38538294 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Many crucial components inside electronic devices are made from non-renewable, non-biodegradable, and potentially toxic materials, leading to environmental damage. Finding alternative green dielectric materials is mandatory to align with global sustainable goals. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a bio-polymer derived from cellulose and has outstanding properties. Herein, citric acid, dextrin, and CMC based hydrogels are prepared, which are biocompatible and biodegradable and exhibit rubber-like mechanical properties, with Young modulus values of 0.89 MPa. Hence, thin film CMC-based hydrogel is explored as a suitable green high-k dielectric candidate for operation at low voltages, demonstrating a high dielectric constant of up to 78. These fabricated transistors reveal stable high capacitance (2090 nF cm-2) for ≈±3 V operation. Using a polyelectrolyte-type approach and poly-(2-vinyl anthracene) (PVAn) surface modification, this study demonstrates a thin dielectric layer (d ≈30 nm) with a small voltage threshold (Vth ≈-0.8 V), moderate transconductance (gm ≈65 nS), and high ON-OFF ratio (≈105). Furthermore, the dielectric layer exhibits stable performance under bias stress of ± 3.5 V and 100 cycles of switching tests. The modified CMC-based hydrogel demonstrates desirable performance as a green dielectric for low-voltage operation, further highlighting its biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Lukhas Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Suhendro Purbo Prakoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Khue Bui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Qi-An Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Yu Huang
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chin Chiang
- The Second Research Division, Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kuan-Yeh Huang
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Siti Nurkhamidah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Tristantini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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4
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Zhang Y, Bharathi V, Dokoshi T, de Anda J, Ursery LT, Kulkarni NN, Nakamura Y, Chen J, Luo EWC, Wang L, Xu H, Coady A, Zurich R, Lee MW, Matsui T, Lee H, Chan LC, Schepmoes AA, Lipton MS, Zhao R, Adkins JN, Clair GC, Thurlow LR, Schisler JC, Wolfgang MC, Hagan RS, Yeaman MR, Weiss TM, Chen X, Li MMH, Nizet V, Antoniak S, Mackman N, Gallo RL, Wong GCL. Viral afterlife: SARS-CoV-2 as a reservoir of immunomimetic peptides that reassemble into proinflammatory supramolecular complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2300644120. [PMID: 38306481 PMCID: PMC10861912 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300644120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection leads to the strong but ineffective inflammatory response that characterizes severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with amplified immune activation in diverse cell types, including cells without angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors necessary for infection. Proteolytic degradation of SARS-CoV-2 virions is a milestone in host viral clearance, but the impact of remnant viral peptide fragments from high viral loads is not known. Here, we examine the inflammatory capacity of fragmented viral components from the perspective of supramolecular self-organization in the infected host environment. Interestingly, a machine learning analysis to SARS-CoV-2 proteome reveals sequence motifs that mimic host antimicrobial peptides (xenoAMPs), especially highly cationic human cathelicidin LL-37 capable of augmenting inflammation. Such xenoAMPs are strongly enriched in SARS-CoV-2 relative to low-pathogenicity coronaviruses. Moreover, xenoAMPs from SARS-CoV-2 but not low-pathogenicity homologs assemble double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into nanocrystalline complexes with lattice constants commensurate with the steric size of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and therefore capable of multivalent binding. Such complexes amplify cytokine secretion in diverse uninfected cell types in culture (epithelial cells, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, monocytes, and macrophages), similar to cathelicidin's role in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. The induced transcriptome matches well with the global gene expression pattern in COVID-19, despite using <0.3% of the viral proteome. Delivery of these complexes to uninfected mice boosts plasma interleukin-6 and CXCL1 levels as observed in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310012, China
| | - Vanthana Bharathi
- University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Tatsuya Dokoshi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Jaime de Anda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Lauryn Tumey Ursery
- University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Nikhil N. Kulkarni
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Yoshiyuki Nakamura
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Jonathan Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Elizabeth W. C. Luo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Lamei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Hua Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Alison Coady
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Raymond Zurich
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Michelle W. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - HongKyu Lee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
| | - Liana C. Chan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA90502
| | - Athena A. Schepmoes
- Environmental Molecular Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Mary S. Lipton
- Environmental Molecular Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Rui Zhao
- Environmental Molecular Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Joshua N. Adkins
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Geremy C. Clair
- Biological Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA99354
| | - Lance R. Thurlow
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Jonathan C. Schisler
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Robert S. Hagan
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Michael R. Yeaman
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles County, Torrance, CA90502
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA90502
| | - Thomas M. Weiss
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA94025
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Melody M. H. Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Nigel Mackman
- University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Gerard C. L. Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA9009
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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Marin A, Kethanapalli SH, Andrianov AK. Immunopotentiating Polyphosphazene Delivery Systems: Supramolecular Self-Assembly and Stability in the Presence of Plasma Proteins. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:791-800. [PMID: 38206583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Studies on the biological performance of nanomedicines have been increasingly focused on the paradigm shifting role of the protein corona, which is imminently formed once the formulation is placed in a complex physiological environment. This phenomenon is predominantly studied in the context of protein adsorption science, while such interactions for water-soluble systems remain virtually unexplored. In particular, the importance of plasma protein binding is yet to be understood for pharmaceuticals designed on the basis of supramolecular architectures, which generally lack well-defined surfaces. Water-soluble ionic polyphosphazenes, clinically proven immunoadjuvants and vaccine delivery vehicles, represent an example of a system that requires supramolecular coassembly with antigenic proteins to attain an optimal immunopotentiating effect. Herein, the self-assembly behavior and stability of noncovalently bound complexes on the basis of a model antigen─hen egg lysozyme─and polyphosphazene adjuvant are studied in the presence of plasma proteins utilizing isothermal calorimetry, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, dynamic light scattering, and size exclusion chromatography methods. The results demonstrate that although plasma proteins, such as human serum albumin (HSA), show detectable avidity to polyphosphazene, the strength of such interactions is significantly lower than that for the model antigen. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters indicate different models of binding: entropy driven, which is consistent with the counterion release mechanism for albumin versus electrostatic interactions for lysozyme, which are characterized by beneficial enthalpy changes. In vitro protein release experiments conducted in Franz diffusion cells using enzyme-linked immunoassay detection suggest that the antigen-adjuvant complex stability is not adversely affected by the presence of the most physiologically abundant protein, which confirms the importance of the delivery modality for this immunoadjuvant. Moreover, HSA shows an unexpected stabilizing effect on complexes with high antigen load─an important consideration for further development of polyphosphazene adjuvanted vaccine formulations and their functional assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Sri H Kethanapalli
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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Reis T, Fino MH, Raposo M. Graphene Oxide, Carbon Nanotubes, and Polyelectrolytes-Based Impedanciometric E-Tongue for Estrogen Detection in Complex Matrices. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:481. [PMID: 38257570 PMCID: PMC10818404 DOI: 10.3390/s24020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Currently, it is necessary to maintain the quality of aquifers and water bodies, which means the need for sensors that detect molecules as emerging pollutants (EPs) at low concentrations in aqueous complex solutions. In this work, an electronic tongue (e-tongue) prototype was developed to detect 17β-estradiol in tap water. To achieve such a prototype, an array of sensors was prepared. Each sensor consists of a solid support with interdigitated electrodes without or with thin films prepared with graphene oxide, nanotubes, and other polyelectrolytes molecules adsorbed on them. To collect data from each sensor, impedance spectroscopy was used to analyze the electrical characteristics of samples of estrogen solutions with different concentrations. To analyze the collected data from the sensors, principal components analysis (PCA) method was used to create a three-dimensional plane using the calculated principal components, namely PC1 and PC2, and the estrogen concentration values. Then, damped least squares (DLS) was used to find the optimal values for the hyperplane calibration, as the sensitivity of this e-tongue was not represented by a straight line but by a surface. For the collected data, from nanotubes and graphene oxide sensors, a calibration curve for concentration given by the 10PC1×0.492-PC2×0.14-14.5 surface was achieved. This e-tongue presented a detection limit of 10-16 M of 17β-estradiol in tap water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Reis
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- Centre for Technology and Systems (LASI-CTS), UNINOVA, Department of Electrotechnical and Computer Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Maria Helena Fino
- Centre for Technology and Systems (LASI-CTS), UNINOVA, Department of Electrotechnical and Computer Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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Sharma A, Dutta T, Srivastava A. Underwater Adhesives from Redox-Responsive Polyplexes of Thiolated Polyamide Polyelectrolytes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302157. [PMID: 37751057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of optically clear underwater adhesives using polyplexes of oppositely charged partially-thiolated polyamide polyelectrolytes (TPEs). The thiol content of the constituent PEs was varied to assess its influence on the adhesive properties of the resulting glues. These catechol-free, redox-responsive TPE-adhesives were formulated in aquo and exhibited high optical transparency and strong adhesion even on submerged or moist surfaces of diverse polar substrates such as glass, aluminium, wood, and bone pieces. The adhesives could be cured under water through oxidative disulphide crosslinking of the constituent TPEs. The polyamide backbone provided multi-site H-bonding interactions with the substrates while the disulphide crosslinking provided the cohesive strength to the glue. Strong adhesion of mammalian bones (load bearing capacity upto 7 kg/cm2 ) was achieved using the adhesive containing 30 mol % thiol residues. Higher pH and use of oxidants such as povidone-iodine solution enhanced the curing rate of the adhesives, and so did the use of Tris buffer instead of Phosphate buffer. The porous architecture of the adhesive and its progressive degradation in aqueous medium over the course of three weeks bode well for diverse biomedical applications where temporary adhesion of tissues is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education Research, Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
- Current Affiliation: School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Tanmay Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education Research, Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education Research, Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
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8
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Nasrun RFB, Son DH, Kim JH. Novel Polyelectrolytes Based on Naphthalene Diimide with Different Counteranions for Cathode Interlayers in Polymer Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:522. [PMID: 38203694 PMCID: PMC10779300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We synthesized novel polyelectrolytes based on naphthalene diimide with quaternary amine featuring hydroxyl groups at the side chain, along with different counteranions (PF-NDIN-Br-OH and PF-NDIN-I-OH) for polymer solar cell (PSC) application as the interlayer. The polyelectrolytes establish a beneficial interface dipole through the ionic moieties and synergistic effects arising from the hydroxyl groups located at the side chain. Incorporating polyelectrolytes as the cathode interlayer resulted in an enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The PCE of the device with PF-NDIN-Br-OH increased from 8.96% to 9.51% compared to the ZnO-only device. The best PCE was obtained with the device based on PF-NDIN-I-OH, up to 9.59% resulting from the Jsc enhancement. This outcome implies a correlation between the performance of the device and the synergistic effects observed in polyelectrolytes containing hydroxyl groups in the side chain, along with larger anions when employed in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatia Fitri Binti Nasrun
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (R.F.B.N.); (D.H.S.)
- CECS Research Institute, Core Research Institute, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Son
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (R.F.B.N.); (D.H.S.)
- CECS Research Institute, Core Research Institute, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (R.F.B.N.); (D.H.S.)
- CECS Research Institute, Core Research Institute, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Balafouti A, Forys A, Trzebicka B, Gerardos AM, Pispas S. Anionic Hyperbranched Amphiphilic Polyelectrolytes as Nanocarriers for Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7702. [PMID: 38138846 PMCID: PMC10745097 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript presents the synthesis of hyperbranched amphiphilic poly (lauryl methacrylate-co-tert-butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), H-P(LMA-co-tBMA-co-MAA) copolymers via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of tBMA and LMA, and their post-polymerization modification to anionic amphiphilic polyelectrolytes. The focus is on investigating whether the combination of the hydrophobic characters of LMA and tBMA segments, as well as the polyelectrolyte and hydrophilic properties of MAA segments, both distributed within a unique hyperbranched polymer chain topology, would result in intriguing, branched copolymers with the potential to be applied in nanomedicine. Therefore, we studied the self-assembly behavior of these copolymers in aqueous media, as well as their ability to form complexes with cationic proteins, namely lysozyme (LYZ) and polymyxin (PMX). Various physicochemical characterization techniques, including size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), verified the molecular characteristics of these well-defined copolymers, whereas light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques revealed promising nanoparticle (NP) self- and co-assembly properties of the copolymers in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Balafouti
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.B.); (A.M.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Aleksander Forys
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (A.F.); (B.T.)
| | - Angelica Maria Gerardos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.B.); (A.M.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.B.); (A.M.G.)
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10
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Maine A, Tamayo L, Leiva Á, González A, Ríos HE, Rojas-Romo C, Jara P, Araya-Durán I, González-Nilo F, Yazdani-Pedram M, Santana P, Leal M, González N, Briones X, Villalobos V, Urzúa M. Conformational Changes of Poly(Maleic Anhydride- alt-styrene) Modified with Amino Acids in an Aqueous Medium and Their Effect on Cytocompatibility and Hemolytic Response. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:5333-5348. [PMID: 38032020 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The conformational changes of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-styrene) (PSMA) modified with different amino acids (PSMA-Aa) were studied in an aqueous medium as a function of ionic strength and pH. The specific viscosity of PSMA-Aa decreased with increasing salt concentration due to a more compact conformation. There was a decrease in surface tension with increasing concentrations of the modified polyelectrolyte having a greater effect for the PSMA modified with l-phenylalanine at pH 7.0, demonstrating a greater surface-active character. The conformational changes were also confirmed by molecular dynamics studies, indicating that PSMA-Aa exhibits a compact structure at pH 4.0 and a more extended structure at pH 7.0. On the other hand, the conformational changes of PSMA-Aa were related to its biological response, where the higher surface-active character of the PSMA modified with l-phenylalanine correlates very well with the higher hemolytic activity observed in red blood cells, in which the surface-active capacity supports lytic potency in erythrocytes. The cytocompatibility assays indicated that there were no significant cytotoxic effects of the PSMA-Aa. Additionally, in solvent-accessible surface area studies, it was shown that the carboxylate groups of the PSMA modified with l-phenylalanine are more exposed to the solvent at pH 7.0 and high salt concentrations, which correlates with lower fluorescence intensity, reflecting a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. It is concluded that the study of the conformational changes in PE modified with amino acids is essential for their use as biomaterials and relevant to understanding the possible effects of PE modified with amino acids in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Maine
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Laura Tamayo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Ángel Leiva
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna N° 4860, Macul, Santiago 7821093, Chile
| | - Alex González
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Hernán E Ríos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Carlos Rojas-Romo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Paul Jara
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Ingrid Araya-Durán
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias para la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias para la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Mehrdad Yazdani-Pedram
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007 Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Santana
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, Santiago 8910123, Chile
| | - Matías Leal
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias para la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Nicolás González
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Ximena Briones
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007 Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Villalobos
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
| | - Marcela Urzúa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003,Chile
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11
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Zagami R, Castriciano MA, Romeo A, Monsù Scolaro L. Enhancement of the Rates for Insertion of Zinc(II) Ions into a Cationic Porphyrin Catalyzed by Poly(glutamate). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17371. [PMID: 38139200 PMCID: PMC10744324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of porphyrins onto polyelectrolytes could lead to interesting changes in their reactivity with respect to the bulk solution. Here, we investigated the kinetics of Zn2+ incorporation into tetra-cationic water-soluble 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMpyP(4)) in the presence of poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) in a pH range from 4 to 6.5. Under these conditions, the porphyrin electrostatically interacted with the polymer, which gradually switched from an α-helical to a random coil structure. The profile of the logarithm of the observed rate constant (kobs) versus the pH was sigmoidal with an inflection point close to the pH of the conformation transition for PGA. At a pH of 5.4, when PGA was in its highly charged random coil conformation, an almost 1000-fold increase in the reaction rates was observed. An increase in the ionic strength of the bulk solution led to a decrease in the metal insertion rates. The role of the charged matrix was explained in terms of its ability to assemble both reagents in proximity, in agreement with the theory of counter-ion condensation around polyelectrolytes in an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea Romeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.Z.); (M.A.C.); (L.M.S.)
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12
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Lee NK, Chae MK, Jung Y, Johner A, Joanny JF. Polyelectrolytes: From Seminal Works to the Influence of the Charge Sequence. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4593. [PMID: 38232020 PMCID: PMC10708673 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We propose a selected tour of the physics of polyelectrolytes (PE) following the line initiated by de Gennes and coworkers in their seminal 1976 paper. The early works which used uniform charge distributions along the PE backbone achieved tremendous progress and set most milestones in the field. Recently, the focus has shifted to the role of the charge sequence. Revisited topics include PE complexation and polyampholytes (PA). We develop the example of a random PE in poor solvent forming pearl-necklace structures. It is shown that the pearls typically adopt very asymmetric mass and charge distributions. Individual sequences do not necessarily reflect the ensemble statistics and a rich variety of behaviors emerges (specially for PA). Pearl necklaces are dynamic structures and switch between various types of pearl-necklace structures, as described for both PE and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Kyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Kyung Chae
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea;
| | - Youngkyun Jung
- Supercomputing Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Albert Johner
- Institut Charles Sadron CNRS-Unistra, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Francois Joanny
- Institut Curie, Physique des cellules et Cancer, Collège de France Soft Matter and Biophysics Chair, 11, PSL University, Place Marcelin-Berthelot, 75231 Paris, France;
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13
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Abstract
We use molecular dynamics simulations to explore concentrated solutions of semiflexible polyelectrolyte ring polymers, akin to the DNA mini-circles, with counterions of different valences. We find that the assembly of rings into nanoscopic cylindrical stacks is a generic feature of the systems, but the morphology and dynamics of such a cluster can be steered by the counterion conditions. In general, a small addition of trivalent ions can stabilize the emergence of clusters due to the counterion condensation, which mitigates the repulsion between the like-charged rings. Stoichiometric addition of trivalent ions can even lead to phase separation of the polyelectrolyte ring phase due to the ion-bridging effects promoting otherwise entropically driven clustering. On the other hand, monovalent counterions cause the formation of stacks to be re-entrant with density. The clusters are stable within a certain window of concentration, while above the window the polyelectrolytes undergo an osmotic collapse, disfavoring ordering. The cluster phase exhibits characteristic cluster glass dynamics with arrest of collective degrees of freedom but not the self-ones. On the other hand, the collapsed phase shows arrest on both the collective and single level, suggesting an incipient glass-to-glass transition, from a cluster glass of ring clusters to a simple glass of rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Staňo
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Physics, University of
Vienna, Boltzmanngasse
5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Smrek
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christos N. Likos
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Ferreira R, Ribeiro PA, Canário AVM, Raposo M. Biosensors Based on Stanniocalcin-1 Protein Antibodies Thin Films for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:981. [PMID: 37998156 PMCID: PMC10669463 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent tumors in men, accounting for about 7.3% of cancer deaths. Although there are several strategies for diagnosing prostate cancer, these are only accurate when the tumor is already at a very advanced stage, so early diagnosis is essential. Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a secreted glycoprotein, which has been suggested as a tumor marker as its increased expression is associated with the development and/or progression of different types of malignant tumors. In this work, an electronic tongue (ET) prototype, based on a set of four sensors prepared from thin films that included STC1 antibodies for detecting prostate cancer, was developed. In the preparation of the thin films, polyelectrolytes of polyallylamine hydrochloride, polystyrene sulfonate of sodium and polyethyleneimine, and the biomolecules chitosan, protein A, and STC1 antibody were used. These films were deposited on quartz lamellae and on solid supports using layer-on-layer and self-assembly techniques. The deposition of the films was analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and the detection of STC1 in aqueous solutions of PBS was analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. The impedance data were statistically analyzed using principal component analysis. The ETs formed by the four sensors and the three best sensors could detect the antigen at concentrations in the range from 5 × 10-11 to 5 × 10-4 M. They showed a linear dependence with the logarithm of the antigen concentration and a sensitivity of 5371 ± 820 and 4863 ± 634 per decade of concentration, respectively. Finally, the results allow us to conclude that this prototype can advance to the calibration phase with patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ferreira
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (R.F.); (P.A.R.)
| | - Paulo A. Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (R.F.); (P.A.R.)
| | - Adelino V. M. Canário
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Raposo
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (R.F.); (P.A.R.)
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15
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Cherian D, Roy A, Bersellini Farinotti A, Abrahamsson T, Arbring Sjöström T, Tybrandt K, Nilsson D, Berggren M, Svensson CI, Poxson DJ, Simon DT. Flexible Organic Electronic Ion Pump Fabricated Using Inkjet Printing and Microfabrication for Precision In Vitro Delivery of Bupivacaine. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300550. [PMID: 37069480 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on-demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious microprocessing techniques. Here, the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte is reported, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i-AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process and is used in the production of free-standing OEIPs on flexible polyimide (PI) substrates. Both i-AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and the ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by the transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Cherian
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Arghyamalya Roy
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | | | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Theresia Arbring Sjöström
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - David Nilsson
- Unit of Printed Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, 60221, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - David J Poxson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
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16
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Dubrovskii AV, Berezhnov AV, Kim AL, Tikhonenko SA. Behaviour of FITC-Labeled Polyallylamine in Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3330. [PMID: 37631389 PMCID: PMC10459286 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many studies devoted to the application of polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMC) in various fields; however, there are significantly fewer studies devoted to the study of the polyelectrolyte microcapsules themselves. The study examined the mutual arrangement of the polyelectrolytes in 13-layered PMC capsules composed of (PAH/PSS)6PAH. The research showed that different layers of the polyelectrolyte microcapsules dissociate equally, as in the case of 13-layered PMC capsules composed of (PAH/PSS)6PAH with a well-defined shell, and in the case of 7-layered PMC capsules composed of (PAH/PSS)3PAH, where the shell is absent. The study showed that polyallylamine layers labeled with FITC migrate to the periphery of the microcapsule regardless of the number of layers. This is due to an increase in osmotic pressure caused by the rapid flow of ions from the interior of the microcapsule into the surrounding solution. In addition, FITC-polyallylamine has a lower charge density and less interaction with polystyrene sulfonate in the structure of the microcapsule. Meanwhile, the hydrophilicity of FITC-polyallylamine does not change or decreases slightly. The results suggest that this effect promotes the migration of labeled polyallylamine to a more hydrophilic region of the microcapsule, towards its periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Dubrovskii
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, 3, Institutskaya Str., 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia (A.L.K.)
| | - Alexey V. Berezhnov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Aleksandr L. Kim
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, 3, Institutskaya Str., 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia (A.L.K.)
| | - Sergey A. Tikhonenko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics Russian Academy of Science, 3, Institutskaya Str., 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia (A.L.K.)
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17
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Wypysek SK, Centeno SP, Gronemann T, Wöll D, Richtering W. Hollow, pH-Sensitive Microgels as Nanocontainers for the Encapsulation of Proteins. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200456. [PMID: 36605024 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their architectural and chemical design, microgels can selectively take up and release small molecules by changing the environmental properties, or capture and protect their cargo from the surrounding conditions. These outstanding properties make them promising candidates for use in biomedical applications as delivery or carrier systems. In this study, hollow anionic p(N-isopropylacrylamid-e-co-itaconic acid) microgels are synthesized and analyzed regarding their size, charge, and charge distribution. Furthermore, interactions between these microgels and the model protein cytochrome c are investigated as a function of pH. In this system, pH serves as a switch for the electrostatic interactions to alternate between no interaction, attraction, and repulsion. UV-vis spectroscopy is used to quantitatively study the encapsulation of cytochrome c and possible leakage. Additionally, fluorescence-lifetime images unravel the spatial distribution of the protein within the hollow microgels as a function of pH. These analyses show that cytochrome c mainly remains entrapped in the microgel, with pH controlling the localization of the protein - either in the microgel's cavity or in its network. This significantly differentiates these hollow microgels from microgels with similar chemical composition but without a solvent filled cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Wypysek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Silvia P Centeno
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Gronemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Gioldasis C, Gkamas A, Moultos OA, Vlahos CH. Chemical Feedback in Templated Reaction-Assembly of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles: A Molecular Simulation Study of the Kinetics and Clustering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3024. [PMID: 37514414 PMCID: PMC10383549 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical feedback between building blocks in templated polymerization of diblock copolymers and their consecutive micellization was studied for the first time by means of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Using a stochastic polymerization model, we were able to reproduce the experimental findings on the effect of chemical feedback on the polymerization rates at low and high solution concentrations. The size and shape of micelles were computed using a newly developed software in Python conjugated with graph theory. In full agreement with the experiments, our simulations revealed that micelles formed by the templated micellization are more spherical and have a lower radius of gyration than those formed by the traditional two-step micellization method. The advantage of molecular simulation over the traditional kinetic models is that with the simulation, one studies in detail the heterogeneous polymerization in the presence of the oppositely charged template while also accounting for the incompatibility between reacted species, which significantly influences the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apostolos Gkamas
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Othonas A Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
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19
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Kulakovich O, Shirokaya A, Muravitskaya A. Parametric study of the silver nanoparticles deposition on polyelectrolyte supporting layers. Nanotechnology 2023. [PMID: 37402360 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace3ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticles deposition on polyelectrolyte supporting layers is a widespread technique to achieve high density nanoparticle coatings, however the choice of the parameters is often not consistent and varies in different reports. Frequently the obtained films suffer from the aggregation and non-reproducibility. Here, we addressed the main variables in silver nanoparticles deposition - the immobilization time; concentration of the polyelectrolyte in the solution; the thickness of polyelectrolyte underlayer and overlayer; the concentration of salt in the polyelectrolyte solution during the formation of a underlayer. We report on the formation of the high-density silver nanoparticle films and ways to tune their optical density in the wide range using the immobilization time as well as the thickness of polyelectrolyte overlayer. Silver colloidal films with maximum reproducibility were obtained by adsorption of nanoparticles on 1 underlayer of 5 g/l polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride with 0.5M NaCl concentration. The results are promising for the fabrication of the reproducible colloidal silver films for multiple applications, such as plasmon enhanced fluorescent immunoassays and surface enhanced Raman scattering sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kulakovich
- Institute of Molecular and Atomic Physics, Byelorussian Academy of Sciences, F Skaryna Ave 70, 220072 Minsk, Minsk, 220072, BELARUS
| | - Alina Shirokaya
- National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 68-2 Nezalezhnasci Ave, Minsk, 220072, BELARUS
| | - Alina Muravitskaya
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, Hull, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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20
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Glagoleva AA, Yaroslavov AA, Vasilevskaya VV. Computer Simulation Insight into the Adsorption and Diffusion of Polyelectrolytes on Oppositely Charged Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2845. [PMID: 37447491 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, by means of computer simulation, we studied the adsorption and diffusion of polyelectrolyte macromolecules on oppositely charged surfaces. We considered the surface coverage and the charge of the adsorbed layer depending on the ionization degree of the macromolecules and the charge of the surface and carried out a computer experiment on the polymer diffusion within the adsorbed layers, taking into account its strong dependency on the surface coverage and the macromolecular ionization degree. The different regimes were distinguished that provided maximal mobility of the polymer chains along with a high number of charged groups in the layer, which could be beneficial for the development of the functional coatings. The results were compared with those of previous experiments on the adsorption of polyelectrolyte layers that may be applied as biocidal renewable coatings that can reversibly desorb from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Glagoleva
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander A Yaroslavov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentina V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
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21
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Kim S, Lee NK, Chae MK, Johner A, Park JM. Translocation of Hydrophobic Polyelectrolytes under Electrical Field: Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112550. [PMID: 37299349 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the translocation of polyelectrolyte (PE) chains driven by an electric field through a pore by means of molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained HP model mimicking high salt conditions. Charged monomers were considered as polar (P) and neutral monomers as hydrophobic (H). We considered PE sequences that had equally spaced charges along the hydrophobic backbone. Hydrophobic PEs were in the globular form in which H-type and P-type monomers were partially segregated and they unfolded in order to translocate through the narrow channel under the electric field. We provided a quantitative comprehensive study of the interplay between translocation through a realistic pore and globule unraveling. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, incorporating realistic force fields inside the channel, we investigated the translocation dynamics of PEs at various solvent conditions. Starting from the captured conformations, we obtained distributions of waiting times and drift times at various solvent conditions. The shortest translocation time was observed for the slightly poor solvent. The minimum was rather shallow, and the translocation time was almost constant for medium hydrophobicity. The dynamics were controlled not only by the friction of the channel, but also by the internal friction related to the uncoiling of the heterogeneous globule. The latter can be rationalized by slow monomer relaxation in the dense phase. The results were compared with those from a simplified Fokker-Planck equation for the position of the head monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seowon Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Chae
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert Johner
- Institut Charles Sadron CNRS-Unistra, 6 Rue Boussingault, CEDEX, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jeong-Man Park
- Department of Physics, the Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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22
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Zaia R, Quinto GM, Camargo LCS, Ribeiro RT, Carmona-Ribeiro AM. Transient Coatings from Nanoparticles Achieving Broad-Spectrum and High Antimicrobial Performance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:816. [PMID: 37375764 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic and hydrophilic coatings based on casting and drying water dispersions of two different nanoparticles (NPs) onto glass are here described and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Discoid cationic bilayer fragments (BF) surrounded by carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC) and poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium) chloride (PDDA) NPs and spherical gramicidin D (Gr) NPs dispersed in water solution were cast onto glass coverslips and dried, forming a coating quantitatively evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. From plating and colony forming units (CFU) counting, all strains interacting for 1 h with the coatings lost viability from 105 to 106, to zero CFU, at two sets of Gr and PDDA doses: 4.6 and 25 μg, respectively, or, 0.94 and 5 μg, respectively. Combinations produced broad spectrum, antimicrobial coatings; PDDA electrostatically attached to the microbes damaging cell walls, allowing Gr NPs interaction with the cell membrane. This concerted action promoted optimal activity at low Gr and PDDA doses. Further washing and drying of the deposited dried coatings showed that they were washed out so that antimicrobial activity was no longer present on the glass surface. Significant applications in biomedical materials can be foreseen for these transient coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zaia
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M Quinto
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Livia C S Camargo
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana M Carmona-Ribeiro
- Biocolloids Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, Butantan, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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23
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Tagad HD, Marin A, Wang R, Yunus AS, Fuerst TR, Andrianov AK. Fluorine-Functionalized Polyphosphazene Immunoadjuvant: Synthesis, Solution Behavior and In Vivo Potency. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104218. [PMID: 37241958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of fluorine motifs in drugs and drug delivery systems is an established tool for modulating their biological potency. Fluorination can improve drug specificity or boost the vehicle's ability to cross cellular membranes. However, the approach has yet to be applied to vaccine adjuvants. Herein, the synthesis of fluorinated bioisostere of a clinical stage immunoadjuvant-poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene], PCPP-is reported. The structure of water-soluble fluoropolymer-PCPP-F, which contains two fluorine atoms per repeat unit-was confirmed using 1H, 31P and 19F NMR, and its molecular mass and molecular dimensions were determined using size-exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. Insertion of fluorine atoms in the polymer side group resulted in an improved solubility in acidic solutions and faster hydrolytic degradation rate, while the ability to self-assemble with an antigenic protein, lysozyme-an important feature of polyphosphazene vaccine adjuvants-was preserved. In vivo assessment of PCPP-F demonstrated its greater ability to induce antibody responses to Hepatitis C virus antigen when compared to its non-fluorinated counterpart. Taken together, the superior immunoadjuvant activity of PCPP-F, along with its improved formulation characteristics, demonstrate advantages of the fluorination approach for the development of this family of macromolecular vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harichandra D Tagad
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Abdul S Yunus
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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24
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Dmitrenko M, Sushkova X, Chepeleva A, Liamin V, Mikhailovskaya O, Kuzminova A, Semenov K, Ermakov S, Penkova A. Modification Approaches of Polyphenylene Oxide Membranes to Enhance Nanofiltration Performance. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:membranes13050534. [PMID: 37233595 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Presently, water pollution poses a serious threat to the environment; the removal of organic pollutants from resources, especially dyes, is very important. Nanofiltration (NF) is a promising membrane method to carry out this task. In the present work, advanced supported poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) membranes were developed for NF of anionic dyes using bulk (the introduction of graphene oxide (GO) into the polymer matrix) and surface (the deposition of polyelectrolyte (PEL) layers by layer-by-layer (LbL) technique) modifications. The effect of PEL combinations (polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride/polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethyleneimine (PEI)/PAA, and polyallylamine hydrochloride/PAA) and the number of PEL bilayers deposited by LbL method on properties of PPO-based membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. Membranes were evaluated in NF of food dye solutions in ethanol (Sunset yellow (SY), Congo red (CR), and Alphazurine (AZ)). The supported PPO membrane, modified with 0.7 wt.% GO and three PEI/PAA bilayers, exhibited optimal transport characteristics: ethanol, SY, CR, and AZ solutions permeability of 0.58, 0.57, 0.50, and 0.44 kg/(m2h atm), respectively, with a high level of rejection coefficients-58% for SY, 63% for CR, and 58% for AZ. It was shown that the combined use of bulk and surface modifications significantly improved the characteristics of the PPO membrane in NF of dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Dmitrenko
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Xeniya Sushkova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Chepeleva
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Vladislav Liamin
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Olga Mikhailovskaya
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anna Kuzminova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Konstantin Semenov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, L'va Tolstogo ulitsa 6-8, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
| | - Sergey Ermakov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Penkova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
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25
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Bernacka-Wojcik I, Talide L, Abdel Aziz I, Simura J, Oikonomou VK, Rossi S, Mohammadi M, Dar AM, Seitanidou M, Berggren M, Simon DT, Tybrandt K, Jonsson MP, Ljung K, Niittylä T, Stavrinidou E. Flexible Organic Electronic Ion Pump for Flow-Free Phytohormone Delivery into Vasculature of Intact Plants. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206409. [PMID: 36935365 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant vasculature transports molecules that play a crucial role in plant signaling including systemic responses and acclimation to diverse environmental conditions. Targeted controlled delivery of molecules to the vascular tissue can be a biomimetic way to induce long distance responses, providing a new tool for the fundamental studies and engineering of stress-tolerant plants. Here, a flexible organic electronic ion pump, an electrophoretic delivery device, for controlled delivery of phytohormones directly in plant vascular tissue is developed. The c-OEIP is based on polyimide-coated glass capillaries that significantly enhance the mechanical robustness of these microscale devices while being minimally disruptive for the plant. The polyelectrolyte channel is based on low-cost and commercially available precursors that can be photocured with blue light, establishing much cheaper and safer system than the state-of-the-art. To trigger OEIP-induced plant response, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the petiole of intact Arabidopsis plants is delivered. ABA is one of the main phytohormones involved in plant stress responses and induces stomata closure under drought conditions to reduce water loss and prevent wilting. The OEIP-mediated ABA delivery triggered fast and long-lasting stomata closure far away from the delivery point demonstrating systemic vascular transport of the delivered ABA, verified delivering deuterium-labeled ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bernacka-Wojcik
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Loïc Talide
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Ilaria Abdel Aziz
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Jan Simura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Vasileios K Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Abdul Manan Dar
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Maria Seitanidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-601 74, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
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26
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Kwiatkowska A, Granicka LH. Anti-Viral Surfaces in the Fight against the Spread of Coronaviruses. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:membranes13050464. [PMID: 37233525 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review is conducted against the background of nanotechnology, which provides us with a chance to effectively combat the spread of coronaviruses, and which primarily concerns polyelectrolytes and their usability for obtaining protective function against viruses and as carriers for anti-viral agents, vaccine adjuvants, and, in particular, direct anti-viral activity. This review covers nanomembranes in the form of nano-coatings or nanoparticles built of natural or synthetic polyelectrolytes--either alone or else as nanocomposites for creating an interface with viruses. There are not a wide variety of polyelectrolytes with direct activity against SARS-CoV-2, but materials that are effective in virucidal evaluations against HIV, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV are taken into account as potentially active against SARS-CoV-2. Developing new approaches to materials as interfaces with viruses will continue to be relevant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Kwiatkowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ludomira H Granicka
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Trojdena 4 St., 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Balafouti A, Pispas S. Hyperbranched Copolymers of Methacrylic Acid and Lauryl Methacrylate H-P(MAA-co-LMA): Synthetic Aspects and Interactions with Biorelevant Compounds. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041198. [PMID: 37111683 PMCID: PMC10140914 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of novel copolymers using one-step reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of biocompatible methacrylic acid (MAA), lauryl methacrylate (LMA), and difunctional ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a branching agent is reported. The obtained amphiphilic hyperbranched H-P(MAA-co-LMA) copolymers are molecularly characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), FTIR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and subsequently investigated in terms of their self-assembly behavior in aqueous media. The formation of nanoaggregates of varying size, mass, and homogeneity, depending on the copolymer composition and solution conditions such as concentration or pH variation, is demonstrated by light scattering and spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, drug encapsulation properties are studied by incorporating the low bioavailability drug, curcumin, in the nano-aggregate hydrophobic domains, which can also act as a bioimaging agent. The interaction of polyelectrolyte MAA units with model proteins is described to examine protein complexation capacity relevant to enzyme immobilization strategies, as well as explore copolymer self-assembly in simulated physiological media. The results confirm that these copolymer nanosystems could provide competent biocarriers for imaging and drug or protein delivery/enzyme immobilization applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Balafouti
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
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28
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Zhang M, Yang Y, Li M, Shang Q, Xie R, Yu J, Shen K, Zhang Y, Cheng Y. Toughening Double-Network Hydrogels by Polyelectrolytes. Adv Mater 2023:e2301551. [PMID: 36940146 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hoffmeister effect of inorganic salts is verified as a promising way to toughen hydrogels, however, the high concentration of inorganic salts may be accompanied by poor biocompatibility. In this work, it is found that polyelectrolytes can obviously elevate the mechanical performances of hydrogels through the Hoffmeister effect. The introduction of anionic poly(sodium acrylate) into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel induces the aggregation and crystallization of the PVA to boost the mechanical properties of the resulting double-network hydrogel: elevation of 73, 64, 28, 135, and 19 times in the tensile strength, compressive strength, Young's modulus, toughness, and fracture energy compared with poly(acrylic acid), respectively. It is noteworthy that the mechanical performances of the hydrogels can be flexibly tuned by the variation of polyelectrolyte concentration, ionization degree, relative hydrophobicity of the ionic component, and polyelectrolyte type in a wide range. This strategy is verified to work for other Hoffmeister-effect-sensitive polymers and polyelectrolytes. Also, the introduction of urea bonds into the polyelectrolyte can further improve the mechanical properties and antiswelling capability of hydrogels. As a biomedical patch, the advanced hydrogel can efficiently inhibit hernia formation and promote the regeneration of soft tissues in an abdominal wall defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Meng Li
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qinghua Shang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ruilin Xie
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kaixiang Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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29
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Prete D, Colosimo A, Demontis V, Medda L, Zannier V, Bellucci L, Tozzini V, Sorba L, Beltram F, Pisignano D, Rossella F. Heat-Driven Iontronic Nanotransistors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2204120. [PMID: 36698263 PMCID: PMC9982553 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric polyelectrolytes are emerging as ideal material platform for self-powered bio-compatible electronic devices and sensors. However, despite the nanoscale nature of the ionic thermodiffusion processes underlying thermoelectric efficiency boost in polyelectrolytes, to date no evidence for direct probing of ionic diffusion on its relevant length and time scale has been reported. This gap is bridged by developing heat-driven hybrid nanotransistors based on InAs nanowires embedded in thermally biased Na+ -functionalized (poly)ethyleneoxide, where the semiconducting nanostructure acts as a nanoscale probe sensitive to the local arrangement of the ionic species. The impact of ionic thermoelectric gating on the nanodevice electrical response is addressed, investigating the effect of device architecture, bias configuration and frequency of the heat stimulus, and inferring optimal conditions for the heat-driven nanotransistor operation. Microscopic quantities of the polyelectrolyte such as the ionic diffusion coefficient are extracted from the analysis of hysteretic behaviors rising in the nanodevices. The reported experimental platform enables simultaneously the ionic thermodiffusion and nanoscale resolution, providing a framework for direct estimation of polyelectrolytes microscopic parameters. This may open new routes for heat-driven nanoelectronic applications and boost the rational design of next-generation polymer-based thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic Prete
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Alessia Colosimo
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
- Universitá di PisaDipartimento di FisicaLargo Bruno Pontecorvo, 3Pisa56127Italy
| | - Valeria Demontis
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Luca Medda
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Valentina Zannier
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Luca Bellucci
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Valentina Tozzini
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Lucia Sorba
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Universitá di PisaDipartimento di FisicaLargo Bruno Pontecorvo, 3Pisa56127Italy
| | - Francesco Rossella
- NESTScuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze‐CNRPiazza San Silvestro 12PisaI‐56127Italy
- Scuola di Ingegneria | Dipartimento di Scienze FisicheInformatiche e MatematicheUniversitá di Modena e Reggio Emiliavia Campi 213/aModena41125Italy
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Bigman LS, Levy Y. Conformational Analysis of Charged Homo-Polypeptides. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020363. [PMID: 36830732 PMCID: PMC9953673 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many proteins have intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), which are often characterized by a high fraction of charged residues with polyampholytic (i.e., mixed charge) or polyelectrolytic (i.e., uniform charge) characteristics. Polyelectrolytic IDRs include consecutive positively charged Lys or Arg residues (K/R repeats) or consecutive negatively charged Asp or Glu residues (D/E repeats). In previous research, D/E repeats were found to be about five times longer than K/R repeats and to be much more common in eukaryotes. Within these repeats, a preference is often observed for E over D and for K over R. To understand the greater prevalence of D/E over K/R repeats and the higher abundance of E and K, we simulated the conformational ensemble of charged homo-polypeptides (polyK, polyR, polyD, and polyE) using molecular dynamics simulations. The conformational preferences and dynamics of these polyelectrolytic polypeptides change with changes in salt concentration. In particular, polyD and polyE are more sensitive to salt than polyK and polyR, as polyD and polyE tend to adsorb more divalent cations, which leads to their having more compact conformations. We conclude with a discussion of biophysical explanations for the relative abundance of charged amino acids and particularly for the greater abundance of D/E repeats over K/R repeats.
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Brito ME, Mikhtaniuk SE, Neelov IM, Borisov OV, Holm C. Implicit-Solvent Coarse-Grained Simulations of Linear-Dendritic Block Copolymer Micelles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032763. [PMID: 36769091 PMCID: PMC9917066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of nanoassemblies can be conveniently achieved by tuning the strength of the hydrophobic interactions of block copolymers in selective solvents. These block copolymer micelles form supramolecular aggregates, which have attracted great attention in the area of drug delivery and imaging in biomedicine due to their easy-to-tune properties and straightforward large-scale production. In the present work, we have investigated the micellization process of linear-dendritic block copolymers in order to elucidate the effect of branching on the micellar properties. We focus on block copolymers formed by linear hydrophobic blocks attached to either dendritic neutral or charged hydrophilic blocks. We have implemented a simple protocol for determining the equilibrium micellar size, which permits the study of linear-dendritic block copolymers in a wide range of block morphologies in an efficient and parallelizable manner. We have explored the impact of different topological and charge properties of the hydrophilic blocks on the equilibrium micellar properties and compared them to predictions from self-consistent field theory and scaling theory. We have found that, at higher degrees of branching in the corona and for short polymer chains, excluded volume interactions strongly influence the micellar aggregation as well as their effective charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano E. Brito
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sofia E. Mikhtaniuk
- School of Computer Technologies and Control, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor M. Neelov
- School of Computer Technologies and Control, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Borisov
- School of Computer Technologies and Control, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS UPPA, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Christian Holm
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-711-685-63701
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Balafouti A, Pispas S. Hyperbranched Polyelectrolyte Copolymers as Novel Candidate Delivery Systems for Bio-Relevant Compounds. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16031045. [PMID: 36770053 PMCID: PMC9921860 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is utilized in order to synthesize novel hyperbranched poly(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-tert-butyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (H-[P(OEGMA-co-tBMA-co-MAA)]) copolymers in combination with selective hydrolysis reactions. The copolymers showing amphiphilicity induced by the polar OEGMA and hydrophobic tBMA monomeric units, and polyelectrolyte character due to MAA units, combined with unique macromolecular architecture were characterized by physicochemical techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The hyperbranched copolymers were investigated in terms of their ability to self-assemble into nanostructures when dissolved in aqueous media. Dynamic light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed multimolecular aggregates of nanoscale dimensions with low critical aggregation concentration, the size and mass of which depend on copolymer composition and solution conditions, whereas zeta potential measurements indicated pH sensitive features. In addition, aiming to evaluate their potential use as nanocarriers, the copolymers were studied in terms of their drug encapsulation and protein complexation ability utilizing curcumin and lysozyme, as a model hydrophobic drug and a model cationic protein, respectively.
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Stewart RJ, Sima M, Karz J, Jones JP. Material characterization of GPX ®: A versatile in situ solidifying embolic platform technology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1095148. [PMID: 36726745 PMCID: PMC9885798 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1095148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endovascular embolization is a minimally invasive procedure during which blood flow to targeted tissues is selectively occluded. The list of clinical indications for embolization continues to expand. Liquid embolic agents are injectable compositions that transition into a solid or semi-solid form when introduced into blood vessels. The mechanism that triggers the liquid-to-solid transition is a key distinguishing feature of liquid embolic agents. GPX is a waterborne liquid embolic agent comprising oppositely charged polyelectrolytes: polyguanidinum and inorganic polyphoshate. In situ solidification is driven by electrostatic condensation of the polyelectrolytes, triggered by ionic strength differentials. We report in vitro characterization of the material properties of GPX, it is in vivo effectiveness in acute animal studies, and its potential for chemoembolization. The viscosity of GPX can be varied over a wide range by adjusting the polyguanidinium MW and/or concentration. Formulation of GPX with either tantalum microparticles (30 wt%) or iodinated radiocontrast agents (300 mgI ml-1) did not significantly change the flow behavior of GPX; the viscosity was independent of shear rate and remained within a clinically practical range (80-160 cP). Formulation of GPX with doxorubicin substantially increased viscosity at low shear rates and resulted in a power law dependence on shear rate. High contrast and effective vascular occlusion were demonstrated in both swine kidneys and rete mirabile. Contrast from iodinated compounds was temporary, dissipating within hours. The doxorubicin in vitro release profile was linear over 90 days. The results demonstrate that GPX is a versatile liquid embolic platform that can be formulated with a wide range of viscosities injectable at clinically practical flow rates, with either transient or permanent contrast, and that can provide prolonged zero-order delivery of doxorubicin to embolized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J. Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States,*Correspondence: Russell J. Stewart,
| | - Monika Sima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jessica Karz
- Fluidx Medical Technology, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Joshua P. Jones
- Fluidx Medical Technology, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Giona RM, Vitorazi L, Loh W. Assessing the Contribution of the Neutral Blocks in DNA/Block-Copolymer Polyplexes: Poly(acrylamide) vs. Poly(ethylene Oxide). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010398. [PMID: 36615592 PMCID: PMC9824764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of DNA with different block copolymers, namely poly (trimethylammonium chloride methacryloyoxy)ethyl)-block-poly(acrylamide), i.e., (PTEA)-b-(PAm), and poly (trimethylammonium chloride methacryloyoxy)ethyl)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), i.e., (PTEA)-b-(PEO), was studied. The nature of the cationic block was maintained fixed (PTEA), whereas the neutral blocks contained varying amounts of acrylamide or (ethylene oxide) units. According to results from isothermal titration microcalorimetry measurements, the copolymers interaction with DNA is endothermic with an enthalpy around 4.0 kJ mol−1 of charges for (PTEA)-b-(PAm) and 5.5 kJ mol−1 of charges for (PTEA)-b-(PEO). The hydrodynamic diameters of (PTEA)-b-(PEO)/DNA and (PTEA)-b-(PAm)/DNA polyplexes prepared by titration were around 200 nm at charge ratio (Z+/−) < 1. At Z+/− close and above 1, the (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)50/DNA and (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)200/DNA polyplexes precipitated. Interestingly, (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)1000/DNA polyplexes remained with a size of around 300 nm even after charge neutralization, probably due to the size of the neutral block. Conversely, for (PTEA)96-b-(PEO)100/DNA polyplexes, the size distribution was broad, indicating a more heterogeneous system. Polyplexes were also prepared by direct mixture at Z+/− of 2.0, and they displayed diameters around 120−150 nm, remaining stable for more than 10 days. Direct and reverse titration experiments showed that the order of addition affects both the size and charge of the resulting polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mello Giona
- LaMaFI—Laboratório de Materiais e Fenômenos de Interface, Chemistry Department, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Medianeira, Curitiba 85884-000, Paraná (PR), Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
| | - Letícia Vitorazi
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
- Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda 27255-125, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Watson Loh
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
- Correspondence:
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35
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Mendez-Ortiz W, Stebe KJ, Lee D. Ionic Strength-Dependent Assembly of Polyelectrolyte-Nanoparticle Membranes via Interfacial Complexation at a Water-Water Interface. ACS Nano 2022; 16:21087-21097. [PMID: 36449948 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Complexation between oppositely charged nanoparticles (NPs) and polyelectrolytes (PEs) is a scalable approach to assemble functional, stimuli-responsive membranes. Complexation at interfaces of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) has emerged as a powerful method to assemble these functional structures. Membranes formed at these interfaces can grow continuously to thicknesses approaching several millimeters and display a high degree of tunability via modification of solution properties such as ionic strength. To identify the membrane assembly mechanism, we study interfacial assembly in a prototypical dextran/PEG ATPS, in which silica (SiO2) NPs suspended in the PEG phase undergo interfacial complexation with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) supplied in the dextran phase. Using a microfluidic device that facilitates sequential insertion of fluorescent and nonfluorescent PDADMAC, we observe a transition in the membrane growth mechanism with ionic strength. In the absence of added salt ([NaCl] = 0 mM) PDADMAC chains permeate through the existing membrane to complex with NPs on the PEG side of the membrane, leading to the formation of well-stratified structures. At elevated ionic strength ([NaCl] = 500 mM), this permeation mechanism is lost. Rather, the complexing species incorporate uniformly across the membrane. We attribute this transition to a rapid exchange of PE-counterion, NP-counterion, and PE/NP binding sites facilitated by an increase in extrinsically compensated charged groups on the NPs and PEs at high salinity. These PDADMAC/SiO2 NP membranes have tremendous potential for the formation of functional membranes, offering control over the internal structure and serving as an ideal system for the generation of targeted release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Mendez-Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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36
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Kim B, Zhang D, Armstrong MS, Pelczer I, Prud’homme RK. Formulation of pH-Responsive Methacrylate-Based Polyelectrolyte-Stabilized Nanoparticles for Applications in Drug Delivery. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2022; 5:18770-18778. [PMID: 36583123 PMCID: PMC9791616 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive polyelectrolytes, including methacrylate-based anionic copolymers (MACs), are widely used as enteric coatings and matrices in oral drug delivery. Despite their widespread use in these macroscopic applications, the molecular understanding of their use as stabilizers for nanoparticles (NPs) is lacking. Here, we investigate how MACs can be used to create NPs for therapeutic drug delivery and the role of MAC molecular properties on the assembly of NPs via flash nanoprecipitation. The NP size is tuned from 59 to 454 nm by changing the degree of neutralization, ionic strength, total mass concentration, and the core-to-MAC ratio. The NP size is determined by the volume of hydrophilic domains on the surface relative to the volume of hydrophobic domains in the core. We calculate the dimensions of the hydrophobic NP core relative to the thickness of the polyelectrolyte layer over a range of ionizations. Importantly, the results are shown to apply to both high-molecular-weight polymers as core materials and small-molecule drugs. The pH responsiveness of MAC-stabilized NPs is also demonstrated. Future development of polyelectrolyte copolymer-stabilized nanomedicines will benefit from the guiding principles established in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjun Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Madeleine S. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - István Pelczer
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Robert K. Prud’homme
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
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Kukhtenko EV, Lavrentev FV, Shilovskikh VV, Zyrianova PI, Koltsov SI, Ivanov AS, Novikov AS, Muravev AA, Nikolaev KG, Andreeva DV, Skorb EV. Periodic Self-Assembly of Poly(ethyleneimine)-poly(4-styrenesulfonate) Complex Coacervate Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010045. [PMID: 36616395 PMCID: PMC9824353 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coacervation is a self-assembly strategy based on the complexation of polyelectrolytes, which is utilized in biomedicine and agriculture, as well as automotive and textile industries. In this paper, we developed a new approach to the on-demand periodic formation of polyelectrolyte complexes through a Liesegang-type hierarchical organization. Adjustment of reaction conditions allows us to assemble materials with a tunable spatiotemporal geometry and establish materials' production cycles with a regulated periodicity. The proposed methodology allows the membrane to self-assemble when striving to reach balance and self-heal after exposure to external stimuli, such as potential difference and high pH. Using chronopotentiometry, K+ ion permeability behavior of the PEI-PSS coacervate membranes was demonstrated. The periodically self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanomembranes could further be integrated into novel energy storage devices and intelligent biocompatible membranes for bionics, soft nanorobotics, biosensing, and biocomputing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipp V. Lavrentev
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Polina I. Zyrianova
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Semyon I. Koltsov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artemii S. Ivanov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton A. Muravev
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Daria V. Andreeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Ekaterina V. Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Celikkin N, Wong JE, Zenke M, Hieronymus T. Polyelectrolyte Coating of Ferumoxytol Differentially Impacts the Labeling of Inflammatory and Steady-State Dendritic Cell Subtypes. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36551893 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are emerging as advanced tools for medical applications. The coating of MNPs using polyelectrolytes (PEs) is a versatile means to tailor MNP properties and is used to optimize MNP functionality. Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical regulators of adaptive immune responses. Functionally distinct DC subsets exist, either under steady-state or inflammatory conditions, which are explored for the specific treatment of various diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity, and transplant rejection. Here, the impact of the PE coating of ferumoxytol for uptake into both inflammatory and steady-state DCs and the cellular responses to MNP labeling is addressed. Labeling efficiency by uncoated and PE-coated ferumoxytol is highly variable in different DC subsets, and PE coating significantly improves the labeling of steady-state DCs. Uncoated ferumoxytol results in increased cytotoxicity of steady-state DCs after labeling, which is abolished by the PE coating, while no increased cell death is observed in inflammatory DCs. Furthermore, uncoated and PE-coated ferumoxytol appear immunologically inert in inflammatory DCs, but they induce activation of steady-state DCs. These results show that the PE coating of MNPs can be applied to endow particles with desired properties for enhanced uptake and cell type-specific responses in distinct target DC populations.
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Mills R, Baldridge KC, Bernard M, Bhattacharyya D. Recent Advances in Responsive Membrane Functionalization Approaches and Applications. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022; 58:1202-1236. [PMID: 37063489 PMCID: PMC10103845 DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2145222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, significant advances have been made in the field of functionalized membranes. With the functionalization using various materials, such as polymers and enzymes, membranes can exhibit property changes in response to an environmental stimulation, such as heat, light, ionic strength, or pH. The resulting responsive nature allows for an increased breadth of membrane uses, due to the developed functionalization properties, such as smart-gating filtration for size-selective water contaminant removal, self-cleaning antifouling surfaces, increased scalability options, and highly sensitive molecular detection. In this review, new advances in both fabrication and applications of functionalized membranes are reported and summarized, including temperature-responsive, pH-responsive, light-responsive, enzyme-functionalized, and two-dimensional material-functionalized membranes. Specific emphasis was given to the most recent technological improvements, current limitations, advances in characterization techniques, and future directions for the field of functionalized membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rollie Mills
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kevin C. Baldridge
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Matthew Bernard
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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40
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Toghan A, Fawzy A, Al Bahir A, Alqarni N, Sanad MMS, Khairy M, Alakhras AI, Farag AA. Computational Foretelling and Experimental Implementation of the Performance of Polyacrylic Acid and Polyacrylamide Polymers as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for Copper in Nitric Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224802. [PMID: 36432929 PMCID: PMC9695254 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is primarily used in many industrial processes, but like many other metals, it suffers from corrosion damage. Polymers are not only one of the effective corrosion inhibitors but also are environmentally friendly agents in doing so. Hence, in this paper, the efficacy of two polyelectrolyte polymers, namely poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAM), as corrosion inhibitors for copper in molar nitric acid medium was explored. Chemical, electrochemical, and microscopic tools were employed in this investigation. The weight-loss study revealed that the computed inhibition efficiencies (% IEs) of both PAA and PAM increased with their concentrations but diminished with increasing HNO3 concentration and temperature. The results revealed that, at similar concentrations, the values of % IEs of PAM are slightly higher than those recorded for PAA, where these values at 298 K reached 88% and 84% in the presence of a 250 mg/L of PAM and PAA, respectively. The prominent IE% values for the tested polymers are due to their strong adsorption on the Cu surface and follow the Langmuir adsorption isoform. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were also calculated and discussed. The kinetics of corrosion inhibition by PAA and PAM showed a negative first-order process. The results showed also that the used polymers played as mixed-kind inhibitors with anodic priority. The mechanisms of copper corrosion in nitric acid medium and its inhibition by the tested polymers were discussed. DFT calculations and molecular dynamic (MD) modelling were used to investigate the effect of PAA and PAM molecular configuration on their anti-corrosion behavior. The results indicated that the experimental and computational study are highly consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Toghan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (A.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Ahmed Fawzy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (A.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Areej Al Bahir
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 64734, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alqarni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa M. S. Sanad
- Central Metallurgical Research & Development Institute, P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Abbas I. Alakhras
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Farag
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo 11727, Egypt
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41
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Islam M, Argueta E, Wojcikiewicz EP, Du D. Effects of Charged Polyelectrolytes on Amyloid Fibril Formation of a Tau Fragment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3034-3043. [PMID: 36219395 PMCID: PMC10249396 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein tau is involved in more than 20 different neurological disorders characterized by aberrant intracellular aggregation of tau in the brain. Here, we investigated the aggregation of a novel 20-residue model peptide, tau298-317, which is derived from the key microtubule binding domain of the full sequence tau. Our results show that tau298-317 highly mimics the physical and aggregation properties of tau. Under normal physiological conditions, the peptide maintains a disordered random coil without aggregation. The presence of polyanionic heparin (Hep) significantly promotes the aggregation of this peptide to form amyloid fibrils. The Hep-induced aggregation is sensitive to the ionic strength of the solution and the introduction of the negatively charged phosphate group on a serine (Ser305) residue in the sequence, suggesting an important role of electrostatic interactions in the mechanism of Hep-mediated aggregation. In addition, two positively charged polysaccharides, chitosan (CHT) and its quaternary derivative N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC), were found to effectively inhibit Hep-induced aggregation of tau298-317 in a concentration-dependent manner. Attractive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged moieties in CHT/TMC and the negatively charged residues of Hep play a critical role in inhibiting Hep-peptide interactions and suppressing peptide aggregation. Our results suggest that positively charged polyelectrolytes with optimized charged groups and charge distribution patterns can serve as effective molecular candidates to block tau-Hep interactions and prevent aggregation of tau induced by Hep and other polyanions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Emily Argueta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Ewa P. Wojcikiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Das BP, Tsianou M. Molecular Organization in Exponentially Growing Multilayer Thin Films Assembled with Polyelectrolytes and Clay. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4333. [PMID: 36297911 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilayer thin film assembly by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique offers an inexpensive and versatile route for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials. In the case of polymer-clay systems, however, the technique faces the challenges of low clay loading and lack of tunability of the film characteristics. This is addressed in the present work that achieves exponential growth in clay-containing polyelectrolyte films having high clay loading and tailored properties. Our approach involves the incorporation of a weak polyelectrolyte and a clay with relatively high charge density and small particle size. The system of investigation comprises poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as the polycation and laponite clay and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) as polyanions that are used alternately to create multilayers. Successful high clay loading and exponential growth were achieved by two different approaches of polyanion incorporation in the multilayers. A progressive increase in the degree of ionization of PAA was shown to contribute to the exponential growth. Our findings also include novel pathways to manipulate thickness, surface topography, and clay content. The strategy presented here can lead to novel approaches to fabricate tailor-made nanomaterials for distinct applications.
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Muronetz VI, Pozdyshev DV, Semenyuk PI. Polyelectrolytes for Enzyme Immobilization and the Regulation of Their Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194204. [PMID: 36236151 PMCID: PMC9571273 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we considered aspects related to the application of polyelectrolytes, primarily synthetic polyanions and polycations, to immobilize enzymes and regulate their properties. We mainly focused on the description of works in which polyelectrolytes were used to create complex and unusual systems (self-regulated enzyme-polyelectrolyte complexes, artificial chaperones, polyelectrolyte brushes, layer-by-layer immobilization and others). These works represent the field of "smart polymers", whilst the trivial use of charged polymers as carriers for adsorption or covalent immobilization of proteins is beyond the scope of this short review. In addition, we have included a section on the molecular modeling of interactions between proteins and polyelectrolytes, as modeling the binding of proteins with a strictly defined, and already known, spatial structure, to disordered polymeric molecules has its own unique characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I. Muronetz
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bld 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)939-14-56
| | - Denis V. Pozdyshev
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bld 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel I. Semenyuk
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bld 40, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Uniformly charged polyelectrolyte molecules disperse uniformly in aqueous electrolyte solutions, due to electrostatic repulsion between them. In stark contrast to this well-established result of homogeneous polyelectrolyte solutions, we report a phenomenon where an aqueous solution of positively charged poly(L-lysine) (PLL) exhibits precipitation of similarly charged macromolecules at low ionic strength and a homogeneous solution at very high ionic strength, with a stable mesomorphic state of spherical aggregates as an interlude between these two limits. The precipitation at lower ionic strengths that is orthogonal to the standard polyelectrolyte behavior and the emergence of the mesomorphic state are triggered by the presence of a monovalent small organic anion, acrylate, in the electrolyte solution. Using light scattering, we find that the hydrodynamic radius Rh of isolated PLL chains shrinks upon a decrease in electrolyte (NaBr) concentration, exhibiting the "anti-polyelectrolyte effect." In addition, Rh of the aggregates in the mesomorphic state depends on PLL concentration cp according to the scaling law, [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, at higher PLL concentration, the mesomorphic aggregates disassemble by a self-poisoning mechanism. We conjecture that all these findings can be attributed to both intra- and interchain dipolar interactions arising from the transformation of polycationic PLL into a physical polyzwitterionic PLL at higher concentrations of acrylate. The reported phenomenon of PLL exhibiting dipole-directed assembly of mesomorphic states and the anti-polyelectrolyte effect are of vital importance toward understanding more complex situations such as coacervation and formation of biomolecular condensates.
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Jiang T, Maddalena L, Gomez J, Carosio F, Fina A. Polyelectrolytes Enabled Reduced Graphite Oxide Water Dispersions: Effects of the Structure, Molecular Weight, and Charge Density. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194165. [PMID: 36236113 PMCID: PMC9573485 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyelectrolyte (PE)-based water dispersion of graphene-related materials (GRMs) represents an interesting intermediate for the development of advanced materials by sustainable processes. Although the proof of concept has been demonstrated, there is a lack of knowledge for what concerns the effects of parameters typical of PEs such as functionalization, molecular weight, and charge density. In this work, we evaluate the effects of such parameters on the quality and long-term stability of reduced graphite oxide (rGO) dispersion in aqueous media prepared by ultrasound sonication in the presence of different PEs. Four PEs were evaluated: polyacrylic acid (PAA), branched poly(ethylenimine) (BPEI), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS). The prepared dispersions were thoroughly characterized by means of UV-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, and Raman spectroscopy. The highest concentrations of rGO were achieved by BPEI with a molecular weight of 25,000 and 270,000 Da (33 and 26 µg/mL, respectively). For other PEs, the rGO concentration was found to be independent of the molecular weight. The PAA-based dispersions displayed the best through-time stability while yielding homogeneous dispersion with a smaller average size and narrower size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Jiang
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenza Maddalena
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Julio Gomez
- AVANZARE Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Federico Carosio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alberto Fina
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Siegel H, Sprockel AJ, Schwenger MS, Steenhoff JM, Achterhuis I, de Vos WM, Haase MF. Synthesis and Polyelectrolyte Functionalization of Hollow Fiber Membranes Formed by Solvent Transfer Induced Phase Separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:43195-43206. [PMID: 36106768 PMCID: PMC9523618 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration membranes are important porous materials to produce freshwater in an increasingly water-scarce world. A recent approach to generate porous membranes is solvent transfer induced phase separation (STrIPS). During STrIPS, the interplay of liquid-liquid phase separation and nanoparticle self-assembly results in hollow fibers with small surface pores, ideal structures for applications as filtration membranes. However, the underlying mechanisms of the membrane formation are still poorly understood, limiting the control over structure and properties. To address this knowledge gap, we study the nonequilibrium dynamics of hollow fiber structure evolution. Confocal microscopy reveals the distribution of nanoparticles and monomers during STrIPS. Diffusion simulations are combined with measurements of the interfacial elasticity to investigate the effect of the solvent concentration on nanoparticle stabilization. Furthermore, we demonstrate the separation performance of the membrane during ultrafiltration. To this end, polyelectrolyte multilayers are deposited on the membrane, leading to tunable pores that enable the removal of dextran molecules of different molecular weights (>360 kDa, >60 kDa, >18 kDa) from a feed water stream. The resulting understanding of STrIPS and the simplicity of the synthesis process open avenues to design novel membranes for advanced separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Siegel
- Van’t
Hoff Laboratory of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alessio J. Sprockel
- Van’t
Hoff Laboratory of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew S. Schwenger
- Henry
M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Jesse M. Steenhoff
- Van’t
Hoff Laboratory of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Iske Achterhuis
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Membrane Surface Science, Membrane Science
and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebe M. de Vos
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Membrane Surface Science, Membrane Science
and Technology, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Martin F. Haase
- Van’t
Hoff Laboratory of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Agrawal A, Douglas JF, Tirrell M, Karim A. Manipulation of coacervate droplets with an electric field. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203483119. [PMID: 35925890 PMCID: PMC9372540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203483119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many biopolymers are highly charged, and as in the case of many polymer mixtures, they tend to phase separate as a natural consequence of chain connectivity and an associated relatively low entropy of polymer mixing. Recently, it has become appreciated that the phase-separated structures formed by such polyelectrolyte blends, called "complex coacervates," underlie numerous biological structures and processes essential to living systems, and there has been intense interest in understanding the unique physical features of this type of phase-separation process. In the present work, we are particularly concerned with the field responsiveness of stabilized coacervate droplets formed after the phase separation of polyelectrolyte blend solution and then exposed to deionized water, making the droplet interfacial layer acquire a viscoelastic character that strongly stabilizes it against coalescence. We show that we can precisely control the positions of individual droplets and arrays of them with relatively low-voltage electric fields (on the order of 10 V/cm) and that the imposition of an oscillatory field gives rise to chain formation with coarsening of these chains into long fibers. Such a phase-separation-like process is generally observed in electrorheological fluids of solid colloidal particles subjected to much larger field strengths. The key to these coacervates' electrorheological properties is the altered interfacial viscoelastic properties when the droplets are introduced into deionized water and the associated high polarizability of the droplets, similar to the properties of many living cells. Since many different molecular payloads can be incorporated into these stable droplets, we anticipate many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Agrawal
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Matthew Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Alamgir Karim
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204
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Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which are very common and essential to many biological activities, sometimes function via interaction with another IDP and form a fuzzy complex, which can be highly stable. It is unclear what the biophysical forces are that govern their thermodynamics and specificity, which are essential for de novo fuzzy complex design. Here, we explored the fuzzy complex formed between ProTα and H1, which are oppositely charged IDPs, by swapping the charges between them, generating variants that have either greater polyampholytic or polyelectrolytic nature as well as different charge patterns. Charge swapping and shuffling dramatically change the affinity of the fuzzy complex, which is contributed to by both enthalpy and entropy, where the latter is dominated by counterion release. The association between two intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) may produce a fuzzy complex characterized by a high binding affinity, similar to that found in the ultrastable complexes formed between two well-structured proteins. Here, using coarse-grained simulations, we quantified the biophysical forces driving the formation of such fuzzy complexes. We found that the high-affinity complex formed between the highly and oppositely charged H1 and ProTα proteins is sensitive to electrostatic interactions. We investigated 52 variants of the complex by swapping charges between the two oppositely charged proteins to produce sequences whose negatively or positively charged residue content was more homogeneous or heterogenous (i.e., polyelectrolytic or polyampholytic, having higher or lower absolute net charges, respectively) than the wild type. We also changed the distributions of oppositely charged residues within each participating sequence to produce variants in which the charges were segregated or well mixed. Both types of changes significantly affect binding affinity in fuzzy complexes, which is governed by both enthalpy and entropy. The formation of H1–ProTa is supported by an increase in configurational entropy and by entropy due to counterion release. The latter can be twice as large as the former, illustrating the dominance of counterion entropy in modulating the binding thermodynamics. Complexes formed between proteins with greater absolute net charges are more stable, both enthalpically and entropically, indicating that enthalpy and entropy have a mutually reinforcing effect. The sensitivity of the thermodynamics of the complex to net charge and the charge pattern within each of the binding constituents may provide a means to achieve binding specificity between IDPs.
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Ding N, Zhou T, Weng W, Lin Z, Liu S, Maitarad P, Wang C, Guo J. Multivariate Synthetic Strategy for Improving Crystallinity of Zwitterionic Squaraine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Photothermal Performance. Small 2022; 18:e2201275. [PMID: 35585681 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) offer a designable platform to explore porous polyelectrolyte frameworks with periodic ionic skeletons and uniform pore channels. However, the crystallinity of ionized 2D COF is often far from satisfactory as the electrostatic assembly of structures impedes the ordered layered arrangement. Here, a multivariate synthetic strategy to synthesize a highly crystalline squaraine (SQ)-linked zwitterionic 2D COF is proved. A neutral aldehyde monomer copolymerizes with squaric acid (SA) and amines in a controlled manner, resulting in the ionized COF with linkage heterogeneity in one tetragonal framework. Thus, the zwitterions of SQ are spatially isolated to minimize the electrostatic interaction and maintain the highly ordered layered stacking. With the addition of 85%-90% SA (relative to a total of aldehydes and SA), a fully SQ-linked zwitterionic 2D COF is achieved by the in-situ conversion of imine to SQ linkages. Such a highly crystalline SQ-linked COF promotes absorptivity in a full spectrum and photothermal conversion performances, and in turn, it exhibits enhanced solar-to-vapor generation with an efficiency of as high as 92.19%. These results suggest that synthetically regulating charge distribution is desirable to constitute a family of new crystalline polyelectrolyte frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shujing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Phornphimon Maitarad
- Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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50
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Warshavsky V, Marucho M. Theory of Weakly Polydisperse Cytoskeleton Filaments. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2042. [PMID: 35631924 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeleton filaments have the extraordinary ability to change conformations dynamically in response to alterations of the number density of actins/tubulin, the number density and type of binding agents, and the electrolyte concentration. This property is crucial for eukaryotic cells to achieve specific biological functions in different cellular compartments. Conventional approaches to biopolymers’ solution break down for cytoskeleton filaments because they entail several approximations to treat their polyelectrolyte and mechanical properties. In this article, we introduce a novel density functional theory for polydisperse, semiflexible cytoskeleton filaments. The approach accounts for the equilibrium polymerization kinetics, length and orientation filament distributions, as well as the electrostatic interaction between filaments and the electrolyte. This is essential for cytoskeleton polymerization in different cell compartments generating filaments of different lengths, sometimes long enough to become semiflexible. We characterized the thermodynamics properties of actin filaments in electrolyte aqueous solutions. We calculated the free energy, pressure, chemical potential, and second virial coefficient for each filament conformation. We also calculated the phase diagram of actin filaments’ solution and compared with the corresponding results in in vitro experiments.
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