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Handl V, Waldherr L, Arbring Sjöström T, Abrahamsson T, Seitanidou M, Erschen S, Gorischek A, Bernacka-Wojcik I, Saarela H, Tomin T, Honeder SE, Distl J, Huber W, Asslaber M, Birner-Grünberger R, Schäfer U, Berggren M, Schindl R, Patz S, Simon DT, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N. Continuous iontronic chemotherapy reduces brain tumor growth in embryonic avian in vivo models. J Control Release 2024; 369:668-683. [PMID: 38548064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Local and long-lasting administration of potent chemotherapeutics is a promising therapeutic intervention to increase the efficiency of chemotherapy of hard-to-treat tumors such as the most lethal brain tumors, glioblastomas (GBM). However, despite high toxicity for GBM cells, potent chemotherapeutics such as gemcitabine (Gem) cannot be widely implemented as they do not efficiently cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). As an alternative method for continuous administration of Gem, we here operate freestanding iontronic pumps - "GemIPs" - equipped with a custom-synthesized ion exchange membrane (IEM) to treat a GBM tumor in an avian embryonic in vivo system. We compare GemIP treatment effects with a topical metronomic treatment and observe that a remarkable growth inhibition was only achieved with steady dosing via GemIPs. Daily topical drug administration (at the maximum dosage that was not lethal for the embryonic host organism) did not decrease tumor sizes, while both treatment regimes caused S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We hypothesize that the pharmacodynamic effects generate different intratumoral drug concentration profiles for each technique, which causes this difference in outcome. We created a digital model of the experiment, which proposes a fast decay in the local drug concentration for the topical daily treatment, but a long-lasting high local concentration of Gem close to the tumor area with GemIPs. Continuous chemotherapy with iontronic devices opens new possibilities in cancer treatment: the long-lasting and highly local dosing of clinically available, potent chemotherapeutics to greatly enhance treatment efficiency without systemic side-effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Iontronic pumps (GemIPs) provide continuous and localized administration of the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine (Gem) for treating glioblastoma in vivo. By generating high and constant drug concentrations near the vascularized growing tumor, GemIPs offer an efficient and less harmful alternative to systemic administration. Continuous GemIP dosing resulted in remarkable growth inhibition, superior to daily topical Gem application at higher doses. Our digital modelling shows the advantages of iontronic chemotherapy in overcoming limitations of burst release and transient concentration profiles, and providing precise control over dosing profiles and local distribution. This technology holds promise for future implants, could revolutionize treatment strategies, and offers a new platform for studying the influence of timing and dosing dependencies of already-established drugs in the fight against hard-to-treat tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Handl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center - Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Linda Waldherr
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center - Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria, Auenbruggerplatz 30, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Theresia Arbring Sjöström
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Seitanidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sabine Erschen
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center - Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Gorischek
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center - Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Iwona Bernacka-Wojcik
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Helena Saarela
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Elisabeth Honeder
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim Distl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center - Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Waltraud Huber
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Research Unit CAM Lab, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Asslaber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Grünberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ute Schäfer
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center - Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria, Auenbruggerplatz 30, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Silke Patz
- Research Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Nassim Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology, Research Unit CAM Lab, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Cherian D, Roy A, Bersellini Farinotti A, Abrahamsson T, Arbring Sjöström T, Tybrandt K, Nilsson D, Berggren M, Svensson CI, Poxson DJ, Simon DT. Flexible Organic Electronic Ion Pump Fabricated Using Inkjet Printing and Microfabrication for Precision In Vitro Delivery of Bupivacaine. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300550. [PMID: 37069480 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is an on-demand electrophoretic drug delivery device, that via electronic to ionic signal conversion enables drug delivery without additional pressure or volume changes. The fundamental component of OEIPs is their polyelectrolyte membranes which are shaped into ionic channels that conduct and deliver ionic drugs, with high spatiotemporal resolution. The patterning of these membranes is essential in OEIP devices and is typically achieved using laborious microprocessing techniques. Here, the development of an inkjet printable formulation of polyelectrolyte is reported, based on a custom anionically functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (i-AHPG). This polyelectrolyte ink greatly simplifies the fabrication process and is used in the production of free-standing OEIPs on flexible polyimide (PI) substrates. Both i-AHPG and the OEIP devices are characterized, exhibiting favorable iontronic characteristics of charge selectivity and the ability to transport aromatic compounds. Further, the applicability of these technologies is demonstrated by the transport and delivery of the pharmaceutical compound bupivacaine to dorsal root ganglion cells with high spatial precision and effective nerve blocking, highlighting the applicability of these technologies for biomedical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Cherian
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Arghyamalya Roy
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | | | - Tobias Abrahamsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Theresia Arbring Sjöström
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - David Nilsson
- Unit of Printed Electronics, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Norrköping, 60221, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - David J Poxson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, 60174, Sweden
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Arbring Sjöström T, Jonsson A, Gabrielsson E, Kergoat L, Tybrandt K, Berggren M, Simon DT. Cross-Linked Polyelectrolyte for Improved Selectivity and Processability of Iontronic Systems. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:30247-30252. [PMID: 28831798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
On-demand local release of biomolecules enables fine-tuned stimulation for the next generation of neuromodulation therapies. Such chemical stimulation is achievable using iontronic devices based on microfabricated, highly selective ion exchange membranes (IEMs). Current limitations in processability and performance of thin film IEMs hamper future developments of this technology. Here we address this limitation by developing a cationic IEM with excellent processability and ionic selectivity: poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSS-co-MA) cross-linked with polyethylene glycol (PEG). This enables new design opportunities and provides enhanced compatibility with in vitro cell studies. PSSA-co-MA/PEG is shown to out-perform the cation selectivity of the previously used iontronic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Arbring Sjöström
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Amanda Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Erik Gabrielsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Loïg Kergoat
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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Seitanidou M, Franco-Gonzalez JF, Sjöström TA, Zozoulenko I, Berggren M, Simon DT. pH Dependence of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Iontronic Transport. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7284-7289. [PMID: 28741949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) has been developed as an "iontronic" tool for delivery of biological signaling compounds. OEIPs rely on electrophoretically "pumping" charged compounds, either at neutral or shifted pH, through an ion-selective channel. Significant shifts in pH lead to an abundance of H+ or OH-, which are delivered along with the intended substance. While this method has been used to transport various neurotransmitters, the role of pH has not been explored. Here we present an investigation of the role of pH on OEIP transport efficiency using the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as the model cationic delivery substance. GABA transport is evaluated at various pHs using electrical and chemical characterization and compared to molecular dynamics simulations, all of which agree that pH 3 is ideal for GABA transport. These results demonstrate a useful method for optimizing transport of other substances and thus broadening OEIP applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Seitanidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Juan Felipe Franco-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Theresia Arbring Sjöström
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Igor Zozoulenko
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University , 60174 Norrköping, Sweden
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Jonsson A, Sjöström TA, Tybrandt K, Berggren M, Simon DT. Chemical delivery array with millisecond neurotransmitter release. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1601340. [PMID: 27847873 PMCID: PMC5099981 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Technologies that restore or augment dysfunctional neural signaling represent a promising route to deeper understanding and new therapies for neurological disorders. Because of the chemical specificity and subsecond signaling of the nervous system, these technologies should be able to release specific neurotransmitters at specific locations with millisecond resolution. We have previously demonstrated an organic electronic lateral electrophoresis technology capable of precise delivery of charged compounds, such as neurotransmitters. However, this technology, the organic electronic ion pump, has been limited to a single delivery point, or several simultaneously addressed outlets, with switch-on speeds of seconds. We report on a vertical neurotransmitter delivery device, configured as an array with individually controlled delivery points and a temporal resolution of 50 ms. This is achieved by supplementing lateral electrophoresis with a control electrode and an ion diode at each delivery point to allow addressing and limit leakage. By delivering local pulses of neurotransmitters with spatiotemporal dynamics approaching synaptic function, the high-speed delivery array promises unprecedented access to neural signaling and a path toward biochemically regulated neural prostheses.
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Williamson A, Rivnay J, Kergoat L, Jonsson A, Inal S, Uguz I, Ferro M, Ivanov A, Sjöström TA, Simon DT, Berggren M, Malliaras GG, Bernard C. Controlling epileptiform activity with organic electronic ion pumps. Adv Mater 2015; 27:3138-3144. [PMID: 25866154 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In treating epilepsy, the ideal solution is to act at a seizure's onset, but only in the affected regions of the brain. Here, an organic electronic ion pump is demonstrated, which directly delivers on-demand pure molecules to specific brain regions. State-of-the-art organic devices and classical pharmacology are combined to control pathological activity in vitro, and the results are verified with electrophysiological recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Williamson
- Aix Marseille Université, INS, UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Loïg Kergoat
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Amanda Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sahika Inal
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Ilke Uguz
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Marc Ferro
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Anton Ivanov
- Aix Marseille Université, INS, UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Theresia Arbring Sjöström
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541, Gardanne, France
| | - Christophe Bernard
- Aix Marseille Université, INS, UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
- Inserm, UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
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Nyman E, Lindgren I, Lövfors W, Lundengård K, Cervin I, Sjöström TA, Altimiras J, Cedersund G. Mathematical modeling improves EC50 estimations from classical dose-response curves. FEBS J 2015; 282:951-62. [PMID: 25586512 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The β-adrenergic response is impaired in failing hearts. When studying β-adrenergic function in vitro, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) is an important measure of ligand response. We previously measured the in vitro contraction force response of chicken heart tissue to increasing concentrations of adrenaline, and observed a decreasing response at high concentrations. The classical interpretation of such data is to assume a maximal response before the decrease, and to fit a sigmoid curve to the remaining data to determine EC50 . Instead, we have applied a mathematical modeling approach to interpret the full dose-response curve in a new way. The developed model predicts a non-steady-state caused by a short resting time between increased concentrations of agonist, which affect the dose-response characterization. Therefore, an improved estimate of EC50 may be calculated using steady-state simulations of the model. The model-based estimation of EC50 is further refined using additional time-resolved data to decrease the uncertainty of the prediction. The resulting model-based EC50 (180-525 nm) is higher than the classically interpreted EC50 (46-191 nm). Mathematical modeling thus makes it possible to re-interpret previously obtained datasets, and to make accurate estimates of EC50 even when steady-state measurements are not experimentally feasible. DATABASE The mathematical models described here have been submitted to the JWS Online Cellular Systems Modelling Database, and may be accessed at http://jjj.bio.vu.nl/database/nyman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Nyman
- Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; CVMD iMED DMPK AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden
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