101
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Yoshimoto S, Itaya K. Adsorption and assembly of ions and organic molecules at electrochemical interfaces: nanoscale aspects. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:213-235. [PMID: 23772658 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-062012-092559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the history of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and advances made in this field during the past 20 years. In situ STM allows one to monitor various electrode processes, such as the underpotential deposition of copper and silver ions; the specific adsorption of iodine and sulfate/bisulfate ions; electrochemical dissolution processes of silicon and gold single-crystal surfaces in electrolyte solutions; and the molecular assembly of metalloporphyrins, metallophthalocyanines, and fullerenes, at atomic and/or molecular resolution. Furthermore, a laser confocal microscope, combined with a differential interference contrast microscope, enables investigation of the dynamics of electrochemical processes at atomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yoshimoto
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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102
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Mao XF, Lin T, Adisoejoso J, Shi Z, Shang XS, Liu PN, Lin N. Coordination self-assembly of bromo-phenyl and pyridyl functionalized porphyrins with Fe on an Au(111) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12447-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50779c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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103
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Zhang X, Xu H, Shen Y, Wang Y, Shen Z, Zeng Q, Wang C. Solvent dependent supramolecular self-assembly and surface reversal of a modified porphyrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12510-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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104
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Herrera H, de Echegaray P, Urdanpilleta M, Mancheño MJ, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P, Segura JL. Linear and star-shaped naphthalimide-fused pyrazinacenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:713-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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105
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Yamada Y, Okada MA, Tanaka K. Repetitive stepwise rotaxane formation toward programmable molecular arrays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11053-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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106
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Jiang B, Chen LJ, Xu L, Liu SY, Yang HB. A series of new star-shaped or branched platinum–acetylide derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and their aggregation behavior. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6977-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42689k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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107
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Rong Y, Chen P, Liu M. Self-assembly of water-soluble TPPS in organic solvents: from nanofibers to mirror imaged chiral nanorods. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10498-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46467a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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108
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Yamada Y, Mihara N, Tanaka K. Synthesis of a hetero-dinuclear metal complex in a porphyrin/phthalocyanine four-fold rotaxane. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15873-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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109
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Iacovita C, Fesser P, Vijayaraghavan S, Enache M, Stöhr M, Diederich F, Jung TA. Controlling the dimensionality and structure of supramolecular porphyrin assemblies by their functional substituents: dimers, chains, and close-packed 2D assemblies. Chemistry 2012; 18:14610-3. [PMID: 23065935 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Repulsive interactions: a staging of supramolecular aggregation from (0D) clusters to (1D) chains and (2D) assemblies as a function of molecular coverage of dipolar porphyrins adsorbed on the Ag(111) surface is described. It displays a complex interplay of both attractive and repulsive molecule-molecule interactions, the emergence of chirality, and the registry of the substrate.
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110
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Maqueira L, Iribarren A, Valdés AC, de Meloc CP, dos Santos CG. Preparation and characterization of SDS-stabilized hydrophobic porphyrinic nanoaggregates in water. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612500320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin nanoaggregates formed in the interior of colloidal suspensions can be considered as examples of supramolecular systems with self-organized architecture. Due to their peculiar optical and electrochemical properties such as decrease of fluorescence, increase of conductivity and possible electron transfer, these aggregates can be used in the design and fabrication of optoelectronic devices, such as organic solar cells and optical and electrochemical sensors. In this paper, we first describe the synthesis of a series of hydrophobic tetraphenylporphyrins by a change in the order of reagents addition that results in high yields of the desired products. These products were then employed to obtain stable suspensions of porphyrinic nanoaggregates in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The aggregates resulting of the encapsulation of the tetraphenylporphyrins into the micelles of the surfactant were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The results indicate that the nanoggregates have a spherical morphology with particles whose average size ranges between 46–78 nm and ζ-potential values (higher than 55 mV), indicative of excellent stability. Optical characterization was used to determine the classification of nanoaggregates, according to the observed shifts on the absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Maqueira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, C.P. 10400, La Habana, Cuba
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, C.P. 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - A. Iribarren
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, C.P. 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - A. C. Valdés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, Universidad de La Habana, Zapata y G, Vedado, C.P. 10400, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Celso P. de Meloc
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Clécio G. dos Santos
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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111
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Ren XB, Chen M, Qian DJ. Pd(II)-mediated triad multilayers with zinc tetrapyridylporphyrin and pyridine-functionalized nano-TiO2 as linkers: assembly, characterization, and photocatalytic properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7711-7719. [PMID: 22548275 DOI: 10.1021/la300504e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Triad hybrid multilayers containing the light sensitizers of zinc tetrapyridylporphyrin (ZnTPyP) and pyridine-functionalized TiO(2) (TiO(2)-Py) nanoparticles were constructed on substrate surfaces with the use of Pd(II) ions as the connectors using the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. The assembly process was monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectra as well as scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The content of the pyridine substituents in the TiO(2)-Py nanocomposites was about 2% (w/w). The Soret absorption band of ZnTPyP was 24 nm red-shifted in the hybrid multilayers due to a strong intermolecular electronic coupling interaction among porphyrin macrocycles or porphyrin macrocycle/TiO(2)-Py nanoparticles. The average surface density of each ZnTPyP layer was about 1.4 × 10(-10) mol/cm(2). Aggregation of the small TiO(2)-Py nanoparticles to larger domains with sizes up to hundreds of nanometers occurred in the hybrid multilayers; however, such an aggregation behavior was weaker than that in the solutions. The quartz substrate modified with the as-prepared Pd/ZnTPyP/Pd/TiO(2)-Py triad hybrid multilayers was used as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under irradiation (λ > 420 nm) at room temperature with a catalytic efficiency of about 1.3 × 10(-3) MO/ZnTPyP·s. Without the use of the filter, the catalytic efficiency increased because both ZnTPyP and TiO(2)-Py nanocomposites acted as the light sensitizers. It is suggested that the present heterogeneous catalyst has the advantages of facile separation, high stability, structural controllability on the molecular and nanoscale level, and good recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bing Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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112
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Wakahara T, D'Angelo P, Miyazawa K, Nemoto Y, Ito O, Tanigaki N, Bradley DDC, Anthopoulos TD. Fullerene/cobalt porphyrin hybrid nanosheets with ambipolar charge transporting characteristics. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7204-6. [PMID: 22515598 DOI: 10.1021/ja211951v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel supramolecular nanoarchitecture, comprising C(60)/Co porphyrin nanosheets, was prepared by a simple liquid-liquid interfacial precipitation method and fully characterized by means of optical microscopy, AFM, STEM, TEM, and XRD. It is established that the highly crystalline C(60)/Co porphyrin nanosheets have a simple (1:1) stoichiometry, and when incorporated in bottom-gate, bottom-contact field-effect transistors (FETs), they show ambipolar charge transport characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Wakahara
- Fullerene Engineering Group, Advanced Materials Processing Unit, Advanced Key Technologies Division, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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113
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Rauch V, Wytko JA, Takahashi M, Kikkawa Y, Kanesato M, Weiss J. Dynamic Assembly of Porphyrin Wires Trapped on a Highly Oriented Pyrolitic Graphite Surface. Org Lett 2012; 14:1998-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300488y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Rauch
- CLAC, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-UDS, BP 1032, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Jennifer A. Wytko
- CLAC, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-UDS, BP 1032, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takahashi
- CLAC, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-UDS, BP 1032, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- CLAC, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-UDS, BP 1032, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kanesato
- CLAC, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-UDS, BP 1032, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Jean Weiss
- CLAC, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS-UDS, BP 1032, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France, and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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114
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Yoshimoto S. Effects of protonation of pyridine moieties on the 2D assembly of porphyrin layers on Au(111) at electrochemical interfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4612-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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115
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Rahe P, Lindner R, Kittelmann M, Nimmrich M, Kühnle A. From dewetting to wetting molecular layers: C60 on CaCO3(101̄4) as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6544-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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116
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Sakano T, Hasegawa JY, Higashiguchi K, Matsuda K. Chronological Change from Face-On to Edge-On Ordering of Zinc-Tetraphenylporphyrin at the Phenyloctane-Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Interface. Chem Asian J 2011; 7:394-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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117
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Yamada Y, Okamoto M, Furukawa K, Kato T, Tanaka K. Switchable Intermolecular Communication in a Four-Fold Rotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:709-13. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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118
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Yamada Y, Okamoto M, Furukawa K, Kato T, Tanaka K. Switchable Intermolecular Communication in a Four-Fold Rotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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119
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Hernández-Eguía LP, Escudero-Adán EC, Pintre IC, Ventura B, Flamigni L, Ballester P. Supramolecular Inclusion Complexes of Two Cyclic Zinc Bisporphyrins with C60 and C70: Structural, Thermodynamic, and Photophysical Characterization. Chemistry 2011; 17:14564-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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120
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Ciesielski A, Cadeddu A, Palma CA, Gorczyński A, Patroniak V, Cecchini M, Samorì P. Self-templating 2D supramolecular networks: a new avenue to reach control over a bilayer formation. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:4125-4129. [PMID: 21792434 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in 2D self-assembly at interfaces is the ability to grow spatially controlled supramolecular motifs in the third dimension, exploiting the surface as a template. In this manuscript a concentration-dependent study by scanning tunneling microscopy at the solid-liquid interface, corroborated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, reveals the controlled generation of mono- or bilayer self-assembled Kagomé networks based on a fully planar tetracarboxylic acid derivative. By programming the backbone of the molecular building blocks, we present a strategy to gain spatial control over the adlayer structure by conferring self-templating capacity to the 2D self-assembled network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS/UMR CNRS 7006, Nanochemistry Laboratory, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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121
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Iyoda M, Yamakawa J, Rahman MJ. Conjugated Macrocycles: Concepts and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:10522-53. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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122
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Perrin ML, Prins F, Martin CA, Shaikh AJ, Eelkema R, van Esch JH, Briza T, Kaplanek R, Kral V, van Ruitenbeek JM, van der Zant HSJ, Dulić D. Influence of the Chemical Structure on the Stability and Conductance of Porphyrin Single-Molecule Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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123
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Perrin ML, Prins F, Martin CA, Shaikh AJ, Eelkema R, van Esch JH, Briza T, Kaplanek R, Kral V, van Ruitenbeek JM, van der Zant HSJ, Dulić D. Influence of the chemical structure on the stability and conductance of porphyrin single-molecule junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11223-6. [PMID: 21957060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael L Perrin
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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124
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Stangel C, Charalambidis G, Varda V, Coutsolelos AG, Kostas ID. Aqueous-Organic Biphasic Hydrogenation of trans-Cinnamaldehyde Catalyzed by Rhodium and Ruthenium Phosphane-Free Porphyrin Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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125
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Hanai Y, Rahman MJ, Yamakawa J, Takase M, Nishinaga T, Hasegawa M, Kamada K, Iyoda M. Synthesis and Nanostructures of Cyclic Triphenylene Trimers Having Long Alkyl and Alkoxy Side-Chains. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:2940-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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126
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Haq S, Hanke F, Dyer MS, Persson M, Iavicoli P, Amabilino DB, Raval R. Clean coupling of unfunctionalized porphyrins at surfaces to give highly oriented organometallic oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:12031-9. [PMID: 21707113 DOI: 10.1021/ja201389u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The direct coupling of complex, functional organic molecules at a surface is one of the outstanding challenges in the road map to future molecular devices. Equally demanding is to meet this challenge without recourse to additional functionalization of the molecular building blocks and via clean surface reactions that leave no surface contamination. Here, we demonstrate the directional coupling of unfunctionalized porphyrin molecules--large aromatic multifunctional building blocks--on a single crystal copper surface, which generates highly oriented one-dimensional organometallic macromolecular nanostructures (wires) in a reaction which generates gaseous hydrogen as the only byproduct. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy and temperature programmed desorption, supported by theoretical modeling, reveal that the process is driven by C-H bond scission and the incorporation of copper atoms in between the organic components to form a very stable organocopper oligomer comprising organometallic edge-to-edge porphyrin-Cu-porphyrin connections on the surface that are unprecedented in solution chemistry. The hydrogen generated during the reaction leaves the surface and, therefore, produces no surface contamination. A remarkable feature of the wires is their stability at high temperatures (up to 670 K) and their preference for 1D growth along a prescribed crystallographic direction of the surface. The on-surface formation of directional organometallic wires that link highly functional porphyrin cores via direct C-Cu-C bonds in a single-step synthesis is a new development in surface-based molecular systems and provides a versatile approach to create functional organic nanostructures at surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Haq
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
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127
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Dyer MS, Robin A, Haq S, Raval R, Persson M, Klimes J. Understanding the interaction of the porphyrin macrocycle to reactive metal substrates: structure, bonding, and adatom capture. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1831-1838. [PMID: 21322530 DOI: 10.1021/nn102610k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the adsorption and conformation of free-base porphines on Cu(110) using STM, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, and periodic DFT calculations in order to understand how the central polypyrrole macrocycle, common to all porphyrins, interacts with a reactive metal surface. We find that the macrocycle forms a chemisorption bond with the surface, arising from electron donation into down-shifted and nearly degenerate unoccupied porphine π-orbitals accompanied with electron back-donation from molecular π-orbitals. Our calculations show that van der Waals interactions give rise to an overall increase in the adsorption energy but only minor changes in the adsorption geometry and electronic structure. In addition, we observe copper adatoms being weakly attracted to adsorbed porphines at specific molecular sites. These results provide important insights into porphyrin-surface interactions that, ultimately, will govern the design of robust surface-mounted molecular devices based on this important class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Dyer
- The Surface Science Research Center, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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128
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Shi N, Xie L, Sun H, Duan J, Yin G, Xu Z, Huang W. Facile synthesis of shape and size tunable porphyrinoid coordination polymers: from copper porphyrin nanoplates to microspindles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5055-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc05642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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129
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Tan JC, Cheetham AK. Mechanical properties of hybrid inorganic–organic framework materials: establishing fundamental structure–property relationships. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:1059-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00163e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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