101
|
Vormittag P, Gunn R, Ghorashian S, Veraitch FS. A guide to manufacturing CAR T cell therapies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:164-181. [PMID: 29462761 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells have been used as a treatment for haematological malignancies in several phase I and II trials and with Kymriah of Novartis and Yescarta of KITE Pharma, the first CAR T cell therapy products have been approved. Promising clinical outcomes have yet been tempered by the fact that many therapies may be prohibitively expensive to manufacture. The process is not yet defined, far from being standardised and often requires extensive manual handling steps. For academia, big pharma and contract manufacturers it is difficult to obtain an overview over the process strategies and their respective advantages and disadvantages. This review details current production processes being used for CAR T cells with a particular focus on efficacy, reproducibility, manufacturing costs and release testing. By undertaking a systematic analysis of the manufacture of CAR T cells from reported clinical trial data to date, we have been able to quantify recent trends and track the uptake of new process technology. Delivering new processing options will be key to the success of the CAR-T cells ensuring that excessive manufacturing costs do not disrupt the delivery of exciting new therapies to the wide possible patient cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Vormittag
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rebecca Gunn
- University College London, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Ghorashian
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1E, United Kingdom
| | - Farlan S Veraitch
- University College London, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells are redirected T-cells that can recognize cancer antigens in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent fashion. A typical CAR is comprised of two main functional domains: an extracellular antigen recognition domain, called a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), and an intracellular signaling domain. Based on the number of intracellular signaling molecules, CARs are categorized into four generations. CAR T-cell therapy has become a promising treatment for hematologic malignancies. However, results of its clinical trials on solid tumors have not been encouraging. Here, we described the structure of CARs and summarized the clinical trials of CD19-targeted CAR T-cells. The side effects, safety management, challenges, and future prospects of CAR T-cells for the treatment of cancer, particularly for solid tumors, were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Muhammad
- a Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- b Department of Pathology , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Haibin Xia
- a Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Hu Y, Wang J, Pu C, Zhao K, Cui Q, Wei G, Wu W, Xiao L, Xiao Y, Wang J, Wu Z, Huang H. Delayed Terminal Ileal Perforation in a Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma Patient with Rapid Remission Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 50:1462-1466. [PMID: 29397660 PMCID: PMC6192928 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell strategy targeting CD19 (CART19) has prominent anti-tumor effect for relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. CART19-associated complications have been gradually recognized, however, late-onset complications have not been extensively studied. Herein, for the first time we report a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient with terminal ileum involvement obtained rapid remission and developed spontaneous terminal ileal perforation 38 days following CART19 infusion. The late-onset perforation reminds us that, for the safety of CART treatment, more cautions are warranted for the management of delayed GI complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfei Pu
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- PET/CT Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qu Cui
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Wang Z, Han W. Biomarkers of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity related to CAR-T cell therapy. Biomark Res 2018; 6:4. [PMID: 29387417 PMCID: PMC5778792 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity following chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy can be life-threatening in some cases, and management of those toxicities is still a great challenge for physicians. Researchers hope to understand the pathophysiology of CRS and neurotoxicity, and identify predictive biomarkers that can forecast those toxicities in advance. Some risk factors for severe CRS and/or neurotoxicity including patient and treatment characteristics have been identified in multiple clinical trials of CAR-T cell therapy. Moreover, several groups have identified some predictive biomarkers that are able to determine beforehand which patients may suffer severe CRS and/or neurotoxicity during CAR-T cell therapy, facilitating testing of early intervention strategies for those toxicities. However, further studies are needed to better understand the biology and related risk factors for CRS and/or neurotoxicity, and determine if those identified predictors can be extrapolated to other series. Herein, we review the pathophysiology of CRS and neurotoxicity, and summarize the progress of predictive biomarkers to improve CAR-T cell therapy in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Wang
- Molecular & Immunological Department, Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Weidong Han
- Molecular & Immunological Department, Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853 China
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Ren YB, Sun SJ, Han SY. Safety Strategies of Genetically Engineered T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:78-83. [PMID: 29283058 PMCID: PMC5876919 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666171227222624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
T-cell therapy using genetically engineered T cells modified with either T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. The concerns about its toxicities still remain despite recent successes in clinical trials. Temporal and spatial control of the engineered therapeutic T cells may improve the safety profile of these treatment regimens. To achieve these goals, numerous approaches have been tested and utilized including the incorporation of a suicide gene, the switch-mediated activation, the combinatorial antigen recognition, etc. This review will summarize the toxicities caused by engineered T cells and novel strategies to overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bei Ren
- Stem Cell Research Center, People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, P.R.China
| | - Shang-Jun Sun
- Stem Cell Research Center, People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, P.R.China
| | - Shuang-Yin Han
- Stem Cell Research Center, People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Zhu F, Shah N, Xu H, Schneider D, Orentas R, Dropulic B, Hari P, Keever-Taylor CA. Closed-system manufacturing of CD19 and dual-targeted CD20/19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells using the CliniMACS Prodigy device at an academic medical center. Cytotherapy 2017; 20:394-406. [PMID: 29287970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Multiple steps are required to produce chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, involving subset enrichment or depletion, activation, gene transduction and expansion. Open processing steps that increase risk of contamination and production failure are required. This complex process requires skilled personnel and costly clean-room facilities and infrastructure. Simplified, reproducible CAR-T-cell manufacturing with reduced labor intensity within a closed-system is highly desirable for increased availability for patients. METHODS The CliniMACS Prodigy with TCT process software and the TS520 tubing set that allows closed-system processing for cell enrichment, transduction, washing and expansion was used. We used MACS-CD4 and CD8-MicroBeads for enrichment, TransAct CD3/CD28 reagent for activation, lentiviral CD8 TM-41BB-CD3 ζ-cfrag vectors expressing scFv for CD19 or CD20/CD19 antigens for transduction, TexMACS medium-3%-HS-IL2 for culture and phosphate-buffered saline/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer for washing. Processing time was 13 days. RESULTS Enrichment (N = 7) resulted in CD4/CD8 purity of 98 ± 4.0%, 55 ± 6% recovery and CD3+ T-cell purity of 89 ± 10%. Vectors at multiplicity of infection 5-10 resulted in transduction averaging 37%. An average 30-fold expansion of 108 CD4/CD8-enriched cells resulted in sufficient transduced T cells for clinical use. CAR-T cells were 82-100% CD3+ with a mix of CD4+ and CD8+ cells that primarily expressed an effector-memory or central-memory phenotype. Functional testing demonstrated recognition of B-cells and for the CAR-20/19 T cells, CD19 and CD20 single transfectants were recognized in cytotoxic T lymphocyte and interferon-γ production assays. DISCUSSION The CliniMACS Prodigy device, tubing set TS520 and TCT software allow CAR-T cells to be manufactured in a closed system at the treatment site without need for clean-room facilities and related infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenlu Zhu
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nirav Shah
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Huiqing Xu
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dina Schneider
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., A Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Rimas Orentas
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., A Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Boro Dropulic
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., A Miltenyi Biotec Company, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carolyn A Keever-Taylor
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology Division, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Guo Y, Feng K, Liu Y, Wu Z, Dai H, Yang Q, Wang Y, Jia H, Han W. Phase I Study of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells in Patients with EGFR-Positive Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:1277-1286. [PMID: 29138340 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This study is an expanded and parallel clinical trial of EGFR-specific chimeric antigen receptor-engineered autologous T (CART) cell immunotherapy (NCT01869166) to assess the safety and activity of CART-EGFR cell therapy in EGFR-positive advanced unresectable, relapsed/metastatic biliary tract cancers (BTC).Experimental Design: Patients with EGFR-positive (>50%) advanced unresectable, relapsed/metastatic BTCs were enrolled. Well-produced CART-EGFR cells were infused in a manner of dose escalation after the conditioning treatment with nab-paclitaxel (100-250 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (15-35 mg/kg).Results: A total of 19 patients (14 cholangiocarcinomas and 5 gallbladder carcinomas) received one to three cycles of CART-EGFR cell infusion (median CART cell dose, 2.65 × 106/kg; range, 0.8-4.1 × 106/kg) within 6 months. The CART-EGFR cell infusion was tolerated, but 3 patients suffered grade ≥3 acute fever/chill. Grade 1/2 target-mediated toxicities including mucosal/cutaneous toxicities and acute pulmonary edema and grade ≥3 lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia related to the conditioning treatment were observed. Of 17 evaluable patients, 1 achieved complete response and 10 achieved stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 4 months (range, 2.5-22 months) from the first cycle of treatment. Analysis of data indicated that the enrichment of central memory T cells (Tcm) in the infused CART-EGFR cells improved the clinical outcome.Conclusions: The CART-EGFR cell immunotherapy was a safe and active strategy for EGFR-positive advanced BTCs. The enrichment of Tcm in the infused CART-EGFR cells could predict clinical response. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1277-86. ©2017 AACRSee related commentary by Kalos, p. 1246.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Immunology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichao Feng
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Molecular and Immunology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanren Dai
- Department of Molecular and Immunology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingming Yang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Immunology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hejin Jia
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Molecular and Immunology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Zhang WY, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang CM, Yang QM, Zhu HL, Han WD. Long-term safety and efficacy of CART-20 cells in patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: 5-years follow-up results of the phase I and IIa trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17054. [PMID: 29263931 PMCID: PMC5661643 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Zhang
- Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Meng Wang
- Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Ming Yang
- Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Li Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Han
- Biotherapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Abramowski-Mock U, Delhove JM, Qasim W. Gene Modified T Cell Therapies for Hematological Malignancies. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:913-926. [PMID: 28895856 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on clinical applications of T cells transduced to express recombinant T cell receptor and chimeric antigen receptor constructs directed toward hematological malignancies, and considers newer strategies incorporating gene-editing technologies to address GvHD and host-mediated rejection. Recent data from clinical trials are reviewed, and an overview is provided of current and emerging manufacturing processes; consideration is also given to new developments in the pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Abramowski-Mock
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Unit, University college London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Juliette M Delhove
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Unit, University college London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Waseem Qasim
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Unit, University college London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells for B Cell Neoplasms: Choose the Right CAR for You. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2017; 11:368-84. [PMID: 27475429 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-016-0336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic redirection of T lymphocytes allows us to unleash these potent cellular immune effectors against cancer. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are the best-in-class example that genetic engineering of T cells can lead to deep and durable responses, as has been shown in several clinical trials for CD19+ B cell malignancies. As a consequence, in the last few years, several academic institutions and commercial partners have started developing anti-CD19 CAR T cell products. Although most of these T cell products are highly effective in vivo, basic differences among them can generate different performance characteristics and thereby impact their long-term clinical outcome. Several strategies are being implemented in order to solve the current open issues of CART19 therapy: (i) increasing efficacy against indolent B cell leukemias and lymphomas, (ii) avoiding or preventing antigen-loss relapses, (iii) reducing and managing toxicity, and (iv) bringing this CART therapy to routine clinical practice. The field of CART therapies is thriving, and exciting new avenues are opening for both scientists and patients.
Collapse
|
111
|
Gene therapy research in Asia. Gene Ther 2017; 24:572-577. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
112
|
Riaz IB, Zahid U, Kamal MU, Husnain M, McBride A, Hua A, Hamadani AA, George L, Zeeshan A, Sipra QUAR, Raina A, Rahman B, Puvvada S, Anwer F. Anti-CD 19 and anti-CD 20 CAR-modified T cells for B-cell malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:979-993. [PMID: 28971751 PMCID: PMC6040074 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells targeting CD19 and CD20 have shown activity in Phase I, II trials of patients with hematological malignancies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published clinical trials studying the role of efficacy as well as safety of CD-19 and CD-20 chimeric antigen receptor-T therapy for B-cell hematologic malignancies. A total of 16 studies with 195 patients were identified. The pooled analysis showed an overall response rate of 61% (118/195) with complete response of 42% (81/195) and partial response of 19% (37/195). Major adverse events were cytokine release syndrome 33%, neurotoxicity 33% and B-cell aplasia 54%. Collectively, the results indicate encouraging response in relapsed/refractory B lymphoma and leukemia, especially in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irbaz Bin Riaz
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Umar Zahid
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Muhammad Umar Kamal
- Department of Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY 10457 USA
| | - Muhammad Husnain
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Ali McBride
- University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anh Hua
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Auon Abbas Hamadani
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Laeth George
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Ali Zeeshan
- Tucson Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tucson Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, 85712, USA
| | | | - Ammad Raina
- Canyon Vista Medical Centre, Department of Medicine, Sierra Vista, AZ, 85635, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Soham Puvvada
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Faiz Anwer
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells for B-cell malignancies. Transl Res 2017; 187:59-82. [PMID: 28719798 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of T-lymphocytes modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-Ts) has produced impressive clinical responses among patients with B-cell malignancies. This has led to a rapid expansion in the number of clinical trials over the past several years. Although CD19-specific CAR-Ts are the most extensively evaluated, CAR-Ts specific for other B-cell-associated targets have also shown promise. However, despite this success, toxicities associated with CAR-T administration remain a significant concern. There continues to be substantial heterogeneity among CAR-T products, and differences in both CAR designs and CAR-T production strategies can substantially affect clinical outcomes. Ongoing clinical studies will further elucidate these differences and many other innovative approaches are being evaluated at the preclinical level. In this review, we will discuss the background and rationale for the use of CAR-Ts, provide an overview of advances in the field, and examine the application of CAR-Ts to the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including a summary of clinical trials published to date.
Collapse
|
114
|
Abstract
New therapies are needed for patients with Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphomas that are resistant to standard therapies. Indeed, unresponsiveness to standard chemotherapy and relapse after autologous stem-cell transplantation are indicators of an especially poor prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are emerging as a novel treatment modality for these patients. Clinical trial data have demonstrated the potent activity of anti-CD19 CAR T cells against multiple subtypes of B-cell lymphoma, including diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma, mantle-cell lymphoma, and marginal-zone lymphoma. Importantly, anti-CD19 CAR T cells have impressive activity against chemotherapy-refractory lymphoma, inducing durable complete remissions lasting >2 years in some patients with refractory DLBCL. CAR-T-cell therapies are, however, associated with potentially fatal toxicities, including cytokine-release syndrome and neurological toxicities. CAR T cells with novel target antigens, including CD20, CD22, and κ-light chain for B-cell lymphomas, and CD30 for Hodgkin and T-cell lymphomas, are currently being investigated in clinical trials. Centrally manufactured CAR T cells are also being tested in industry-sponsored multicentre clinical trials, and will probably soon become a standard therapy. Herein, we review the clinical efficacy and toxicity of CAR-T-cell therapies for lymphoma, and discuss their limitations and future directions with regard to toxicity management, CAR designs and CAR-T-cell phenotypes, conditioning regimens, and combination therapies.
Collapse
|
115
|
Xia AL, Wang XC, Lu YJ, Lu XJ, Sun B. Chimeric-antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy for solid tumors: challenges and opportunities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90521-90531. [PMID: 29163850 PMCID: PMC5685771 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells (CAR-T cells) have been shown to have unprecedented efficacy in B cell malignancies, most notably in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with up to a 90% complete remission rate using anti-CD19 CAR-T cells. However, CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors currently is faced with numerous challenges such as physical barriers, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the specificity and safety. The clinical results in solid tumors have been much less encouraging, with multiple cases of toxicity and a lack of therapeutic response. In this review, we will discuss the current stats and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors, and propose possibl e solutions and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Liang Xia
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jun Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, P.R. China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Phase I study of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in treating HER2-positive advanced biliary tract cancers and pancreatic cancers. Protein Cell 2017; 9:838-847. [PMID: 28710747 PMCID: PMC6160389 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This phase I clinical trial (NCT01935843) is to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and activity of chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cell (CART) immunotherapy targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in patients with advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs) and pancreatic cancers (PCs). Eligible patients with HER2-positive (>50%) BTCs and PCs were enrolled in the trial. Well cultured CART-HER2 cells were infused following the conditioning treatment composed of nab-paclitaxel (100–200 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (15–35 mg/kg). CAR transgene copy number in the peripheral blood was serially measured to monitor the expansion and persistence of CART-HER2 cells in vivo. Eleven enrolled patients received 1 to 2-cycle CART-HER2 cell infusion (median CAR+ T cell 2.1 × 106/kg). The conditioning treatment resulted in mild-to-moderate fatigue, nausea/vomiting, myalgia/arthralgia, and lymphopenia. Except one grade-3 acute febrile syndrome and one abnormal elevation of transaminase (>9 ULN), adverse events related to the infusion of CART-HER2 cells were mild-to-moderate. Post-infusion toxicities included one case of reversible severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage which occurred in a patient with gastric antrum invaded by metastasis 11 days after the CART-HER2 cell infusion, and 2 cases of grade 1–2 delayed fever, accompanied by the release of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. All patients were evaluable for assessment of clinical response, among which 1 obtained a 4.5-months partial response and 5 achieved stable disease. The median progression free survival was 4.8 months (range, 1.5–8.3 months). Finally, data from this study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of CART-HER2 immunotherapy, and showed encouraging signals of clinical activity.
Collapse
|
117
|
Current status and perspectives of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells for cancer treatment. Protein Cell 2017; 8:896-925. [PMID: 28466386 PMCID: PMC5712290 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a recombinant immunoreceptor combining an antibody-derived targeting fragment with signaling domains capable of activating cells, which endows T cells with the ability to recognize tumor-associated surface antigens independent of the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Recent early-phase clinical trials of CAR-modified T (CAR-T) cells for relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies have demonstrated promising results (that is, anti-CD19 CAR-T in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL)). Given this success, broadening the clinical experience of CAR-T cell therapy beyond hematological malignancies has been actively investigated. Here we discuss the basic design of CAR and review the clinical results from the studies of CAR-T cells in B cell leukemia and lymphoma, and several solid tumors. We additionally discuss the major challenges in the further development and strategies for increasing anti-tumor activity and safety, as well as for successful commercial translation.
Collapse
|
118
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alternative approaches to conventional drug-based cancer treatments have seen T cell therapies deployed more widely over the last decade. This is largely due to their ability to target and kill specific cell types based on receptor recognition. Introduction of recombinant T cell receptors (TCRs) using viral vectors and HLA-independent T cell therapies using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are discussed. This article reviews the tools used for genome editing, with particular emphasis on the applications of site-specific DNA nuclease mediated editing for T cell therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic engineering of T cells using TCRs and CARs with redirected antigen-targeting specificity has resulted in clinical success of several immunotherapies. In conjunction, the application of genome editing technologies has resulted in the generation of HLA-independent universal T cells for allogeneic transplantation, improved T cell sustainability through knockout of the checkpoint inhibitor, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), and has shown efficacy as an antiviral therapy through direct targeting of viral genomic sequences and entry receptors. SUMMARY The combined use of engineered antigen-targeting moieties and innovative genome editing technologies have recently shown success in a small number of clinical trials targeting HIV and hematological malignancies and are now being incorporated into existing strategies for other immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette M. K. M. Delhove
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| | - Waseem Qasim
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London (UCL), 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH UK
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Guo Y, Feng K, Wang Y, Han W. Targeting cancer stem cells by using chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells: a potential and curable approach for cancer treatment. Protein Cell 2017; 9:516-526. [PMID: 28290053 PMCID: PMC5966354 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells, have self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation abilities that play an important role in cancer initiation, maintenance, and metastasis. An accumulation of evidence indicates that CSCs can cause conventional therapy failure and cancer recurrence because of their treatment resistance and self-regeneration characteristics. Therefore, approaches that specifically and efficiently eliminate CSCs to achieve a durable clinical response are urgently needed. Currently, treatments with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CART) cells have shown successful clinical outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies, and their safety and feasibility in solid tumors was confirmed. In this review, we will discuss in detail the possibility that CART cells inhibit CSCs by specifically targeting their cell surface markers, which will ultimately improve the clinical response for patients with various types of cancer. A number of viewpoints were summarized to promote the application of CSC-targeted CART cells in clinical cancer treatment. This review covers the key aspects of CSC-targeted CART cells against cancers in accordance with the premise of the model, from bench to bedside and back to bench.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelei Guo
- Molecular & Immunological Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Kaichao Feng
- Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Molecular & Immunological Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Molecular & Immunological Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Amelioration of Inflammatory Cytokines Mix Stimulation: A Pretreatment of CD137 Signaling Study on VSMC. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1382805. [PMID: 28280290 PMCID: PMC5322447 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1382805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed little CD137 expressed in normal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and it is important to find a valid way to elevate it before studying its function. The level of CD137 was detected by RT-PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry, respectively. CD137 signaling activation was activated by agonist antibody and measured through phenotype transformation indicators and cell functions. Proteins in supernatants were detected by ELISA. The total CD137 elevates under different concentrations of CM treatment. Among these, 25 ng/ml CM treatment increases the CD137 expression mostly. However, flow cytometry demonstrates that 10 ng/ml CM elevates surface CD137 more significantly than other concentrations and reaches the peak at 36 h. At 10 ng/ml, but not 25 ng/ml CM pretreatment, the levels of phenotype related proteins such as SM-MHC, α-SMA, and calponin decrease while vimentin and NFATc1 increase, suggesting that VSMCs undergo phenotype transformation. Transwell, CCK-8 assay, and ELISA showed that the ability of VSMCs viability, migration, and IL-2 and IL-6 secretion induced by CD137 signaling was significantly enhanced by the pretreatment of 10 ng/ml CM. This research suggested that 10 ng/ml CM pretreatment is more reasonable than other concentrations when exploring CD137 function in VSMCs.
Collapse
|
121
|
Chimaeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for tumour immunotherapy. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160332. [PMID: 28053197 PMCID: PMC5270315 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimaeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, as one of the cancer immunotherapies, have heralded a new era of treating cancer. The accumulating data, especially about CAR-modified T cells against CD19 support that CAR T-cell therapy is a highly effective immune therapy for B-cell malignancies. Apart from CD19, there have been many trials of CAR T cells directed other tumour specific or associated antigens (TSAs/TAAs) in haematologic malignancies and solid tumours. This review will briefly summarize basic CAR structure, parts of reported TSAs/TAAs, results of the clinical trials of CAR T-cell therapies as well as two life-threatening side effects. Experiments in vivo or in vitro, ongoing clinical trials and the outlook for CAR T-cell therapies also be included. Our future efforts will focus on identification of more viable cancer targets and more strategies to make CAR T-cell therapy safer.
Collapse
|
122
|
Adoptive immunotherapy for hematological malignancies: Current status and new insights in chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 62:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
123
|
Pang X, Ma F, Zhang P, Zhong Y, Zhang J, Wang T, Zheng G, Hou X, Zhao J, He C, Chen ZY. Treatment of Human B-Cell Lymphomas Using Minicircle DNA Vector Expressing Anti-CD3/CD20 in a Mouse Model. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 28:216-225. [PMID: 27802782 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), capable of directing T cells to kill specific cancer cells by transiently binding the two cell types, have emerged as one class of promising cancer immunotherapies. However, their wide clinical application might be hampered by two deficiencies: high cost and inconvenience in drug administration. This study presents concept-proving data that these problems could be bypassed by using an enhanced nonviral DNA vector minicircle (MC) to produce BsAb in vivo. It was found that the anti-CD3/CD20 produced from the minicircle (MC.CD20) could effectively mediate the T-cell killing of multiple CD20-positive human B-cell lymphoma cell lines in vitro. More importantly, it was demonstrated that delivery of 5 μg of MC.CD20 to mouse liver via hydrodynamic injection resulted in both the expression of a therapeutic level of anti-CD3/CD20 throughout the 32-day experiment and effective anticancer activity in a B-cell lymphoma xenograft mouse model. The data suggest that MC encoding the BsAbs may become an attractive cancer immunotherapy modality based on its excellent features of safety, efficacy, and convenience in both preparation and use, and its affordability once the delivery technology matures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Pang
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Ma
- 2 Hornetcorn Biotechnology Company, Shenzhen, China .,3 Laboratory of Perinatal Center and Genetic Metabolism, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Peifa Zhang
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujian Zhong
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 2 Hornetcorn Biotechnology Company, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianyan Wang
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohu Hou
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengyi He
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- 1 The Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Li H. Cancer Precision Medicine in China. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 14:325-328. [PMID: 27746286 PMCID: PMC5093781 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer (Tianjin), Tianjin 300060, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Wang CM, Wu ZQ, Wang Y, Guo YL, Dai HR, Wang XH, Li X, Zhang YJ, Zhang WY, Chen MX, Zhang Y, Feng KC, Liu Y, Li SX, Yang QM, Han WD. Autologous T Cells Expressing CD30 Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Open-Label Phase I Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1156-1166. [PMID: 27582488 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma is a challenge for medical oncologists because of poor overall survival. We aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of CD30-targeting CAR T cells in patients with progressive relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.Experimental Design: Patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma received a conditioning chemotherapy followed by the CART-30 cell infusion. The level of CAR transgenes in peripheral blood and biopsied tumor tissues was measured periodically according to an assigned protocol by quantitative PCR (qPCR).Results: Eighteen patients were enrolled; most of whom had a heavy treatment history or multiple tumor lesions and received a mean of 1.56 × 107 CAR-positive T cell per kg (SD, 0.25; range, 1.1-2.1) in total during infusion. CART-30 cell infusion was tolerated, with grade ≥3 toxicities occurring only in two of 18 patients. Of 18 patients, seven achieved partial remission and six achieved stable disease. An inconsistent response of lymphoma was observed: lymph nodes presented a better response than extranodal lesions and the response of lung lesions seemed to be relatively poor. Lymphocyte recovery accompanied by an increase of circulating CAR T cells (peaking between 3 and 9 days after infusion) is a probable indictor of clinical response. Analysis of biopsied tissues by qPCR and immunohistochemistry revealed the trafficking of CAR T cells into the targeted sites and reduction of the expression of CD30 in tumors.Conclusions: CART-30 cell therapy was safe, feasible, and efficient in relapsed or refractory lymphoma and guarantees a large-scale patient recruitment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1156-66. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Meng Wang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Lei Guo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Ren Dai
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Ying Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Xia Chen
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Chao Feng
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Xia Li
- Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Ming Yang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Zhang Y, Zhang W, Dai H, Wang Y, Shi F, Wang C, Guo Y, Liu Y, Chen M, Feng K, Zhang Y, Liu C, Yang Q, Li S, Han W. An analytical biomarker for treatment of patients with recurrent B-ALL after remission induced by infusion of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:379-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
127
|
Luo C, Wei J, Han W. Spotlight on chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell research and clinical trials in China. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:349-59. [PMID: 27009301 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
T cell mediated adoptive immune response has been characterized as the key to anti-tumor immunity. Scientists around the world including in China, have been trying to harness the power of T cells against tumors for decades. Recently, the biosynthetic chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell (CAR-T) strategy was developed and exhibited encouraging clinical efficacy, especially in hematological malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor research reports began in 2009 in China according to our PubMed search results. Clinical trials have been ongoing in China since 2013 according to the trial registrations on clinicaltrials. gov.. After years of assiduous efforts, research and clinical scientists in China have made their own achievements in the CAR-T therapy field. In this review, we aim to highlight CAR-T research and clinical trials in China, to provide an informative reference for colleagues in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Luo
- Institute of Basic Medicine/Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jianshu Wei
- Institute of Basic Medicine/Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Institute of Basic Medicine/Bio-therapeutic Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Abstract
The engineered expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on the surface of T cells enables the redirection of T-cell specificity. Early clinical trials using CAR T cells for the treatment of patients with cancer showed modest results, but the impressive outcomes of several trials of CD19-targeted CAR T cells in the treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies have generated an increased enthusiasm for this approach. Important lessons have been derived from clinical trials of CD19-specific CAR T cells, and ongoing clinical trials are testing CAR designs directed at novel targets involved in haematological and solid malignancies. In this Review, we discuss these trials and present strategies that can increase the antitumour efficacy and safety of CAR T-cell therapy. Given the fast-moving nature of this field, we only discuss studies with direct translational application currently or soon-to-be tested in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
129
|
Li S, Yang Z, Shen J, Shan J, Qian C. Adoptive therapy with CAR redirected T cells for hematological malignancies. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:370-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
130
|
Treatment of CD20-directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor-modified T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an early phase IIa trial report. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1:16002. [PMID: 29263894 PMCID: PMC5661644 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma have a dismal prognosis. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-modified T cells (CART cells) that targeted CD20 were effective in a phase I clinical trial for patients with advanced B-cell lymphomas. We performed a phase IIa trial to further assess the safety and efficacy of administering autologous anti-CD20 CART (CART-20) cells to patients with refractory or relapsed CD20+ B-cell lymphoma. Eleven patients were enrolled, and seven patients underwent cytoreductive chemotherapy to debulk the tumors and deplete the lymphocytes before receiving T-cell infusions. The overall objective response rate was 9 of 11 (81.8%), with 6 complete remissions (CRs) and 3 partial remissions; no severe toxicity was observed. The median progression-free survival lasted for >6 months, and 1 patient had a 27-month continuous CR. A significant inverse correlation between the levels of the CAR gene and disease recurrence or progression was observed. Clinically, the lesions in special sites, specifically the spleen and testicle, were refractory to CART-20 treatment. Collectively, these results together with our data from phase I strongly demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of CART-20 treatment in lymphomas and suggest large-scale patient recruitment in a future study. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.org as NCT01735604.
Collapse
|
131
|
Kim MG, Kim D, Suh SK, Park Z, Choi MJ, Oh YK. Current status and regulatory perspective of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapeutics. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:437-452. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
132
|
Beavis PA, Slaney CY, Kershaw MH, Gyorki D, Neeson PJ, Darcy PK. Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment to enhance adoptive cellular therapy. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
133
|
Dai H, Wang Y, Lu X, Han W. Chimeric Antigen Receptors Modified T-Cells for Cancer Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djv439. [PMID: 26819347 PMCID: PMC4948566 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djv439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic modification and characterization of T-cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) allow functionally distinct T-cell subsets to recognize specific tumor cells. The incorporation of costimulatory molecules or cytokines can enable engineered T-cells to eliminate tumor cells. CARs are generated by fusing the antigen-binding region of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) or other ligand to membrane-spanning and intracellular-signaling domains. They have recently shown clinical benefit in patients treated with CD19-directed autologous T-cells. Recent successes suggest that the modification of T-cells with CARs could be a powerful approach for developing safe and effective cancer therapeutics. Here, we briefly review early studies, consider strategies to improve the therapeutic potential and safety, and discuss the challenges and future prospects for CAR T-cells in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanren Dai
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Immunology (HD, YW, WH) and Department of Molecular Biology (WH), Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Department of Bio-therapeutic (HD, YW, WH), and Department of Hematology (XL), Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Immunology (HD, YW, WH) and Department of Molecular Biology (WH), Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Department of Bio-therapeutic (HD, YW, WH), and Department of Hematology (XL), Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechun Lu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Immunology (HD, YW, WH) and Department of Molecular Biology (WH), Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Department of Bio-therapeutic (HD, YW, WH), and Department of Hematology (XL), Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Immunology (HD, YW, WH) and Department of Molecular Biology (WH), Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Department of Bio-therapeutic (HD, YW, WH), and Department of Hematology (XL), Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Camicia R, Winkler HC, Hassa PO. Novel drug targets for personalized precision medicine in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a comprehensive review. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:207. [PMID: 26654227 PMCID: PMC4676894 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy and the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, with one of the highest mortality rates in most developed areas of the world. More than half of DLBLC patients can be cured with standard R-CHOP regimens, however approximately 30 to 40 % of patients will develop relapsed/refractory disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to the limited therapeutic options.Recent advances in gene expression profiling have led to the identification of at least three distinct molecular subtypes of DLBCL: a germinal center B cell-like subtype, an activated B cell-like subtype, and a primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma subtype. Moreover, recent findings have not only increased our understanding of the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance but have also helped identify molecular subsets of DLBCL and rational targets for drug interventions that may allow for subtype/subset-specific molecularly targeted precision medicine and personalized combinations to both prevent and treat relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, CC-122, epratuzumab or pidilizumab used as single-agent or in combination with (rituximab-based) chemotherapy have already demonstrated promising activity in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Several novel potential drug targets have been recently identified such as the BET bromodomain protein (BRD)-4, phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS)-2, macrodomain-containing mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD)-9 (also known as PARP9), deltex-3-like E3 ubiquitin ligase (DTX3L) (also known as BBAP), NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK) and transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR).This review highlights the new insights into the molecular basis of relapsed/refractory DLBCL and summarizes the most promising drug targets and experimental treatments for relapsed/refractory DLBCL, including the use of novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, pidilizumab, epratuzumab, brentuximab-vedotin or CAR T cells, dual inhibitors, as well as mechanism-based combinatorial experimental therapies. We also provide a comprehensive and updated list of current drugs, drug targets and preclinical and clinical experimental studies in DLBCL. A special focus is given on STAT1, ARTD9, DTX3L and ARTD8 (also known as PARP14) as novel potential drug targets in distinct molecular subsets of DLBCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Camicia
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Nuffield Division of Clinical, Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,MRC-UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Hans C Winkler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul O Hassa
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Genetically engineered lymphocytes and adoptive cell therapy: cancer immunotherapy's smart bombs. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:63. [PMID: 25753044 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
136
|
Erker C, Harker-Murray P, Burke MJ. Emerging immunotherapy in pediatric lymphoma. Future Oncol 2015; 12:257-70. [PMID: 26616565 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma collectively are the third most common cancer diagnosed in children each year. For children who relapse or have refractory disease, outcomes remain poor. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a novel approach to treat hematologic malignancies. The field has been rapidly expanding over the past few years broadening its armamentarium which now includes monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and cellular therapies including bispecific T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells. Many of these agents are in their infancy stages and only beginning to make their mark on lymphoma treatment while others have begun to show promising efficacy in relapsed disease. In this review, the authors provide an overview of current and emerging immunotherapies in the field of pediatric lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Erker
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Paul Harker-Murray
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael J Burke
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Whilding LM, Maher J. CAR T-cell immunotherapy: The path from the by-road to the freeway? Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1994-2018. [PMID: 26563646 PMCID: PMC5528729 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors are genetically encoded artificial fusion molecules that can re-program the specificity of peripheral blood polyclonal T-cells against a selected cell surface target. Unparallelled clinical efficacy has recently been demonstrated using this approach to treat patients with refractory B-cell malignancy. However, the approach is technically challenging and can elicit severe toxicity in patients. Moreover, solid tumours have largely proven refractory to this approach. In this review, we describe the important structural features of CARs and how this may influence function. Emerging clinical experience is summarized in both solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Finally, we consider the particular challenges imposed by solid tumours to the successful development of CAR T-cell immunotherapy, together with a number of innovative strategies that have been developed in an effort to reverse the balance in favour of therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey M Whilding
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - John Maher
- King's College London, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Department of Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Immunology, Barnet Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Barnet, Hertfordshire, EN5 3DJ, UK; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Dai H, Zhang W, Li X, Han Q, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Shi F, Zhang Y, Chen M, Feng K, Wang Q, Zhu H, Fu X, Li S, Han W. Tolerance and efficacy of autologous or donor-derived T cells expressing CD19 chimeric antigen receptors in adult B-ALL with extramedullary leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1027469. [PMID: 26451310 PMCID: PMC4590028 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1027469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The engineering of T lymphocytes to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) aims to establish T cell-mediated tumor immunity rapidly. In this study, we conducted a pilot clinical trial of autologous or donor- derived T cells genetically modified to express a CAR targeting the B-cell antigen CD19 harboring 4-1BB and the CD3ζ moiety. All enrolled patients had relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory B-cell lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL). Of the nine patients, six had definite extramedullary involvement, and the rate of overall survival at 18 weeks was 56%. One of the two patients who received conditioning chemotherapy achieved a three-month durable complete response with partial regression of extramedullary lesions. Four of seven patients who did not receive conditioning chemotherapy achieved dramatic regression or a mixed response in the haematopoietic system and extramedullary tissues for two to nine months. Grade 2-3 graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was observed in two patients who received substantial donor-derived anti-CD19 CART (chimeric antigen receptor-modified T) cells 3-4 weeks after cell infusions. These results show for the first time that donor-derived anti-CD19 CART cells can cause GVHD and regression of extramedullary B-ALL. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01864889.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanren Dai
- Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medicine; School of Life Sciences; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine; School of Life Sciences; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Qingwang Han
- Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medicine; School of Life Sciences; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Yelei Guo
- Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medicine; School of Life Sciences; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medicine; School of Life Sciences; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Shi
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Kaichao Feng
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Quanshun Wang
- Department of Hematology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Department of Hematology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Li
- Department of Hematology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Immunology; Institute of Basic Medicine; School of Life Sciences; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
- Department of Bio-therapeutic; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular Biology; Institute of Basic Medicine; School of Life Sciences; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Villasboas JC, Ansell SM. Therapeutic targets and investigated strategies for treating B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1062753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
140
|
Aranda F, Buqué A, Bloy N, Castoldi F, Eggermont A, Cremer I, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Adoptive cell transfer for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1046673. [PMID: 26451319 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1046673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One particular paradigm of anticancer immunotherapy relies on the administration of (potentially) tumor-reactive immune effector cells. Generally, these cells are obtained from autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) ex vivo (in the context of appropriate expansion, activation and targeting protocols), and re-infused into lymphodepleted patients along with immunostimulatory agents. In spite of the consistent progress achieved throughout the past two decades in this field, no adoptive cell transfer (ACT)-based immunotherapeutic regimen is currently approved by regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Nonetheless, the interest of oncologists in ACT-based immunotherapy continues to increase. Accumulating clinical evidence indicates indeed that specific paradigms of ACT, such as the infusion of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing autologous T cells, are associated with elevated rates of durable responses in patients affected by various neoplasms. In line with this notion, clinical trials investigating the safety and therapeutic activity of ACT in cancer patients are being initiated at an ever increasing pace. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical advances in the development of ACT-based immunotherapy for oncological indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune Receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Faculté de Medicine; Université Paris Sud/Paris XI ; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 13; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Dept. of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio a.c. ; Prague, Czech Republic ; Dept. of Immunology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Charles University ; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France ; INSERM; U970 ; Paris, France ; Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC) ; Paris, France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP); AP-HP ; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1015; CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM; U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V , Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|