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Khaniya A, Rad SMAH, Halpin J, Tawinwung S, McLellan A, Suppipat K, Hirankarn N. Development of a compact bidirectional promoter-driven dual chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct targeting CD19 and CD20 in the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008555. [PMID: 38677881 PMCID: PMC11057265 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bidirectional promoter-driven chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cassette provides the simultaneous expression of two CARs, which significantly enhances dual antigen-targeted CAR T-cell therapy. METHODS We developed a second-generation CAR directing CD19 and CD20 antigens, incorporating them in a head-to-head orientation from a bidirectional promoter using a single Sleeping Beauty transposon system. The efficacy of bidirectional promoter-driven dual CD19 and CD20 CAR T cells was determined in vitro against cell lines expressing either, or both, CD19 and CD20 antigens. In vivo antitumor activity was tested in Raji lymphoma-bearing immunodeficient NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull (NSG) mice. RESULTS Of all tested promoters, the bidirectional EF-1α promoter optimally expressed transcripts from both sense (CD19-CAR) and antisense (GFP.CD20-CAR) directions. Superior cytotoxicity, cytokine production and antigen-specific activation were observed in vitro in the bidirectional EF-1α promoter-driven CD19/CD20 CAR T cells. In contrast, a unidirectional construct driven by the EF-1α promoter, but using self-cleaving peptide-linked CD19 and CD20 CARs, showed inferior expression and in vitro function. Treatment of mice bearing advanced Raji lymphomas with bidirectional EF-1α promoter-driven CD19/CD20 CAR T cells effectively controlled tumor growth and extended the survival of mice compared with group treated with single antigen targeted CAR T cells. CONCLUSION The use of bidirectional promoters in a single vector offers advantages of size and robust CAR expression with the potential to expand use in other forms of gene therapies like CAR T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Humans
- Animals
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Mice
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- DNA Transposable Elements
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Mice, SCID
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Khaniya
- Medical Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Josh Halpin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Supannikar Tawinwung
- Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alexander McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Koramit Suppipat
- Cellular Immunotherapy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Gambles MT, Sborov D, Shami P, Yang J, Kopeček J. Obinutuzumab-Based Drug-Free Macromolecular Therapeutics Synergizes with Topoisomerase Inhibitors. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300375. [PMID: 37838941 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics (DFMT) utilizes modified monoclonal antibodies (or antibody fragments) to generate antigen-crosslinking-induced apoptosis in target cells. DFMT is a two-component system containing a morpholino oligonucleotide (MORF1) modified antibody (Ab-MORF1) and human serum albumin conjugated with multiple copies of complementary morpholino oligonucleotide (MORF2), (HSA-(MORF2)x ). The two components recognize each other via the Watson-Crick base pairing complementation of their respective MORFs. One HSA-(MORF2)x molecule can hybridize with multiple Ab-MORF1 molecules on the cell surface, thus serving as the therapeutic crosslink-inducing mechanism of action. Herein, various anti-neoplastic agents in combination with the anti-CD20 Obinutuzumab (OBN)-based DFMT system are examined. Three different classes of chemotherapies are examined: DNA alkylating agents; proliferation pathway inhibitors; and DNA replication inhibitors. Chou-Talalay combination index mathematics is utilized to determine which drugs engaged synergistically with OBN-based DFMT. It is determined that OBN-based DFMT synergizes with topoisomerase inhibitors and DNA nucleotide analogs but is antagonistic with proliferation pathway inhibitors. Cell mechanism experiments are performed to analyze points of synergism or antagonism by investigating Ca2+ influx, mitochondrial health, lysosomal stability, and cell cycle arrest. Finally, the synergistic drug combinatorial effects of OBN-based DFMT with etoposide in vivo are demonstrated using a human xenograft non-Hodgkin's lymphoma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tommy Gambles
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Douglas Sborov
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Paul Shami
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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3
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Wang Y, Weng S, Tang Y, Lin S, Liu X, Zhang W, Liu G, Pandi B, Wu Y, Ma L, Wang L. A transmembrane scaffold from CD20 helps recombinant expression of a chimeric claudin 18.2 in an in vitro coupled transcription and translation system. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 215:106392. [PMID: 37952787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) is a nonglycosylated, multispanning transmembrane protein specifically integrated by B lymphocytes. Similar to CD20, another four-pass transmembrane protein, claudin 18.2, has attracted attention as an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. However, their poor solubility and toxic nature often hinder downstream applications, such as antibody drug development. Therefore, developing a cost-effective method for producing drug targets with multiple membrane-spanning domains is crucial. In this study, a high yield of recombinant CD20 was achieved through an E. coli-based in vitro coupled transcription-translation system. Surface plasmon resonance results showed that rituximab (an antileukemia drug) has nanomolar affinity with the CD20 protein, which aligns with published results. Notably, a previously hard-to-express claudin 18.2 recombinant protein was successfully expressed in the same reaction system by replacing its membrane-spanning domains with the transmembrane domains of CD20. The folding of the extracellular domain of the chimeric protein was verified using a commercial anti-claudin 18 antibody. This study provides a novel concept for promoting the expression of four-pass transmembrane proteins and lays the foundation for the large-scale industrial production of membrane-associated drug targets, similar to claudin 18.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Shaoting Weng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yajie Tang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Anyang Kindstar Global Medical Laboratory Ltd, Anyang, Henan province, 455000, China
| | - Xiayue Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Henan Panran Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, Anyang, Henan province, 455000, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boomi Pandi
- Department of bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Yinrong Wu
- Henan Panran Medical Equipment Co., Ltd, Anyang, Henan province, 455000, China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, China.
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4
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Schuster SJ, Huw LY, Bolen CR, Maximov V, Polson AG, Hatzi K, Lasater EA, Assouline SE, Bartlett NL, Budde LE, Matasar MJ, Koeppen H, Piccione EC, Wilson D, Wei MC, Yin S, Penuel E. Loss of CD20 expression as a mechanism of resistance to mosunetuzumab in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2024; 143:822-832. [PMID: 38048694 PMCID: PMC10934296 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT CD20 is an established therapeutic target in B-cell malignancies. The CD20 × CD3 bispecific antibody mosunetuzumab has significant efficacy in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Because target antigen loss is a recognized mechanism of resistance, we evaluated CD20 expression relative to clinical response in patients with relapsed and/or refractory NHL in the phase 1/2 GO29781 trial investigating mosunetuzumab monotherapy. CD20 was studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing performed centrally in biopsy specimens collected before treatment at predose, during treatment, or upon progression. Before treatment, most patients exhibited a high proportion of tumor cells expressing CD20; however, in 16 of 293 patients (5.5%) the proportion was <10%. Analyses of paired biopsy specimens from patients on treatment revealed that CD20 levels were maintained in 29 of 30 patients (97%) vs at progression, where CD20 loss was observed in 11 of 32 patients (34%). Reduced transcription or acquisition of truncating mutations explained most but not all cases of CD20 loss. In vitro modeling confirmed the effects of CD20 variants identified in clinical samples on reduction of CD20 expression and missense mutations in the extracellular domain that could block mosunetuzumab binding. This study expands the knowledge about the occurrence of target antigen loss after anti-CD20 therapeutics to include CD20-targeting bispecific antibodies and elucidates mechanisms of reduced CD20 expression at disease progression that may be generalizable to other anti-CD20 targeting agents. These results also confirm the utility of readily available IHC staining for CD20 as a tool to inform clinical decisions. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT02500407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Schuster
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy L. Bartlett
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shen Yin
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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5
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Ang Z, Paruzzo L, Hayer KE, Schmidt C, Torres Diz M, Xu F, Zankharia U, Zhang Y, Soldan S, Zheng S, Falkenstein CD, Loftus JP, Yang SY, Asnani M, King Sainos P, Pillai V, Chong E, Li MM, Tasian SK, Barash Y, Lieberman PM, Ruella M, Schuster SJ, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Alternative splicing of its 5'-UTR limits CD20 mRNA translation and enables resistance to CD20-directed immunotherapies. Blood 2023; 142:1724-1739. [PMID: 37683180 PMCID: PMC10667349 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant skipping of coding exons in CD19 and CD22 compromises the response to immunotherapy in B-cell malignancies. Here, we showed that the MS4A1 gene encoding human CD20 also produces several messenger RNA (mRNA) isoforms with distinct 5' untranslated regions. Four variants (V1-4) were detected using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at distinct stages of normal B-cell differentiation and B-lymphoid malignancies, with V1 and V3 being the most abundant. During B-cell activation and Epstein-Barr virus infection, redirection of splicing from V1 to V3 coincided with increased CD20 positivity. Similarly, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, only V3, but not V1, correlated with CD20 protein levels, suggesting that V1 might be translation-deficient. Indeed, the longer V1 isoform contained upstream open reading frames and a stem-loop structure, which cooperatively inhibited polysome recruitment. By modulating CD20 isoforms with splice-switching morpholino oligomers, we enhanced CD20 expression and anti-CD20 antibody rituximab-mediated cytotoxicity in a panel of B-cell lines. Furthermore, reconstitution of CD20-knockout cells with V3 mRNA led to the recovery of CD20 positivity, whereas V1-reconstituted cells had undetectable levels of CD20 protein. Surprisingly, in vitro CD20-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells were able to kill both V3- and V1-expressing cells, but the bispecific T-cell engager mosunetuzumab was only effective against V3-expressing cells. To determine whether CD20 splicing is involved in immunotherapy resistance, we performed RNA-seq on 4 postmosunetuzumab follicular lymphoma relapses and discovered that in 2 of them, the downregulation of CD20 was accompanied by a V3-to-V1 shift. Thus, splicing-mediated mechanisms of epitope loss extend to CD20-directed immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Ang
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luca Paruzzo
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katharina E. Hayer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carolin Schmidt
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Manuel Torres Diz
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Feng Xu
- Division of Genomic Diagnostic, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Urvi Zankharia
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Samantha Soldan
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Joseph P. Loftus
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scarlett Y. Yang
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mukta Asnani
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Vinodh Pillai
- Division of Hematopathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emeline Chong
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marilyn M. Li
- Division of Genomic Diagnostic, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematopathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah K. Tasian
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul M. Lieberman
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen J. Schuster
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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6
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Mohammadkhani N, Rahimpour A, Hoseinpoor R, Rajabibazl M. Development of Stable CHO-K1 Cell Lines Overexpressing Full-Length Human CD20 Antigen. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:269-79. [PMID: 37873643 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background CD20 is a differentiation-related antigen exclusively expressed on the membrane of B lymphocytes. CD20 amplification is observed in numerous immune-related disorders, making it an ideal target for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. MAb-based therapies targeting CD20 have a principal role in the treatment of several immune-related disordes and cancers, including CLL. Fc gamma receptors mediate CD20 internalization in hematopoietic cells; therefore, this study aimed to establish non-hematopoietic stable cell lines overexpressing full-length human CD20 antigen as an in vitro model for CD20-related studies. Methods CD20 gene was cloned into the transfer vector. The lentivirus system was transfected to packaging HEK 293T cells, and the supernatants were harvested. CHO-K1 cells were transduced using recombinant viruses, and a stable cell pool was developed by the antibiotic selection. CD20 expression was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Results Simultaneous expression of GFP protein facilitated the detection of CD20-expressing cells. Immunophenotyping analysis of stable clones demonstrated expression of CD20 antigen. In addition, the mean fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in the CD20-CHO-K1 clones than the wild-type CHO-K1 cells. Conclusion This study is the first report on using second-generation lentiviral vectors for the establishment of a non-hematopoietic cell-based system, which stably expresses full-length human CD20 antigen. Results of stable CHO cell lines with different levels of CD20 antigen are well suited to be used for CD20-based investigations, including binding and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Hoseinpoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Mohammadkhani N, Rahimpour A, Hoseinpoor R, Rajabibazl M. Development of Stable CHO-K1 Cell Lines Overexpressing Full-Length Human CD20 Antigen. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:269-79. [PMID: 37873643 PMCID: PMC10707815 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.27.5.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background CD20 is a differentiation-related antigen exclusively expressed on the membrane of B lymphocytes. CD20 amplification is observed in numerous immune-related disorders, making it an ideal target for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. MAb-based therapies targeting CD20 have a principal role in the treatment of several immune-related disordes and cancers, including CLL. Fc gamma receptors mediate CD20 internalization in hematopoietic cells; therefore, this study aimed to establish non-hematopoietic stable cell lines overexpressing full-length human CD20 antigen as an in vitro model for CD20-related studies. Methods CD20 gene was cloned into the transfer vector. The lentivirus system was transfected to packaging HEK 293T cells, and the supernatants were harvested. CHO-K1 cells were transduced using recombinant viruses, and a stable cell pool was developed by the antibiotic selection. CD20 expression was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Results Simultaneous expression of GFP protein facilitated the detection of CD20-expressing cells. Immunophenotyping analysis of stable clones demonstrated expression of CD20 antigen. In addition, the mean fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in the CD20-CHO-K1 clones than the wild-type CHO-K1 cells. Conclusion This study is the first report on using second-generation lentiviral vectors for the establishment of a non-hematopoietic cell-based system, which stably expresses full-length human CD20 antigen. Results of stable CHO cell lines with different levels of CD20 antigen are well suited to be used for CD20-based investigations, including binding and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Hoseinpoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Kohn M, Delord M, Chbat M, Guemriche A, Merabet F, Roupie AL, Lombion N, Farhat H, Longval T, Cabannes-Hamy A, Lambert J, Marque-Juillet S, Raggueneau V, Osman J, Spentchian M, Rigaudeau S, Rousselot P, Besson C. A third anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA dose does not overcome the pejorative impact of anti-CD20 therapy and/or low immunoglobulin levels in patients with lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2022; 107:1454-1459. [PMID: 34788987 PMCID: PMC9152953 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.280026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- COVID-19
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma/drug therapy
- RNA, Messenger
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kohn
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Marc Delord
- DRCI, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Maureen Chbat
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Amina Guemriche
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Fatiha Merabet
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Anne-Laure Roupie
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | | | - Hassan Farhat
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Thomas Longval
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Aurélie Cabannes-Hamy
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Juliette Lambert
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | | | | | - Jennifer Osman
- Service de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Marc Spentchian
- Service de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Sophie Rigaudeau
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Philippe Rousselot
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150
| | - Caroline Besson
- Service d'Hématologie Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, 78150, France; UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, 94805, Villejuif.
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9
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Kozlova V, Ledererova A, Ladungova A, Peschelova H, Janovska P, Slusarczyk A, Domagala J, Kopcil P, Vakulova V, Oppelt J, Bryja V, Doubek M, Mayer J, Pospisilova S, Smida M. CD20 is dispensable for B-cell receptor signaling but is required for proper actin polymerization, adhesion and migration of malignant B cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229170. [PMID: 32210425 PMCID: PMC7094844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface protein CD20 serves as the critical target of immunotherapy in various B-cell malignancies for decades, however its biological function and regulation remain largely elusive. Better understanding of CD20 function may help to design improved rational therapies to prevent development of resistance. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we have abrogated CD20 expression in five different malignant B-cell lines. We show that CD20 deletion has no effect upon B-cell receptor signaling or calcium flux. Also B-cell survival and proliferation is unaffected in the absence of CD20. On the contrary, we found a strong defect in actin cytoskeleton polymerization and, consequently, defective cell adhesion and migration in response to homeostatic chemokines SDF1α, CCL19 and CCL21. Mechanistically, we could identify a reduction in chemokine-triggered PYK2 activation, a calcium-activated signaling protein involved in activation of MAP kinases and cytoskeleton regulation. These cellular defects in consequence result in a severely disturbed homing of B cells in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Leukemia, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Polymerization
- Protein Multimerization/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Ledererova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Ladungova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Peschelova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Janovska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Joanna Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pavel Kopcil
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Vakulova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Smida
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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10
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Boldison J, Da Rosa LC, Buckingham L, Davies J, Wen L, Wong FS. Phenotypically distinct anti-insulin B cells repopulate pancreatic islets after anti-CD20 treatment in NOD mice. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2052-2065. [PMID: 31444529 PMCID: PMC6805803 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Autoreactive B cells escape immune tolerance and contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. While global B cell depletion is a successful therapy for autoimmune disease, the fate of autoreactive cells during this treatment in autoimmune diabetes is unknown. We aimed to identify and track anti-insulin B cells in pancreatic islets and understand their repopulation after anti-CD20 treatment. METHODS We generated a double transgenic system, the VH125.hCD20/NOD mouse. The VH125 transgenic mouse, expressing an increased frequency of anti-insulin B cells, was crossed with a human CD20 (hCD20) transgenic mouse, to facilitate B cell depletion using anti-CD20. B cells were analysed using multiparameter and ImageStream flow cytometry. RESULTS We demonstrated that anti-insulin B cells were recruited to the pancreas during disease progression in VH125.hCD20/NOD mice. We identified two distinct populations of anti-insulin B cells in pancreatic islets, based on CD19 expression, with both populations enriched in the CD138int fraction. Anti-insulin B cells were not identified in the plasma-cell CD138hi fraction, which also expressed the transcription factor Blimp-1. After anti-CD20 treatment, anti-insulin B cells repopulated the pancreatic islets earlier than non-specific B cells. Importantly, we observed that a CD138intinsulin+CD19- population was particularly enriched after B cell depletion, possibly contributing to the persistence of disease still observed in some mice after anti-CD20 treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our observations may indicate why the loss of C-peptide is only temporarily delayed following anti-CD20 treatment in human type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Boldison
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Larissa C Da Rosa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lucy Buckingham
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Joanne Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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11
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Favoino E, Prete M, Catacchio G, Conteduca G, Perosa F. CD20-Mimotope Peptides: A Model to Define the Molecular Basis of Epitope Spreading. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081920. [PMID: 31003532 PMCID: PMC6515264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-mimicking peptide (mimotope)-based vaccines are one of the most promising forms of active-immunotherapy. The main drawback of this approach is that it induces antibodies that react poorly with the nominal antigen. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis underlying the weak antibody response induced against the naïve protein after peptide vaccination. For this purpose, we analyzed the fine specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) elicited with a 13-mer linear peptide, complementary to theantigen-combining site of the anti-CD20 mAb, Rituximab, in BALB/c mice. Anti-peptide mAb competed with Rituximab for peptide binding. Even so, they recognized a different antigenic motif from the one recognized by Rituximab. This explains their lack of reactivity with membrane (naïve) CD20. These data indicate that even on a short peptide the immunogenic and antigenic motifs may be different. These findings highlight an additional mechanism for epitope spreading and should be taken into account when designing peptides for vaccine purposes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Peptide Library
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/immunology
- Rituximab/genetics
- Rituximab/immunology
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Favoino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatologic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marcella Prete
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatologic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Catacchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatologic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Conteduca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatologic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Federico Perosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatologic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy.
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12
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Lonoce C, Marusic C, Morrocchi E, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, Novelli F, Pioli C, Feeney M, Frigerio L, Donini M. Enhancing the Secretion of a Glyco-Engineered Anti-CD20 scFv-Fc Antibody in Hairy Root Cultures. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800081. [PMID: 29975457 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hairy root (HR) cultures represent an attractive platform for the production of heterologous proteins, due to the possibility of secreting the molecule of interest in the culture medium. The main limitation is the low accumulation yields of heterologous proteins. The aim of this study is to enhance the accumulation of a tumor-targeting antibody with a human-compatible glycosylation profile in HR culture medium. To this aim, the authors produce Nicotiana benthamiana HR cultures expressing the red fluorescent protein (RFP) to easily screen for different auxins able to induce heterologous protein secretion in the medium. The hormone 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is found to induce high accumulation levels (334 mg L-1 ) of RFP in the culture medium. The same protocol is used to improve the secretion of the tumor-targeting, CD20-specific 2B8-FcΔXF recombinant antibody from glyco-engineered ΔXTFT N. benthamiana HR cultures. The addition of 2,4-D determine a 28-fold increase of the accumulation of fully functional 2B8-FcΔXF in the culture medium, at levels of ≈16 mg L-1 . Antibody N-glycosylation profiling reveal the prominent occurrence of GnGn structures and low levels of xylose- and fucose-containing counterparts. This result is the first example of the expression of an engineered anti-CD20 antibody with a scFv-Fc format at high levels in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lonoce
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Marusic
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Morrocchi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Flavia Novelli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mistianne Feeney
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Lorenzo Frigerio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Marcello Donini
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
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13
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Chang YT, Mori E, Suzuki M, Ikeda M, Huang CW, Lee JJ, Chang WN, Chang CC. APOE-MS4A genetic interactions are associated with executive dysfunction and network abnormality in clinically mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 21:101621. [PMID: 30528368 PMCID: PMC6411654 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH Although single nucleotide polymorphisms of membrane-spanning 4A (MS4A) (rs670139) and several other susceptibility genes have shown interaction effects on the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known about the interaction effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) with MS4A (rs670139) on cognitive performances, and the underlying pathogenesis is unclear. The study aimed to investigate the APOE-MS4A (rs670139) interaction effects on cognitive performances, cortical volumes, and functional connectivity (FC) in brain networks. PRINCIPAL RESULTS Cognitive performances were characterized in each genotypic group, and were compared between normal controls and patients in each genotypic group. APOE-MS4A interaction effects on memory and executive function scores, cortical volumes, and FC in brain networks were demonstrated. Significant effects of APOE-MS4A interactions on FC were observed in executive control network (ECN) (T maxima = 4.99, false discovery rate-corrected p < .001), the calculation score (F3, 87 = 6.218; p = .015), and the volume in prefrontal (F3, 87 = 4.374; p = .039) and orbitofrontal cortices (F3, 87 = 6.022; p = .016). The calculation score was correlated with each frontal volume (cc) (ρ = 0.304; p = .004) and genetic interaction-associated FC in ECN (ρ = 0.282; p = .008). Variations in genotypes affected the relationship between the calculation score and each frontal volume (cc). MAJOR CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the genetic interaction effects on FC in ECN might contribute to pathogenic mechanisms underlying the interaction effects of APOE-MS4A on calculation ability in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Mori
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maki Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chi-Wei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Neng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Chih Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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14
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Zou Y, Luo W, Guo J, Luo Q, Deng M, Lu Z, Fang Y, Zhang CC. NK cell-mediated anti-leukemia cytotoxicity is enhanced using a NKG2D ligand MICA and anti-CD20 scfv chimeric protein. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1750-1763. [PMID: 30063799 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are important innate cytotoxic lymphocytes that have potential in treatment of leukemia. Engagement of NKG2D receptor on NK cells enhances the target cytotoxicity. Here, we produced a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the NKG2D ligand MICA and the anti-CD20 single-chain variable fragment (scfv). This recombinant protein is capable of binding both NK cells and CD20+ tumor cells. Using a human NKG2D reporter cell system we developed, we showed that this fusion protein could decorate CD20+ tumor cells with MICA extracellular domain and activate NK through NKG2D. We further demonstrated that this protein could specifically induce the ability of a NK cell line (NKL) and primary NK cells to lyse CD20+ leukemia cells. Moreover, we found that downregulation of surface HLA class I expression in the target cells improved NKL-mediated killing. Our results demonstrated that this recombinant protein specifically lyses leukemia cells by NK cells, which may lead to development of a novel strategy for treating leukemia and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weiguang Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qizhi Luo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
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15
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Da Rosa LC, Boldison J, De Leenheer E, Davies J, Wen L, Wong FS. B cell depletion reduces T cell activation in pancreatic islets in a murine autoimmune diabetes model. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1397-1410. [PMID: 29594371 PMCID: PMC6449006 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, resulting in deficient insulin production. B cell depletion therapy has proved successful in preventing diabetes and restoring euglycaemia in animal models of diabetes, as well as in preserving beta cell function in clinical trials in the short term. We aimed to report a full characterisation of B cell kinetics post B cell depletion, with a focus on pancreatic islets. METHODS Transgenic NOD mice with a human CD20 transgene expressed on B cells were injected with an anti-CD20 depleting antibody. B cells were analysed using multivariable flow cytometry. RESULTS There was a 10 week delay in the onset of diabetes when comparing control and experimental groups, although the final difference in the diabetes incidence, following prolonged observation, was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). The co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 were reduced on stimulation of B cells during B cell depletion and repopulation. IL-10-producing regulatory B cells were not induced in repopulated B cells in the periphery, post anti-CD20 depletion. However, the early depletion of B cells had a marked effect on T cells in the local islet infiltrate. We demonstrated a lack of T cell activation, specifically with reduced CD44 expression and effector function, including IFN-γ production from both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These CD8+ T cells remained altered in the pancreatic islets long after B cell depletion and repopulation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that B cell depletion can have an impact on T cell regulation, inducing a durable effect that is present long after repopulation. We suggest that this local effect of reducing autoimmune T cell activity contributes to delay in the onset of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Da Rosa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Joanne Boldison
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- University of Sheffield, New Spring House, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joanne Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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16
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de Jong MRW, Visser L, Huls G, Diepstra A, van Vugt M, Ammatuna E, van Rijn RS, Vellenga E, van den Berg A, Fehrmann RSN, van Meerten T. Identification of relevant drugable targets in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using a genome-wide unbiased CD20 guilt-by association approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193098. [PMID: 29489886 PMCID: PMC5831110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty percent of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) show resistant disease to standard chemotherapy (CHOP) in combination with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (R). Although many new anti-cancer drugs were developed in the last years, it is unclear which of these drugs can be safely combined to improve standard therapy without antagonizing anti-CD20 efficacy. In this study, we aimed to identify rituximab compatible drug-target combinations for DLBCL. For this, we collected gene expression profiles of 1,804 DLBCL patient samples. Subsequently, we performed a guilt-by-association analysis with MS4A1 (CD20) and prioritized the 500 top-ranked CD20-associated gene probes for drug-target interactions. This analysis showed the well-known genes involved in DLBCL pathobiology, but also revealed several genes that are relatively unknown in DLBCL, such as WEE1 and PARP1. To demonstrate potential clinical relevance of these targets, we confirmed high protein expression of WEE1 and PARP1 in patient samples. Using clinically approved WEE1 and PARP1 inhibiting drugs in combination with rituximab, we demonstrated significantly improved DLBCL cell killing, also in rituximab-insensitive cell lines. In conclusion, as exemplified by WEE1 and PARP1, our CD20-based genome-wide analysis can be used as an approach to identify biological relevant drug-targets that are rituximab compatible and may be implemented in phase 1/2 clinical trials to improve DLBCL treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/genetics
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/metabolism
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Rituximab/pharmacology
- Vincristine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R. W. de Jong
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf S. N. Fehrmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ishibashi M, Yamaguchi H, Hirotani Y, Sakurada A, Endo T, Sugitani M, Takayama T, Makishima M, Esumi M. Contradictory intrahepatic immune responses activated in high-load hepatitis C virus livers compared with low-load livers. Arch Virol 2017; 163:855-865. [PMID: 29248968 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We found a HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gene, DQ alpha 1 chain (HLA-DQA1), that was expressed more than 9-fold higher in high-load hepatitis C virus (HCV) livers than low-load HCV livers using transcriptomics of chronic HCV-infected livers. To further investigate this finding, we examined which cells were positive for HLA-DQA1 and what liver immune responses were different between HCV-high and -low livers. HLA-DQA1-positive cells were significantly increased in the HCV-high group, and most positive cells were identified as non-parenchymal sinusoid cells and lymphocytic infiltrates in the portal area. Parenchymal hepatocytes were negative for HLA-DQA1. HLA-DQA1-positive cells in the liver sinusoid were positive for CD68 (macrophages or Kupffer cells); those in the lymphocytic infiltrates were positive for CD20 (B cells) or CD3 (T cells). mRNA levels of antigen-presenting cell (APC) markers such as CD68 and CD11c were significantly upregulated in the HCV-high group and were correlated with HLA-DQA mRNA levels. CD8B mRNA (CD8+ T cells) was upregulated in both HCV-positive livers compared with HCV-negative livers, whereas CD154 mRNA (CD4+ T helper cell) was upregulated in the HCV-high group compared with the HCV-low group. The immune regulatory molecules FOXP3 mRNA (regulatory T cell, T reg) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) mRNA were significantly increased in the HCV-high group. HCV-high livers had two molecular immune responses: increased APC numbers and adaptive immunity and the induction of immune tolerance. The local hepatic imbalance of contradictory immune responses might be responsible for high HCV loads.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD11c Antigen/genetics
- CD11c Antigen/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/etiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/genetics
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/immunology
- Hepacivirus/growth & development
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepacivirus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Kupffer Cells/immunology
- Kupffer Cells/virology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/virology
- Liver Neoplasms/etiology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptome/immunology
- Viral Load/genetics
- Viral Load/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ishibashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamaguchi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yukari Hirotani
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Sakurada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshihide Endo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sugitani
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadatoshi Takayama
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Mariko Esumi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
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18
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Riaz IB, Zahid U, Kamal MU, Husnain M, McBride A, Hua A, Hamadani AA, George L, Zeeshan A, Sipra QUAR, Raina A, Rahman B, Puvvada S, Anwer F. Anti-CD 19 and anti-CD 20 CAR-modified T cells for B-cell malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:979-993. [PMID: 28971751 PMCID: PMC6040074 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells targeting CD19 and CD20 have shown activity in Phase I, II trials of patients with hematological malignancies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published clinical trials studying the role of efficacy as well as safety of CD-19 and CD-20 chimeric antigen receptor-T therapy for B-cell hematologic malignancies. A total of 16 studies with 195 patients were identified. The pooled analysis showed an overall response rate of 61% (118/195) with complete response of 42% (81/195) and partial response of 19% (37/195). Major adverse events were cytokine release syndrome 33%, neurotoxicity 33% and B-cell aplasia 54%. Collectively, the results indicate encouraging response in relapsed/refractory B lymphoma and leukemia, especially in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irbaz Bin Riaz
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Umar Zahid
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Muhammad Umar Kamal
- Department of Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY 10457 USA
| | - Muhammad Husnain
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Ali McBride
- University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Anh Hua
- University of Arizona, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Auon Abbas Hamadani
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Laeth George
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Ali Zeeshan
- Tucson Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tucson Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, 85712, USA
| | | | - Ammad Raina
- Canyon Vista Medical Centre, Department of Medicine, Sierra Vista, AZ, 85635, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Soham Puvvada
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
| | - Faiz Anwer
- University of Arizona, Department of Medicine, Hematology & Oncology, Tucson, AZ, 85724 USA
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19
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Jain S, Aresu L, Comazzi S, Shi J, Worrall E, Clayton J, Humphries W, Hemmington S, Davis P, Murray E, Limeneh AA, Ball K, Ruckova E, Muller P, Vojtesek B, Fahraeus R, Argyle D, Hupp TR. The Development of a Recombinant scFv Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Canine CD20 for Use in Comparative Medicine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148366. [PMID: 26894679 PMCID: PMC4760772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are leading agents for therapeutic treatment of human diseases, but are limited in use by the paucity of clinically relevant models for validation. Sporadic canine tumours mimic the features of some human equivalents. Developing canine immunotherapeutics can be an approach for modeling human disease responses. Rituximab is a pioneering agent used to treat human hematological malignancies. Biologic mimics that target canine CD20 are just being developed by the biotechnology industry. Towards a comparative canine-human model system, we have developed a novel anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (NCD1.2) that binds both human and canine CD20. NCD1.2 has a sub-nanomolar Kd as defined by an octet red binding assay. Using FACS, NCD1.2 binds to clinically derived canine cells including B-cells in peripheral blood and in different histotypes of B-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining of canine tissues indicates that the NCD1.2 binds to membrane localized cells in Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma, Marginal Zone Lymphoma, and other canine B-cell lymphomas. We cloned the heavy and light chains of NCD1.2 from hybridomas to determine whether active scaffolds can be acquired as future biologics tools. The VH and VL genes from the hybridomas were cloned using degenerate primers and packaged as single chains (scFv) into a phage-display library. Surprisingly, we identified two scFv (scFv-3 and scFv-7) isolated from the hybridoma with bioactivity towards CD20. The two scFv had identical VH genes but different VL genes and identical CDR3s, indicating that at least two light chain mRNAs are encoded by NCD1.2 hybridoma cells. Both scFv-3 and scFv-7 were cloned into mammalian vectors for secretion in CHO cells and the antibodies were bioactive towards recombinant CD20 protein or peptide. The scFv-3 and scFv-7 were cloned into an ADEPT-CPG2 bioconjugate vector where bioactivity was retained when expressed in bacterial systems. These data identify a recombinant anti-CD20 scFv that might form a useful tool for evaluation in bioconjugate-directed anti-CD20 immunotherapies in comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Jain
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Aresu
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione (BCA) Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università di Padova 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Stefano Comazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jianguo Shi
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Worrall
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - John Clayton
- Mologic, Ltd, Bedford Technology Park, Thurleigh, Bedford, MK44 2YP, United Kingdom
| | - William Humphries
- Mologic, Ltd, Bedford Technology Park, Thurleigh, Bedford, MK44 2YP, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Hemmington
- Mologic, Ltd, Bedford Technology Park, Thurleigh, Bedford, MK44 2YP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Davis
- Mologic, Ltd, Bedford Technology Park, Thurleigh, Bedford, MK44 2YP, United Kingdom
| | - Euan Murray
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
- INSERM Unité 940, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, Paris, France
| | - Asmare A. Limeneh
- Bahit Dar University College of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Kathryn Ball
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Ruckova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Muller
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borek Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Fahraeus
- INSERM Unité 940, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, Paris, France
| | - David Argyle
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Ted R. Hupp
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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20
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Karimkhani C, McLaughlin C, Smith C. Primary Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma With Aberrant CD-20 Expression. J Drugs Dermatol 2015; 14:515-516. [PMID: 25942672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with aberrant expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 20 is an exceedingly rare manifestation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that is easily misdiagnosed as B-cell lymphoma. The significance and prognostic implications of T-cell neoplasms demonstrating the classic CD20 B-cell marker have yet to be elucidated. OBSERVATIONS We present a case of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with aberrant CD20 expression in a 97-year-old male who presented with a 2-year history of pruritic plaques and nodules covering his body. Nodule biopsy demonstrated a dense, atypical dermal T-lymphocytic infiltrate consisting of predominantly large cells exhibiting classic T-cell markers (CD4 and CD3) along with aberrant expression of the B-cell marker CD20 (expressed in late pro-B to mature B cells). CONCLUSIONS The patient was tentatively diagnosed with primary cutaneous CD30-negative large T-cell lymphoma with aberrant CD20 co-expression, pending workup to exclude systemic lymphoma with cutaneous involvement. He unfortunately passed away 4 days after the initial dermatologic presentation. RELEVANCE The prognostic implications of CD20-positive T-cell lymphoma require further exploration, along with the potential role of CD20 antibody in treatment of this rare malignancy.
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21
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Gil'deeva GN, Kudlai DA, Luk'yanov SV. [THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF RITUXIMAB]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2015; 78:51-56. [PMID: 27051930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody containing constant kappa-regions of the Fc fragment of IgGI human immunoglobulin and variable fragments of IgG murine immunoglobulin. This modified immunoglobulin structure makes rituximab capable of specifically recognizing CD20 antigen that is mainly expressed on B-lymphocytes. The review considers four main mechanisms of rituximab action leading to reduction of the population of B-lymphocytes in patients with lymphoproliferative processes. All these mechanisms are probably operative under clinical conditions, however, their relative contributions to the clinical effect of rituximab can vary and are yet not defined in full.
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22
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Singh V, Gupta D, Arora R, Tripathi RP, Almasan A, Macklis RM. Surface levels of CD20 determine anti-CD20 antibodies mediated cell death in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111113. [PMID: 25364827 PMCID: PMC4217761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sensitivity of human Burkitt's lymphoma cells to rituximab (Rtx) and tositumomab (Tst) was assessed on cells expressing different levels of CD20 on surface. Cells that harbor low CD20 levels may resists against therapeutics response to CD20-specific antibodies. We postulated that, radiation-induced modulation of CD20 surface levels may play a crucial and central role in determining the relative efficacy of rituximab and tositumomab in treating Burkitt's lymphoma disease. Here, we examined the γ-radiation-induced CD20 expression in the Burkitt lymphoma cell line ‘Daudi’ and the relation of differential levels of CD20 with anti-CD20 mAbs mediated cell death. Methodology In this study we examined kinetics of CD20 expression following sub lethal doses ofγ-radiation to Daudi cells and thereafter anti-CD20 mAbs (rituximab and tositumomab) were added in cell suspensions. The correlation of kinetics of CD20 expression and cells treated with anti-CD20 mAbs/or corresponding isotype Abs with special reference to changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species generation was also examined. Further, we also investigated the efficacy of anti-CD20 mAbs and possible induction of cell death in relation to levels of CD20 cell surface expression. Conclusion This report provides evidence that CD20 expression can be induced by exposure of cells to γ-radiation. In addition, these findings demonstrated that the efficacy of anti-CD20 mAbs is dependent on the surface levels of CD20. Based on these findings, we hypothesized (i) irradiation just prior to immunotherapy may provide new treatment options even in aggressive B cell tumors, which are resistant to current therapies in vivo (ii) The efficacy of induction of apoptosis varies with type of monoclonal antibodies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Damodar Gupta
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (DG); (RMM)
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Prashad Tripathi
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Alexandru Almasan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Roger M. Macklis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DG); (RMM)
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23
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Philip B, Kokalaki E, Mekkaoui L, Thomas S, Straathof K, Flutter B, Marin V, Marafioti T, Chakraverty R, Linch D, Quezada SA, Peggs KS, Pule M. A highly compact epitope-based marker/suicide gene for easier and safer T-cell therapy. Blood 2014; 124:1277-87. [PMID: 24970931 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-545020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A compact marker/suicide gene that utilizes established clinical-grade reagents and pharmaceuticals would be of considerable practical utility to T-cell cancer gene therapy. Marker genes enable measurement of transduction and allow selection of transduced cells, whereas suicide genes allow selective deletion of administered T cells in the face of toxicity. We have created a highly compact marker/suicide gene for T cells combining target epitopes from both CD34 and CD20 antigens (RQR8). This construct allows selection with the clinically approved CliniMACS CD34 system (Miltenyi). Further, the construct binds the widely used pharmaceutical antibody rituximab, resulting in selective deletion of transgene-expressing cells. We have tested the functionality of RQR8 in vitro and in vivo as well as in combination with T-cell engineering components. We predict that RQR8 will make T-cell gene therapy both safer and cheaper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Philip
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Evangelia Kokalaki
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Leila Mekkaoui
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simon Thomas
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karin Straathof
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Barry Flutter
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Virna Marin
- Department of Pediatrics, Centro di Ricerca Matilde Tettamanti, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - David Linch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karl S Peggs
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Martin Pule
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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24
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Kneissl S, Zhou Q, Schwenkert M, Cosset FL, Verhoeyen E, Buchholz CJ. CD19 and CD20 targeted vectors induce minimal activation of resting B lymphocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79047. [PMID: 24244415 PMCID: PMC3823979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are an important cell population of the immune system. However, until recently it was not possible to transduce resting B lymphocytes with retro- or lentiviral vectors, making them unsusceptible for genetic manipulations by these vectors. Lately, we demonstrated that lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with modified measles virus (MV) glycoproteins hemagglutinin, responsible for receptor recognition, and fusion protein were able to overcome this transduction block. They use either the natural MV receptors, CD46 and signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), for cell entry (MV-LV) or the vector particles were further modified to selectively enter via the CD20 molecule, which is exclusively expressed on B lymphocytes (CD20-LV). It has been shown previously that transduction by MV-LV does not induce B lymphocyte activation. However, if this is also true for CD20-LV is still unknown. Here, we generated a vector specific for another B lymphocyte marker, CD19, and compared its ability to transduce resting B lymphocytes with CD20-LV. The vector (CD19ds-LV) was able to stably transduce unstimulated B lymphocytes, albeit with a reduced efficiency of about 10% compared to CD20-LV, which transduced about 30% of the cells. Since CD20 as well as CD19 are closely linked to the B lymphocyte activation pathway, we investigated if engagement of CD20 or CD19 molecules by the vector particles induces activating stimuli in resting B lymphocytes. Although, activation of B lymphocytes often involves calcium influx, we did not detect elevated calcium levels. However, the activation marker CD71 was substantially up-regulated upon CD20-LV transduction and most importantly, B lymphocytes transduced with CD20-LV or CD19ds-LV entered the G1b phase of cell cycle, whereas untransduced or MV-LV transduced B lymphocytes remained in G0. Hence, CD20 and CD19 targeting vectors induce activating stimuli in resting B lymphocytes, which most likely renders them susceptible for lentiviral vector transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kneissl
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Qi Zhou
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwenkert
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - François-Loic Cosset
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR team, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon-1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR team, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon-1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM, U895, Centre de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), équipe 3, Nice, France
| | - Christian J. Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Gamper M, Viereck V, Eberhard J, Binder J, Moll C, Welter J, Moser R. Local immune response in bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis ESSIC type 3C. Int Urogynecol J 2013; 24:2049-57. [PMID: 23670165 PMCID: PMC3838592 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-013-2112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is identified based on subjective symptoms which lead to heterogeneous patient populations. Previous studies using gene expression arrays for BPS/IC with Hunner's lesions [European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC) type 3C], a subtype of the condition discernible by cystoscopy, have revealed characteristic immune responses and urothelial abnormalities. This current study aimed to further characterize this subtype using a gene expression panel. We hypothesized that B-cell activation with high levels of urinary antibody concentration would be found. METHODS Cold-cup bladder biopsies, catheterized urine and blood were collected from 15 BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C patients, 11 non-inflammatory overactive bladder (OAB) patients and eight healthy controls. Gene expression in biopsies was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry was performed on bladder tissue and urinary immunoglobulins G and A were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses included the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric data and post hoc tests identified differences between groups. RESULTS High expression of T- and B-cell markers (CTLA4, CD20, CD79A, IGH@), low expression of urothelial markers (KRT20, UPK1B, UPK3A), focal lymphoid aggregates in the submucosa and high immunoglobulin concentration in urine were found exclusively in BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C patients. Results for OAB were in intermediate ranges between the other two groups and UPK1B even reached significantly lower expression when compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C is characterized by a local adaptive immune response with elevated urinary antibody concentrations. Quantification of urinary immunoglobulin levels could be used for a non-invasive diagnosis of BPS/IC ESSIC type 3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Gamper
- IKBT, Institut für Klinische Biomedizinische Forschung Thurgau, Lauchefeld 31, 9548, Matzingen, Switzerland,
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26
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Van Hoef MEHM. Response to "CD20 positive cells are undetectable in the majority of multiple myeloma cell lines and are not associated with a cancer stem cell phenotype". Haematologica 2012;97(7):1110-4. Haematologica 2013; 98:e11. [PMID: 23277593 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.075788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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27
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Paíno T, Paiva B, San Miguel JF. Reply to “Response to “CD20 positive cells are undetectable in the majority of multiple myeloma cell lines and are not associated with a cancer stem cell phenotype”. Haematologica 2012;97(7):1110-1114. Haematologica 2013; 98:e10. [PMID: 23397607 PMCID: PMC3533679 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.077727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Paíno
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Centro de Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús F. San Miguel
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer/Centro de Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca
- Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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28
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Leonard JP. Is rituximab maintenance still standard of care in indolent non-hodgkin lymphoma? Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2012; 10:540-542. [PMID: 23073054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Management
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides/therapeutic use
- Piperidines
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Rituximab
- Standard of Care
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29
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Miyoshi H, Arakawa F, Sato K, Kimura Y, Kiyasu J, Takeuchi M, Yoshida M, Ichikawa A, Ishibashi Y, Nakamura Y, Nakashima S, Niino D, Sugita Y, Ohshima K. Comparison of CD20 expression in B-cell lymphoma between newly diagnosed, untreated cases and those after rituximab treatment. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1567-73. [PMID: 22500644 PMCID: PMC7659217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have statistically investigated reduced CD20 expression in B-cell lymphoma after rituximab therapy and genomic mutation of CD20 associated with reduction. We examined CD20-positive rate in follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunohistochemical staining (IHS), comparing 138 cases after rituximab therapy with 360 initial, not yet treated cases. Sequence analysis of exons 3 to 8 of CD20 was performed on 22 cases with low CD20-positive rate after rituximab treatment. The results showed a statistical correlation between CD20-positive rate in FCM and IHS. By FCM, the CD20-positive rate among post-rituximab cases was significantly lower than among initial cases in DLBCL, non-germinal center origin B-cell type (average values [avg] 57.8 and 87.9, respectively) (P < 0.0001), FL2 (avg, 93.9; 103.2) (P = 0.0083), and FL3A (avg, 90.6; 100.7) (P = 0.033). Stratified analyses of post-rituximab cases showed significantly lower CD20-positive rate in cases that were resistant at the start of the treatment and cases with progressive disease during rituximab therapy before biopsy. Sequence analysis showed silent mutation of exon 4 (632 C/T) in seven cases, although this number was not statistically significant. These results suggest the influence of B-lymphoma subtype and a therapeutic effect before biopsy on CD20 expression at relapse and contribute to a better therapeutic approach for relapse cases after rituximab therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, Follicular/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Rituximab
- Sequence Analysis
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.
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30
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Dawidowicz K, Dieudé P, Avouac J, Wipff J, Hachulla E, Diot E, Tiev K, Cracowski JL, Mouthon L, Amoura Z, Frances C, Carpentier P, Meyer O, Kahan A, Boileau C, Allanore Y. Association study of B-cell marker gene polymorphisms in European Caucasian patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011; 29:839-842. [PMID: 21961844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BANK1 and BLK B-cell genetic markers have been reproducibly and convincingly found to contribute to susceptibility to systemic sclerosis (SSc). OBJECTIVES To determine whether other B-cell genetic markers including CD19, CD20, CD22 and CD24 polymorphisms affect susceptibility to SSc in the European Caucasian population. METHODS A case-control study was performed in 900 patients with SSc and 1034 healthy controls. Among the whole SSc population, 304 (34%) had the diffuse cutaneous subtype, 551 (61%) had the limited cutaneous subtype, 732 (81%) were positive for antinuclear antibodies , 331 (37%) were positive for anticentromere antibodies and 228 (25%) for the topo-isomerase I. Genotyping has been performed for CD19 rs35979293, CD19 rs2904880, CD20 rs7126354, CD20 rs3802954, CD20 rs105146, CD20 rs4939364, CD22 rs10406069, CD22 rs10413500, CD22 rs10419538, CD22 rs34826052 and CD24 ins-del polymorphisms. RESULTS Genotype frequencies were at the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control population for all the SNPs investigated and observed frequencies were very similar to those expected in the European population. Allelic and genotypic frequencies for all these tested SNPs were found to be similar in SSc patients and controls. Moreover, subphenotype analyses in particular for subgroups having the diffuse cutaneous subset or topo-isomerase I positive antibodies, which are the most associated with BANK1 variants, did not detect any difference between SSc patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS These results obtained through a large cohort of European caucasian patients with SSc do not support the contribution of CD19, CD20, CD22, CD24 variants to the genetic susceptibility of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Dawidowicz
- Université Paris Diderot, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
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31
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Qian HL, Yu K, Shen ZJ, Liang B, Luo S, Xing CY, Hu YX. [Anti-cD20scFv/CD80/CD28/zeta specific T lymphocytes eradicate primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2010; 26:436-439. [PMID: 21328981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct anti-CD20scFv/CD80/CD28/zeta recombinant gene modified T cells, test its effectiveness of eradicating CD20 positive primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and provide a promising tool for tumor adoptive immunotherapy. METHODS The recombinant vectors were transduced into PA 317 cells and high titer retroviruses were obtained to infect human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Resistant T cells were obtained by G418 selection for one week. Then transduced T lymphocytes and primary CLL cells were co-cultured. The status of primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells were observed by microscope. The level of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the culture medium were measured. RESULTS Primary T cells expressing anti-CD20scFv/IgGFc/CD80/CD28/zeta could be constructed successfully. These T cells were able to lyse CD20+ targets and secrete high levels of IL-2 (1301.00 pg/ml) and IFN-gamma (602.18 pg/ml) in vitro. CONCLUSION (1) Recombinant gene modified T cells can be constructed successfully. (2) Recombinant gene modified T cells can specially kill CD20 positive primary CLL cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lan Qian
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
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32
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Xu H, Yan Y, Williams MS, Carey GB, Yang J, Li H, Zhang GX, Rostami A. MS4a4B, a CD20 homologue in T cells, inhibits T cell propagation by modulation of cell cycle. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13780. [PMID: 21072172 PMCID: PMC2967469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MS4a4B, a CD20 homologue in T cells, is a novel member of the MS4A gene family in mice. The MS4A family includes CD20, FcεRIβ, HTm4 and at least 26 novel members that are characterized by their structural features: with four membrane-spanning domains, two extracellular domains and two cytoplasmic regions. CD20, FcεRIβ and HTm4 have been found to function in B cells, mast cells and hematopoietic cells respectively. However, little is known about the function of MS4a4B in T cell regulation. We demonstrate here that MS4a4B negatively regulates mouse T cell proliferation. MS4a4B is highly expressed in primary T cells, natural killer cells (NK) and some T cell lines. But its expression in all malignant T cells, including thymoma and T hybridoma tested, was silenced. Interestingly, its expression was regulated during T cell activation. Viral vector-driven overexpression of MS4a4B in primary T cells and EL4 thymoma cells reduced cell proliferation. In contrast, knockdown of MS4a4B accelerated T cell proliferation. Cell cycle analysis showed that MS4a4B regulated T cell proliferation by inhibiting entry of the cells into S-G2/M phase. MS4a4B-mediated inhibition of cell cycle was correlated with upregulation of Cdk inhibitory proteins and decreased levels of Cdk2 activity, subsequently leading to inhibition of cell cycle progression. Our data indicate that MS4a4B negatively regulates T cell proliferation. MS4a4B, therefore, may serve as a modulator in the negative-feedback regulatory loop of activated T cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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33
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Jensen MC, Popplewell L, Cooper LJ, DiGiusto D, Kalos M, Ostberg JR, Forman SJ. Antitransgene rejection responses contribute to attenuated persistence of adoptively transferred CD20/CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor redirected T cells in humans. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:1245-56. [PMID: 20304086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic ablation of lymphoma is a conceptually attractive treatment strategy that is the subject of intense translational research. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that are genetically modified to express CD19- or CD20-specific, single-chain antibody-derived chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) display HLA-independent antigen-specific recognition/killing of lymphoma targets. Here, we describe our initial experience in applying CAR-redirected autologous CTL adoptive therapy to patients with recurrent lymphoma. Using plasmid vector electrotransfer/drug selection systems, cloned and polyclonal CAR(+) CTLs were generated from autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells and expanded in vitro to cell numbers sufficient for clinical use. In 2 FDA-authorized trials, patients with recurrent diffuse large cell lymphoma were treated with cloned CD8(+) CTLs expressing a CD20-specific CAR (along with NeoR) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and patients with refractory follicular lymphoma were treated with polyclonal T cell preparations expressing a CD19-specific CAR (along with HyTK, a fusion of hygromycin resistance and HSV-1 thymidine kinase suicide genes) and low-dose s.c. recombinant human interleukin-2. A total of 15 infusions were administered (5 at 10(8)cells/m(2), 7 at 10(9)cells/m(2), and 3 at 2 x 10(9)cells/m(2)) to 4 patients. Overt toxicities attributable to CTL administration were not observed; however, detection of transferred CTLs in the circulation, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, was short (24 hours to 7 days), and cellular antitransgene immune rejection responses were noted in 2 patients. These studies reveal the primary barrier to therapeutic efficacy is limited persistence, and provide the rationale to prospectively define T cell populations intrinsically programmed for survival after adoptive transfer and to modulate the immune status of recipients to prevent/delay antitransgene rejection responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Antigens, CD19/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Transfection
- Transgenes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Jensen
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics and Tumor Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
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34
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Abstract
Antibodies to CD20 have confirmed the hypothesis that monoclonal reagents can be given in vivo to alleviate human diseases. The targeting of CD20 on normal, malignant and auto-immune B-lymphocytes by rituximab has demonstrated substantial benefits for patients with a variety of B-cell lymphomas, as well as some with autoimmune disorders. There has been a notable increase in the survival rates from B-cell lymphoma in the decade since anti-CD20 therapy was introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Lim
- Tenovus Laboratory, Cancer Sciences Division, Southampton University School of Medicine, General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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35
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Hu YX, Yu K, Tan YX, Shen ZJ, Qian HL, Liang B, Shan DM. [Construction of recombinant retroviruses expressing anti-CD20 scFv/CD80 /CD28/zeta gene and expression in Jurkat cell line]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2008; 24:343-347. [PMID: 21141599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To construct recombinant retroviruses expressing anti-CD20 scFv/CD80/CD28/zeta gene and detect its expression in Jurkat cells. METHOD CD28-zetacDNA were amplified from plasmids pBULLET and inserted into pLNCX vector that contained anti-CD20 scFv/CD80 gene. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into PA 317 cells. Retroviruses were harvested from culture medium of PA 317 cells. Then NIH 3T3 were transfected with retroviruses. Objective gene expression was determined by PCR and FACS. Jurkat cells were transfected with high titer of retroviruses and resistant clones were obtained by G418 selection. Objective mRNA was determined by RT- PCR. RESULTS The recombinant eukaryotic vector was constructed successfully by PCR and enzyme digestion analysis and objective gene was amplified from NIH 3T3 cells transfected with retroviruses by PCR; FACS showed that objective protein could be expressed in NIH 3T3 cells. Objective gene was amplified from Jurkat cells transfected with retroviruses by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION Recombinant retrovirus expressing anti-CD20 scFv/CD80/CD28/zeta gene was successfully constructed and objective protein could be expressed in Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xian Hu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Medical College Affiliated the First Hospital, Wenzhou 32500, China
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36
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Liu R, Jiang WG, Liu F, Zhang YJ, Fan DM, Yang M, Xiong DS, Yang CZ. [Construction and expression of human 4-1BBL/anti-CD20 fusion protein]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2008; 24:543-545. [PMID: 18538078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM To construct and express human 4-1BBL/anti-CD20 bispecific fusion protein and identify its biological activity. METHODS PCR and overlapping PCR were used to construct human 4-1BBL/anti-CD20 bispecific fusion protein. DNA sequencing was performed by the terminus of the fusion protein nucleotide.The product was purified by affinity chromatography and analyzed by Western blot and its antigen-binding activity was examined by FACS. RESULTS The data of DNA sequence showed that human 4-1BBL/anti-CD20 bispecific fusion protein was correct. The fusion protein was recovered in high yield (up to 4 mg/L) after E-tag purification and predominantly(90%) as a dimer. The fusion protein could bind to Raji cells(CD20(+)) and A549 cells(4-1BB(+)), respectively. CONCLUSION The human 4-1BBL/anti-CD20 bispecific fusion protein with high level expression was successfully obtained and could bind to Raji ceIls and A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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37
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Abstract
In mice, genetic deletion of B cells strongly suppresses systemic autoimmunity, providing a rationale for depleting B cells to treat autoimmunity. In fact, B cell depletion with rituximab is approved for rheumatoid arthritis patients, and clinical trials are underway for systemic lupus erythematosus. Yet, basic questions concerning mechanism, pathologic effect, and extent of B cell depletion cannot be easily studied in humans. To better understand how B cell depletion affects autoimmunity, we have generated a transgenic mouse expressing human CD20 on B cells in an autoimmune-prone MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) (MRL/lpr) background. Using high doses of a murine anti-human CD20 mAb, we were able to achieve significant depletion of B cells, which in turn markedly ameliorated clinical and histologic disease as well as antinuclear Ab and serum autoantibody levels. However, we also found that B cells were quite refractory to depletion in autoimmune-prone strains compared with non-autoimmune-prone strains. This was true with multiple anti-CD20 Abs, including a new anti-mouse CD20 Ab, and in several different autoimmune-prone strains. Thus, whereas successful B cell depletion is a promising therapy for lupus, at least some patients might be resistant to the therapy as a byproduct of the autoimmune condition itself.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Count
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Mice, Transgenic
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Ahuja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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38
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Hatake K, Yokoyama M, Terui Y. [Recent progress in rituximab therapy and its resistance--how do we overcome?]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2007; 34:1177-82. [PMID: 17687198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
With the introduction of rituximab to chemotherapy in lymphoma, CHOP changed to R-CHOP in elderly, intermediate risk DLBCL (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) patients. Although the treatment is not yet standard, due to insufficient evidence, in clinical practice it is an R-containing regimen, for example, in mantle cell lymphoma, such as HyperCVAD/MA to R-HyperCVAD/MA. Recently, another group and ours reported the presence of rituximab resistance during R-containing chemotherapy. If the lymphoma is bulky,the overexpression of CD 55 (complement regulatory molecule) leads to resistance to rituximab. When the patients evidenced the loss of CD 20 antigen in refractory/relapsed lymphoma after R-containing therapy, some patients showed the presence of CD 20 point mutation. In the cases of refractory/relapsed cases, radioimmunotherapy or other monoclonal antibodies are prepared, including Zevalin and CD 22, CD 40, CD 74, and HLA-DR targeting antibodies. Not only monoclonal antibodies but also HDACI or bortezomib (NF-kappaB) and other signal inhibitors (for Akt, ERK/MAPK) have been developed. In Japan, we must consider the higher speed of infusion rituximab and we must prepare standard therapy for lymphoma because of recruiting phase I/II clinical trials after use of rituximab for easy entry.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Boronic Acids/therapeutic use
- Bortezomib
- CD55 Antigens/biosynthesis
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Point Mutation
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Pyrazines/therapeutic use
- Rituximab
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Hatake
- Dept. of Medical Oncology, and Hematology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japan
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39
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Abstract
Rituximab has been established as an effective and safe therapy for cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL). Different survival pathways, that is the Raf/MEK/Erk- or the p38MAPK cascade, have been suggested as downstream mediators of rituximab and may be involved in treatment failure. Biopsies from four patients, suffering from different subtypes of CBCL, which were obtained at various time points of relapse during or after therapy with 375 mg rituximab per m2 of body surface area, were analysed for the expression of CD20, CD3, Ki-67, Raf-kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) and bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry. No CD20-loss variants, that is the suggested main tumour escape mechanism to rituximab therapy, were observed in any specimen of relapsing CBCL. Notably, the expression of proapoptotic RKIP remained increased in these tumour samples. This was concomitated by a constant to slightly reduced proliferation status as demonstrated by Ki-67 staining. However, relapsing CBCL exhibited a strong upregulation of the antiapoptotic molecule bcl-2 in comparison to pretherapeutic levels. The immunohistochemical analyses of this case series of rituximab refractory CBCL suggest that upregulation of bcl-2 may play a major role in therapy resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, bcl-2
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein/genetics
- Rituximab
- Treatment Failure
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wobser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - H Voigt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - A O Eggert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Houben
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - C S Kauczok
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - E B Bröcker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J C Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
- E-mail:
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40
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Hatjiharissi E, Hansen M, Santos DD, Xu L, Leleu X, Dimmock EW, Ho AW, Hunter ZR, Branagan AR, Patterson CJ, Kortsaris A, Verselis S, Fox E, Treon SP. Genetic linkage of Fc gamma RIIa and Fc gamma RIIIa and implications for their use in predicting clinical responses to CD20-directed monoclonal antibody therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 7:286-90. [PMID: 17324336 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2007.n.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIa receptors are associated with responses to the CD20-directed immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody rituximab among patients with indolent lymphoma. At odds with the aforementioned clinical observations has been the finding that IgG1 binding is impacted by polymorphisms in FcgammaRIIIa but not FcgammaRIIa. One possibility for this discrepancy might involve linkage of polymorphisms between FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIa. MATERIALS AND METHODS As such, we performed allelespecific polymerase chain reaction and directed sequencing of the genomic DNA coding region of FcgammaRIIA and FcgammaRIIIA for 52 healthy individuals. RESULTS Two common polymorphisms were observed for FcgammaRIIA (at positions 27 and 131) and FcgammaRIIIA (at positions 48 and 158). Importantly, we observed linkage among polymorphisms within and between FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIa, including the expression of histidine at FcgammaRIIa-131 and valine at FcgammaRIIIa, both of which are associated with enhanced responses to rituximab. The results of these studies demonstrate that there is wide linkage within and between polymorphisms in FcgammaRIIa and FcgammaRIIIa and might provide an explanation for why polymorphisms at FcgammaRIIa are associated with rituximab responses despite a lack of impact on IgG1 binding. CONCLUSION Knowledge of such linkages could facilitate the development of diagnostic tests aimed at identifying patients who might be more suitable for treatment with rituximab and possibly other therapeutic antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Genotype
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Rituximab
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdoxia Hatjiharissi
- Bing Center for Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Skommer J, Wlodkowic D, Pelkonen J. Gene-expression profiling during curcumin-induced apoptosis reveals downregulation of CXCR4. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:84-95. [PMID: 17198877 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A dietary compound curcumin hardwires to multiple cellular processes, with suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of metastasis considered as the major mechanisms underlying its anticancer properties. Based on our recent evidence that curcumin triggers cell demise in follicular lymphoma (FL) cells, we aimed to identify curcumin-regulated genes of utmost importance for the treatment of follicular lymphoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Large-scale gene-expression profiling was performed during curcumin-triggered apoptosis (8-36 hours) in follicular lymphoma HF4.9 cells using Sentrix Human WG-6 BeadChips. Expression levels of selected differentially expressed genes were verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting. Chemical inhibitor studies (cyclosporin A and AMD3100) were performed to provide further insights into the functional significance of selected genes. RESULTS Comprehensive transcriptional response is associated with curcumin treatment in HF4.9 cells, including differential expression of genes encoding apoptotic signaling proteins, tumor and metastasis suppressors, transcription and splicing factors, proteins involved in regulation of cell adhesion, migration (e.g., CXCR4), lymphoid development, or B-cell activation (e.g. CD20), and others. CXCR4 downregulation was confirmed by both qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Importantly, curcumin induced downregulation of CXCR4 protein also in other FL cell lines, and similar effect was observed upon prolonged incubation with low concentration of curcumin. AMD3100 (a selective CXCR4 antagonist) alone enhanced neither spontaneous nor serum-starvation-induced death at 24 hours of treatment, but impaired long-term cell growth in a cell line-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first study showing curcumin-induced downregulation of CXCR4, and at attainable in vivo concentration of the polyphenol. Other curcumin-regulated genes identified herein, e.g., CD20, are also seemingly pertinent to the pathophysiology of follicular lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skommer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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42
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Hu YX, Yu K, Tan YX, Shen ZJ, Jiang SF, Qian HL, Hang B, Shan DM. [Construction of anti-cD20scFv/CD80/CD28/zeta recombinant gene modified T cell and research on its targeting cytotoxicity]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2007; 28:111-4. [PMID: 17650672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct anti-CD20scFv/CD80/CD28/zeta recombinant gene modified T cells, test its effectiveness of eradicating CD20+ lymphoma cells and provide a probably new approach to tumor adoptive immunotherapy. METHODS CD28-zeta cDNA were amplified from vector pBULLET and inserted into pLNCX vector that contained anti-CD20scFv/CD80 gene. The recombinant vectors were transduced into PA317 cells and high titer retroviruses were obtained to infect human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Resistant T cells were obtained by G418 selection at one week. Then transduced T lymphocytes and lymphoma cell lines Daudi Raji were cocultured. The cytotoxicity and cytokine production of transduced T cells were determined by non-radio-activation cytotoxicity assay and ELISA respectively. RESULTS The recombinant eukaryotic vector was constructed successfully as proved by enzyme digestion analysis and sequencing. These T cells were able to lyse CD20+ target cells and secrete high levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in vitro. CONCLUSION Recombinant gene modified T cells can be constructed successfully. It can specially kill CD20 positive lymphoma cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xian Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
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43
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Moreau P, Voillat L, Benboukher L, Mathiot C, Dumontet C, Robillard N, Hérault O, Garnache F, Garand R, Varoqueaux N, Avet-Loiseau H, Harousseau JL, Bataille R. Rituximab in CD20 positive multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2007; 21:835-6. [PMID: 17268523 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Terui Y, Hatake K. [Resistance to rituximab and CD20 mutation]. Nihon Rinsho 2007; 65 Suppl 1:416-23. [PMID: 17474440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Terui
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCR
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45
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Ferreri AJ, Dognini GP, Verona C, Patriarca C, Doglioni C, Ponzoni M. Re-occurrence of the CD20 molecule expression subsequent to CD20-negative relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2007; 92:e1-2. [PMID: 17405748 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.10255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the stomach displaying CD20-negative relapse after rituximab-containing treatment and the re-appearance of CD20 expression at the second failure. The loss of CD20 expression in B-cell lymphomas relapsing after rituximab is a well-known phenomenon, but its actual impact in DLBCL is difficult to estimate. This paradigmatic case suggests that CD20-expression reappearance after purging of CD20-positive clones with rituximab might be an underestimated occurrence in B-cell lymphomas. Accordingly, every relapse, whenever possible, should be histologically assessed with diagnostic and immunophenotyping purposes.
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MESH Headings
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD20/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD20/drug effects
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Epirubicin/administration & dosage
- Fatal Outcome
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphatic Irradiation
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Male
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Rituximab
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/therapy
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ferreri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Dept. of Oncology, San Raffaele H Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Vera J, Savoldo B, Vigouroux S, Biagi E, Pule M, Rossig C, Wu J, Heslop HE, Rooney CM, Brenner MK, Dotti G. T lymphocytes redirected against the kappa light chain of human immunoglobulin efficiently kill mature B lymphocyte-derived malignant cells. Blood 2006; 108:3890-7. [PMID: 16926291 PMCID: PMC1895462 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-017061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been interest in generating T cells expressing chimeric artificial receptors (CARs) targeting CD19/CD20 antigens to treat B-cell lymphomas. If successful, however, this approach would likely impair humoral immunity because T cells may persist long-term. Most low-grade lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells express monoclonal immunoglobulins carrying either kappa or lambda light chains. We, therefore, explored whether T lymphocytes could be genetically modified to target the tumor-associated light chain, sparing B lymphocytes expressing the reciprocal light chain, and consequently reduce impairment of humoral immunity. We found that T lymphocytes expressing the anti-kappa light chain CAR showed cytotoxic activity against Igkappa(+) tumor cell lines and B-CLL cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also found that the incorporation of the CD28 endodomain within the CAR enhanced the in vitro and in vivo expansion of transgenic T cells after tumor-associated antigen stimulation. Free Igkappa(+) did not compromise the ability of redirected T lymphocytes to eliminate Igkappa(+) tumors because these free immunoglobulins served to sustain proliferation of CAR-CD28 transgenic T cells. Thus, adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes targeting the appropriate light chain could be a useful immunotherapy approach to treat B-lymphocyte malignancies that clonally express immunoglobulin without entirely compromising humoral immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/immunology
- K562 Cells
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Vera
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Fannin St, MC 3-3320, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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van Meerten T, Claessen MJ, Hagenbeek A, Ebeling SB. The CD20/alphaCD20 'suicide' system: novel vectors with improved safety and expression profiles and efficient elimination of CD20-transgenic T cells. Gene Ther 2006; 13:789-97. [PMID: 16421601 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes is an attractive strategy for many experimental treatment strategies for cancer. Unfortunately, manipulated T cells could be responsible for serious adverse events. Retroviral CD20-transduced T cells may be able to control these unwanted effects. CD20-positive cells are sensitive to rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody specific for CD20. This permits their selective elimination in vivo in case of adverse events. To this end, a system is required that permits efficient and safe transduction of donor T cells and effective elimination of CD20-positive T cells. We constructed different CD20-encoding retroviral vectors and investigated the impact of inclusion of the woodchuck post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE) and the chicken hypersensitivity site 4 insulator elements on the levels, homogeneity and stability of CD20 expression. Importantly, inclusion of either WPRE or insulator elements in the retroviral vector resulted in a dramatic improvement in the stability of CD20 expression. The insulator element also led to a much more homogeneous level of CD20 expression. We also show the efficient elimination of the CD20-transgenic T cells via RTX by different effector mechanisms. In conclusion, we have constructed CD20-encoding retroviral vectors with improved efficiency and safety profiles, which can be used as a suicide strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T van Meerten
- Jordan Laboratory for Hemato-Oncology, Department of Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Long-term acceptance of solid organ allografts remains a challenge. While many acute rejection episodes can be treated, new mechanisms of allograft damage are now being defined especially in kidney transplantation. Unexpected clusters of CD20(+) cells have been discovered in renal biopsies performed for clinical rejection. C4d deposition is now routinely seen in refractory rejection. Despite the rapid introduction of new immunosuppressive agents in transplantation, the search for an efficacious anti-B-cell agent remains. With novel mechanisms of allograft damage now being defined, it is important to consider how an anti-B-cell agent might fit into an immunosuppressive regimen. Rituximab is a high-affinity CD20 specific antibody that depletes the B-cell compartment by inducing cellular apoptosis. Thus, it is a rational choice for therapy in transplantation to abrogate B-cell mediated events. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms of action of rituximab, and its use in for a variety of indications in solid organ transplantation. There are emerging case reports that show that rituximab may be an effective agent to treat antibody-mediated rejection, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Rituximab has been frequently cited as an important adjunct therapy in desensitization protocols for highly sensitized transplant recipients as well as recipients of ABO incompatible transplants. Rituximab demonstrates promise in this regard and warrants additional consideration in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda T Becker
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- CD79 Antigens/genetics
- CD79 Antigens/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/diagnosis
- Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/metabolism
- Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/pathology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Remission Induction
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Time Factors
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50
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Teeling JL, Mackus WJM, Wiegman LJJM, van den Brakel JHN, Beers SA, French RR, van Meerten T, Ebeling S, Vink T, Slootstra JW, Parren PWHI, Glennie MJ, van de Winkel JGJ. The biological activity of human CD20 monoclonal antibodies is linked to unique epitopes on CD20. J Immunol 2006; 177:362-71. [PMID: 16785532 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously defined a panel of fully human CD20 mAb. Most of these were unexpectedly efficient in their ability to recruit C1q to the surface of CD20-positive cells and mediate tumor lysis via activation of the classical pathway of complement. This complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) potency appeared to relate to the unusually slow off-rate of these human Abs. However, we now present epitope-mapping data, which indicates that all human mAb bind a novel region of CD20 that may influence CDC potency. Epitope mapping, using both mutagenesis studies and overlapping 15-mer peptides of the extracellular loops of CD20, defined the amino acids required for binding by an extensive panel of mouse and human mAb. Binding by rituximab and mouse CD20 mAb, had an absolute requirement for alanine and proline at positions 170 and 172, respectively, within the large extracellular loop of CD20. Surprisingly, however, all of the human CD20 mAb recognize a completely novel epitope located N-terminally of this motif, also including the small extracellular loop of CD20. Thus, although off-rate may influence biological activity of mAb, another critical factor for determining CDC potency by CD20 mAb appears to be the region of the target molecule they recognize. We conclude that recognition of the novel epitope cooperates with slow off-rate in determining the activity of CD20 Ab in activation of complement and induction of tumor cell lysis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Complement Pathway, Classical/genetics
- Complement Pathway, Classical/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
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