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Weijler AM, Wekerle T. Combining Treg Therapy With Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation: Experimental Progress and Clinical Perspective. Transplantation 2024; 108:1100-1108. [PMID: 37789519 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Donor-specific tolerance remains a goal in transplantation because it could improve graft survival and reduce morbidity. Cotransplantation of donor hematopoietic cells to achieve chimerism is a promising approach for tolerance induction, which was successfully tested in clinical trials. However, current protocols are associated with side effects related to the myelosuppressive recipient conditioning, which makes it difficult to introduce them as standard therapy. More recently, adoptive cell therapy with polyclonal or donor-specific regulatory T cells (Treg) proved safe and feasible in several transplant trials, but it is unclear whether it can induce tolerance on its own. The combination of both approaches-Treg therapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation-leads to chimerism and tolerance without myelosuppressive treatment in murine models. Treg therapy promotes engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic cells, reducing conditioning requirements and enhancing regulatory mechanisms maintaining tolerance. This review discusses possible modes of action of transferred Treg in experimental chimerism models and describes translational efforts investigating the potent synergy of Treg and chimerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marianne Weijler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Zhou AW, Jin J, Liu Y. Cellular strategies to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation: Clinical perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1791-1800. [PMID: 38659486 PMCID: PMC11036497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i13.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) has become the most efficient treatment for pediatric and adult end-stage liver disease and the survival time after transplantation is becoming longer due to the development of surgical techniques and perioperative management. However, long-term side-effects of immunosuppressants, like infection, metabolic disorders and malignant tumor are gaining more attention. Immune tolerance is the status in which LT recipients no longer need to take any immunosuppressants, but the liver function and intrahepatic histology maintain normal. The approaches to achieve immune tolerance after transplantation include spontaneous, operational and induced tolerance. The first two means require no specific intervention but withdrawing immunosuppressant gradually during follow-up. No clinical factors or biomarkers so far could accurately predict who are suitable for immunosuppressant withdraw after transplantation. With the understanding to the underlying mechanisms of immune tolerance, many strategies have been developed to induce tolerance in LT recipients. Cellular strategy is one of the most promising methods for immune tolerance induction, including chimerism induced by hematopoietic stem cells and adoptive transfer of regulatory immune cells. The safety and efficacy of various cell products have been evaluated by prospective preclinical and clinical trials, while obstacles still exist before translating into clinical practice. Here, we will summarize the latest perspectives and concerns on the clinical application of cellular strategies in LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Wei Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Nursing, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai 200127, China
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3
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Green A, Rubinstein JD, Grimley M, Pfeiffer T. Virus-Specific T Cells for the Treatment of Systemic Infections Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell and Solid Organ Transplantation. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024; 13:S49-S57. [PMID: 38417086 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are a major source of morbidity and mortality in the context of immune deficiency and immunosuppression following allogeneic hematopoietic cell (allo-HCT) and solid organ transplantation (SOT). The pharmacological treatment of viral infections is challenging and often complicated by limited efficacy, the development of resistance, and intolerable side effects. A promising strategy to rapidly restore antiviral immunity is the adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells (VST). This therapy involves the isolation and ex vivo expansion or direct selection of antigen-specific T cells from healthy seropositive donors, followed by infusion into the patient. This article provides a practical guide to VST therapy by reviewing manufacturing techniques, donor selection, and treatment indications. The safety and efficacy data of VSTs gathered in clinical trials over nearly 30 years is summarized. Current challenges and limitations are discussed, as well as opportunities for further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rubinstein
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Grimley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Pfeiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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4
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Cosorich I, Filoni J, Di Dedda C, Ferrari A, Jofra T, Cesarano S, Bonini C, Piemonti L, Monti P. Interleukin-7 improves the fitness of regulatory T cells for adoptive transfer. Immunology 2023; 170:540-552. [PMID: 37671510 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive regulatory T-cell (Treg) transfer has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for regulating immune responses in organ transplantation, graft versus host disease, and autoimmunity, including Type 1 diabetes. Traditionally, Treg for adoptive therapy have been sorted and expanded in vitro using high doses of IL-2, demonstrating stability and suppressive capabilities. However, limitations in their long-term survival post-infusion into patients have been observed. To address this challenge, we investigated a novel expansion protocol incorporating interleukin-7 (IL-7) alongside the traditional method utilizing IL-2 (referred to as IL-7 method, IL-7M). Our study revealed that naïve Treg express significant levels of CD127 and display robust responsiveness to IL-7, characterized by STAT-5 phosphorylation. Expanding naïve Treg with the IL-7M protocol led to a substantial enrichment of CD45RA+ CD62L+ CD95+ Treg but showing a reduction in the final cell yield and suppressive function. Moreover, Treg expanded with the IL-7M exhibited preserved telomere length and demonstrated enhanced resistance to cytokine withdrawal and fas-mediated apoptosis. When transferred into NSG mice IL-7M-Treg persisted longer and reduced the expansion of T cells, but did not significantly reduce the severity of xenoGvHD. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the feasibility of expanding naïve Treg in the presence of IL-7 to generate a Treg product enriched in poorly differentiated CD45RA+ cells with enhanced survival capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cosorich
- Transplant Immunology Lab, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Filoni
- Transplant Immunology Lab, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Di Dedda
- Transplant Immunology Lab, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Ferrari
- Transplant Immunology Lab, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tatiana Jofra
- Transplant Immunology Lab, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Cesarano
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Transplant Immunology Lab, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Monti
- Transplant Immunology Lab, San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan, Milan, Italy
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Diaz-Cano I, Paz-Ares L, Otano I. Adoptive tumor infiltrating lymphocyte transfer as personalized immunotherapy. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2022; 370:163-192. [PMID: 35798505 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and, despite new targeted therapies and immunotherapies, a large group of patients fail to respond to therapy or progress after initial response, which brings the need for additional treatment options. Manipulating the immune system using a variety of approaches has been explored for the past years with successful results. Sustained progress has been made to understand the T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses counteracting the tumorigenesis process. The T-lymphocyte pool, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a central focus for engaging the immune system in defeating cancer. The adoptive cell transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has been used in humans for over 30 years to treat metastatic melanoma. In this review, we provide a brief history of ACT-TIL and discuss the current state of ACT-TIL clinical development in solid tumors. We also discuss how key advances in understanding genetic intratumor heterogeneity, to accurately identify neoantigens, and new strategies designed to overcome T-cell exhaustion and tumor immunosuppression have improved the efficacy of the TIL-therapy infusion. Characteristics of the TIL products will be discussed, as well as new strategies, including the selective expansion of specific fractions from the cell product or the genetic manipulation of T cells for improving the in-vivo survival and functionality. In summary, this review outlines the potential of ACT-TIL as a personalized approach for epithelial tumors and continued discoveries are making it increasingly more effective against other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Diaz-Cano
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Medicine and Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Otano
- H12O-CNIO Lung Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain; Spanish Center for Biomedical Research Network in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Thongsin N, Wattanapanitch M. A three-dimensional immune-oncology model for studying in vitro primary human NK cell cytotoxic activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264366. [PMID: 35312698 PMCID: PMC8936498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for treating several forms of cancer. Adoptive cell transfer of immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, provides a powerful therapeutic potential against tumor cells. In the past decades, two-dimensional (2D) tumor models have been used to investigate the effectiveness of immune cell killing. However, the 2D tumor models exhibit less structural complexity and cannot recapitulate the physiological condition of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the effectiveness of immune cells against tumor cells using these models cannot fully be translated to clinical studies. In order to gain a deeper insight into immune cell-tumor interaction, more physiologically relevant in vivo-like three-dimensional (3D) tumor models have been developed. These 3D tumor models can mimic the dynamic cellular activities, making them a much closer representation of the in vivo tumor profiles. Here, we describe a simple and effective protocol to study the cytotoxic activity of primary human NK cells toward the 3D tumor spheroids. Our protocol includes isolation and expansion of human NK cells, labeling and formation of tumor spheroids, co-culture of NK cells and tumor spheroids, and evaluation of cytotoxic activity using a confocal microscope. This protocol is also applicable to other types of tumors and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontaphat Thongsin
- Research Department, Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Methichit Wattanapanitch
- Research Department, Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Wang Y, Guan Y, Hu Y, Li Y, Lu N, Zhang C. Murine CXCR3+CXCR6+γδT Cells Reside in the Liver and Provide Protection Against HBV Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:757379. [PMID: 35126348 PMCID: PMC8814360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells play a key role in the innate immune response and serve as the first line of defense against infection and tumors. These cells are defined as tissue-resident lymphocytes in skin, lung, and intestinal mucosa. They are also relatively abundant in the liver; however, little is known about the residency of hepatic γδT cells. By comparing the phenotype of murine γδT cells in liver, spleen, thymus, and small intestine, a CXCR3+CXCR6+ γδT-cell subset with tissue-resident characteristics was found in liver tissue from embryos through adults. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells mediated retention of CXCR3+CXCR6+ γδT cells through the interactions between CXCR3 and CXCR6 and their chemokines. During acute HBV infection, CXCR3+CXCR6+ γδT cells produced high levels of IFN-γ and adoptive transfer of CXCR3+CXCR6+ γδT cells into acute HBV-infected TCRδ−/− mice leading to lower HBsAg and HBeAg expression. It is suggested that liver resident CXCR3+CXCR6+ γδT cells play a protective role during acute HBV infection. Strategies aimed at expanding and activating liver resident CXCR3+CXCR6+ γδT cells both in vivo or in vitro have great prospects for use in immunotherapy that specifically targets acute HBV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Hepatitis B/metabolism
- Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/virology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR6/metabolism
- Spleen/metabolism
- Spleen/virology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Institute of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Cai Zhang, ; Nan Lu,
| | - Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Cai Zhang, ; Nan Lu,
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8
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Kalinina A, Bruter A, Persiyantseva N, Silaeva Y, Zamkova M, Khromykh L, Kazansky D. Safety evaluation of the mouse TCRα - transduced T cell product in preclinical models in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112480. [PMID: 34915667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) based on TCR- or CAR-T cells has become an efficient immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Previously, we developed a novel strategy for generating therapeutic T cell products based on chain-centric TCRs, in which either α- or β-chain dominates in cognate antigen recognition. To assess the suitability of our experimental approach for the clinical application and predict its possible adverse effects, in studies here, we evaluated the safety of the experimental TCRα-modified T cell product in mouse preclinical models. Our data showed no tumorigenic or mutagenic activity in vitro of TCRα-transduced T cells, indicating no genotoxicity of viral vectors used for the generation of the experimental T cell product. Adoptive transfer of TCRα-engineered T cells in a wide dose range didn`t disturb the host homeostasis and exhibited no acute toxicity or immunotoxicity in vivo. Based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics analysis here, modified T cells rapidly penetrated and distributed in many viscera after infusion. Histological evaluations revealed no pathological changes in organs caused by T cells accumulation, indicating the absence of non-specific off-target activity or cross-reactivity of the therapeutic TCRα. Studies here provide valuable information on the potential safety of TCRα-T cell based ACT that could be extrapolated to possible effects in a human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kalinina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Bruter
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation; Core Facility Center, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st. 34/5, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Persiyantseva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Silaeva
- Core Facility Center, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st. 34/5, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Zamkova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Khromykh
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Kazansky
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoe sh., 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation.
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Liang J, Fu L, Li M, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lin Y, Zhang H, Xu Y, Qin L, Liu J, Wang W, Hao J, Liu S, Zhang P, Lin L, Alnaggar M, Zhou J, Zhou L, Guo H, Wang Z, Liu L, Deng G, Zhang G, Wu Y, Yin Z. Allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-Cell Therapy Promotes Pulmonary Lesion Repair: An Open-Label, Single-Arm Pilot Study in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756495. [PMID: 34975844 PMCID: PMC8715986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO’s “Global tuberculosis report 2020” lists tuberculosis (TB) as one of the leading causes of death globally. Existing anti-TB therapy strategies are far from adequate to meet the End TB Strategy goals set for 2035. Therefore, novel anti-TB therapy protocols are urgently needed. Here, we proposed an allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell-based immunotherapy strategy and clinically evaluated its safety and efficacy in patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Eight patients with MDR-TB were recruited in this open-label, single-arm pilot clinical study. Seven of these patients received allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy adjunct with anti-TB drugs in all therapy courses. Cells (1 × 108) were infused per treatment every 2 weeks, with 12 courses of cell therapy conducted for each patient, who were then followed up for 6 months to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cell therapy. The eighth patient initially received four courses of cell infusions, followed by eight courses of cell therapy plus anti-MDR-TB drugs. Clinical examinations, including clinical response, routine blood tests and biochemical indicators, chest CT imaging, immune cell surface markers, body weight, and sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis testing, were conducted. Our study revealed that allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are clinically safe for TB therapy. These cells exhibited clinical efficacy in multiple aspects, including promoting the repair of pulmonary lesions, partially improving host immunity, and alleviating M. tuberculosis load in vivo, regardless of their application in the presence or absence of anti-TB drugs. This pilot study opens a new avenue for anti-TB treatment and exhibits allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as promising candidates for developing a novel cell drug for TB immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liang
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Li
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department for gdT Clinical Research and Development, Guangdong GD Kongming Biotech Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyuan Chen
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linxiu Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juncai Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianlei Hao
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peize Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department for gdT Clinical Research and Development, Guangdong GD Kongming Biotech Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Alnaggar
- Tongji Chibi Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chibi, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department for Tuberculosis Control, Foshan Fourth People’s Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department for Tuberculosis Control, Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixin Guo
- Department for Tuberculosis Control, Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofang Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhinan Yin, ; Yangzhe Wu, ; Guoliang Zhang, ; Guofang Deng,
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhinan Yin, ; Yangzhe Wu, ; Guoliang Zhang, ; Guofang Deng,
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhinan Yin, ; Yangzhe Wu, ; Guoliang Zhang, ; Guofang Deng,
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhinan Yin, ; Yangzhe Wu, ; Guoliang Zhang, ; Guofang Deng,
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Hansen BT, Bacher P, Eiz-Vesper B, Heckl SM, Klapper W, Koch K, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Baldus CD, Fransecky L. Adoptive Cell Transfer of Allogeneic Epstein–Barr Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes for Treatment of Refractory EBV-Associated Posttransplant Smooth Muscle Tumors: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727814. [PMID: 34925312 PMCID: PMC8677671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttransplant smooth muscle tumors (PTSMTs) are rare Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated neoplasms, mostly occurring after solid organ transplantation. Current therapeutic strategies include surgery and reduction of immunosuppressive medication. We describe for the first time a novel treatment approach for PTSMT by adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of EBV-specific T cells to a 20-year-old patient with a medical history of cardiac transplantation, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, and multilocular PTSMT. During ACT, mild cytokine release syndrome occurred, while no unexpected safety signals were recorded. We observed in vivo expansion of EBV-specific T cells and reduction of EBV viremia. Best response was stable disease after 4 months with reduction of EBV viremia and normalization of lactate dehydrogenase levels. ACT with EBV-specific T cells may be a safe and efficacious therapeutic option for PTSMT that warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern-Thore Hansen
- Medical Department II – Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steffen M. Heckl
- Medical Department II – Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Section for Hematopathology and Lymph Node Registry, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karoline Koch
- Section for Hematopathology and Lymph Node Registry, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia D. Baldus
- Medical Department II – Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Fransecky
- Medical Department II – Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lars Fransecky,
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11
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Junior, Lai YS, Nguyen HT, Salmanida FP, Chang KT. MERTK +/hi M2c Macrophages Induced by Baicalin Alleviate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10604. [PMID: 34638941 PMCID: PMC8508959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. An accumulation of fat, followed by inflammation, is the major cause of NAFLD progression. During inflammation, macrophages are the most abundant immune cells recruited to the site of injury. Macrophages are classified into "proinflammatory" M1 macrophages, and "anti-inflammatory" M2 macrophages. In NAFLD, M1 macrophages are the most prominent macrophages that lead to an excessive inflammatory response. Previously, we found that baicalin could polarize macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2c subtype macrophages with an increased level of MERTK expression. Several studies have also shown a strong correlation between MERTK expression and cholesterol efflux, efferocytosis, as well as phagocytosis capability. Therefore, in this study, we aim to elucidate the potential and efficacy of mononuclear-cell (MNC)-derived MERTK+/hi M2c macrophages induced by baicalin as a cell-based therapy for NAFLD treatment. In our results, we have demonstrated that a MERTK+/hi M2c macrophage injection to NAFLD mice contributes to an increased level of serum HDL secretion in the liver, a decline in the circulating CD4+CD25- and CD8+CD25- T cells and lowers the total NAFLD pathological score by lessening the inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis. In the liver, profibrotic COL1A1 and FN, proinflammation TNFα, as well as the regulator of lipid metabolism PPARɣ expression, were also downregulated after injection. In parallel, the transcriptomic profiles of the injected MERTK+/hi M2c macrophages showed that the various genes directly or indirectly involved in NAFLD progression (e.g., SERPINE1, FADS2) were also suppressed. Downregulation of cytokines and inflammation-associated genes, such as CCR5, may promote a pro-resolving milieu in the NAFLD liver. Altogether, cell-based therapy using MERTK+/hi M2c macrophages is promising, as it ameliorates NAFLD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junior
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.); (H.T.N.); (F.P.S.)
| | - Yin-Siew Lai
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Huyen Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.); (H.T.N.); (F.P.S.)
| | - Farrah P. Salmanida
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.); (H.T.N.); (F.P.S.)
| | - Ko-Tung Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (J.); (H.T.N.); (F.P.S.)
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
- Flow Cytometry Center, Precision Instruments Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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12
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Spiteri AG, Terry RL, Wishart CL, Ashhurst TM, Campbell IL, Hofer MJ, King NJC. High-parameter cytometry unmasks microglial cell spatio-temporal response kinetics in severe neuroinflammatory disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:166. [PMID: 34311763 PMCID: PMC8314570 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiating infiltrating myeloid cells from resident microglia in neuroinflammatory disease is challenging, because bone marrow-derived inflammatory monocytes infiltrating the inflamed brain adopt a 'microglia-like' phenotype. This precludes the accurate identification of either cell type without genetic manipulation, which is important to understand their temporal contribution to disease and inform effective intervention in its pathogenesis. During West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis, widespread neuronal infection drives substantial CNS infiltration of inflammatory monocytes, causing severe immunopathology and/or death, but the role of microglia in this remains unclear. METHODS Using high-parameter cytometry and dimensionality-reduction, we devised a simple, novel gating strategy to identify microglia and infiltrating myeloid cells during WNV-infection. Validating our strategy, we (1) blocked the entry of infiltrating myeloid populations from peripheral blood using monoclonal blocking antibodies, (2) adoptively transferred BM-derived monocytes and tracked their phenotypic changes after infiltration and (3) labelled peripheral leukocytes that infiltrate into the brain with an intravenous dye. We demonstrated that myeloid immigrants populated only the identified macrophage gates, while PLX5622 depletion reduced all 4 subsets defined by the microglial gates. RESULTS Using this gating approach, we identified four consistent microglia subsets in the homeostatic and WNV-infected brain. These were P2RY12hi CD86-, P2RY12hi CD86+ and P2RY12lo CD86- P2RY12lo CD86+. During infection, 2 further populations were identified as 'inflammatory' and 'microglia-like' macrophages, recruited from the bone marrow. Detailed kinetic analysis showed significant increases in the proportions of both P2RY12lo microglia subsets in all anatomical areas, largely at the expense of the P2RY12hi CD86- subset, with the latter undergoing compensatory proliferation, suggesting replenishment of, and differentiation from this subset in response to infection. Microglia altered their morphology early in infection, with all cells adopting temporal and regional disease-specific phenotypes. Late in disease, microglia produced IL-12, downregulated CX3CR1, F4/80 and TMEM119 and underwent apoptosis. Infiltrating macrophages expressed both TMEM119 and P2RY12 de novo, with the microglia-like subset notably exhibiting the highest proportional myeloid population death. CONCLUSIONS Our approach enables detailed kinetic analysis of resident vs infiltrating myeloid cells in a wide range of neuroinflammatory models without non-physiological manipulation. This will more clearly inform potential therapeutic approaches that specifically modulate these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna G Spiteri
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel L Terry
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Current Address: Children's Cancer Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Current Affiliation: Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire L Wishart
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas M Ashhurst
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Facility, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iain L Campbell
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C King
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Sydney Cytometry Facility, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity (MBI), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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13
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Zhu J, Inomata T, Fujimoto K, Uchida K, Fujio K, Nagino K, Miura M, Negishi N, Okumura Y, Akasaki Y, Hirosawa K, Kuwahara M, Eguchi A, Shokirova H, Yanagawa A, Midorikawa-Inomata A, Murakami A. Ex Vivo-Induced Bone Marrow-Derived Myeloid Suppressor Cells Prevent Corneal Allograft Rejection in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 34061951 PMCID: PMC8185403 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of ex vivo-induced bone marrow myeloid-derived suppressor cells (BM-MDSCs) on allogeneic immune responses in corneal transplantation. Methods Bone marrow cells from C57BL/6J (B6) mice were cultured with IL-6 and GM-CSF for four days. The ex vivo induction of the BM-MDSCs was assessed using flow cytometry, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and nitric oxide (NO) production in allogeneic stimulation. T-cell proliferation and regulatory T-cell (Treg) expansion were investigated on allogeneic stimulation in the presence of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs. IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β1 protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. After subconjunctival injection of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs, the migration of the BM-MDSCs into corneal grafts, allogeneic corneal graft survival, neovascularization, and lymphangiogenesis were assessed using flow cytometry, slit-lamp microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Results The combination of GM-CSF and IL-6 significantly induced BM-MDSCs with increased iNos mRNA expression. The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs promoted NO release in allogeneic stimulation in vitro. The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs inhibited T-cell proliferation and promoted Treg expansion. Decreased IFN-γ and increased IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β1 production was observed in coculture of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs. Injected ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs were confirmed to migrate into the grafts. The injected BM-MDSCs also prolonged corneal graft survival and prevented angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Conclusions The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs have suppressive effects on allogeneic immune responses and prolong corneal allograft survival via the iNOS pathway, indicating that they may be a potential therapeutic tool for corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Negishi
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Indoor Environment Neurophysiology Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizu Kuwahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Eguchi
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hurramhon Shokirova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Yanagawa
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Midorikawa-Inomata
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Damo M, Wilson DS, Watkins EA, Hubbell JA. Soluble N-Acetylgalactosamine-Modified Antigens Enhance Hepatocyte-Dependent Antigen Cross-Presentation and Result in Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cell Tolerance Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:555095. [PMID: 33746941 PMCID: PMC7965950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.555095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes compose up to 80% of the total liver and have been indicated as important players in the induction of immunologic tolerance in this organ. We show that hepatocytes possess the molecular machinery required for the cross-presentation of extracellular antigens. Using a derivative of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) covalently modified with a polymer containing multiple N-acetylgalactosamine residues (pGal-OVA) that enhance extracellular antigen uptake by mimicking the glycome of apoptotic debris, we show efficient hepatocyte-dependent induction of cross-tolerance of both adoptively transferred OT-I cells and endogenous OVA-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes, for example inducing tolerance to OVA-expressing skin transplants. Our study confirms that hepatocytes are capable of inducing peripheral tolerogenesis and provides proof of concept that they may be a valuable candidate for in vivo targeted tolerogenic treatments.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/immunology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2/metabolism
- Acetylgalactosamine/immunology
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cross-Priming/immunology
- Hepatocytes/cytology
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Immune Tolerance/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Skin Transplantation/methods
- Solubility
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/immunology
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Damo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Scott Wilson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elyse A. Watkins
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Sun G, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang C, Jin H, Li C, Liu L, Wang Y, Shi W, Tian D, Xu H, Tian Y, Wu Y, Liu K, Zhang Z, Zhang D. CD4 derived double negative T cells prevent the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:650. [PMID: 33510172 PMCID: PMC7844244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is the driving force for the development and progression of NASH. Treatment targeting inflammation is believed to be beneficial. In this study, adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells converted double negative T cells (cDNT) protects mice from diet-induced liver fat accumulation, lobular inflammation and focal necrosis. cDNT selectively suppress liver-infiltrating Th17 cells and proinflammatory M1 macrophages. IL-10 secreted by M2 macrophages decreases the survival and function of cDNT to protect M2 macrophages from cDNT-mediated lysis. NKG2A, a cell inhibitory molecule, contributes to IL-10 induced apoptosis and dampened suppressive function of cDNT. In conclusion, ex vivo-generated cDNT exert potent protection in diet induced obesity, type 2 diabetes and NASH. The improvement of outcome is due to the inhibition on liver inflammatory cells. This study supports the concept and the feasibility of potentially utilizing this autologous immune cell-based therapy for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Sun
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunpan Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changying Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongle Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, China.
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which aims to control the immune system to eradicate cancer cells and prevent their spread, needs to be personalized because anticancer immune responses can be inhibited in several ways that vary from patient to patient. Cancer immunotherapy includes pharmaceuticals such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as well as cell therapy, immunogene therapy, and vaccines. Combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs with other immunotherapy drugs, for example, antibody-drug conjugates, as well as combination of PD-1/PD-L1 drugs with other therapies, for example, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are being explored. Biomarkers are important for predicting the response to immunotherapy. Molecular diagnostics and sequencing are important technologies for guiding treatment in immuno-oncology. Genomic profiling of tumor mutational burden may enhance the predictive utility of PD-L1 expression and facilitate personalized combination immunotherapy. Optimization of personalized immuno-oncology requires integration of several technologies and selection of those best suited for an individual patient. Advances in immuno-oncology are also attributed to technologies for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics such as antigen-capturing nanoparticles for precision targeting and selective delivery. A breakthrough in cell therapy of cancer is a chimeric antigen receptors-T cell, which combines the antigen-binding site of a MAb with the signal activating machinery of a T cell, freeing antigen recognition from major histocompatibility complex restriction. Gene-editing tools such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats have a promising application for removing alloreactivity and decreasing immunogenicity of third-party T cells. In conclusion, personalized immuno-oncology is one of the most promising approaches to management of cancer.
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17
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Goyal A, Cardozo-Ojeda EF, Schiffer JT. Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response. Sci Adv 2020; 6:sciadv.abc7112. [PMID: 33097472 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20061325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To affect the COVID-19 pandemic, lifesaving antiviral therapies must be identified. The number of clinical trials that can be performed is limited. We developed mathematical models to project multiple therapeutic approaches. Our models recapitulate off-treatment viral dynamics and predict a three-phase immune response. Simulated treatment with remdesivir, selinexor, neutralizing antibodies, or cellular immunotherapy demonstrates that rapid viral elimination is possible if in vivo potency is sufficiently high. Therapies dosed soon after peak viral load when symptoms develop may decrease shedding duration and immune response intensity but have little effect on viral area under the curve (AUC), which is driven by high early viral loads. Potent therapy dosed before viral peak during presymptomatic infection could lower AUC. Drug resistance may emerge with a moderately potent agent dosed before viral peak. Our results support early treatment for COVID-19 if shedding duration, not AUC, is most predictive of clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Goyal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua T Schiffer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Goyal A, Cardozo-Ojeda EF, Schiffer JT. Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eabc7112. [PMID: 33097472 PMCID: PMC7679107 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To affect the COVID-19 pandemic, lifesaving antiviral therapies must be identified. The number of clinical trials that can be performed is limited. We developed mathematical models to project multiple therapeutic approaches. Our models recapitulate off-treatment viral dynamics and predict a three-phase immune response. Simulated treatment with remdesivir, selinexor, neutralizing antibodies, or cellular immunotherapy demonstrates that rapid viral elimination is possible if in vivo potency is sufficiently high. Therapies dosed soon after peak viral load when symptoms develop may decrease shedding duration and immune response intensity but have little effect on viral area under the curve (AUC), which is driven by high early viral loads. Potent therapy dosed before viral peak during presymptomatic infection could lower AUC. Drug resistance may emerge with a moderately potent agent dosed before viral peak. Our results support early treatment for COVID-19 if shedding duration, not AUC, is most predictive of clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Goyal
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joshua T Schiffer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Klein Geltink RI, Edwards-Hicks J, Apostolova P, O'Sullivan D, Sanin DE, Patterson AE, Puleston DJ, Ligthart NAM, Buescher JM, Grzes KM, Kabat AM, Stanczak M, Curtis JD, Hässler F, Uhl FM, Fabri M, Zeiser R, Pearce EJ, Pearce EL. Metabolic conditioning of CD8 + effector T cells for adoptive cell therapy. Nat Metab 2020; 2:703-716. [PMID: 32747793 PMCID: PMC10863625 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ effector T (TE) cell proliferation and cytokine production depends on enhanced glucose metabolism. However, circulating T cells continuously adapt to glucose fluctuations caused by diet and inter-organ metabolite exchange. Here we show that transient glucose restriction (TGR) in activated CD8+ TE cells metabolically primes effector functions and enhances tumour clearance in mice. Tumour-specific TGR CD8+ TE cells co-cultured with tumour spheroids in replete conditions display enhanced effector molecule expression, and adoptive transfer of these cells in a murine lymphoma model leads to greater numbers of immunologically functional circulating donor cells and complete tumour clearance. Mechanistically, TE cells treated with TGR undergo metabolic remodelling that, after glucose re-exposure, supports enhanced glucose uptake, increased carbon allocation to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and a cellular redox shift towards a more reduced state-all indicators of a more anabolic programme to support their enhanced functionality. Thus, metabolic conditioning could be used to promote efficiency of T-cell products for adoptive cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon I Klein Geltink
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia / BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Colombia, Canada
| | - Joy Edwards-Hicks
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petya Apostolova
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David O'Sullivan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David E Sanin
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel J Puleston
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina A M Ligthart
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joerg M Buescher
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M Grzes
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka M Kabat
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michal Stanczak
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Curtis
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hässler
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska M Uhl
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Fabri
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Najibi AJ, Mooney DJ. Cell and tissue engineering in lymph nodes for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:42-62. [PMID: 32750376 PMCID: PMC7736208 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, lymph nodes (LNs) coordinate tumor antigen presentation necessary for effective antitumor immunity, both at the levels of local cellular interactions and tissue-level organization. In this review, we examine how LNs may be engineered to improve the therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. At the cellular scale, targeting the LNs impacts the potency of cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive cell transfer. On a tissue level, macro-scale biomaterials mimicking LN features can function as immune niches for cell reprogramming or delivery in vivo, or be utilized in vitro to enable preclinical testing of drugs and vaccines. We additionally review strategies to induce ectopic lymphoid sites reminiscent of LNs that may improve antitumor T cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Najibi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
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21
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Market M, Angka L, Martel AB, Bastin D, Olanubi O, Tennakoon G, Boucher DM, Ng J, Ardolino M, Auer RC. Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1512. [PMID: 32655581 PMCID: PMC7324763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune responders critical for viral clearance and immunomodulation. Despite their vital role in viral infection, the contribution of NK cells in fighting SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been directly investigated. Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities can therefore be inferred from studies assessing NK cell phenotype and function during SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. These studies suggest a reduction in circulating NK cell numbers and/or an exhausted phenotype following infection and hint toward the dampening of NK cell responses by coronaviruses. Reduced circulating NK cell levels and exhaustion may be directly responsible for the progression and severity of COVID-19. Conversely, in light of data linking inflammation with coronavirus disease severity, it is necessary to examine NK cell potential in mediating immunopathology. A common feature of coronavirus infections is that significant morbidity and mortality is associated with lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from an exaggerated immune response, of which NK cells are an important component. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how NK cells respond in both early and late coronavirus infections, and the implication for ongoing COVID-19 clinical trials. Using this immunological lens, we outline recommendations for therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 in clearing the virus while preventing the harm of immunopathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Market
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Leonard Angka
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andre B. Martel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Donald Bastin
- Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Oladunni Olanubi
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gayashan Tennakoon
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dominique M. Boucher
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Juliana Ng
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca C. Auer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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22
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Liedtke K, Alter C, Günther A, Hövelmeyer N, Klopfleisch R, Naumann R, Wunderlich FT, Buer J, Westendorf AM, Hansen W. Endogenous CD83 Expression in CD4 + Conventional T Cells Controls Inflammatory Immune Responses. J Immunol 2020; 204:3217-3226. [PMID: 32341061 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein CD83 is known to be expressed by different immune cells including activated CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+Foxp3- conventional T cells. However, the physiological function of endogenous CD83 in CD4+ T cell subsets is still unclear. In this study, we have generated a new CD83flox mouse line on BALB/c background, allowing for specific ablation of CD83 in T cells upon breeding with CD4-cre mice. Tregs from CD83flox/flox/CD4-cretg/wt mice had similar suppressive activity as Tregs from CD83flox/flox/CD4-crewt/wt wild-type littermates, suggesting that endogenous CD83 expression is dispensable for the inhibitory capacity of Tregs. However, CD83-deficient CD4+ conventional T cells showed elevated proliferation and IFN-γ secretion as well as an enhanced capacity to differentiate into Th1 cells and Th17 cells upon stimulation in vitro. T cell-specific ablation of CD83 expression resulted in aggravated contact hypersensitivity reaction accompanied by enhanced CD4+ T cell activation. Moreover, adoptive transfer of CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells from CD83flox/flox/CD4-cretg /wt mice into Rag2-deficient mice elicited more severe colitis associated with increased serum concentrations of IL-12 and elevated CD40 expression on CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs). Strikingly, DCs from BALB/c mice cocultured with CD83-deficient CD4+ conventional T cells showed enhanced CD40 expression and IL-12 secretion compared with DCs cocultured with CD4+ conventional T cells from CD83flox/flox/CD4-crewt/wt wild-type mice. In summary, these results indicate that endogenous CD83 expression in CD4+ conventional T cells plays a crucial role in controlling CD4+ T cell responses, at least in part, by regulating the activity of CD11c+ DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Liedtke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Alter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Günther
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Medical Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Transgenic Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; and
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
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23
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Kumar SRP, Wang X, Avuthu N, Bertolini TB, Terhorst C, Guda C, Daniell H, Herzog RW. Role of Small Intestine and Gut Microbiome in Plant-Based Oral Tolerance for Hemophilia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 32508814 PMCID: PMC7251037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusion proteins, which consist of factor VIII or factor IX and the transmucosal carrier cholera toxin subunit B, expressed in chloroplasts and bioencapsulated within plant cells, initiate tolerogenic immune responses in the intestine when administered orally. This approach induces regulatory T cells (Treg), which suppress inhibitory antibody formation directed at hemophilia proteins induced by intravenous replacement therapy in hemophilia A and B mice. Further analyses of Treg CD4+ lymphocyte sub-populations in hemophilia B mice reveal a marked increase in the frequency of CD4+CD25-FoxP3-LAP+ T cells (but not of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells) in the lamina propria of the small but not large intestine. The adoptive transfer of very small numbers of CD4+CD25-LAP+ Treg isolated from the spleen of tolerized mice was superior in suppression of antibodies directed against FIX when compared to CD4+CD25+ T cells. Thus, tolerance induction by oral delivery of antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells occurs via the unique immune system of the small intestine, and suppression of antibody formation is primarily carried out by induced latency-associated peptide (LAP) expressing Treg that likely migrate to the spleen. Tolerogenic antigen presentation in the small intestine requires partial enzymatic degradation of plant cell wall by commensal bacteria in order to release the antigen. Microbiome analysis of hemophilia B mice showed marked differences between small and large intestine. Remarkably, bacterial species known to produce a broad spectrum of enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell wall components were found in the small intestine, in particular in the duodenum. These were highly distinct from populations of cell wall degrading bacteria found in the large intestine. Therefore, FIX antigen presentation and Treg induction by the immune system of the small intestine relies on activity of a distinct microbiome that can potentially be augmented to further enhance this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R. P. Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IAPUI, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nagavardhini Avuthu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Thais B. Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IAPUI, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IAPUI, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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24
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Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) serves as an effective strategy to combat HIV infections by suppressing viral replication in patients with HIV/AIDS. However, HAART does not provide HIV/AIDS patients with a sterilizing or functional cure, and introduces several deleterious comorbidities. Moreover, the virus is able to persist within latent reservoirs, both undetected by the immune system and unaffected by HAART, increasing the risk of a viral rebound. The field of immunoengineering, which utilizes varied bioengineering approaches to interact with the immune system and potentiate its therapeutic effects against HIV, is being increasingly investigated in HIV cure research. In particular, nanoparticle-based immunoengineered approaches are especially attractive because they offer advantages including the improved delivery and functionality of classical HIV drugs such as antiretrovirals and experimental drugs such as latency-reversing agents (LRAs), among others. Here, we present and discuss the current state of the field in nanoparticle-based immunoengineering approaches for an HIV cure. Specifically, we discuss nanoparticle-based methods for improving HAART as well as latency reversal, developing vaccines, targeting viral fusion, enhancing gene editing approaches, improving adoptively transferred immune-cell mediated reservoir clearance, and other therapeutic and prevention approaches. Although nanoparticle-based immunoengineered approaches are currently at the stage of preclinical testing, the promising findings obtained in these studies demonstrate the potential of this emerging field for developing an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bowen
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Sweeney
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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25
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Condotta SA, Downey J, Pardy RD, Valbon SF, Tarrab E, Lamarre A, Divangahi M, Richer MJ. Cyclophilin D Regulates Antiviral CD8 + T Cell Survival in a Cell-Extrinsic Manner. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:217-230. [PMID: 32332052 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity is critical for host defense against viruses and requires mitochondria-mediated type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling for optimal protection. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix protein that modulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, but its role in IFN-I signaling and CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection has not been previously explored. In this study, we demonstrate that CypD plays a critical extrinsic role in the survival of Ag-specific CD8+ T cell following acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice. CypD deficiency resulted in reduced IFN-I and increased CD8+ T cell death, resulting in a reduced antiviral CD8+ T cell response. In addition, CypD deficiency was associated with an increase in pathogen burden at an early time-point following infection. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that transfer of wild-type macrophages (expressing CypD) to CypD-deficient mice can partially restore CD8+ T cell responses. These results establish that CypD plays an extrinsic role in regulating optimal effector CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection. Furthermore, this suggests that, under certain circumstances, inhibition of CypD function may have a detrimental impact on the host's ability to respond to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Condotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ryan D Pardy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Stefanie F Valbon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Esther Tarrab
- Laboratoire d'Immunovirologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada; and
| | - Alain Lamarre
- Laboratoire d'Immunovirologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada; and
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada;
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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26
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Davenport BJ, Bullock C, McCarthy MK, Hawman DW, Murphy KM, Kedl RM, Diamond MS, Morrison TE. Chikungunya Virus Evades Antiviral CD8 + T Cell Responses To Establish Persistent Infection in Joint-Associated Tissues. J Virol 2020; 94:e02036-19. [PMID: 32102875 PMCID: PMC7163133 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02036-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes explosive epidemics of a febrile illness characterized by debilitating arthralgia and arthritis that can endure for months to years following infection. In mouse models, CHIKV persists in joint tissues for weeks to months and is associated with chronic synovitis. Using a recombinant CHIKV strain encoding a CD8+ T cell receptor epitope from ovalbumin, as well as a viral peptide-specific major histocompatibility complex class I tetramer, we interrogated CD8+ T cell responses during CHIKV infection. Epitope-specific CD8+ T cells, which were reduced in Batf3-/- and Wdfy4-/- mice with known defects in antigen cross-presentation, accumulated in joint tissue and the spleen. Antigen-specific ex vivo restimulation assays and in vivo killing assays demonstrated that CD8+ T cells produce cytokine and have cytolytic activity. Despite the induction of a virus-specific CD8+ T cell response, the CHIKV burden in joint-associated tissues and the spleen were equivalent in wild-type (WT) and CD8α-/- mice during both the acute and the chronic phases of infection. In comparison, CD8+ T cells were essential for the control of acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in the joint and spleen. Moreover, adoptive transfer of virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells or immunization with a vaccine that induces virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells prior to infection enhanced the clearance of CHIKV infection in the spleen but had a minimal impact on CHIKV infection in the joint. Collectively, these data suggest that CHIKV establishes and maintains a persistent infection in joint-associated tissue in part by evading CD8+ T cell immunity.IMPORTANCE CHIKV is a reemerging mosquito-transmitted virus that in the last decade has spread into Europe, Asia, the Pacific Region, and the Americas. Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness can endure for months to years after CHIKV infection, and epidemics have a severe economic impact. Elucidating the mechanisms by which CHIKV subverts antiviral immunity to establish and maintain a persistent infection may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies against chronic CHIKV disease. In this study, we found that CHIKV establishes and maintains a persistent infection in joint-associated tissue in part by evading antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity. Thus, immunomodulatory therapies that improve CD8+ T cell immune surveillance and clearance of CHIKV infection could be a strategy for mitigating chronic CHIKV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J Davenport
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher Bullock
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary K McCarthy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Goda C, Balli D, Black M, Milewski D, Le T, Ustiyan V, Ren X, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV. Loss of FOXM1 in macrophages promotes pulmonary fibrosis by activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008692. [PMID: 32271749 PMCID: PMC7173935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease with high mortality and is refractory to treatment. Pulmonary macrophages can both promote and repress fibrosis, however molecular mechanisms regulating macrophage functions during fibrosis remain poorly understood. FOXM1 is a transcription factor and is not expressed in quiescent lungs. Herein, we show that FOXM1 is highly expressed in pulmonary macrophages within fibrotic lungs of IPF patients and mouse fibrotic lungs. Macrophage-specific deletion of Foxm1 in mice (myFoxm1-/-) exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis. Inactivation of FOXM1 in vivo and in vitro increased p38 MAPK signaling in macrophages and decreased DUSP1, a negative regulator of p38 MAPK pathway. FOXM1 directly activated Dusp1 promoter. Overexpression of DUSP1 in FOXM1-deficient macrophages prevented activation of p38 MAPK pathway. Adoptive transfer of wild-type monocytes to myFoxm1-/- mice alleviated bleomycin-induced fibrosis. Altogether, contrary to known pro-fibrotic activities in lung epithelium and fibroblasts, FOXM1 has anti-fibrotic function in macrophages by regulating p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Goda
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Balli
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Markaisa Black
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Milewski
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tien Le
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Ustiyan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tanya V. Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, the Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Sdrimas K, Diaz-Paez M, Camargo JF, Lekakis LJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after CAR T therapy. Int J Hematol 2020; 112:118-121. [PMID: 32125605 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) remains a life-threatening central nervous system infection in immunocompromised patients. Although outcomes have improved in cases that immune reconstitution is feasible with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in HIV + patients or natalizumab removal in those with multiple sclerosis, in individuals with hematological malignancies, the prognosis is usually dismal. Anti-viral treatments have been largely ineffective, but immunotherapy-based approaches with checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive virus-specific T cells' transfer are currently explored in clinical trials. PML has not been described as a cause of encephalopathy after CAR T therapy. We report the first case of PML 7 months after lymphodepleting chemotherapy with fludarabine/cyclophosphamide and anti-CD19-directed CAR T therapy in a patient with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who relapsed fast after a previous autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. She remains alive 12 months after diagnosis with stabilization of her symptoms with a combination of therapies targeting viral replication and immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Aged
- Antigens, CD19/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD19/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biological Products
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/etiology
- Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/administration & dosage
- Recurrence
- T-Lymphocytes
- Transplantation, Autologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sdrimas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, US.
| | - Meilin Diaz-Paez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, US
| | - Jose F Camargo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, US
| | - Lazaros J Lekakis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, US
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29
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Martinez-Usatorre A, Carmona SJ, Godfroid C, Yacoub Maroun C, Labiano S, Romero P. Enhanced Phenotype Definition for Precision Isolation of Precursor Exhausted Tumor-Infiltrating CD8 T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:340. [PMID: 32174925 PMCID: PMC7056729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) for cancer treatment, it is crucial to generate in vitro large amounts of tumor-specific CD8 T cells with high potential to persist in vivo. PD-1, Tim3, and CD39 have been proposed as markers of tumor-specific tumor-infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes (CD8 TILs). However, these molecules are highly expressed by terminally differentiated exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex) that lack proliferation potential. Therefore, optimized strategies to isolate tumor-specific TILs with high proliferative potential, such as Tcf1+ precursor exhausted T cells (Tpe) are needed to improve in vivo persistence of ACT. Here we aimed at defining cell surface markers that would unequivocally identify Types for precision cell sorting increasing the purity of tumor-specific PD-1+ Tcf1+ Tpe from total TILs. Transcriptomic analysis of Tpe vs. Tex CD8 TIL subsets from B16 tumors and primary human melanoma tumors revealed that Tpes are enriched in Slamf6 and lack Entpd1 and Havcr2 expression, which encode Slamf6, CD39, and Tim3 cell surface proteins, respectively. Indeed, we observed by flow cytometry that CD39- Tim3- Slamf6+ PD-1+ cells yielded maximum enrichment for tumor specific PD-1+ Tcf1+ OT1 TILs in B16.OVA tumors. Moreover, this population showed higher re-expansion capacity upon an acute infection recall response compared to the CD39+ counterparts or bulk PD-1+ TILs. Hence, we report an enhanced sorting strategy (CD39- Tim3- Slamf6+ PD-1+) of Tpes. In conclusion, we show that optimization of CD8 TIL cell sorting strategy is a viable approach to improve recall capacity and in vivo persistence of transferred cells in the context of ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santiago J. Carmona
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Céline Godfroid
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Céline Yacoub Maroun
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sara Labiano
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
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30
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Judge SJ, Yanagisawa M, Sturgill IR, Bateni SB, Gingrich AA, Foltz JA, Lee DA, Modiano JF, Monjazeb AM, Culp WTN, Rebhun RB, Murphy WJ, Kent MS, Canter RJ. Blood and tissue biomarker analysis in dogs with osteosarcoma treated with palliative radiation and intra-tumoral autologous natural killer cell transfer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224775. [PMID: 32084139 PMCID: PMC7034869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported radiation-induced sensitization of canine osteosarcoma (OSA) to natural killer (NK) therapy, including results from a first-in-dog clinical trial. Here, we report correlative analyses of blood and tissue specimens for signals of immune activation in trial subjects. Among 10 dogs treated with palliative radiotherapy (RT) and intra-tumoral adoptive NK transfer, we performed ELISA on serum cytokines, flow cytometry for immune phenotype of PBMCs, and PCR on tumor tissue for immune-related gene expression. We then queried The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to evaluate the association of cytotoxic/immune-related gene expression with human sarcoma survival. Updated survival analysis revealed five 6-month survivors, including one dog who lived 17.9 months. Using feeder line co-culture for NK expansion, we observed maximal activation of dog NK cells on day 17-19 post isolation with near 100% expression of granzyme B and NKp46 and high cytotoxic function in the injected NK product. Among dogs on trial, we observed a trend for higher baseline serum IL-6 to predict worse lung metastasis-free and overall survival (P = 0.08). PCR analysis revealed low absolute gene expression of CD3, CD8, and NKG2D in untreated OSA. Among treated dogs, there was marked heterogeneity in the expression of immune-related genes pre- and post-treatment, but increases in CD3 and CD8 gene expression were higher among dogs that lived > 6 months compared to those who did not. Analysis of the TCGA confirmed significant differences in survival among human sarcoma patients with high and low expression of genes associated with greater immune activation and cytotoxicity (CD3e, CD8a, IFN-γ, perforin, and CD122/IL-2 receptor beta). Updated results from a first-in-dog clinical trial of palliative RT and autologous NK cell immunotherapy for OSA illustrate the translational relevance of companion dogs for novel cancer therapies. Similar to human studies, analyses of immune markers from canine serum, PBMCs, and tumor tissue are feasible and provide insight into potential biomarkers of response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Judge
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Mio Yanagisawa
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Ian R. Sturgill
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah B. Bateni
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Alicia A. Gingrich
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Foltz
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dean A. Lee
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Cancer Care and Research Center, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Arta M. Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - William T. N. Culp
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Rebhun
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Murphy
- Distinguished Professor of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Vice Chair of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Kent
- The Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
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31
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Tóth G, Szöllősi J, Abken H, Vereb G, Szöőr Á. A Small Number of HER2 Redirected CAR T Cells Significantly Improves Immune Response of Adoptively Transferred Mouse Lymphocytes against Human Breast Cancer Xenografts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031039. [PMID: 32033208 PMCID: PMC7038081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 positive JIMT-1 breast tumors are resistant to trastuzumab treatment in vitro and develop resistance to trastuzumab in vivo in SCID mice. We explored whether these resistant tumors could still be eliminated by T cells redirected by a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing a CD28 costimulatory domain and targeting HER2 with a trastuzumab-derived scFv. In vitro, T cells engineered with this HER2 specific CAR recognized HER2 positive target cells as judged by cytokine production and cytolytic activity. In vivo, the administration of trastuzumab twice weekly had no effect on the growth of JIMT-1 xenografts in SCID mice. At the same time, a single dose of 2.5 million T cells from congenic mice exhibited a moderate xenoimmune response and even stable disease in some cases. In contrast, when the same dose contained 7% (175,000) CAR T cells, complete remission was achieved in 57 days. Even a reduced dose of 250,000 T cells, including only 17,500 CAR T cells, yielded complete remission, although it needed nearly twice the time. We conclude that even a small number of CAR T lymphocytes can evoke a robust anti-tumor response against an antibody resistant xenograft by focusing the activity of xenogenic T cells. This observation may have significance for optimizing the dose of CAR T cells in the therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tóth
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (J.S.)
| | - János Szöllősi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (J.S.)
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology, Dept. Genetic Immunotherapy, and University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - György Vereb
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (J.S.)
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (A.S.); Tel.: +36-52-258-603 (G.V. & A.S.)
| | - Árpád Szöőr
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.T.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.V.); (A.S.); Tel.: +36-52-258-603 (G.V. & A.S.)
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32
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Hanajiri R, Sani GM, Saunders D, Hanley PJ, Chopra A, Mallal SA, Sosnovtsev SV, Cohen JI, Green KY, Bollard CM, Keller MD. Generation of Norovirus-Specific T Cells From Human Donors With Extensive Cross-Reactivity to Variant Sequences: Implications for Immunotherapy. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:578-588. [PMID: 31562500 PMCID: PMC7325618 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic norovirus infection in immunocompromised patients can be severe, and presently there is no effective treatment. Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells has proven to be safe and effective for the treatment of many viral infections, and this could represent a novel treatment approach for chronic norovirus infection. Hence, we sought to generate human norovirus-specific T cells (NSTs) that can recognize different viral sequences. METHODS Norovirus-specific T cells were generated from peripheral blood of healthy donors by stimulation with overlapping peptide libraries spanning the entire coding sequence of the norovirus genome. RESULTS We successfully generated T cells targeting multiple norovirus antigens with a mean 4.2 ± 0.5-fold expansion after 10 days. Norovirus-specific T cells comprised both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that expressed markers for central memory and effector memory phenotype with minimal expression of coinhibitory molecules, and they were polyfunctional based on cytokine production. We identified novel CD4- and CD8-restricted immunodominant epitopes within NS6 and VP1 antigens. Furthermore, NSTs showed a high degree of cross-reactivity to multiple variant epitopes from clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify immunodominant human norovirus T-cell epitopes and demonstrate that it is feasible to generate potent NSTs from third-party donors for use in antiviral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hanajiri
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gelina M Sani
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Devin Saunders
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stanislav V Sosnovtsev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kim Y Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michael D Keller
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Gliwiński M, Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ D, Wołoszyn-Durkiewicz A, Tarnowska M, Żalińska M, Hennig M, Zielińska H, Dukat-Mazurek A, Zielkowska-Dębska J, Zieliński M, Jaźwińska-Curyłło A, Owczuk R, Jarosz-Chobot P, Bossowski A, Szadkowska A, Młynarski W, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Moszkowska G, Siebert J, Myśliwiec M, Trzonkowski P. Proinsulin-specific T regulatory cells may control immune responses in type 1 diabetes: implications for adoptive therapy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000873. [PMID: 32098895 PMCID: PMC7206972 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here we looked for possible mechanisms regulating the progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this disease, autoaggressive T cells (T conventional cells, Tconvs) not properly controlled by T regulatory cells (Tregs) destroy pancreatic islets. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We compared the T-cell compartment of patients with newly diagnosed T1DM (NDT1DM) with long-duration T1DM (LDT1DM) ones. The third group consisted of patients with LDT1DM treated previously with polyclonal Tregs (LDT1DM with Tregs). We have also looked if the differences might be dependent on the antigen specificity of Tregs expanded for clinical use and autologous sentinel Tconvs. RESULTS Patients with LDT1DM were characterized by T-cell immunosenescence-like changes and expansion of similar vβ/T-cell receptor (TCR) clones in Tconvs and Tregs. The treatment with Tregs was associated with some inhibition of these effects. Patients with LDT1DM possessed an increased percentage of various proinsulin-specific T cells but not GAD65-specific ones. The percentages of all antigen-specific subsets were higher in the expansion cultures than in the peripheral blood. The proliferation was more intense in proinsulin-specific Tconvs than in specific Tregs but the levels of some proinsulin-specific Tregs were exceptionally high at baseline and remained higher in the expanded clinical product than the levels of respective Tconvs in sentinel cultures. CONCLUSIONS T1DM is associated with immunosenescence-like changes and reduced diversity of T-cell clones. Preferential expansion of the same TCR families in both Tconvs and Tregs suggests a common trigger/autoantigen responsible. Interestingly, the therapy with polyclonal Tregs was associated with some inhibition of these effects. Proinsulin-specific Tregs appeared to be dominant in the immune responses in patients with T1DM and probably associated with better control over respective autoimmune Tconvs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EudraCT 2014-004319-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gliwiński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wołoszyn-Durkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żalińska
- Department of Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Matylda Hennig
- Department of Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hanna Zielińska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Dukat-Mazurek
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Zieliński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Owczuk
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Peadiatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szadkowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Paediatrics, Oncology, and Haematology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- Department of Family Medicine, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Poltreg S.A, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grażyna Moszkowska
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Siebert
- Department of Family Medicine, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Myśliwiec
- Department of Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Poltreg S.A, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Poltreg S.A, Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract
Recent advances in the development of gene editing technologies, especially the CRISPR/Cas 9 system, have substantially enhanced our ability to make precise and efficient changes in the genomes of various cells. In particular, the genetic engineering of T cells holds huge potential to improve the efficacy and safety of T cells-based cancer therapy. Due to its ease of use and high efficiency, CRISPR/Cas9 enables efficient gene knockout, site-specific knock-in, and genome-wide screen in T cells. Here we review the current progress of applying gene editing to T-cell therapy, focusing on the technical aspects of the CRISPR/Cas9 platform. We also discuss the challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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35
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Schloemer NJ, Abel AM, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. In Vivo Assessment of NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity by Adoptively Transferred Splenocyte Rejection. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2097:115-123. [PMID: 31776923 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0203-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are innate lymphocytes that are vital to clearance of virally infected or malignantly transformed cells. Assessment of the cytotoxic response is an important component of NK cell research and investigation of human disease. Standard assays of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity of CD107a degranulation or 51Cr release assay utilize cultured or freshly isolated NK cell populations in vitro. In addition to requirements to maintain multiple target cell lines and radioactivity precautions in the case of 51Cr, these are in vitro evaluations of a complex in vivo function. Here, we describe the in vivo assessment of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity through the adoptive transfer of splenocytes and their subsequent rejection. This protocol offers rapid, quantitative, and concurrent assessment of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the prototypic NK stimulations of "missing-self" and "nonself."
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Schloemer
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alex M Abel
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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36
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using 89Zr is a clinically relevant imaging modality that enables long-term monitoring of adoptively transferred immune cells. This article describes a two-step radiometal labeling procedure utilizing the bifunctional siderophore p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine (DFO-Bz-NCS) that chelates 89Zr with high affinity and binds covalently to primary amines of cell-surface proteins via its isothiocyanate moiety. Cells labeled with 89Zr-DFO-Bz-NCS remain viable and retain the radiolabel, enabling repetitive PET imaging of adoptively transferred immune cells with high sensitivity and specificity for up to 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer M Najjar
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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37
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Etxeberria I, Bolaños E, Quetglas JI, Gros A, Villanueva A, Palomero J, Sánchez-Paulete AR, Piulats JM, Matias-Guiu X, Olivera I, Ochoa MC, Labiano S, Garasa S, Rodriguez I, Vidal A, Mancheño U, Hervás-Stubbs S, Azpilikueta A, Otano I, Aznar MA, Sanmamed MF, Inogés S, Berraondo P, Teijeira Á, Melero I. Intratumor Adoptive Transfer of IL-12 mRNA Transiently Engineered Antitumor CD8 + T Cells. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:613-629.e7. [PMID: 31761658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral gene transfer of interleukin-12 (IL-12) into T cells markedly enhances antitumor efficacy upon adoptive transfer but has clinically shown unacceptable severe side effects. To overcome the toxicity, we engineered tumor-specific CD8+ T cells to transiently express IL-12. Engineered T cells injected intratumorally, but not intravenously, led to complete rejections not only of the injected lesion but also of distant concomitant tumors. Efficacy was further enhanced by co-injection with agonist anti-CD137 mAb or by transient co-expression of CD137 ligand. This treatment induced epitope spreading of the endogenous CD8+ T cell immune response in a manner dependent on cDC1 dendritic cells. Mouse and human tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte cultures can be transiently IL-12 engineered to attain marked immunotherapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Etxeberria
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elixabet Bolaños
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Quetglas
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alena Gros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (V.H.I.O.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Program against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jara Palomero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (V.H.I.O.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso R Sánchez-Paulete
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose María Piulats
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Program against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRB-Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Olivera
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C Ochoa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Labiano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saray Garasa
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rodriguez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Uxua Mancheño
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervás-Stubbs
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantza Azpilikueta
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Otano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Angela Aznar
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Inogés
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Avenida de Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Strizova Z, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. The challenges of adoptive cell transfer in the treatment of human renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1831-1838. [PMID: 31222485 PMCID: PMC11028041 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urologic malignancies. Its incidence continues to rise worldwide with a rate of 2% per year. Approximately, one-third of the RCC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages due to the asymptomatic nature of its early stages. This represents a great hurdle, since RCC is largely chemoresistant/radioresistant, and targeted therapy of mRCC still has limited efficacy. The 5-year survival rate of metastatic RCC (mRCC) is only around 10%. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), a particular form of cell-based anticancer immunotherapy, is a promising approach in the treatment of mRCC. The vaccination principle, however, faces unique challenges that preclude the efficacy of ACT. In this article, we review the main challenges of ACT in the treatment of mRCC and describe multiple methods that can be used to overcome these challenges. In this respect, the ultimate purpose of this review is to provide a descriptive tool by which to improve the development of novel protocols for ACT of mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strizova
- Institute of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Institute of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Institute of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
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39
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Pomeroy EJ, Hunzeker JT, Kluesner MG, Lahr WS, Smeester BA, Crosby MR, Lonetree CL, Yamamoto K, Bendzick L, Miller JS, Geller MA, Walcheck B, Felices M, Webber BR, Starr TK, Moriarity BS. A Genetically Engineered Primary Human Natural Killer Cell Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2019; 28:52-63. [PMID: 31704085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity by blocking inhibitory signaling could lead to improved NK-based cancer immunotherapy. Thus, we have developed a highly efficient method for editing the genome of human NK cells using CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out inhibitory signaling molecules. Our method efficiently edits up to 90% of primary peripheral blood NK cells. As a proof-of-principle we demonstrate highly efficient knockout of ADAM17 and PDCD1, genes that have a functional impact on NK cells, and demonstrate that these gene-edited NK cells have significantly improved activity, cytokine production, and cancer cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we were able to expand cells to clinically relevant numbers, without loss of activity. We also demonstrate that our CRISPR/Cas9 method can be used for efficient knockin of genes by delivering homologous recombination template DNA using recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 6 (rAAV6). Our platform represents a feasible method for generating engineered primary NK cells as a universal therapeutic for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Pomeroy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John T Hunzeker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mitchell G Kluesner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Walker S Lahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden A Smeester
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Margaret R Crosby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cara-Lin Lonetree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura Bendzick
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Melissa A Geller
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martin Felices
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beau R Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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40
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Gu G, Yang JZ, Zhang JQ, Sun LX. Regulatory T cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: From the lab to the clinic. Cell Immunol 2019; 346:103991. [PMID: 31607390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curable strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies and nonmalignant diseases. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and relapse are still two major causes of morbidity and mortality after allo-HSCT, and both restrict the improvement of transplant outcomes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been successfully used in allo-SCT settings. In this review, we summarize recent advances in experimental studies that have evaluated the roles played by Tregs in the establishment of novel transplant modalities, the prevention of GVHD and the enhancement of immune reconstitution. We also discuss the application of Tregs in clinical to prevent acute GVHD, treat chronic GVHD, as well as enhance immune reconstitution and decrease leukemia relapse, all of which lead to improving transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Zhu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Xia Sun
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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41
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Kelemen RK, Rajakaruna H, Cockburn IA, Ganusov VV. Clustering of Activated CD8 T Cells Around Malaria-Infected Hepatocytes Is Rapid and Is Driven by Antigen-Specific Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2153. [PMID: 31616407 PMCID: PMC6764016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria, a disease caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus, begins when Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes inject malaria sporozoites while searching for blood. Sporozoites migrate from the skin via blood to the liver, infect hepatocytes, and form liver stages which in mice 48 h later escape into blood and cause clinical malaria. Vaccine-induced activated or memory CD8 T cells are capable of locating and eliminating all liver stages in 48 h, thus preventing the blood-stage disease. However, the rules of how CD8 T cells are able to locate all liver stages within a relatively short time period remains poorly understood. We recently reported formation of clusters consisting of variable numbers of activated CD8 T cells around Plasmodium yoelii (Py)-infected hepatocytes. Using a combination of experimental data and mathematical models we now provide additional insights into mechanisms of formation of these clusters. First, we show that a model in which cluster formation is driven exclusively by T-cell-extrinsic factors, such as variability in "attractiveness" of different liver stages, cannot explain distribution of cluster sizes in different experimental conditions. In contrast, the model in which cluster formation is driven by the positive feedback loop (i.e., larger clusters attract more CD8 T cells) can accurately explain the available data. Second, while both Py-specific CD8 T cells and T cells of irrelevant specificity (non-specific CD8 T cells) are attracted to the clusters, we found no evidence that non-specific CD8 T cells play a role in cluster formation. Third and finally, mathematical modeling suggested that formation of clusters occurs rapidly, within few hours after adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells, thus illustrating high efficiency of CD8 T cells in locating their targets in complex peripheral organs, such as the liver. Taken together, our analysis provides novel insights into and attempts to discriminate between alternative mechanisms driving the formation of clusters of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka K. Kelemen
- Institute of Science and Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Harshana Rajakaruna
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ian A. Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Vitaly V. Ganusov
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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42
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune cells selectively destroy the pancreatic beta (β) cells and results in the deficiency of insulin production. The optimal treatment strategy for T1D should be preventing of β-cell destruction in the pancreas. The purpose of this review is to discuss the immunological therapeutic mechanisms that will help to understand the development and control of β-cell destruction. The review also presents a novel method for development of autoantigen (Ag)-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) for T1D immunotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS Pancreatic-resident Tregs have the ability to dramatically suppress hyperactive immune cells. Islet cell transplantation is another attractive approach to replace the failed β cells. Due to the limited source of islet cells, research is going on in the use of animal cells and adult stem cells that may be derived from the patient's own body to produce β cells for transplantation. The mechanism behind the pancreatic β-cell destruction is largely unknown. In this review, a novel approach for the generation of tissue-associated Tregs from stem cells is considered. The stem cell-derived tissue-associated Tregs have the ability to home to the damaged pancreas to prevent the destruction. The review also provides new insights on the mechanism on how these suppressive immune cells protect the pancreas from the destruction of autoimmune cells. A novel method to develop functional auto Ag-specific Tregs that are derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), i.e., iPSC-Tregs, is discussed. Adoptive transfer of the iPSC-Tregs can substantially suppress T1D development in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haque
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 1359 TAMU, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, MREB 2, Bryan, TX, 77807-3260, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 1359 TAMU, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, MREB 2, Bryan, TX, 77807-3260, USA
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 1359 TAMU, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, MREB 2, Bryan, TX, 77807-3260, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 1359 TAMU, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, MREB 2, Bryan, TX, 77807-3260, USA.
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43
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Moffett HF, Harms CK, Fitzpatrick KS, Tooley MR, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Taylor JJ. B cells engineered to express pathogen-specific antibodies protect against infection. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaax0644. [PMID: 31101673 PMCID: PMC6913193 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective vaccines inducing lifelong protection against many important infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), HIV, influenza virus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are not yet available despite decades of research. As an alternative to a protective vaccine, we developed a genetic engineering strategy in which CRISPR-Cas9 was used to replace endogenously encoded antibodies with antibodies targeting RSV, HIV, influenza virus, or EBV in primary human B cells. The engineered antibodies were expressed efficiently in primary B cells under the control of endogenous regulatory elements, which maintained normal antibody expression and secretion. Using engineered mouse B cells, we demonstrated that a single transfer of B cells engineered to express an antibody against RSV resulted in potent and durable protection against RSV infection in RAG1-deficient mice. This approach offers the opportunity to achieve sterilizing immunity against pathogens for which traditional vaccination has failed to induce or maintain protective antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howell F Moffett
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Carson K Harms
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kristin S Fitzpatrick
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marti R Tooley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N. Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 1510 San Juan Road, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Nowicki TS, Berent-Maoz B, Cheung-Lau G, Huang RR, Wang X, Tsoi J, Kaplan-Lefko P, Cabrera P, Tran J, Pang J, Macabali M, Garcilazo IP, Carretero IB, Kalbasi A, Cochran AJ, Grasso CS, Hu-Lieskovan S, Chmielowski B, Comin-Anduix B, Singh A, Ribas A. A Pilot Trial of the Combination of Transgenic NY-ESO-1-reactive Adoptive Cellular Therapy with Dendritic Cell Vaccination with or without Ipilimumab. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2096-2108. [PMID: 30573690 PMCID: PMC6445780 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transgenic adoptive cell therapy (ACT) targeting the tumor antigen NY-ESO-1 can be effective for the treatment of sarcoma and melanoma. Preclinical models have shown that this therapy can be improved with the addition of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination and immune checkpoint blockade. We studied the safety, feasibility, and antitumor efficacy of transgenic ACT with DC vaccination, with and without CTLA-4 blockade with ipilimumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS Freshly prepared autologous NY-ESO-1-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic lymphocytes were adoptively transferred together with NY-ESO-1 peptide-pulsed DC vaccination in HLA-A2.1-positive subjects alone (ESO, NCT02070406) or with ipilimumab (INY, NCT01697527) in patients with advanced sarcoma or melanoma. RESULTS Six patients were enrolled in the ESO cohort, and four were enrolled in the INY cohort. Four out of six patients treated per ESO (66%), and two out of four patients treated per INY (50%) displayed evidence of tumor regression. Peripheral blood reconstitution with NY-ESO-1-specific T cells peaked within 2 weeks of ACT, indicating rapid in vivo expansion. Tracking of transgenic T cells to the tumor sites was demonstrated in on-treatment biopsies via TCR sequencing. Multiparametric mass cytometry of transgenic cells demonstrated shifting of transgenic cells from memory phenotypes to more terminally differentiated effector phenotypes over time. CONCLUSIONS ACT of fresh NY-ESO-1 transgenic T cells prepared via a short ex vivo protocol and given with DC vaccination, with or without ipilimumab, is feasible and results in transient antitumor activity, with no apparent clinical benefit of the addition of ipilimumab. Improvements are needed to maintain tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S Nowicki
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beata Berent-Maoz
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gardenia Cheung-Lau
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rong Rong Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Tsoi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paula Kaplan-Lefko
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paula Cabrera
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Justin Tran
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jia Pang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mignonette Macabali
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivan Perez Garcilazo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ignacio Baselga Carretero
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anusha Kalbasi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alistair J Cochran
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catherine S Grasso
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Begoña Comin-Anduix
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Tendeiro Rego R, Morris EC, Lowdell MW. T-cell receptor gene-modified cells: past promises, present methodologies and future challenges. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:341-357. [PMID: 30655164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy constitutes an exciting and rapidly evolving field, and the demonstration that genetically modified T-cell receptors (TCRs) can be used to produce T-lymphocyte populations of desired specificity offers new opportunities for antigen-specific T-cell therapy. Overall, TCR-modified T cells have the ability to target a wide variety of self and non-self targets through the normal biology of a T cell. Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted and dependent on co-receptors, genetically engineered TCRs still present a number of characteristics that ensure they are an important alternative strategy to chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), and high-affinity TCRs can now be successfully engineered with the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse events. This review will focus on the main characteristics of TCR gene-modified cells, their potential clinical application and promise to the field of adoptive cell transfer (ACT), basic manufacturing procedures and characterization protocols and overall challenges that need to be overcome so that redirection of TCR specificity may be successfully translated into clinical practice, beyond early-phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tendeiro Rego
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK; Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma C Morris
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Mark W Lowdell
- UCL Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, London, UK
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Friedman J, Padget M, Lee J, Schlom J, Hodge J, Allen C. Direct and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by high-affinity natural killer cells. Oral Oncol 2019; 90:38-44. [PMID: 30846174 PMCID: PMC6410731 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High affinity natural killer cells (haNKs) are a cell therapy product capable of mediating both direct and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). These cells may be particularly useful in tumors that escape T-cell anti-tumor immunity by harboring antigen processing and presentation defects. Here, we demonstrated that haNKs directly kill both HPV-positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Variable tumor cell sensitivity to haNK direct cytotoxicity did not correlated with MHC class I chain-related protein A or B (MICA or MICB) expression. Importantly, haNK killing was significantly enhanced via ADCC mediated by cetuximab or avelumab in cells with higher baseline EGFR or PD-L1 expression, respectively. The ability of IFNγ to induce tumor cell PD-L1 expression correlated with enhanced PD-L1-specific ADCC. IFNγ induced neither tumor cell EGFR expression nor EGFR-specific ADCC. Although a single dose of 8 Gy IR did not appear to directly enhance susceptibility to haNK killing alone, enhanced PD-L1- and EGFR-mediated ADCC after IR correlated with increased PD-L1 and EGFR expression in one of four models. This pre-clinical evidence supports the investigation of haNK cellular therapy in combination with ADCC-mediating mAbs, with or without IR, in the clinical trial setting for patients with advanced HNSCCs. Given the MHC-unrestricted nature of this treatment, it may represent an opportunity to treat patients with non-T-cell inflamed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Friedman
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institutes on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Padget
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John Lee
- NantKWest, Culver City, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clint Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, National Institutes on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Strachan BC, Xia H, Vörös E, Gifford SC, Shevkoplyas SS. Improved expansion of T cells in culture when isolated with an equipment-free, high-throughput, flow-through microfluidic module versus traditional density gradient centrifugation. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:234-245. [PMID: 30660490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The isolation of lymphocytes - and removal of platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells (RBCs) - from an initial blood sample prior to culture is a key enabling step for effective manufacture of cellular therapies. Unfortunately, currently available methods suffer from various drawbacks, including low cell recovery, need for complex equipment, potential loss of sterility and/or high materials/labor cost. METHODS A newly developed system for selectively concentrating leukocytes within precisely designed, but readily fabricated, microchannels was compared with conventional density gradient centrifugation with respect to: (i) ability to recover lymphocytes while removing PLTs/RBCs and (ii) growth rate and overall cell yield once expanded in culture. RESULTS In the optimal embodiment of the new microfluidic approach, recoveries of CD3+, CD19+ and CD56+ cells (85%, 89% and 97%, respectively) were significantly higher than for paired samples processed via gradient-based separation (51%, 53% and 40%). Although the removal of residual PLTs and RBCs was lower using the new approach, its enriched T-cell fraction nevertheless grew at a significantly higher rate than the gradient-isolated cells, with approximately twice the cumulative cell yield observed after 7 days of culture. DISCUSSION The standardization of each step of cellular therapy manufacturing would enable an accelerated translation of research breakthroughs into widely available clinical treatments. The high-throughput approach described in this study - requiring no ancillary pumping mechanism nor expensive disposables to operate - may be a viable candidate to standardize and streamline the initial isolation of lymphocytes for culture while also potentially shortening the time required for their expansion into a therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony C Strachan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hui Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eszter Vörös
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean C Gifford
- Halcyon Biomedical Incorporated, Friendswood, Texas, USA
| | - Sergey S Shevkoplyas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Bedford JG, O’Keeffe M, Reading PC, Wakim LM. Rapid interferon independent expression of IFITM3 following T cell activation protects cells from influenza virus infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210132. [PMID: 30650117 PMCID: PMC6334895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a potent antiviral protein that enhances cellular resistance to a variety of pathogens, including influenza virus. Classically defined as an interferon-stimulated gene, expression of IFITM3 on cells is rapidly up-regulated in response to type I and II interferon. Here we found that IFITM3 is rapidly up-regulated by T cells following their activation and this occurred independently of type I and II interferon and the interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7. Up-regulation of IFITM3 on effector T cells protected these cells from virus infection and imparted a survival advantage at sites of virus infection. Our results show that IFITM3 expression on effector T cells is crucial for these cells to mediate their effector function and highlights an interferon independent pathway for the induction of IFITM3 which, if targeted, could be an effective approach to harness the activity of IFITM3 for infection prevention.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dogs
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/genetics
- Interferons/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Primary Cell Culture
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Bedford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meredith O’Keeffe
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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49
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Morandi F, Horenstein AL, Costa F, Giuliani N, Pistoia V, Malavasi F. CD38: A Target for Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2722. [PMID: 30546360 PMCID: PMC6279879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer characterized by proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). MM represents the second most frequent hematological malignancy, accounting 1% of all cancer and 13% of hematological tumors, with ~9,000 new cases per year. Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and asymptomatic smoldering MM (SMM) usually evolve to active MM in the presence of increased tumor burden, symptoms and organ damage. Despite the role of high dose chemotherapy in combination with autologous stem cell transplantation and the introduction of new treatments, the prognosis of MM patients is still poor, and novel therapeutic approaches have been tested in the last years, including new immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). CD38 is a glycoprotein with ectoenzymatic functions, which is expressed on plasma cells and other lymphoid and myeloid cell populations. Since its expression is very high and uniform on myeloma cells, CD38 is a good target for novel therapeutic strategies. Among them, immunotherapy represents a promising approach. Here, we summarized recent findings regarding CD38-targeted immunotherapy of MM in pre-clinical models and clinical trials, including (i) mAbs (daratumumab and isatuximab), (ii) radioimmunotherapy, and (iii) adoptive cell therapy, using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transfected T cells specific for CD38. Finally, we discussed the efficacy and possible limitations of these therapeutic approaches for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Stem Cell Laboratory and Cell Therapy Center, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto L. Horenstein
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federica Costa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- CeRMS, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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50
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Weiden J, Voerman D, Dölen Y, Das RK, van Duffelen A, Hammink R, Eggermont LJ, Rowan AE, Tel J, Figdor CG. Injectable Biomimetic Hydrogels as Tools for Efficient T Cell Expansion and Delivery. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2798. [PMID: 30546367 PMCID: PMC6279891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial-based scaffolds are promising tools for controlled immunomodulation. They can be applied as three dimensional (3D) culture systems in vitro, whereas in vivo they may be used to dictate cellular localization and exert spatiotemporal control over cues presented to the immune system. As such, scaffolds can be exploited to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies such as adoptive T cell transfer, in which localization and persistence of tumor-specific T cells dictates treatment outcome. Biomimetic polyisocyanopeptide (PIC) hydrogels are polymeric scaffolds with beneficial characteristics as they display reversible thermally-induced gelation at temperatures above 16°C, which allows for their minimally invasive delivery via injection. Moreover, incorporation of azide-terminated monomers introduces functional handles that can be exploited to include immune cell-modulating cues. Here, we explore the potential of synthetic PIC hydrogels to promote the in vitro expansion and in vivo local delivery of pre-activated T cells. We found that PIC hydrogels support the survival and vigorous expansion of pre-stimulated T cells in vitro even at high cell densities, highlighting their potential as 3D culture systems for efficient expansion of T cells for their adoptive transfer. In particular, the reversible thermo-sensitive behavior of the PIC scaffolds favors straightforward recovery of cells. PIC hydrogels that were injected subcutaneously gelated instantly in vivo, after which a confined 3D structure was formed that remained localized for at least 4 weeks. Importantly, we noticed no signs of inflammation, indicating that PIC hydrogels are non-immunogenic. Cells co-delivered with PIC polymers were encapsulated within the scaffold in vivo. Cells egressed gradually from the PIC gel and migrated into distant organs. This confirms that PIC hydrogels can be used to locally deliver cells within a supportive environment. These results demonstrate that PIC hydrogels are highly promising for both the in vitro expansion and in vivo delivery of pre-activated T cells. Covalent attachment of biomolecules onto azide-functionalized PIC polymers provides the opportunity to steer the phenotype, survival or functional response of the adoptively transferred cells. As such, PIC hydrogels can be used as valuable tools to improve current adoptive T cell therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorieke Weiden
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dion Voerman
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yusuf Dölen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rajat K. Das
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Anne van Duffelen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roel Hammink
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Loek J. Eggermont
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alan E. Rowan
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Oncode Institute, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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