1
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Menon T, Illing PT, Chaurasia P, McQuilten HA, Shepherd C, Rowntree LC, Petersen J, Littler DR, Khuu G, Huang Z, Allen LF, Rockman S, Crowe J, Flanagan KL, Wakim LM, Nguyen THO, Mifsud NA, Rossjohn J, Purcell AW, van de Sandt CE, Kedzierska K. CD8 + T-cell responses towards conserved influenza B virus epitopes across anatomical sites and age. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3387. [PMID: 38684663 PMCID: PMC11059233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBVs) cause substantive morbidity and mortality, and yet immunity towards IBVs remains understudied. CD8+ T-cells provide broadly cross-reactive immunity and alleviate disease severity by recognizing conserved epitopes. Despite the IBV burden, only 18 IBV-specific T-cell epitopes restricted by 5 HLAs have been identified currently. A broader array of conserved IBV T-cell epitopes is needed to develop effective cross-reactive T-cell based IBV vaccines. Here we identify 9 highly conserved IBV CD8+ T-cell epitopes restricted to HLA-B*07:02, HLA-B*08:01 and HLA-B*35:01. Memory IBV-specific tetramer+CD8+ T-cells are present within blood and tissues. Frequencies of IBV-specific CD8+ T-cells decline with age, but maintain a central memory phenotype. HLA-B*07:02 and HLA-B*08:01-restricted NP30-38 epitope-specific T-cells have distinct T-cell receptor repertoires. We provide structural basis for the IBV HLA-B*07:02-restricted NS1196-206 (11-mer) and HLA-B*07:02-restricted NP30-38 epitope presentation. Our study increases the number of IBV CD8+ T-cell epitopes, and defines IBV-specific CD8+ T-cells at cellular and molecular levels, across tissues and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Menon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia T Illing
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chloe Shepherd
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dene R Littler
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Grace Khuu
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- CSL Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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2
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Foo IJH, Chua BY, Clemens EB, Chang SY, Jia X, McQuilten HA, Yap AHY, Cabug AF, Ashayeripanah M, McWilliam HEG, Villadangos JA, Evrard M, Mackay LK, Wakim LM, Fazakerley JK, Kedzierska K, Kedzierski L. Prior infection with unrelated neurotropic virus exacerbates influenza disease and impairs lung T cell responses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2619. [PMID: 38521764 PMCID: PMC10960853 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunity to infectious diseases is predominantly studied by measuring immune responses towards a single pathogen, although co-infections are common. In-depth mechanisms on how co-infections impact anti-viral immunity are lacking, but are highly relevant to treatment and prevention. We established a mouse model of co-infection with unrelated viruses, influenza A (IAV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV), causing disease in different organ systems. SFV infection eight days before IAV infection results in prolonged IAV replication, elevated cytokine/chemokine levels and exacerbated lung pathology. This is associated with impaired lung IAV-specific CD8+ T cell responses, stemming from suboptimal CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation in draining lymph nodes, and dendritic cell paralysis. Prior SFV infection leads to increased blood brain barrier permeability and presence of IAV RNA in brain, associated with increased trafficking of IAV-specific CD8+ T cells and establishment of long-term tissue-resident memory. Relative to lung IAV-specific CD8+ T cells, brain memory IAV-specific CD8+ T cells have increased TCR repertoire diversity within immunodominant DbNP366+CD8+ and DbPA224+CD8+ responses, featuring suboptimal TCR clonotypes. Overall, our study demonstrates that infection with an unrelated neurotropic virus perturbs IAV-specific immune responses and exacerbates IAV disease. Our work provides key insights into therapy and vaccine regimens directed against unrelated pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jia-Hui Foo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - So Young Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ashley Huey Yiing Yap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Aira F Cabug
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Mitra Ashayeripanah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hamish E G McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - John K Fazakerley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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3
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Liu Z, Kabir MT, Chen S, Zhang H, Wakim LM, Rehm BHA. Intranasal Epitope-Polymer Vaccine Lodges Resident Memory T Cells Protecting Against Influenza Virus. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304188. [PMID: 38411375 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Intranasal vaccines, unlike injectable vaccines, boost immunity along the respiratory tract; this can significantly limit respiratory virus replication and shedding. There remains a need to develop mucosal adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems that are both safe and effective following intranasal administration. Here, biopolymer particles (BP) densely coated with repeats of MHC class I restricted immunodominant epitopes derived from influenza A virus namely NP366 , a nucleoprotein-derived epitope and PA224 , a polymerase acidic subunit derived epitope, are bioengineered. These BP-NP366 /PA224 can be manufactured at a high yield and are obtained at ≈93% purity, exhibiting ambient-temperature stability. Immunological characterization includes comparing systemic and mucosal immune responses mounted following intramuscular or intranasal immunization. Immunization with BP-NP366 /PA224 without adjuvant triggers influenza-specific CD8+ T cell priming and memory CD8+ T cell development. Co-delivery with the adjuvant poly(I:C) significantly boosts the size and functionality of the influenza-specific pulmonary resident memory CD8+ T cell pool. Intranasal, but not intramuscular delivery of BP-NP366 /PA224 with poly(I:C), provides protection against influenza virus challenge. Overall, the BP approach demonstrates as a suitable antigen formulation for intranasal delivery toward induction of systemic protective T cell responses against influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Md Tanvir Kabir
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Shuxiong Chen
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Heran Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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4
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Wakim LM, Occelli F, Paumelle M, Brousmiche D, Bouhadj L, Cuny D, Descat A, Lanier C, Deram A. Unveiling the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in northern French soils: Land cover variability and implications. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169617. [PMID: 38157891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that can be found in the environment and have adverse effects on human health by mimicking, perturbing and blocking the function of hormones. They are commonly studied in water surfaces, rarely in soils, although it can be an important source of their presence in the environment. Their detection in soils is analytically challenging to quantify, hence the lack of known background concentrations found in the literature. This scientific research aimed to detect EDCs in soils by analyzing 240 soil samples using an optimized protocol of double extraction and analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The optimized protocol allowed for very sensitive detection of the targeted compounds. The results showed a high concentration of 29.391 ng/g of 17β-estradiol in soils and 47.16 ng/g for 17α-ethinylestradiol. Testosterone and Progesterone were detected at a highest of 1.02 and 6.58 ng/g, respectively. The ∑EDCs which included estrogens, progesterone, testosterone and Bisphenol A was found at an average of 22.72 ± 35.46 ng/g in the study area. The results of this campaign showed a heterogeneous geographic distribution of the EDCs compounds in the different zones of study. Additionally, the study conducted a comparison of the concentration of EDCs in different land covers including urban areas, agricultural lands, grasslands and forests. We observed a significant difference between forests and other land covers (p < 0.0001) for 17α-ethinylestradiol, estriol, and progesterone. This presence of EDCs in forest lands is not yet understood and requires further studies concerning its origins, its fate and its effect on human health. This study is the first large-scale sampling campaign targeting EDCs in soils in Europe and the second in the world. It is also the first to assess the concentrations of these compounds based on different land covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Wakim
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - F Occelli
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, UFR3S - Faculté d'ingénierie et management de la santé (ILIS), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - M Paumelle
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Brousmiche
- Association pour la Prévention de la Pollution Atmosphérique APPA, F-59120 Loos, France
| | - L Bouhadj
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Agence de Développement et d'Urbanisme de Lille Métropole, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Cuny
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, UFR3S - Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques LSVF, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Descat
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365 GRITA - Groupe de Recherche sur les Formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Lanier
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, UFR3S - Faculté d'ingénierie et management de la santé (ILIS), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Deram
- Univ. Lille, IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Artois, Junia Hauts-de-France ULR 4515 - LGCgE Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, UFR3S - Faculté d'ingénierie et management de la santé (ILIS), F-59000 Lille, France
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5
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Zheng MZ, Tan TK, Villalon-Letelier F, Lau H, Deng YM, Fritzlar S, Valkenburg SA, Gu H, Poon LL, Reading PC, Townsend AR, Wakim LM. Single-cycle influenza virus vaccine generates lung CD8 + Trm that cross-react against viral variants and subvert virus escape mutants. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg3469. [PMID: 37683004 PMCID: PMC10491285 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus-specific tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells located along the respiratory tract provide cross-strain protection against a breadth of influenza viruses. We show that immunization with a single-cycle influenza virus vaccine candidate (S-FLU) results in the deposition of influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP)-specific CD8+ Trm along the respiratory tract that were more cross-reactive against viral variants and less likely to drive the development of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutants, as compared to the lung memory NP-specific CD8+ T cell pool established following influenza infection. This immune profile was linked to the limited inflammatory response evoked by S-FLU vaccination, which increased TCR repertoire diversity within the memory CD8+ T cell compartment. Cumulatively, this work shows that S-FLU vaccination evokes a clonally diverse, cross-reactive memory CD8+ T cell pool, which protects against severe disease without driving the virus to rapidly evolve and escape, and thus represents an attractive vaccine for use against rapidly mutating influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z. M. Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - Fernando Villalon-Letelier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Hilda Lau
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Svenja Fritzlar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sophie A. Valkenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haogao Gu
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leo L. M. Poon
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Alain R. Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ Oxford, UK
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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6
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Wang N, Scott TA, Kupz A, Shreenivas MM, Peres NG, Hocking DM, Yang C, Jebeli L, Beattie L, Groom JR, Pierce TP, Wakim LM, Bedoui S, Strugnell RA. Vaccine-induced inflammation and inflammatory monocytes promote CD4+ T cell-dependent immunity against murine salmonellosis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011666. [PMID: 37733817 PMCID: PMC10547166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior infection can generate protective immunity against subsequent infection, although the efficacy of such immunity can vary considerably. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are one of the most effective methods for mimicking this natural process, and analysis of their efficacy has proven instrumental in the identification of protective immune mechanisms. Here, we address the question of what makes a LAV efficacious by characterising immune responses to a LAV, termed TAS2010, which is highly protective (80-90%) against lethal murine salmonellosis, in comparison with a moderately protective (40-50%) LAV, BRD509. Mice vaccinated with TAS2010 developed immunity systemically and were protected against gut-associated virulent infection in a CD4+ T cell-dependent manner. TAS2010-vaccinated mice showed increased activation of Th1 responses compared with their BRD509-vaccinated counterparts, leading to increased Th1 memory populations in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. The optimal development of Th1-driven immunity was closely correlated with the activation of CD11b+Ly6GnegLy6Chi inflammatory monocytes (IMs), the activation of which can be modulated proportionally by bacterial load in vivo. Upon vaccination with the LAV, IMs expressed T cell chemoattractant CXCL9 that attracted CD4+ T cells to the foci of infection, where IMs also served as a potent source of antigen presentation and Th1-promoting cytokine IL-12. The expression of MHC-II in IMs was rapidly upregulated following vaccination and then maintained at an elevated level in immune mice, suggesting IMs may have a role in sustained antigen stimulation. Our findings present a longitudinal analysis of CD4+ T cell development post-vaccination with an intracellular bacterial LAV, and highlight the benefit of inflammation in the development of Th1 immunity. Future studies focusing on the induction of IMs may reveal key strategies for improving vaccine-induced T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meghanashree M. Shreenivas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Newton G. Peres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianna M. Hocking
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chenying Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leila Jebeli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanna R. Groom
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Pierce
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A. Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Zheng MZM, Fritzlar S, Wang Z, Tan TK, Kedzierska K, Townsend A, Reading PC, Wakim LM. Cutting Edge: High-Dose Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines Elicit Pulmonary Tissue-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells in the Face of Pre-Existing Humoral Immunity. J Immunol 2022; 209:1832-1836. [PMID: 36426954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how pre-existing Ab immunity to influenza virus established from prior immunizations affects the development of CD8+ T cell responses evoked after vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine. Using a mouse model and a panel of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine candidates (cold adapted and single cycle), we show that pre-existing influenza-specific Abs directed against the vaccine backbone attenuate the size and quality of the vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell response. Importantly, we show that increasing the vaccine dose can overcome this impediment, resulting in improved vaccine-induced circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cell responses, which were protective against heterologous influenza challenge. Thus, the reduced size and quality of the T cell response elicited by a live attenuated influenza virus vaccine imparted by the influenza-specific Ab landscape of the vaccinee can be overcome by increasing vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z M Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Svenja Fritzlar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alain Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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8
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Zhang W, Chua BY, Selva KJ, Kedzierski L, Ashhurst TM, Haycroft ER, Shoffner-Beck SK, Hensen L, Boyd DF, James F, Mouhtouris E, Kwong JC, Chua KYL, Drewett G, Copaescu A, Dobson JE, Rowntree LC, Habel JR, Allen LF, Koay HF, Neil JA, Gartner MJ, Lee CY, Andersson P, Khan SF, Blakeway L, Wisniewski J, McMahon JH, Vine EE, Cunningham AL, Audsley J, Thevarajan I, Seemann T, Sherry NL, Amanat F, Krammer F, Londrigan SL, Wakim LM, King NJC, Godfrey DI, Mackay LK, Thomas PG, Nicholson S, Arnold KB, Chung AW, Holmes NE, Smibert OC, Trubiano JA, Gordon CL, Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in immune responses in the respiratory tract and peripheral blood that suggest mechanisms of disease severity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2774. [PMID: 35589689 PMCID: PMC9120039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in varying immunopathology underlying COVID-19. We examine cellular, humoral and cytokine responses covering 382 immune components in longitudinal blood and respiratory samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgG, IgA are detected in respiratory tract and blood, however, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgM and IgG seroconversion is enhanced in respiratory specimens. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity in respiratory samples correlates with RBD-specific IgM and IgG levels. Cytokines/chemokines vary between respiratory samples and plasma, indicating that inflammation should be assessed in respiratory specimens to understand immunopathology. IFN-α2 and IL-12p70 in endotracheal aspirate and neutralization in sputum negatively correlate with duration of hospital stay. Diverse immune subsets are detected in respiratory samples, dominated by neutrophils. Importantly, dexamethasone treatment does not affect humoral responses in blood of COVID-19 patients. Our study unveils differential immune responses between respiratory samples and blood, and shows how drug therapy affects immune responses during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Thomas M Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ebene R Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fiona James
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Effie Mouhtouris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason C Kwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyra Y L Chua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - George Drewett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ana Copaescu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie E Dobson
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jessica A Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gartner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Patiyan Andersson
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sadid F Khan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke Blakeway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Wisniewski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James H McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica E Vine
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony L Cunningham
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Audsley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Irani Thevarajan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Doherty Department University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia
| | - Torsten Seemann
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Norelle L Sherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C King
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Nano, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Data Analytics Research and Evaluation (DARE) Centre, Austin Health and University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia C Smibert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason A Trubiano
- Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
| | - Claire L Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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9
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Abstract
Owing to their capacity to rapidly spread across the population, airborne pathogens represent a significant risk to global health. Indeed, several of the past major global pandemics have been instigated by respiratory pathogens. A greater understanding of the immune cells tasked with protecting the airways from infection will allow for the development of strategies that curb the spread and impact of these airborne diseases. A specific subset of memory T-cell resident in both the upper and lower respiratory tract, termed tissue-resident memory (Trm), have been shown to play an instrumental role in local immune responses against a wide breadth of both viral and bacterial infections. In this review, we discuss factors that influence respiratory tract Trm development, longevity, and immune surveillance and explore vaccination regimes that harness these cells, such approaches represent exciting new strategies that may be utilized to tackle the next global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Z. M. Zheng
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
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10
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Braverman J, Monk IR, Ge C, Westall GP, Stinear TP, Wakim LM. Staphylococcus aureus specific lung resident memory CD4 + Th1 cells attenuate the severity of influenza virus induced secondary bacterial pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:783-796. [PMID: 35637249 PMCID: PMC9148937 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of severe pulmonary infections. The evolution of multi-drug resistant strains limits antibiotic treatment options. To date, all candidate vaccines tested have failed, highlighting the need for an increased understanding of the immunological requirements for effective S. aureus immunity. Using an S. aureus strain engineered to express a trackable CD4+ T cell epitope and a murine model of S. aureus pneumonia, we show strategies that lodge Th1 polarised bacterium specific CD4+ tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung can significantly attenuate the severity of S. aureus pneumonia. This contrasts natural infection of mice that fails to lodge CD4+ Trm cells along the respiratory tract or provide protection against re-infection, despite initially generating Th17 bacterium specific CD4+ T cell responses. Interestingly, lack of CD4+ Trm formation after natural infection in mice appears to be reflected in humans, where the frequency of S. aureus reactive CD4+ Trm cells in lung tissue is also low. Our findings reveal the protective capacity of S. aureus specific respiratory tract CD4+ Th1 polarised Trm cells and highlight the potential for targeting these cells in vaccines that aim to prevent the development of S. aureus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Braverman
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Ian R. Monk
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Chenghao Ge
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia ,grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Glen P. Westall
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
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11
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Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Petersen J, Chua BY, Hensen L, Kedzierski L, van de Sandt CE, Chaurasia P, Tan HX, Habel JR, Zhang W, Allen LF, Earnest L, Mak KY, Juno JA, Wragg K, Mordant FL, Amanat F, Krammer F, Mifsud NA, Doolan DL, Flanagan KL, Sonda S, Kaur J, Wakim LM, Westall GP, James F, Mouhtouris E, Gordon CL, Holmes NE, Smibert OC, Trubiano JA, Cheng AC, Harcourt P, Clifton P, Crawford JC, Thomas PG, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Rossjohn J, Torresi J, Kedzierska K. CD8 + T cells specific for an immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitope display high naive precursor frequency and TCR promiscuity. Immunity 2021; 54:1066-1082.e5. [PMID: 33951417 PMCID: PMC8049468 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To better understand primary and recall T cell responses during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to examine unmanipulated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cells. By using peptide-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) tetramers for direct ex vivo analysis, we characterized CD8+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 patients and unexposed individuals. Unlike CD8+ T cells directed toward subdominant epitopes (B7/N257, A2/S269, and A24/S1,208) CD8+ T cells specific for the immunodominant B7/N105 epitope were detected at high frequencies in pre-pandemic samples and at increased frequencies during acute COVID-19 and convalescence. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells in pre-pandemic samples from children, adults, and elderly individuals predominantly displayed a naive phenotype, indicating a lack of previous cross-reactive exposures. T cell receptor (TCR) analyses revealed diverse TCRαβ repertoires and promiscuous αβ-TCR pairing within B7/N105+CD8+ T cells. Our study demonstrates high naive precursor frequency and TCRαβ diversity within immunodominant B7/N105-specific CD8+ T cells and provides insight into SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell origins and subsequent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, the Netherlands
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Linda Earnest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kai Yan Mak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kathleen Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
| | - Jasveen Kaur
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia; Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Fiona James
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Effie Mouhtouris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Claire L Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Natasha E Holmes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Department of Medicine and Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3000, Australia; Data Analytics Research and Evaluation (DARE) Centre, Austin Health and The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Olivia C Smibert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jason A Trubiano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | | | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan.
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12
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Nguyen TH, McAuley JL, Kim Y, Zheng MZ, Gherardin NA, Godfrey DI, Purcell DF, Sullivan LC, Westall GP, Reading PC, Kedzierska K, Wakim LM. Influenza, but not SARS-CoV-2, infection induces a rapid interferon response that wanes with age and diminished tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1242. [PMID: 33532071 PMCID: PMC7837404 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Older individuals exhibit a diminished ability to respond to and clear respiratory pathogens and, as such, experience a higher rate of lung infections with a higher mortality rate. It is unclear why respiratory pathogens impact older people disproportionately. Using human lung tissue from donors aged 22-68 years, we assessed how the immune cell landscape in lungs changes throughout life and investigated how these immune cells respond following in vitro exposure to influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, two clinically relevant respiratory viruses. While the frequency of most immune cell subsets profiled in the human lung remained stable with age, memory CD8+ T cells declined, with the tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T-cell subset being most susceptible to age-associated attrition. Infection of lung tissue with influenza virus resulted in an age-associated attenuation in the antiviral immune response, with aged donors producing less type I interferon (IFN), GM-CSF and IFNγ, the latter correlated with a reduction of IFNγ-producing memory CD8+ T cells. In contrast, irrespective of donor age, exposure of human lung cells to SARS-CoV-2, a pathogen for which all donors were immunologically naïve, did not trigger activation of local immune cells and did not result in the induction of an early IFN response. Our findings show that the attrition of tissue-bound pathogen-specific Trm in the lung that occurs with advanced age, or their absence in immunologically naïve individuals, results in a diminished early antiviral immune response which creates a window of opportunity for respiratory pathogens to gain a greater foothold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ho Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Julie L McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Youry Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Ming Zm Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Damian Fj Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,Lung Transplant Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia.,Department of Medicine Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
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13
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Tullett KM, Tan PS, Park HY, Schittenhelm RB, Michael N, Li R, Policheni AN, Gruber E, Huang C, Fulcher AJ, Danne JC, Czabotar PE, Wakim LM, Mintern JD, Ramm G, Radford KJ, Caminschi I, O'Keeffe M, Villadangos JA, Wright MD, Blewitt ME, Heath WR, Shortman K, Purcell AW, Nicola NA, Zhang JG, Lahoud MH. RNF41 regulates the damage recognition receptor Clec9A and antigen cross-presentation in mouse dendritic cells. eLife 2020; 9:63452. [PMID: 33264090 PMCID: PMC7710356 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell receptor Clec9A facilitates processing of dead cell-derived antigens for cross-presentation and the induction of effective CD8+ T cell immune responses. Here, we show that this process is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41 and define a new ubiquitin-mediated mechanism for regulation of Clec9A, reflecting the unique properties of Clec9A as a receptor specialized for delivery of antigens for cross-presentation. We reveal RNF41 is a negative regulator of Clec9A and the cross-presentation of dead cell-derived antigens by mouse dendritic cells. Intriguingly, RNF41 regulates the downstream fate of Clec9A by directly binding and ubiquitinating the extracellular domains of Clec9A. At steady-state, RNF41 ubiquitination of Clec9A facilitates interactions with ER-associated proteins and degradation machinery to control Clec9A levels. However, Clec9A interactions are altered following dead cell uptake to favor antigen presentation. These findings provide important insights into antigen cross-presentation and have implications for development of approaches to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsteen M Tullett
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peck Szee Tan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hae-Young Park
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nicole Michael
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rong Li
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonia N Policheni
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Emily Gruber
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex J Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jillian C Danne
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark D Wright
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ken Shortman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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14
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Bedford JG, Heinlein M, Garnham AL, Nguyen THO, Loudovaris T, Ge C, Mannering SI, Elliott M, Tangye SG, Kedzierska K, Gray DHD, Heath WR, Wakim LM. Unresponsiveness to inhaled antigen is governed by conventional dendritic cells and overridden during infection by monocytes. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/52/eabb5439. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALTs) are mucosal-associated lymphoid organs embedded in the submucosa of the nasal passage. NALTs represent a known site for the deposition of inhaled antigens, but little is known of the mechanisms involved in the induction of immunity within this lymphoid tissue. We find that during the steady state, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) within the NALTs suppress T cell responses. These cDCs, which are also prevalent within human NALTs (tonsils/adenoids), express a unique transcriptional profile and inhibit T cell proliferation via contact-independent mechanisms that can be diminished by blocking the actions of reactive oxygen species and prostaglandin E2. Although the prevention of unrestrained immune activation to inhaled antigens appears to be the default function of NALT cDCs, inflammation after localized virus infection recruited monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) to this region, which diluted out the suppressive DC pool, and permitted local T cell priming. Accommodating for inflammation-induced temporal changes in NALT DC composition and function, we developed an intranasal vaccine delivery system that coupled the recruitment of moDCs with the sustained release of antigen into the NALTs, and we were able to substantially improve T cell responses after intranasal immunization. Thus, homeostasis and immunity to inhaled antigens is tuned by inflammatory signals that regulate the balance between conventional and moDC populations within the NALTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Bedford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Melanie Heinlein
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi H. O. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tom Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Chenghao Ge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Stuart I. Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Michael Elliott
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Chris O’Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Stuart G. Tangye
- Immunity & Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Daniel H. D. Gray
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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15
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Bedford JG, Caminschi I, Wakim LM. Intranasal Delivery of a Chitosan-Hydrogel Vaccine Generates Nasal Tissue Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells That Are Protective against Influenza Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040572. [PMID: 33019568 PMCID: PMC7712318 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid antigen clearance from the nasal mucosa is one of the major challenges in the development of intranasal vaccines. Here, we tested whether intranasal immunization with a chitosan-hydrogel vaccine, with in situ gelling properties, extended antigen retention time within the nasal mucosa. Intranasal immunization with a chitosan-hydrogel vaccine retained antigen within the upper respiratory tract (URT), while intranasal delivery of less viscous vaccines led to antigen accumulation within the lower airways. Interestingly, sustained antigen retention within the URT following chitosan-hydrogel vaccination boosted the number of vaccine-specific, tissue resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells that developed within the nasal mucosa. Mice immunized with a chitosan-hydrogel vaccine loaded with influenza virus peptides developed a large pool of influenza-specific CD8+ nasal Trm and these cells were highly protective during an influenza challenge. Our results describe an effective vaccine formulation that can be utilized to boost local immunity in the nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Bedford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (J.G.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (J.G.B.); (I.C.)
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia; (J.G.B.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9035-4141
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16
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Habel JR, Nguyen THO, van de Sandt CE, Juno JA, Chaurasia P, Wragg K, Koutsakos M, Hensen L, Jia X, Chua B, Zhang W, Tan HX, Flanagan KL, Doolan DL, Torresi J, Chen W, Wakim LM, Cheng AC, Doherty PC, Petersen J, Rossjohn J, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Rowntree LC, Kedzierska K. Suboptimal SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + T cell response associated with the prominent HLA-A*02:01 phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24384-24391. [PMID: 32913053 PMCID: PMC7533701 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015486117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of human T cell-mediated immunity in COVID-19 is important for optimizing therapeutic and vaccine strategies. Experience with influenza shows that infection primes CD8+ T cell memory to peptides presented by common HLA types like HLA-A2, which enhances recovery and diminishes clinical severity upon reinfection. Stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from COVID-19 convalescent patients with overlapping peptides from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the clonal expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in vitro, with CD4+ T cells being robust. We identified two HLA-A*02:01-restricted SARS-CoV-2-specfic CD8+ T cell epitopes, A2/S269-277 and A2/Orf1ab3183-3191 Using peptide-HLA tetramer enrichment, direct ex vivo assessment of A2/S269+CD8+ and A2/Orf1ab3183+CD8+ populations indicated that A2/S269+CD8+ T cells were detected at comparable frequencies (∼1.3 × 10-5) in acute and convalescent HLA-A*02:01+ patients. These frequencies were higher than those found in uninfected HLA-A*02:01+ donors (∼2.5 × 10-6), but low when compared to frequencies for influenza-specific (A2/M158) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific (A2/BMLF1280) (∼1.38 × 10-4) populations. Phenotyping A2/S269+CD8+ T cells from COVID-19 convalescents ex vivo showed that A2/S269+CD8+ T cells were predominantly negative for CD38, HLA-DR, PD-1, and CD71 activation markers, although the majority of total CD8+ T cells expressed granzymes and/or perforin. Furthermore, the bias toward naïve, stem cell memory and central memory A2/S269+CD8+ T cells rather than effector memory populations suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be compromising CD8+ T cell activation. Priming with appropriate vaccines may thus be beneficial for optimizing CD8+ T cell immunity in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kathleen Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Brendon Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4814, Australia
| | - Joseph Torresi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3084 VIC, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Peter C Doherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Ausralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Ausralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
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17
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Ge C, Monk IR, Monard SC, Bedford JG, Braverman J, Stinear TP, Wakim LM. Neutrophils play an ongoing role in preventing bacterial pneumonia by blocking the dissemination of
Staphylococcus aureus
from the upper to the lower airways. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:577-594. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Ge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
- School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Ian R Monk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Sarah C Monard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - James G Bedford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Jessica Braverman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Timothy P Stinear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
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18
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Bedford JG, Infusini G, Dagley LF, Villalon-Letelier F, Zheng MZM, Bennett-Wood V, Reading PC, Wakim LM. Airway Exosomes Released During Influenza Virus Infection Serve as a Key Component of the Antiviral Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:887. [PMID: 32477358 PMCID: PMC7236881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells that have an important biological function in intercellular communication by transferring biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNAs to neighboring or distant cells. While a role for exosomes in antimicrobial defense has recently emerged, currently very little is known regarding the nature and functional relevance of exosomes generated in vivo, particularly during an active viral infection. Here, we characterized exosomes released into the airways during influenza virus infection. We show that these vesicles dynamically change in protein composition over the course of infection, increasing expression of host proteins with known anti-influenza activity, and viral proteins with the potential to trigger host immune responses. We show that exosomes released into the airways during influenza virus infection trigger pulmonary inflammation and carry viral antigen that can be utilized by antigen presenting cells to drive the induction of a cellular immune response. Moreover, we show that attachment factors for influenza virus, namely α2,3 and α2,6-linked sialic acids, are present on the surface of airway exosomes and these vesicles have the ability to neutralize influenza virus, thereby preventing the virus from binding and entering target cells. These data reveal a novel role for airway exosomes in the antiviral innate immune defense against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Bedford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Infusini
- Department of Medical Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura F Dagley
- Department of Medical Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fernando Villalon-Letelier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ming Z M Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vicki Bennett-Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Ge C, Monk IR, Pizzolla A, Wang N, Bedford JG, Stinear TP, Westall GP, Wakim LM. Bystander Activation of Pulmonary Trm Cells Attenuates the Severity of Bacterial Pneumonia by Enhancing Neutrophil Recruitment. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4236-4244.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Londrigan SL, Wakim LM, Smith J, Haverkate AJ, Brooks AG, Reading PC. IFITM3 and type I interferons are important for the control of influenza A virus replication in murine macrophages. Virology 2019; 540:17-22. [PMID: 31731106 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abortive infection of macrophages serves as a "dead end" for most seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) strains, and it is likely to contribute to effective host defence. Interferon (IFN)-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) restricts the early stages of IAV replication in epithelial cells, but IFITM3 restriction of IAV replication in macrophages has not been previously investigated. Herein, macrophages isolated from IFITM3-deficient mice were more susceptible to initial IAV infection, but late-stage viral replication was still controlled through abortive infection. Strikingly, IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR)-deficient macrophages infected with IAV were not only more susceptible to initial infection, but these cells also supported productive viral replication. Significantly, we have established that abortive IAV infection in macrophages is controlled through a type I IFN-dependent mechanism, where late-stage IAV replication can proceed in the absence of type I IFN responses. These findings provide novel mechanistic insight into macrophage-specific processes that potently shut down IAV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Anne J Haverkate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Victoria, 3000, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Victoria, 3000, Australia
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21
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Pizzolla A, Wakim LM. Memory T Cell Dynamics in the Lung during Influenza Virus Infection. J Immunol 2019; 202:374-381. [PMID: 30617119 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is highly contagious, infecting 5-15% of the global population every year. It causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised and at-risk individuals. Influenza virus is constantly evolving, undergoing continuous, rapid, and unpredictable mutation, giving rise to novel viruses that can escape the humoral immunity generated by current influenza virus vaccines. Growing evidence indicates that influenza-specific T cells resident along the respiratory tract are highly effective at providing potent and rapid protection against this inhaled pathogen. As these T cells recognize fragments of the virus that are highly conserved and less prone to mutation, they have the potential to provide cross-strain protection against a wide breadth of influenza viruses, including newly emerging strains. In this review, we will discuss how influenza-specific memory T cells in the lung are established and maintained and how we can harness this knowledge to design broadly protective influenza A virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pizzolla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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22
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Koutsakos M, Wheatley AK, Loh L, Clemens EB, Sant S, Nüssing S, Fox A, Chung AW, Laurie KL, Hurt AC, Rockman S, Lappas M, Loudovaris T, Mannering SI, Westall GP, Elliot M, Tangye SG, Wakim LM, Kent SJ, Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K. Circulating T FH cells, serological memory, and tissue compartmentalization shape human influenza-specific B cell immunity. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/428/eaan8405. [PMID: 29444980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan8405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) remains the most effective strategy to combat seasonal influenza infections. IIV activates B cells and T follicular helper (TFH) cells and thus engenders antibody-secreting cells and serum antibody titers. However, the cellular events preceding generation of protective immunity in humans are inadequately understood. We undertook an in-depth analysis of B cell and T cell immune responses to IIV in 35 healthy adults. Using recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) probes to dissect the quantity, phenotype, and isotype of influenza-specific B cells against A/California09-H1N1, A/Switzerland-H3N2, and B/Phuket, we showed that vaccination induced a three-pronged B cell response comprising a transient CXCR5-CXCR3+ antibody-secreting B cell population, CD21hiCD27+ memory B cells, and CD21loCD27+ B cells. Activation of circulating TFH cells correlated with the development of both CD21lo and CD21hi memory B cells. However, preexisting antibodies could limit increases in serum antibody titers. IIV had no marked effect on CD8+, mucosal-associated invariant T, γδ T, and natural killer cell activation. In addition, vaccine-induced B cells were not maintained in peripheral blood at 1 year after vaccination. We provide a dissection of rHA-specific B cells across seven human tissue compartments, showing that influenza-specific memory (CD21hiCD27+) B cells primarily reside within secondary lymphoid tissues and the lungs. Our study suggests that a rational design of universal vaccines needs to consider circulating TFH cells, preexisting serological memory, and tissue compartmentalization for effective B cell immunity, as well as to improve targeting cellular T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Simone Nüssing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Annette Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Karen L Laurie
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Seqirus, 63 Poplar Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Stuart I Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Michael Elliot
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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23
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Koutsakos M, Illing PT, Nguyen THO, Mifsud NA, Crawford JC, Rizzetto S, Eltahla AA, Clemens EB, Sant S, Chua BY, Wong CY, Allen EK, Teng D, Dash P, Boyd DF, Grzelak L, Zeng W, Hurt AC, Barr I, Rockman S, Jackson DC, Kotsimbos TC, Cheng AC, Richards M, Westall GP, Loudovaris T, Mannering SI, Elliott M, Tangye SG, Wakim LM, Rossjohn J, Vijaykrishna D, Luciani F, Thomas PG, Gras S, Purcell AW, Kedzierska K. Human CD8 + T cell cross-reactivity across influenza A, B and C viruses. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:613-625. [PMID: 30778243 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A, B and C viruses (IAV, IBV and ICV, respectively) circulate globally and infect humans, with IAV and IBV causing the most severe disease. CD8+ T cells confer cross-protection against IAV strains, however the responses of CD8+ T cells to IBV and ICV are understudied. We investigated the breadth of CD8+ T cell cross-recognition and provide evidence of CD8+ T cell cross-reactivity across IAV, IBV and ICV. We identified immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitopes from IBVs that were protective in mice and found memory CD8+ T cells directed against universal and influenza-virus-type-specific epitopes in the blood and lungs of healthy humans. Lung-derived CD8+ T cells displayed tissue-resident memory phenotypes. Notably, CD38+Ki67+CD8+ effector T cells directed against novel epitopes were readily detected in IAV- or IBV-infected pediatric and adult subjects. Our study introduces a new paradigm whereby CD8+ T cells confer unprecedented cross-reactivity across all influenza viruses, a key finding for the design of universal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia T Illing
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Simone Rizzetto
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Auda A Eltahla
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Don Teng
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Biology Department, École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Applied Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Seqirus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tom C Kotsimbos
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Richards
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael Elliott
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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24
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Caminschi I, Lahoud MH, Pizzolla A, Wakim LM. Zymosan by-passes the requirement for pulmonary antigen encounter in lung tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cell development. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:403-412. [PMID: 30664708 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung provide a frontline defence against respiratory pathogens. Vaccination models that lodge CD8+ Trm populations in the lung have been developed, all of which incorporate the local delivery of antigen plus adjuvant into the airways; a necessary approach as local cognate antigen recognition is required for optimal lung Trm development. Although pulmonary delivery of antigen is important for lung Trm development, the impact the co-administered adjuvant has on Trm differentiation is unclear. We show that while altering the adjuvant co-administered with the pulmonary delivered antigen does not impact the size of the lung Trm population, a particular adjuvant, zymosan, when administered into the airways without antigen can drive effector CD8+ T cells to differentiate into lung Trm. Zymosan signalling via dectin-1 receptor was sufficient to promote antigen-independent lung Trm development. When combined with an injectable influenza vaccination regime, intranasal zymosan delivery significantly boosted the size of the influenza virus-specific lung Trm population. Our results highlight that eliciting the appropriate local inflammatory milieu can by-pass the requirement for local antigen recognition in lung Trm development and emphasises that the appropriate selection of adjuvant can greatly improve vaccines that aim to elicit pulmonary Trm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Caminschi
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Pizzolla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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25
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Bedford JG, O’Keeffe M, Reading PC, Wakim LM. Rapid interferon independent expression of IFITM3 following T cell activation protects cells from influenza virus infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210132. [PMID: 30650117 PMCID: PMC6334895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a potent antiviral protein that enhances cellular resistance to a variety of pathogens, including influenza virus. Classically defined as an interferon-stimulated gene, expression of IFITM3 on cells is rapidly up-regulated in response to type I and II interferon. Here we found that IFITM3 is rapidly up-regulated by T cells following their activation and this occurred independently of type I and II interferon and the interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7. Up-regulation of IFITM3 on effector T cells protected these cells from virus infection and imparted a survival advantage at sites of virus infection. Our results show that IFITM3 expression on effector T cells is crucial for these cells to mediate their effector function and highlights an interferon independent pathway for the induction of IFITM3 which, if targeted, could be an effective approach to harness the activity of IFITM3 for infection prevention.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dogs
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/genetics
- Interferons/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Primary Cell Culture
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Bedford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meredith O’Keeffe
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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26
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Sant S, Grzelak L, Wang Z, Pizzolla A, Koutsakos M, Crowe J, Loudovaris T, Mannering SI, Westall GP, Wakim LM, Rossjohn J, Gras S, Richards M, Xu J, Thomas PG, Loh L, Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K. Single-Cell Approach to Influenza-Specific CD8 + T Cell Receptor Repertoires Across Different Age Groups, Tissues, and Following Influenza Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1453. [PMID: 29997621 PMCID: PMC6030351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells recognizing antigenic peptides derived from conserved internal viral proteins confer broad protection against distinct influenza viruses. As memory CD8+ T cells change throughout the human lifetime and across tissue compartments, we investigated how T cell receptor (TCR) composition and diversity relate to memory CD8+ T cells across anatomical sites and immunological phases of human life. We used ex vivo peptide-HLA tetramer magnetic enrichment, single-cell multiplex RT-PCR for both the TCR-alpha (TCRα) and TCR-beta (TCRβ) chains, and new TCRdist and grouping of lymphocyte interactions by paratope hotspots (GLIPH) algorithms to compare TCRs directed against the most prominent human influenza epitope, HLA-A*02:01-M158–66 (A2+M158). We dissected memory TCR repertoires directed toward A2+M158 CD8+ T cells within human tissues and compared them to human peripheral blood of young and elderly adults. Furthermore, we compared these memory CD8+ T cell repertoires to A2+M158 CD8+ TCRs during acute influenza disease in patients hospitalized with avian A/H7N9 virus. Our study provides the first ex vivo comparative analysis of paired antigen-specific TCR-α/β clonotypes across different tissues and peripheral blood across different age groups. We show that human A2+M158 CD8+ T cells can be readily detected in human lungs, spleens, and lymph nodes, and that tissue A2+M158 TCRαβ repertoires reflect A2+M158 TCRαβ clonotypes derived from peripheral blood in healthy adults and influenza-infected patients. A2+M158 TCRαβ repertoires displayed distinct features only in elderly adults, with large private TCRαβ clonotypes replacing the prominent and public TRBV19/TRAV27 TCRs. Our study provides novel findings on influenza-specific TCRαβ repertoires within human tissues, raises the question of how we can prevent the loss of optimal TCRαβ signatures with aging, and provides important insights into the rational design of T cell-mediated vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Zhongfang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Pizzolla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart I Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Medicine, Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Richards
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Clemens EB, van de Sandt C, Wong SS, Wakim LM, Valkenburg SA. Harnessing the Power of T Cells: The Promising Hope for a Universal Influenza Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6020018. [PMID: 29587436 PMCID: PMC6027237 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. This has provided hope for the design of a universal vaccine able to prime against diverse influenza virus strains and subtypes. However, multiple hurdles exist for the realisation of a universal T cell vaccine. Overall primary concerns are: extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory (Trm), population human leucocyte antigen (HLA) coverage, and the potential for T cell-mediated immune escape. Further comprehensive human clinical data is needed during natural infection to validate the protective role T cells play during infection in the absence of antibodies. Furthermore, fundamental questions still exist regarding the site, longevity and duration, quantity, and phenotype of T cells needed for optimal protection. Standardised experimental methods, and eventually simplified commercial assays, to assess peripheral influenza-specific T cell responses are needed for larger-scale clinical studies of T cells as a correlate of protection against influenza infection. The design and implementation of a T cell-inducing vaccine will require a consensus on the level of protection acceptable in the community, which may not provide sterilizing immunity but could protect the individual from severe disease, reduce the length of infection, and potentially reduce transmission in the community. Therefore, increasing the standard of care potentially offered by T cell vaccines should be considered in the context of pandemic preparedness and zoonotic infections, and in combination with improved antibody vaccine targeting methods. Current pandemic vaccine preparedness measures and ongoing clinical trials under-utilise T cell-inducing vaccines, reflecting the myriad questions that remain about how, when, where, and which T cells are needed to fight influenza virus infection. This review aims to bring together basic fundamentals of T cell biology with human clinical data, which need to be considered for the implementation of a universal vaccine against influenza that harnesses the power of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Carolien van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Sook San Wong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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28
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Pizzolla A, Nguyen TH, Sant S, Jaffar J, Loudovaris T, Mannering SI, Thomas PG, Westall GP, Kedzierska K, Wakim LM. Influenza-specific lung-resident memory T cells are proliferative and polyfunctional and maintain diverse TCR profiles. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:721-733. [PMID: 29309047 DOI: 10.1172/jci96957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human lung harbors a large population of resident memory T cells (Trm cells). These cells are perfectly positioned to mediate rapid protection against respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus, a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that continues to be a major public health burden. Animal models show that influenza-specific lung CD8+ Trm cells are indispensable for crossprotection against pulmonary infection with different influenza virus strains. However, it is not known whether influenza-specific CD8+ Trm cells present within the human lung have the same critical role in modulating the course of the disease. Here, we showed that human lung contains a population of CD8+ Trm cells that are highly proliferative and have polyfunctional progeny. We observed that different influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cell specificities differentiated into Trm cells with varying efficiencies and that the size of the influenza-specific CD8+ T cell population persisting in the lung directly correlated with the efficiency of differentiation into Trm cells. To our knowledge, we provide the first ex vivo dissection of paired T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of human influenza-specific CD8+ Trm cells. Our data reveal diverse TCR profiles within the human lung Trm cells and a high degree of clonal sharing with other CD8+ T cell populations, a feature important for effective T cell function and protection against the generation of viral-escape mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pizzolla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi Ho Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jade Jaffar
- Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart I Mannering
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Pizzolla A, Nguyen THO, Smith JM, Brooks AG, Kedzieska K, Heath WR, Reading PC, Wakim LM. Resident memory CD8 + T cells in the upper respiratory tract prevent pulmonary influenza virus infection. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/12/eaam6970. [PMID: 28783656 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nasal epithelial tissue of the upper respiratory tract is the first site of contact by inhaled pathogens such as influenza virus. We show that this region is key to limiting viral spread to the lower respiratory tract and associated disease pathology. Immunization of the upper respiratory tract leads to the formation of local tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm cells). Unlike Trm cells in the lung, these cells develop independently of local cognate antigen recognition and transforming growth factor-β signaling and persist with minimal decay, representing a long-term protective population. Repertoire characterization revealed unexpected differences between lung and nasal tissue Trm cells, the composition of which was shaped by the developmental need for lung, but not nasal, Trm cells to recognize antigen within their local tissue. We show that influenza-specific Trm cells in the nasal epithelia can block the transmission of influenza virus from the upper respiratory tract to the lung and, in doing so, prevent the development of severe pulmonary disease. Our findings reveal the protective capacity and longevity of upper respiratory tract Trm cells and highlight the potential of targeting these cells to augment protective responses induced to respiratory viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pizzolla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzieska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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30
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Infusini G, Smith JM, Yuan H, Pizzolla A, Ng WC, Londrigan SL, Haque A, Reading PC, Villadangos JA, Wakim LM. Respiratory DC Use IFITM3 to Avoid Direct Viral Infection and Safeguard Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Priming. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143539. [PMID: 26600246 PMCID: PMC4657952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses to influenza virus. To do this, respiratory DCs must ferry viral antigen from the lung to the draining lymph node without becoming infected and perishing en route. We show that respiratory DCs up-regulate the expression of the antiviral molecule, interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) in response to influenza virus infection, in a manner dependent on type I interferon signaling and the transcription factors IRF7 and IRF3. Failure of respiratory DCs to up-regulate IFITM3 following influenza virus infection resulted in impaired trafficking to the draining LN and consequently in impaired priming of an influenza-specific CD8+ T cell response. The impaired trafficking of IFITM3-deficient DC correlated with an increased susceptibility of these DC to influenza virus infection. This work shows that the expression of IFITM3 protects respiratory DCs from influenza virus infection, permitting migration from lung to LN and optimal priming of a virus specific T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Infusini
- Division of Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - He Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Angela Pizzolla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Wy Ching Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah L. Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Malaria Immunology Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jose A. Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- * E-mail: (LMW); (JAV)
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- * E-mail: (LMW); (JAV)
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31
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Londrigan SL, Tate MD, Job ER, Moffat JM, Wakim LM, Gonelli CA, Purcell DFJ, Brooks AG, Villadangos JA, Reading PC, Mintern JD. Endogenous Murine BST-2/Tetherin Is Not a Major Restriction Factor of Influenza A Virus Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142925. [PMID: 26566124 PMCID: PMC4643895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BST-2 (tetherin, CD317, HM1.24) restricts virus growth by tethering enveloped viruses to the cell surface. The role of BST-2 during influenza A virus infection (IAV) is controversial. Here, we assessed the capacity of endogenous BST-2 to restrict IAV in primary murine cells. IAV infection increased BST-2 surface expression by primary macrophages, but not alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). BST-2-deficient AEC and macrophages displayed no difference in susceptibility to IAV infection relative to wild type cells. Furthermore, BST-2 played little role in infectious IAV release from either AEC or macrophages. To examine BST-2 during IAV infection in vivo, we infected BST-2-deficient mice. No difference in weight loss or in viral loads in the lungs and/or nasal tissues were detected between BST-2-deficient and wild type animals. This study rules out a major role for endogenous BST-2 in modulating IAV in the mouse model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle D. Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Emma R. Job
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jessica M. Moffat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Linda M. Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Gonelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Damien F. J. Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jose A. Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Justine D. Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- * E-mail:
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32
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Wakim LM, Gupta N, Mintern JD, Villadangos JA. Enhanced survival of lung tissue-resident memory CD8⁺ T cells during infection with influenza virus due to selective expression of IFITM3. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:238-45. [PMID: 23354485 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infection with influenza virus results in the deposition of anti-influenza CD8(+) resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) in the lung. As a consequence of their location in the lung mucosal tissue, these cells are exposed to cytopathic pathogens over the life of the organism and may themselves be susceptible to infection. Here we found that lung T(RM) cells selectively maintained expression of the interferon-induced transmembrane protein IFITM3, a protein that confers broad resistance to viral infection. Lung T(RM) cells that lacked IFITM3 expression were more susceptible to infection than were their normal counterparts and were selectively lost during a secondary bout of infection. Thus, lung T(RM) cells were programmed to retain IFITM3 expression, which facilitated their survival and protection from viral infection during subsequent exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wakim
- Division of Inflammation, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Wakim LM, Woodward-Davis A, Liu R, Hu Y, Villadangos J, Smyth G, Bevan MJ. The molecular signature of tissue resident memory CD8 T cells isolated from the brain. J Immunol 2012; 189:3462-71. [PMID: 22922816 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue resident memory (Trm) CD8 T cells represent a newly described memory T cell population. We have previously characterized a population of Trm cells that persists within the brain after acute virus infection. Although capable of providing marked protection against a subsequent local challenge, brain Trm cells do not undergo recall expansion after dissociation from the tissue. Furthermore, these Trm cells do not depend on the same survival factors as the circulating memory T cell pool as assessed either in vivo or in vitro. To gain greater insight into this population of cells, we compared the gene expression profiles of Trm cells isolated from the brain with those of circulating memory T cells isolated from the spleen after an acute virus infection. Trm cells displayed altered expression of genes involved in chemotaxis, expressed a distinct set of transcription factors, and overexpressed several inhibitory receptors. Cumulatively, these data indicate that Trm cells are a distinct memory T cell population disconnected from the circulating memory T cell pool and display a unique molecular signature that likely results in optimal survival and function within their local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wakim
- Department of Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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34
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Wakim LM, Bevan MJ. Cross-dressed dendritic cells drive memory CD8+ T-cell activation after viral infection. Nature 2011; 471:629-32. [PMID: 21455179 DOI: 10.1038/nature09863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
After an infection, cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors proliferate and become effector cells by recognizing foreign peptides in the groove of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Professional APCs specialized for T-cell activation acquire viral antigen either by becoming infected themselves (direct presentation) or by phagocytosis of infected cells, followed by transfer of antigen to the cytosol, processing and MHC class I loading in a process referred to as cross-presentation. An alternative way, referred to as 'cross-dressing', by which an uninfected APC could present antigen was postulated to be by the transfer of preformed peptide-MHC complexes from the surface of an infected cell to the APC without the need of further processing. Here we show that this mechanism exists and boosts the antiviral response of mouse memory CD8(+) T cells. A number of publications have demonstrated sharing of peptide-loaded MHC molecules in vitro. Our in vitro experiments demonstrate that cross-dressing APCs do not acquire peptide-MHC complexes in the form of exosomes released by donor cells. Rather, the APCs and donor cells have to contact each other for the transfer to occur. After a viral infection, we could isolate cross-dressed APCs able to present viral antigen in vitro. Furthermore, using the diphtheria toxin system to selectively eliminate APCs that could only acquire viral peptide-MHC complexes by cross-dressing, we show that such presentation can promote the expansion of resting memory T cells. Notably, naive T cells were excluded from taking part in the response. Cross-dressing is a mechanism of antigen presentation used by dendritic cells that may have a significant role in activating previously primed CD8(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wakim
- Department of Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Box 357370, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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35
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Abstract
An important attribute of the adaptive immune system is the ability to remember a prior encounter with a pathogen; an ability termed immunological memory. Bigger, better, and stronger responses are mounted upon a secondary encounter with the pathogen potentially resulting in clearance of the infection before the development of disease. We will review recent advances in the field of memory CD8(+) T cell differentiation focusing on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern the development of T cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wakim
- Department of Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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36
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Gebhardt T, Wakim LM, Eidsmo L, Reading PC, Heath WR, Carbone FR. Memory T cells in nonlymphoid tissue that provide enhanced local immunity during infection with herpes simplex virus. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:524-30. [PMID: 19305395 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 849] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective immunity is dependent on long-surviving memory T cells. Various memory subsets make distinct contributions to immune protection, especially in peripheral infection. It has been suggested that T cells in nonlymphoid tissues are important during local infection, although their relationship with populations in the circulation remains poorly defined. Here we describe a unique memory T cell subset present after acute infection with herpes simplex virus that remained resident in the skin and in latently infected sensory ganglia. These T cells were in disequilibrium with the circulating lymphocyte pool and controlled new infection with this virus. Thus, these cells represent an example of tissue-resident memory T cells that can provide protective immunity at points of pathogen entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
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37
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Wakim LM, Gebhardt T, Heath WR, Carbone FR. Cutting edge: local recall responses by memory T cells newly recruited to peripheral nonlymphoid tissues. J Immunol 2009; 181:5837-41. [PMID: 18941171 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.5837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection results in the formation of a circulating effector memory T cell population able to enter peripheral tissues either in the steady state or in response to localized infection. As a consequence, recall is thought to result from a phased response first involving those T cells already at the site of infection followed by the infiltration of memory cells from the wider circulation. We have recently reported that tissue-resident T cells can undergo stimulation and proliferation in response to local infection. In this study, we examine the proliferation of memory T cells newly recruited from the circulation. Our results show that although recruitment of circulating memory cells is nonspecific in nature, there is preferential proliferation of specific T cells within infected tissues. Thus, expansion represents a means of local Ag-specific enrichment of T cells recruited from a circulating memory pool of mixed specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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38
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Wakim LM, Waithman J, van Rooijen N, Heath WR, Carbone FR. Dendritic cell-induced memory T cell activation in nonlymphoid tissues. Science 2008; 319:198-202. [PMID: 18187654 DOI: 10.1126/science.1151869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs are dominant sites of T cell activation, although many T cells are subsequently retained within peripheral tissues. Currently, these nonlymphoid compartments are viewed as sites only of effector T cell function, without the involvement of renewed induction of immunity via the interactions with professional antigen-presenting cells. We describe a method of reactivation of herpes simplex virus to examine the stimulation of tissue-resident T cells during secondary challenge. The results revealed that memory CD8+ T cell responses can be initiated within peripheral tissues through a tripartite interaction that includes CD4+ T cells and recruited dendritic cells. These findings lend evidence for the existence of a sophisticated T cell response mechanism in extra-lymphoid tissues that can act to control localized infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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39
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Wakim LM, Waithman J, van Rooijen N, Heath WR, Carbone FR. Dendritic cell-induced memory T cell activation in nonlymphoid tissues. Science 2008. [PMID: 18187654 DOI: 10.1126/science.1151869.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs are dominant sites of T cell activation, although many T cells are subsequently retained within peripheral tissues. Currently, these nonlymphoid compartments are viewed as sites only of effector T cell function, without the involvement of renewed induction of immunity via the interactions with professional antigen-presenting cells. We describe a method of reactivation of herpes simplex virus to examine the stimulation of tissue-resident T cells during secondary challenge. The results revealed that memory CD8+ T cell responses can be initiated within peripheral tissues through a tripartite interaction that includes CD4+ T cells and recruited dendritic cells. These findings lend evidence for the existence of a sophisticated T cell response mechanism in extra-lymphoid tissues that can act to control localized infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Allan RS, Smith CM, Belz GT, van Lint AL, Wakim LM, Heath WR, Carbone FR. Epidermal viral immunity induced by CD8alpha+ dendritic cells but not by Langerhans cells. Science 2003; 301:1925-8. [PMID: 14512632 DOI: 10.1126/science.1087576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The classical paradigm for dendritic cell function derives from the study of Langerhans cells, which predominate within skin epidermis. After an encounter with foreign agents, Langerhans cells are thought to migrate to draining lymph nodes, where they initiate T cell priming. Contrary to this, we show here that infection of murine epidermis by herpes simplex virus did not result in the priming of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by Langerhans cells. Rather, the priming response required a distinct CD8alpha+ dendritic cell subset. Thus, the traditional view of Langerhans cells in epidermal immunity needs to be revisited to accommodate a requirement for other dendritic cells in this response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/analysis
- Cell Separation
- Chimera
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Epidermis/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/analysis
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/analysis
- Langerhans Cells/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/analysis
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys S Allan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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