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Sherman A, Bertolini TB, Arisa S, Herzog RW, Kaczmarek R. Factor IX administration in the skin primes inhibitor formation and sensitizes hemophilia B mice to systemic factor IX administration. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:102248. [PMID: 38193070 PMCID: PMC10772885 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Factor IX inhibitor formation is the most serious complication of replacement therapy for the bleeding disorder hemophilia B, exacerbated by severe allergic reactions occurring in up to 60% of patients with inhibitors. Low success rates of immune tolerance induction therapy in hemophilia B necessitate the search for novel immune tolerance therapies. Skin-associated lymphoid tissues have been successfully targeted in allergen-specific immunotherapy. Objectives We aimed to develop a prophylactic immune tolerance protocol based on intradermal administration of FIX that would prevent inhibitor formation and/or anaphylaxis in response to replacement therapy. Methods We measured FIX inhibitor, anti-FIX immunoglobulin G1, and immunoglobulin E titers using the Bethesda assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after 4 weeks of twice-weekly intradermal FIX or FIX-Fc administration followed by 5 to 6 weeks of weekly systemic FIX injections in C3H/HeJ hemophilia B mice. We also measured skin antigen-presenting, follicular helper T, and germinal center B cell frequencies in skin-draining lymph nodes after a single or repeat intradermal FIX administration. Results Intradermal administration enhanced FIX inhibitor formation in response to systemic administration. We further found that intradermal administration alone triggers inhibitor formation, even at a low dose of 0.4 IU/kg, which is 100-fold lower than the intravenous dose of 40 IU/kg typically required to induce inhibitor development in hemophilia B mice. Also, intradermal administration triggered germinal center formation in skin-draining lymph nodes and sensitized mice to systemic administration. Factor IX-Fc fusion protein did not modulate inhibitor formation. Conclusion Intradermal FIX administration is highly immunogenic, suggesting that the skin compartment is not amenable to immune tolerance induction or therapeutic delivery of clotting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sherman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Thais B. Bertolini
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sreevani Arisa
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Biswas M, So K, Bertolini TB, Krishnan P, Rana J, Muñoz-Melero M, Syed F, Kumar SRP, Gao H, Xuei X, Terhorst C, Daniell H, Cao S, Herzog RW. Distinct functions and transcriptional signatures in orally induced regulatory T cell populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1278184. [PMID: 37954612 PMCID: PMC10637621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1278184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of antigen induces regulatory T cells (Treg) that can not only control local immune responses in the small intestine, but also traffic to the central immune system to deliver systemic suppression. Employing murine models of the inherited bleeding disorder hemophilia, we find that oral antigen administration induces three CD4+ Treg subsets, namely FoxP3+LAP-, FoxP3+LAP+, and FoxP3-LAP+. These T cells act in concert to suppress systemic antibody production induced by therapeutic protein administration. Whilst both FoxP3+LAP+ and FoxP3-LAP+ CD4+ T cells express membrane-bound TGF-β (latency associated peptide, LAP), phenotypic, functional, and single cell transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct characteristics in the two subsets. As judged by an increase in IL-2Rα and TCR signaling, elevated expression of co-inhibitory receptor molecules and upregulation of the TGFβ and IL-10 signaling pathways, FoxP3+LAP+ cells are an activated form of FoxP3+LAP- Treg. Whereas FoxP3-LAP+ cells express low levels of genes involved in TCR signaling or co-stimulation, engagement of the AP-1 complex members Jun/Fos and Atf3 is most prominent, consistent with potent IL-10 production. Single cell transcriptomic analysis further reveals that engagement of the Jun/Fos transcription factors is requisite for mediating TGFβ expression. This can occur via an Il2ra dependent or independent process in FoxP3+LAP+ or FoxP3-LAP+ cells respectively. Surprisingly, both FoxP3+LAP+ and FoxP3-LAP+ cells potently suppress and induce FoxP3 expression in CD4+ conventional T cells. In this process, FoxP3-LAP+ cells may themselves convert to FoxP3+ Treg. We conclude that orally induced suppression is dependent on multiple regulatory cell types with complementary and interconnected roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kaman So
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Thais B. Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Preethi Krishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Maite Muñoz-Melero
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Farooq Syed
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sandeep R. P. Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Kaczmarek R, Piñeros AR, Patterson PE, Bertolini TB, Perrin GQ, Sherman A, Born J, Arisa S, Arvin MC, Kamocka MM, Martinez MM, Dunn KW, Quinn SM, Morris JJ, Wilhelm AR, Kaisho T, Munoz-Melero M, Biswas M, Kaplan MH, Linnemann AK, George LA, Camire RM, Herzog RW. Factor VIII trafficking to CD4+ T cells shapes its immunogenicity and requires several types of antigen-presenting cells. Blood 2023; 142:290-305. [PMID: 37192286 PMCID: PMC10375270 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite >80 years of clinical experience with coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors, surprisingly little is known about the in vivo mechanism of this most serious complication of replacement therapy for hemophilia A. These neutralizing antidrug alloantibodies arise in ∼30% of patients. Inhibitor formation is T-cell dependent, but events leading up to helper T-cell activation have been elusive because of, in part, the complex anatomy and cellular makeup of the spleen. Here, we show that FVIII antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells critically depends on a select set of several anatomically distinct antigen-presenting cells, whereby marginal zone B cells and marginal zone and marginal metallophilic macrophages but not red pulp macrophages (RPMFs) participate in shuttling FVIII to the white pulp in which conventional dendritic cells (DCs) prime helper T cells, which then differentiate into follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation accelerated Tfh cell responses and germinal center and inhibitor formation, whereas systemic administration of FVIII alone in hemophilia A mice increased frequencies of monocyte-derived and plasmacytoid DCs. Moreover, FVIII enhanced T-cell proliferation to another protein antigen (ovalbumin), and inflammatory signaling-deficient mice were less likely to develop inhibitors, indicating that FVIII may have intrinsic immunostimulatory properties. Ovalbumin, which, unlike FVIII, is absorbed into the RPMF compartment, fails to elicit T-cell proliferative and antibody responses when administered at the same dose as FVIII. Altogether, we propose that an antigen trafficking pattern that results in efficient in vivo delivery to DCs and inflammatory signaling, shape the immunogenicity of FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Annie R. Piñeros
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Paige E. Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Thais B. Bertolini
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - George Q. Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Jameson Born
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sreevani Arisa
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Matthew C. Arvin
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Malgorzata M. Kamocka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Michelle M. Martinez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kenneth W. Dunn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sean M. Quinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Johnathan J. Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amelia R. Wilhelm
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maite Munoz-Melero
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lindsey A. George
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rodney M. Camire
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology and Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Bertolini TB, Herzog RW, Kumar SRP, Sherman A, Rana J, Kaczmarek R, Yamada K, Arisa S, Lillicrap D, Terhorst C, Daniell H, Biswas M. Suppression of anti-drug antibody formation against coagulation factor VIII by oral delivery of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in hemophilia A mice. Cell Immunol 2023; 385:104675. [PMID: 36746071 PMCID: PMC9993859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Active tolerance to ingested dietary antigens forms the basis for oral immunotherapy to food allergens or autoimmune self-antigens. Alternatively, oral administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody can be effective in modulating systemic immune responses without T cell depletion. Here we assessed the efficacy of full length and the F(ab')2 fragment of oral anti-CD3 to prevent anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation to clotting factor VIII (FVIII) protein replacement therapy in hemophilia A mice. A short course of low dose oral anti-CD3 F(ab')2 reduced the production of neutralizing ADAs, and suppression was significantly enhanced when oral anti-CD3 was timed concurrently with FVIII administration. Tolerance was accompanied by the early induction of FoxP3+LAP-, FoxP3+LAP+, and FoxP3-LAP+ populations of CD4+ T cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. FoxP3+LAP+ Tregs expressing CD69, CTLA-4, and PD1 persisted in spleens of treated mice, but did not produce IL-10. Finally, we attempted to combine the anti-CD3 approach with oral intake of FVIII antigen (using our previously established method of using lettuce plant cells transgenic for FVIII antigen fused to cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit, which suppresses ADAs in part through induction of IL-10 producing FoxP3-LAP+ Treg). However, combining these two approaches failed to improve suppression of ADAs. We conclude that oral anti-CD3 treatment is a promising approach to prevention of ADA formation in systemic protein replacement therapy, albeit via mechanisms distinct from and not synergistic with oral intake of bioencapsulated antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Sandeep R P Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Sherman
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sreevani Arisa
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Lillicrap
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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5
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Butterfield JSS, Yamada K, Bertolini TB, Syed F, Kumar SRP, Li X, Arisa S, Piñeros AR, Tapia A, Rogers CA, Li N, Rana J, Biswas M, Terhorst C, Kaufman RJ, de Jong YP, Herzog RW. IL-15 blockade and rapamycin rescue multifactorial loss of factor VIII from AAV-transduced hepatocytes in hemophilia A mice. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3552-3569. [PMID: 35821634 PMCID: PMC9734025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer has the potential to cure the X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia A. However, declining therapeutic coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) expression has plagued clinical trials. To assess the mechanistic underpinnings of this loss of FVIII expression, we developed a hemophilia A mouse model that shares key features observed in clinical trials. Following liver-directed AAV8 gene transfer in the presence of rapamycin, initial FVIII protein expression declines over time in the absence of antibody formation. Surprisingly, loss of FVIII protein production occurs despite persistence of transgene and mRNA, suggesting a translational shutdown rather than a loss of transduced hepatocytes. Some of the animals develop ER stress, which may be linked to hepatic inflammatory cytokine expression. FVIII protein expression is preserved by interleukin-15/interleukin-15 receptor blockade, which suppresses CD8+ T and natural killer cell responses. Interestingly, mice with initial FVIII levels >100% of normal had diminishing expression while still under immune suppression. Taken together, our findings of interanimal variability of the response, and the ability of the immune system to shut down transgene expression without utilizing cytolytic or antibody-mediated mechanisms, illustrate the challenges associated with FVIII gene transfer. Our protocols based upon cytokine blockade should help to maintain efficient FVIII expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S S Butterfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Kentaro Yamada
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Thais B Bertolini
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Farooq Syed
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sandeep R P Kumar
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sreevani Arisa
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Christopher A Rogers
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jyoti Rana
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Samford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ype P de Jong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Bertolini TB, Shirley JL, Zolotukhin I, Li X, Kaisho T, Xiao W, Kumar SRP, Herzog RW. Effect of CpG Depletion of Vector Genome on CD8 + T Cell Responses in AAV Gene Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672449. [PMID: 34135899 PMCID: PMC8200677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno associated viral (AAV) vectors have emerged as a preferred platform for in vivo gene replacement therapy and represent one of the most promising strategies to treat monogenetic disorders such as hemophilia. However, immune responses to gene transfer have hampered human gene therapy in clinical trials. Over the past decade, it has become clear that innate immune recognition provides signals for the induction of antigen-specific responses against vector or transgene product. In particular, TLR9 recognition of the vector's DNA genome in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) has been identified as a key factor. Data from clinical trials and pre-clinical studies implement CpG motifs in the vector genome as drivers of immune responses, especially of CD8+ T cell activation. Here, we demonstrate that cross-priming of AAV capsid-specific CD8+ T cells depends on XCR1+ dendritic cells (which are likely the main cross-presenting cell that cooperates with pDCs to activate CD8+ T cells) and can be minimized by the elimination of CpG motifs in the vector genome. Further, a CpG-depleted vector expressing human coagulation factor IX showed markedly reduced (albeit not entirely eliminated) CD8+ T cell infiltration upon intramuscular gene transfer in hemophilia B mice when compared to conventional CpG+ vector (comprised of native sequences), resulting in better preservation of transduced muscle fibers. Therefore, this deimmunization strategy is helpful in reducing the potential for CD8+ T cell responses to capsid or transgene product. However, CpG depletion had minimal effects on antibody responses against capsid or transgene product, which appear to be largely independent of CpG motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B. Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jamie L. Shirley
- Department Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Irene Zolotukhin
- Department Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sandeep R. P. Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Bertolini TB, Biswas M, Terhorst C, Daniell H, Herzog RW, Piñeros AR. Role of orally induced regulatory T cells in immunotherapy and tolerance. Cell Immunol 2020; 359:104251. [PMID: 33248367 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral antigen administration to induce regulatory T cells (Treg) takes advantage of regulatory mechanisms that the gastrointestinal tract utilizes to promote unresponsiveness against food antigens or commensal microorganisms. Recently, antigen-based oral immunotherapies (OITs) have shown efficacy as treatment for food allergy and autoimmune diseases. Similarly, OITs appear to prevent anti-drug antibody responses in replacement therapy for genetic diseases. Intestinal epithelial cells and microbiota possibly condition dendritic cells (DC) toward a tolerogenic phenotype that induces Treg via expression of several mediators, e.g. IL-10, transforming growth factor-β, retinoic acid. Several factors, such as metabolites derived from microbiota or diet, impact the stability and expansion of these induced Treg, which include, but are not limited to, FoxP3+ Treg, LAP+ Treg, and/or Tr1 cells. Here, we review various orally induced Treg, their plasticity and cooperation between the Treg subsets, as well as underlying mechanisms controlling their induction and role in oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Moanaro Biswas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Kumar SRP, Wang X, Avuthu N, Bertolini TB, Terhorst C, Guda C, Daniell H, Herzog RW. Role of Small Intestine and Gut Microbiome in Plant-Based Oral Tolerance for Hemophilia. Front Immunol 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 32508814 PMCID: PMC7251037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusion proteins, which consist of factor VIII or factor IX and the transmucosal carrier cholera toxin subunit B, expressed in chloroplasts and bioencapsulated within plant cells, initiate tolerogenic immune responses in the intestine when administered orally. This approach induces regulatory T cells (Treg), which suppress inhibitory antibody formation directed at hemophilia proteins induced by intravenous replacement therapy in hemophilia A and B mice. Further analyses of Treg CD4+ lymphocyte sub-populations in hemophilia B mice reveal a marked increase in the frequency of CD4+CD25-FoxP3-LAP+ T cells (but not of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells) in the lamina propria of the small but not large intestine. The adoptive transfer of very small numbers of CD4+CD25-LAP+ Treg isolated from the spleen of tolerized mice was superior in suppression of antibodies directed against FIX when compared to CD4+CD25+ T cells. Thus, tolerance induction by oral delivery of antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells occurs via the unique immune system of the small intestine, and suppression of antibody formation is primarily carried out by induced latency-associated peptide (LAP) expressing Treg that likely migrate to the spleen. Tolerogenic antigen presentation in the small intestine requires partial enzymatic degradation of plant cell wall by commensal bacteria in order to release the antigen. Microbiome analysis of hemophilia B mice showed marked differences between small and large intestine. Remarkably, bacterial species known to produce a broad spectrum of enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell wall components were found in the small intestine, in particular in the duodenum. These were highly distinct from populations of cell wall degrading bacteria found in the large intestine. Therefore, FIX antigen presentation and Treg induction by the immune system of the small intestine relies on activity of a distinct microbiome that can potentially be augmented to further enhance this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep R. P. Kumar
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IAPUI, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nagavardhini Avuthu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Thais B. Bertolini
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IAPUI, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IAPUI, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Piñeros AR, de Lima MHF, Rodrigues T, Gembre AF, Bertolini TB, Fonseca MD, Berretta AA, Ramalho LNZ, Cunha FQ, Hori JI, Bonato VLD. Green propolis increases myeloid suppressor cells and CD4 +Foxp3 + cells and reduces Th2 inflammation in the lungs after allergen exposure. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 252:112496. [PMID: 31870795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis is a natural product produced by honeybees used as a medicine at least to 300 BC. In the last decades, several studies showed biological and pharmacological properties of propolis, witch scientifically explains the empirical use for centuries. The anti-inflammatory activity of propolis with the purpose to reduce Th2 inflammation has been evaluated in allergic asthma. However, it remains to be determined how propolis negatively regulates the immune response after allergen re-exposure. AIM OF THE STUDY We hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory activity of propolis is dependent on the induction of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess this hypothesis, we used an ovalbumin-induced asthma model to evaluate the effect of EPP-AF® dry extract from Brazilian green propolis. RESULTS Propolis treatment decreased pulmonary inflammation and mucus production as well as eosinophils and IL-5 in the broncoalveolar lavage. Propolis enhanced also in vitro differentiation and in vivo frequency of lung MDSC and CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. CONCLUSIONS Together these results confirm the immunomodulatory potential of propolis during sensitization and challenge with allergen. In addition, the collecting findings show, for the first time, that propolis increases the frequency of MDSC and CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the lungs, and suggest that it could be use as target for development of new immunotherapy or adjuvant immunotherapy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R Piñeros
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mikhael H F de Lima
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Rodrigues
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Gembre
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thais B Bertolini
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Miriam D Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Andresa A Berretta
- Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandra N Z Ramalho
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana I Hori
- Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vânia L D Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Bertolini TB, Piñeros AR, Prado RQ, Gembre AF, Ramalho LNZ, Alves-Filho JC, Bonato VLD. CCR4-dependent reduction in the number and suppressor function of CD4 +Foxp3 + cells augments IFN-γ-mediated pulmonary inflammation and aggravates tuberculosis pathogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 10:11. [PMID: 30584243 PMCID: PMC6315058 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary inflammation marked predominantly by CD4+IFN-γ+ cells is the hallmark of tuberculosis pathogenesis in immunocompetent adults, who are substantially affected by this disease. Moreover, CD4+Foxp3+ cell-mediated suppression contributes to infection susceptibility. We addressed the role of CD4+Foxp3+ cells in tuberculosis pathogenesis, because this aspect has not been addressed during chronic infection. We targeted CCR4, which induces the influx of CD4+Foxp3+ cells into the lungs. CCR4−/− mice exhibited a lower frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ cells at 15, 30, and 70 days of infection than their wild-type counterparts. However, only at 70 days of infection was an exacerbated IFN-γ-mediated immune response associated with apparent tuberculosis pathogenesis and susceptibility. In addition, CCR4−/− mice exhibited a decrease in the suppressor function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Adoptive transfer of Foxp3+ cells into infected CCR4−/− mice restored pulmonary inflammation and bacterial load to levels observed in wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that CD4+Foxp3+ cells play a time-dependent role in tuberculosis and highlight that CCR4 plays a critical role in the balance of IFN-γ-mediated inflammation by regulating the influx and function of CD4+Foxp3+ cells. Our findings are translationally relevant, as CD4+Foxp3+ cells or CCR4 could be a target for immunotherapy, considering the heterogeneity of tuberculosis in immunocompetent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Bertolini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Annie R Piñeros
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Q Prado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandra N Z Ramalho
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia L D Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Cavalcanti-Neto MP, Prado RQ, Piñeros AR, Sérgio CA, Bertolini TB, Gembre AF, Ramos SG, Bonato VL. Improvement of the resistance against early Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infection in the absence of PI3Kγ enzyme is associated with increase of CD4+IL-17+ cells and neutrophils. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:1-9. [PMID: 30514491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the impossibility to study the lung immune response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent infection, and consequently, the mechanisms that control the bacterial load, it is reasonable to determine the activation of local immunity in the early phase of the infection. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma enzyme (PI3Kγ) is involved in the leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis and cellular differentiation, and therefore, it is considered a promising target for the development of immunotherapies for chronic inflammatory diseases. Mice genetically deficient in PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ-/-) or WT (Wild Type) were evaluated 15 days post-infection. The enzyme deficiency improved the resistance against infection, increased the frequency of CD4+IL-17+ cells, the production of IL-17 as well as the gene and protein expression of molecules associated with Th17 cell differentiation and neutrophil recruitment. Our findings show, for the first time, the participation of the PI3Kγ in vivo in the M. tuberculosis-infection, and suggest an association of Th17 cells with protection in the early phase of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Cavalcanti-Neto
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Modulation, Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari, Brazil
| | - R Q Prado
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A R Piñeros
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Sérgio
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Bertolini
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A F Gembre
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S G Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V L Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Piñeros AR, Campos LW, Fonseca DM, Bertolini TB, Gembre AF, Prado RQ, Alves-Filho JC, Ramos SG, Russo M, Bonato VLD. M2 macrophages or IL-33 treatment attenuate ongoing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41240. [PMID: 28128217 PMCID: PMC5269597 DOI: 10.1038/srep41240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of mycobacterial infections on lung allergy are well documented. However, the inverse relationship between tuberculosis and type 2 immunity is still elusive. Although type 1 immunity is essential to protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis it might be also detrimental to the host due to the induction of extensive tissue damage. Here, we determined whether lung type 2 immunity induced by allergen sensitization and challenge could affect the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection. We used two different protocols in which sensitization and allergen challenge were performed before or after M. tuberculosis infection. We found an increased resistance to M. tuberculosis only when allergen exposure was given after, but not before infection. Infected mice exposed to allergen exhibited lower bacterial load and cellular infiltrates in the lungs. Enhanced resistance to infection after allergen challenge was associated with increased gene expression of alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) and IL-33 levels. Accordingly, either adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages or systemic IL-33 treatment was effective in attenuating M. tuberculosis infection. Notably, the enhanced resistance induced by allergen exposure was dependent on IL-33 receptor ST2. Our work indicates that IL-33 might be an alternative therapeutic treatment for severe tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Piñeros
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L W Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Bertolini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A F Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Q Prado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Alves-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S G Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Russo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V L D Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Prado RQ, Bertolini TB, Piñeros AR, Gembre AF, Ramos SG, Silva CL, Borges MC, Bonato VLD. Attenuation of experimental asthma by mycobacterial protein combined with CpG requires a TLR9-dependent IFN-γ-CCR2 signalling circuit. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1459-71. [PMID: 25944185 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by a Th2 inflammatory response. The modulation of a Th2 immune response based on immune deviation to a Th1 pattern or induction and migration of regulatory T cells to the lungs constitutes one of the major therapeutic approaches that is being investigated for the treatment of allergic asthma. The potentials of Mycobacterium leprae 65-kD heat-shock protein or Toll-like receptor 9 ligand (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides) as immune modulators for the treatment of airway allergic disease have been studied individually. OBJECTIVE Mycobacterial protein combined with CpG was used as immunotherapy for airway allergy. METHODS Using an ovalbumin-induced asthma model, mice were sensitized and challenged, and then treated with mycobacterial heat-shock protein (Hsp65) combined with CpG. RESULTS The treatment of mice with established allergy led to the attenuation of eosinophilia, Th2 cytokines and airway hyperresponsiveness. Hsp65 plus CpG treatment also induced an increase in OVA-specific IFN-γ levels and in the frequency of lung inflammatory monocytes. Moreover, we show that the reduction of eosinophilia and the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes to the lungs required early triggering of TLR9, IFN-γ and CCR2 by immunotherapy components. CONCLUSION In addition to immune deviation to a Th1 response in the modulation of Th2 allergic inflammation, our findings also attribute an important role to the innate response mediated by TLR9, associated with the recruitment of CCR2-dependent monocytes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings show that the Hsp65/CpG treatment is a promising strategy for consideration in translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Q Prado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - T B Bertolini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - A R Piñeros
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - A F Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - S G Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - C L Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M C Borges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - V L D Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Sérgio CA, Bertolini TB, Gembre AF, Prado RQ, Bonato VLD. CD11c(+) CD103(+) cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected C57BL/6 but not of BALB/c mice induce a high frequency of interferon-γ- or interleukin-17-producing CD4(+) cells. Immunology 2015; 144:574-86. [PMID: 25322675 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of the cellular adaptive immune response is critical for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the chronic phase. In addition, the genetic background is equally important for resistance or susceptibility to tuberculosis. In this study, we addressed whether lung populations of dendritic cells, obtained from genetically different hosts, would play a role in the magnitude and function of CD4(+) populations generated after M. tuberculosis infection. Thirty days post-infection, C57BL/6 mice, which generate a stronger interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-mediated immune response than BALB/c mice, exhibited a higher number and frequency of lung CD11c(+) CD11b(-) CD103(+) cells compared with BALB/c mice, which exhibited a high frequency of lung CD11c(+) CD11b(+) CD103(-) cells. CD11c(+) CD11b(-) CD103(+) cells, purified from lungs of infected C57BL/6 mice, but not from infected BALB/c mice, induced a higher frequency of IFN-γ-producing or interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing CD4(+) cells. Moreover, CD4(+) cells also arrive at the lung of C57BL/6 mice faster than in BALB/c mice. This pattern of immune response seems to be associated with higher gene expression for CCL4, CCL19, CCL20 and CCR5 in the lungs of infected C57BL/6 mice compared with infected BALB/c mice. The results described here show that the magnitude of IFN-γ-producing or IL-17-producing CD4(+) cells is dependent on CD11c(+) CD11b(-) CD103(+) cells, and this pattern of immune response is directly associated with the host genetic background. Therefore, differences in the genetic background contribute to the identification of immunological biomarkers that can be used to design human assays to predict progression of M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia A Sérgio
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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