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Wang Y, Tu S, Huang Y, Qin K, Chen Z. MicroRNA-181a regulates Treg functions via TGF-β1/Smad axis in the spleen of mice with acute gouty arthritis induced by MSU crystals. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12002. [PMID: 36477951 PMCID: PMC9728631 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in restricting inflammatory pathogenesis and limiting undesirable Th2 response to environmental allergens. However, the role of miR-181a in regulating acute gouty arthritis (AGA) and Treg function remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential roles of miR-181a in Treg immunity and the associated signaling pathway in the AGA mouse model. A solution with monosodium urate (MSU) crystals was injected into the joint tissue of mice to induce AGA. ELISA was used to examine inflammatory factors in blood samples, and flow cytometry was used to analyze Treg profile in mice with MSU-induced AGA. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by CCK-8 assay. TGF-β1/Smad signaling activation was detected by western blot. We found that miR-181a expression showed a positive correlation with the changes of splenic Tregs percentage in AGA mice. miR-181a regulated the TGF-β1/Smad axis, since the transfection of miR-181a mimic increased the level of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in Tregs in AGA mice. Additionally, miR-181a mimic also promoted responses of Tregs via TGF-β1 in vitro and in vivo. Our work uncovered a vital role of miR-181a in the immune function of Treg cells by mediating the activity of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway in the AGA mouse model induced by MSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Jin H, Zhou Y, Wang L. The mechanism of rapamycin in promoting asthmatic regulatory T cell differentiation and function. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:621-626. [PMID: 34986526 PMCID: PMC8732247 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of rapamycin in promoting asthmatic regulatory T cell differentiation . Asthma model was prepared by sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin in mice. Spleen CD4CD25 T cells were sorted from the asthmatic mice and normal mice by ultrahigh speed flow cytometer, and divided into three groups. Transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-2, or combined with rapamycin (final concentration of 500 nmol/L) were given in the model group or the rapamycin group. The levels of Treg cells and CD4CD25 T cells were detected by flow cytometry. The phosphorylation level of downstream proteins of S6 and Akt in the mTORC1/2 signaling pathway were examined by Western blotting. Compared with the model group, the differentiation level of Treg cells in the rapamycin group was significantly increased, the proliferation level of CD4CD25 T cells was decreased, and the phosphorylations of the mTORC1/2 substrates, S6 protein and Akt were decreased (all <0.05). Rapamycin can promote the differentiation and function of Treg cells via inhibition of the mTORC1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Kurebayashi Y, Olkowski CP, Lane KC, Vasalatiy OV, Xu BC, Okada R, Furusawa A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H, Sato N. Rapid Depletion of Intratumoral Regulatory T Cells Induces Synchronized CD8 T- and NK-cell Activation and IFNγ-Dependent Tumor Vessel Regression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3092-3104. [PMID: 33574087 PMCID: PMC8178213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to inhibit antitumor immunity, yet the specific mechanism by which intratumoral Tregs promote tumor growth remains unclear. To better understand the roles of intratumoral Tregs, we selectively depleted tumor-infiltrating Tregs using anti-CD25-F(ab')2 near-infrared photoimmunotherapy. Depletion of tumor-infiltrating Tregs induced transient but synchronized IFNγ expression in CD8 T and natural killer (NK) cells. Despite the small fraction of CD8 T and NK cells contained within examined tumors, IFNγ produced by these CD8 T and NK cells led to efficient and rapid tumor vessel regression, intratumoral ischemia, and tumor necrosis/apoptosis and growth suppression. IFNγ receptor expression on vascular endothelial cells was required for these effects. Similar findings were observed in the early phase of systemic Treg depletion in tumor-bearing Foxp3DTR mice; combination with IL15 therapy further inhibited tumor growth and achieved increased complete regression. These results indicate the pivotal roles of intratumoral Tregs in maintaining tumor vessels and tumor growth by suppressing CD8 T and NK cells from producing IFNγ, providing insight into the mechanism of Treg-targeting therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: Intratumoral Treg depletion induces synchronized intratumoral CD8 T- and NK-cell activation, IFNγ-dependent tumor vessel regression, and ischemic tumor necrosis/apoptosis, indicating the roles of intratumoral Tregs to support the tumor vasculature. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/11/3092/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kurebayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Colleen P Olkowski
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kelly C Lane
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Olga V Vasalatiy
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Biying C Xu
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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4
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Zhu J, Inomata T, Fujimoto K, Uchida K, Fujio K, Nagino K, Miura M, Negishi N, Okumura Y, Akasaki Y, Hirosawa K, Kuwahara M, Eguchi A, Shokirova H, Yanagawa A, Midorikawa-Inomata A, Murakami A. Ex Vivo-Induced Bone Marrow-Derived Myeloid Suppressor Cells Prevent Corneal Allograft Rejection in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:3. [PMID: 34061951 PMCID: PMC8185403 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of ex vivo-induced bone marrow myeloid-derived suppressor cells (BM-MDSCs) on allogeneic immune responses in corneal transplantation. Methods Bone marrow cells from C57BL/6J (B6) mice were cultured with IL-6 and GM-CSF for four days. The ex vivo induction of the BM-MDSCs was assessed using flow cytometry, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and nitric oxide (NO) production in allogeneic stimulation. T-cell proliferation and regulatory T-cell (Treg) expansion were investigated on allogeneic stimulation in the presence of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs. IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β1 protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. After subconjunctival injection of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs, the migration of the BM-MDSCs into corneal grafts, allogeneic corneal graft survival, neovascularization, and lymphangiogenesis were assessed using flow cytometry, slit-lamp microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Results The combination of GM-CSF and IL-6 significantly induced BM-MDSCs with increased iNos mRNA expression. The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs promoted NO release in allogeneic stimulation in vitro. The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs inhibited T-cell proliferation and promoted Treg expansion. Decreased IFN-γ and increased IL-2, IL-10, and TGF-β1 production was observed in coculture of ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs. Injected ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs were confirmed to migrate into the grafts. The injected BM-MDSCs also prolonged corneal graft survival and prevented angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Conclusions The ex vivo-induced BM-MDSCs have suppressive effects on allogeneic immune responses and prolong corneal allograft survival via the iNOS pathway, indicating that they may be a potential therapeutic tool for corneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Negishi
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Indoor Environment Neurophysiology Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Strategic Operating Room Management and Improvement, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizu Kuwahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Eguchi
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hurramhon Shokirova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Yanagawa
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Midorikawa-Inomata
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Russler-Germain EV, Yi J, Young S, Nutsch K, Wong HS, Ai TL, Chai JN, Durai V, Kaplan DH, Germain RN, Murphy KM, Hsieh CS. Gut Helicobacter presentation by multiple dendritic cell subsets enables context-specific regulatory T cell generation. eLife 2021; 10:54792. [PMID: 33533717 PMCID: PMC7877908 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of tolerogenic peripheral regulatory T (pTreg) cells is commonly thought to involve CD103+ gut dendritic cells (DCs), yet their role in commensal-reactive pTreg development is unclear. Using two Helicobacter-specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mouse lines, we found that both CD103+ and CD103- migratory, but not resident, DCs from the colon-draining mesenteric lymph node presented Helicobacter antigens to T cells ex vivo. Loss of most CD103+ migratory DCs in vivo using murine genetic models did not affect the frequency of Helicobacter-specific pTreg cell generation or induce compensatory tolerogenic changes in the remaining CD103- DCs. By contrast, activation in a Th1-promoting niche in vivo blocked Helicobacter-specific pTreg generation. Thus, these data suggest a model where DC-mediated effector T cell differentiation is 'dominant', necessitating that all DC subsets presenting antigen are permissive for pTreg cell induction to maintain gut tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie V Russler-Germain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jaeu Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Shannon Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Katherine Nutsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Harikesh S Wong
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Teresa L Ai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Vivek Durai
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Immunology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
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6
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Drerup JM, Deng Y, Pandeswara SL, Padrón ÁS, Reyes RM, Zhang X, Mendez J, Liu A, Clark CA, Chen W, Conejo-Garcia JR, Hurez V, Gupta H, Curiel TJ. CD122-Selective IL2 Complexes Reduce Immunosuppression, Promote Treg Fragility, and Sensitize Tumor Response to PD-L1 Blockade. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5063-5075. [PMID: 32948605 PMCID: PMC7669742 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The IL2 receptor (IL2R) is an attractive cancer immunotherapy target that controls immunosuppressive T regulatory cells (Treg) and antitumor T cells. Here we used IL2Rβ-selective IL2/anti-IL2 complexes (IL2c) to stimulate effector T cells preferentially in the orthotopic mouse ID8agg ovarian cancer model. Despite strong tumor rejection, IL2c unexpectedly lowered the tumor microenvironmental CD8+/Treg ratio. IL2c reduced tumor microenvironmental Treg suppression and induced a fragile Treg phenotype, helping explain improved efficacy despite numerically increased Tregs without affecting Treg in draining lymph nodes. IL2c also reduced Treg-mediated, high-affinity IL2R signaling needed for optimal Treg functions, a likely mechanism for reduced Treg suppression. Effector T-cell IL2R signaling was simultaneously improved, suggesting that IL2c inhibits Treg functions without hindering effector T cells, a limitation of most Treg depletion agents. Anti-PD-L1 antibody did not treat ID8agg, but adding IL2c generated complete tumor regressions and protective immune memory not achieved by either monotherapy. Similar anti-PD-L1 augmentation of IL2c and degradation of Treg functions were seen in subcutaneous B16 melanoma. Thus, IL2c is a multifunctional immunotherapy agent that stimulates immunity, reduces immunosuppression in a site-specific manner, and combines with other immunotherapies to treat distinct tumors in distinct anatomic compartments. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings present CD122-targeted IL2 complexes as an advancement in cancer immunotherapy, as they reduce Treg immunosuppression, improve anticancer immunity, and boost PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in distinct tumors and anatomic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Drerup
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yilun Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Álvaro S Padrón
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ryan M Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Jenny Mendez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Aijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Curtis A Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | - Vincent Hurez
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Harshita Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
- Mays Family Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas
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7
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Ius F, Salman J, Knoefel AK, Sommer W, Nakagiri T, Verboom M, Siemeni T, Poyanmehr R, Bobylev D, Kuehn C, Avsar M, Erdfelder C, Hallensleben M, Boethig D, Hecker H, Schwerk N, Mueller C, Welte T, Falk C, Preissler G, Haverich A, Tudorache I, Warnecke G. Increased frequency of CD4 + CD25 high CD127 low T cells early after lung transplant is associated with improved graft survival - a retrospective study. Transpl Int 2020; 33:503-516. [PMID: 31903646 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this retrospective study, we analyzed the presence of any association of three CD4+ CD25high regulatory T-cell subpopulations at 3 weeks after lung transplantation with the later incidence of chronic lung allograft dysfunction and graft survival. Among lung-transplanted patients between January 2009 and April 2018, only patients with sufficient T-cell measurements at 3 weeks after transplantation were included into the study. Putative regulatory T cells were defined as CD4+ CD25high T cells, detected in peripheral blood and further analyzed for CD127low , FoxP3+ , and CD152+ using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Associations of regulatory T cells with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and graft survival were evaluated using Cox analysis. During the study period, 724 (71%) patients were included into the study. Freedom from chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and graft survival amounted to 66% and 68% at 5 years. At the multivariable analysis, increasing frequencies of CD127low were associated with better freedom from CLAD (hazard ratio for each 1% increase of %CD127low , HR = 0.989, 95% CI = 0.981-0.996, P = 0.003) and better graft survival (HR = 0.991, 95% CI = 0.984-0.999, P = 0.026). A higher frequency of CD127low regulatory T cells in peripheral blood early after lung transplantation estimated a protective effect against chronic lung allograft dysfunction, mortality, and re-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ius
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jawad Salman
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Knoefel
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Sommer
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tomoyuki Nakagiri
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Murielle Verboom
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thierry Siemeni
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reza Poyanmehr
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dmitry Bobylev
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Kuehn
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Murat Avsar
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Erdfelder
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Boethig
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hecker
- Institute for Biometry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Schwerk
- Department of pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Mueller
- Department of pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Preissler
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Munich Lung Transplant Group, Ludwig-Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Igor Tudorache
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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8
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Chang H, Lin Y, Lei K, Wang F, Zhang QQ, Zhang QY. [Role of hypomethylation of suppressor of cytokine signaling in T helper 17 cell/ regulatory T cell imbalance in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2019; 21:38-44. [PMID: 30675862 PMCID: PMC7390174 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) hypomethylation and T helper 17 (Th17) cell/regulatory T (Treg) cell imbalance in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and the immune pathogenesis of HSP. METHODS A total of 32 children in the acute stage of HSP who were hospitalized from May 2014 to January 2015 were enrolled as subjects, and 28 children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as normal control group. ELISA was used to measure the plasma level of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells (Th17 cells) and CD4+CD25+ Treg cells (Treg cells) in peripheral blood and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for phosphorylated-STAT3 (pSTAT3) protein in CD4+ T cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in CD4+ T cells. High-resolution melting (HRM) was used to evaluate the methylation level of the CpG islands in SOCS1 exon 2 and the CpG islands of the potential bind sites for STAT3 in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of SOCS3 in peripheral blood mononucleated cells. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group, the HSP group had significant increases in plasma IL-6 concentration and MFI for pSTAT3 in CD4+ T cells, as well as a significant increase in the percentage of Th17 cells and a significant reduction in the percentage of Treg cells (P<0.05). The HSP group had significantly higher mRNA expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in peripheral blood mononucleated cells than the normal control group (P<0.05). In the HSP group, the mRNA expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 was negatively correlated with Th17/Treg ratio (P<0.05). The HSP group had hypomethylation of the CpG islands in SOCS1 exon 2 and the potential binding site for STAT3 in SOCS3 5'-UTR, while the normal control group had complete demethylation. CONCLUSIONS Low relative expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 caused by hypomethylation may be a factor for Th17/Treg imbalance in children with HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Nephrology and Rheumatism, Affliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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Shabaneh TB, Molodtsov AK, Steinberg SM, Zhang P, Torres GM, Mohamed GA, Boni A, Curiel TJ, Angeles CV, Turk MJ. Oncogenic BRAF V600E Governs Regulatory T-cell Recruitment during Melanoma Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5038-5049. [PMID: 30026331 PMCID: PMC6319620 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical mediators of immunosuppression in established tumors, although little is known about their role in restraining immunosurveillance during tumorigenesis. Here, we employ an inducible autochthonous model of melanoma to investigate the earliest Treg and CD8 effector T-cell responses during oncogene-driven tumorigenesis. Induction of oncogenic BRAFV600E and loss of Pten in melanocytes led to localized accumulation of FoxP3+ Tregs, but not CD8 T cells, within 1 week of detectable increases in melanocyte differentiation antigen expression. Melanoma tumorigenesis elicited early expansion of shared tumor/self-antigen-specific, thymically derived Tregs in draining lymph nodes, and induced their subsequent recruitment to sites of tumorigenesis in the skin. Lymph node egress of tumor-activated Tregs was required for their C-C chemokine receptor 4 (Ccr4)-dependent homing to nascent tumor sites. Notably, BRAFV600E signaling controlled expression of Ccr4-cognate chemokines and governed recruitment of Tregs to tumor-induced skin sites. BRAFV600E expression alone in melanocytes resulted in nevus formation and associated Treg recruitment, indicating that BRAFV600E signaling is sufficient to recruit Tregs. Treg depletion liberated immunosurveillance, evidenced by CD8 T-cell responses against the tumor/self-antigen gp100, which was concurrent with the formation of microscopic neoplasia. These studies establish a novel role for BRAFV600E as a tumor cell-intrinsic mediator of immune evasion and underscore the critical early role of Treg-mediated suppression during autochthonous tumorigenesis.Significance: This work provides new insights into the mechanisms by which oncogenic pathways impact immune regulation in the nascent tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5038-49. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer B Shabaneh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Aleksey K Molodtsov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Shannon M Steinberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Peisheng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Gretel M Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Gadisti A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Andrea Boni
- Spectrum Healthcare Partners, South Portland, Maine
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Christina V Angeles
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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10
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Collins CB, Puthoor PR, Nguyen TT, Strassheim D, Jedlicka P, Friedman JE, de Zoeten EF. C/EBPβ Deletion Promotes Expansion of Poorly Functional Intestinal Regulatory T Cells. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1475-1485. [PMID: 30085016 PMCID: PMC8877170 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory Bowel Diseases [IBDs] are chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions in part mediated by CD4+ T cells. Anti-inflammatory Foxp3+ regulatory T cells [Tregs] maintain immune homeostasis and protect against IBD development via multiple mechanisms, including cytokine secretion and cell-cell interaction. CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta [C/EBPβ] is a stress-responsive transcription factor linked with IBD susceptibility. Whole-body C/EBPβ deficiency induces CD4+ T cell-predominant hyperproliferation, and we hypothesize that this may be due to impaired Treg function. METHODS We used the C/EBPβ-/- mice in the CD45RBHigh adoptive transfer model, to assess C/EBPβ-/- CD4+ T cells for their colitiogenic potential, and C/EBPβ-/- CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs for their ability to inhibit colitis. We assessed Tregs from the C/EBPβ-/- mice for expression of Treg functional genes and proteins. RESULTS Naïve C/EBPβ-/- CD4+ T cells are more colitogenic in vivo. The exacerbated colitis does not appear to reflect impaired Treg development, however, as C/EBPβ-/- mice displayed more, rather than fewer intestinal CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo. Instead, this reflects impaired Treg function as seen by the reduced capacity to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro, along with decreased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These findings were corroborated in vivo by additional adoptive co-transfer studies in which wildtype Tregs prevented colitis but C/EBPβ-/- Tregs did not. CONCLUSION C/EBPβ deficiency impairs Treg function and potentiates T cell-mediated colitis. A clearer understanding of the function of this transcription factor may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm B Collins
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Pamela R Puthoor
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA,Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edwin F de Zoeten
- Corresponding author: Edwin F. de Zoeten M.D., Ph.D., Children’s Hospital Colorado, Digestive Health Institute, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B290, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Tel: 1-720-777-5415; Fax: 1-720-777-7277;
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11
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DiDomenico J, Lamano JB, Oyon D, Li Y, Veliceasa D, Kaur G, Ampie L, Choy W, Lamano JB, Bloch O. The immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 induces and maintains regulatory T cells in glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1448329. [PMID: 29900065 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1448329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) promotes immunosuppression through upregulation of PD-L1 and regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion, but the association of these suppressive factors has not been well elucidated. Here, we investigate a role of PD-L1 in expanding Tregs and the value of targeting the PD-1 receptor to inhibit Treg expansion. Quantitative RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were evaluated for an association between CD274 and FOXP3 transcript expressions and impact of FOXP3 on clinical outcomes. Peripheral leukocytes from patients with newly diagnosed GBM were profiled for PD-L1+ myeloid expressions and Treg abundance. Healthy lymphocytes were assessed for impact of recombinant PD-L1 on expansion of the inducible Treg (iTreg) population. iTreg function was evaluated by the capacity to suppress effector T cell proliferation. Specificity of responses were confirmed by pharmacologic inhibition of the PD-1 receptor. Increased PD-L1 mRNA expression in GBM corresponded to increased FOXP3 mRNA (p = 0.028). FOXP3 elevation had a negative impact on overall survival (HR = 2.0; p < 0.001). Peripheral PD-L1 positivity was associated with an increased Treg fraction (p = 0.008). Lymphocyte activation with PD-L1 co-stimulation resulted in greater iTreg expansion compared to activation alone (18.3% vs. 6.5%; p < 0.001) and improved preservation of the Treg phenotype. Suppressive capacity on naïve T cell proliferation was sustained. Nivolumab inhibited PD-L1-induced Treg expansion (p < 0.001). These results suggest that PD-L1 may expand and maintain immunosuppressive Tregs, which are associated with decreased survival in glioma patients. Blockade of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis may reduce Treg expansion and further improve T cell function beyond the direct impact on effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph DiDomenico
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Jonathan B Lamano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Daniel Oyon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Dorina Veliceasa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Leonel Ampie
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Winward Choy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jason B Lamano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Orin Bloch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
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12
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Lu FC, Nong GM. [Role of programmed death-1 in viral infectious diseases]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2018; 20:77-82. [PMID: 29335088 PMCID: PMC7390312 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The research on the immunoregulatory effect of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in infectious diseases mainly focuses on chronic viral infection, but there are few studies on acute viral infection. In chronic viral infection, PD-1 is highly expressed on the surface of CD8+ T cells, which is a sign of CD8+ T cell depletion. Recent studies have shown that in chronic viral infection, PD-1 is also highly expressed on the surface of regulatory T cells and binds to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of exhausted CD8+ T cells, resulting in a stronger inhibitory effect on CD8+ T cell immunity. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway between exhausted CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells can significantly reverse the depletion of CD8+ T cells and greatly improve the antiviral effect of CD8+ T cells. However, the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in acute viral infection remains unknown. This article summarizes the latest research on PD-1 in infectious diseases and discusses its role in acute and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ce Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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13
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Ke LQ, Wang FM, Luo YC. [Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on airway inflammation and Th17/Treg balance in asthmatic mice]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 19:699-704. [PMID: 28606240 PMCID: PMC7390301 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the airway inflammation and its regulatory effect on Th17/Treg imbalance in asthmatic mice. METHODS A total of 30 BALB/c mice were equally and randomly divided into three groups: control, asthma, and VIP. An acute asthmatic mouse model was established by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). The control group received normal saline instead of OVA. Before the challenge with OVA, the VIP group was administered VIP (20 μg/mL) by aerosol inhalation for 30 minutes. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the lung tissue were collected from mice. The pathological changes in the lung tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of Th17/Treg-related cytokines in BALF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The histopathological results showed that the VIP group had milder symptoms of airway inflammation than the asthma group. The level of IL-17 in BALF in the asthma group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the VIP group (P<0.01), but the level of IL-17 in the control group was significantly lower than that in the VIP group (P<0.01). The level of IL-10 in BALF in the asthma group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the VIP group (P<0.01, but the level of IL-10 in the VIP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The asthma group showed significantly higher expression levels of RORγt mRNA and protein in the lung tissue and significantly lower expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA and protein than the control group (P<0.01). The VIP group had significantly lower expression levels of RORγt mRNA and protein in the lung tissue and significantly higher expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA and protein than the asthma group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Th17/Treg imbalance may be closely related to the airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. VIP can improve airway inflammation by regulating the Th17/Treg imbalance in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Ke
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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14
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Steinberg SM, Shabaneh TB, Zhang P, Martyanov V, Li Z, Malik BT, Wood TA, Boni A, Molodtsov A, Angeles CV, Curiel TJ, Whitfield ML, Turk MJ. Myeloid Cells That Impair Immunotherapy Are Restored in Melanomas with Acquired Resistance to BRAF Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1599-1610. [PMID: 28202513 PMCID: PMC5380540 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitors (BRAFi) in melanoma remains a common clinical obstacle, as is the case for any targeted drug therapy that can be developed given the plastic nature of cancers. Although there has been significant focus on the cancer cell-intrinsic properties of BRAFi resistance, the impact of BRAFi resistance on host immunity has not been explored. Here we provide preclinical evidence that resistance to BRAFi in an autochthonous mouse model of melanoma is associated with restoration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the tumor microenvironment, initially reduced by BRAFi treatment. In contrast to restoration of MDSCs, levels of T regulatory cells remained reduced in BRAFi-resistant tumors. Accordingly, tumor gene expression signatures specific for myeloid cell chemotaxis and homeostasis reappeared in BRAFi-resistant tumors. Notably, MDSC restoration relied upon MAPK pathway reactivation and downstream production of the myeloid attractant CCL2 in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells. Strikingly, although combination checkpoint blockade (anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD-1) was ineffective against BRAFi-resistant melanomas, the addition of MDSC depletion/blockade (anti-Gr-1 + CCR2 antagonist) prevented outgrowth of BRAFi-resistant tumors. Our results illustrate how extrinsic pathways of immunosuppression elaborated by melanoma cells dominate the tumor microenvironment and highlight the need to target extrinsic as well as intrinsic mechanisms of drug resistance. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1599-610. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Steinberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Tamer B Shabaneh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Peisheng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Viktor Martyanov
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Zhenghui Li
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Brian T Malik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Tamara A Wood
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Andrea Boni
- Department of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Aleksey Molodtsov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Christina V Angeles
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Michael L Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire.
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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15
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD3+ γδ+ T cells comprise 2% to 5% of circulating T cells with Vγ9Vδ2+ cells the dominant circulating subtype. Vγ9Vδ2+ cells recognize non-peptide phosphoantigens and stress-associated NKG2D ligands expressed on malignant cells. Strategies that incorporate the tumoricidal properties of γδ T cells represent a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for treatment of solid malignancies including neuroblastoma (NB). In this prospective, non-randomized Phase I trial, we assessed whether circulating Vγ9Vδ2+ cells could be safely expanded using intravenous ZOL (Zoledronate [Zometa]) and subcutaneous Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with refractory NB. METHODS Patients 2 to 21 years of age with refractory neuroblastoma with no known curative therapeutic options received ZOL on day 1, and IL-2 on days 1 to 5 and 15 to 19 of each 28-day cycle (n = 4). Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was assessed weekly. Immunophenotyping studies from the treatment group were compared with healthy pediatric controls (n = 16; range, 5y-15y) and of untreated NB disease controls (n = 9; range, 4m-18y). RESULTS Treatment was well tolerated with no unexpected grade 3 and 4 toxicities. Lymphocyte subset counts did not differ significantly between volunteers and disease controls with the exception of γδ+ T cell counts that were significantly higher in healthy volunteers (212 + 93 vs. 89 + 42, P = 0.05). Study patients showed increases in circulating γδ+ T cell count (3-10 fold) after the first week, increasing into the range seen in healthy volunteers (125 + 37, P = 0.1940). Interestingly, all ZOL + IL-2 treated patients showed significant increases in CD3+CD4+CD27CD127 T cells that rose weekly in 2 patients throughout the 4 weeks of observation (maximum 41% and 24% of total CD3+CD4+ T cells, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In summary, combined ZOL and IL-2 is well tolerated and restored γδ+ T cell counts to the normal range with a moderate expansion of Natural Killer cells. Progressive increases in circulating CD4+ T cells with a regulatory phenotype cells may offset beneficial effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Kelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhiying You
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | - Lawrence S. Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Correspondence: Lawrence S. Lamb, Jr, Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Suite 510F Wallace Tumor Institute, 1824 Sixth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 (e-mail: )
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16
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Sugimoto T, Watanabe T. Follicular Lymphoma: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Prognosis. J Clin Exp Hematop 2016; 56. [PMID: 27334853 PMCID: PMC6247780 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of follicular lymphoma (FL) is composed of tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, lymphoma-associated macrophages and mast cells, follicular helper T cells, follicular dendritic cells, and follicular reticular cells, all of which have been reported to have relevance in the prognosis of FL patients. In addition, some of these cells play a role in the histologic transformation of FL. Macrophages contribute to a poor prognosis in FL patients treated in the pre-rituximab era, but are associated with good prognosis in those treated in the rituximab era. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein (TIM) 3 are markers of T-cell exhaustion, and T cells co-expressing programed death 1 (PD1) in peripheral blood and lymph nodes secrete interleukin (IL)-12 in the serum. Serum CXCL9, IL-2 receptor, and IL-1 receptor agonist are associated with shorter survival of FL patients. Agents for manipulation of the microenvironment surrounding FL cells include the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide, immune check-point inhibitors, and cyclophosphamide prior to rituximab. To battle FL and to improve the outcomes of FL patients, understanding the relationship between neoplastic cells and the various microenvironmental cellular components is crucial for developing therapeutics against the microenvironment.
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Abstract
PD-L1 and PD-1 (PD) pathway blockade is a highly promising therapy and has elicited durable antitumor responses and long-term remissions in a subset of patients with a broad spectrum of cancers. How to improve, widen, and predict the clinical response to anti-PD therapy is a central theme in the field of cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Oncologic, immunologic, genetic, and biological studies focused on the human cancer microenvironment have yielded substantial insight into this issue. Here, we focus on tumor microenvironment and evaluate several potential therapeutic response markers including the PD-L1 and PD-1 expression pattern, genetic mutations within cancer cells and neoantigens, cancer epigenetics and effector T cell landscape, and microbiota. We further clarify the mechanisms of action of these markers and their roles in shaping, being shaped, and/or predicting therapeutic responses. We also discuss a variety of combinations with PD pathway blockade and their scientific rationales for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine and the Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06519, USA.
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18
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Zhang J, Lapato A, Bodhankar S, Vandenbark AA, Offner H. Treatment with IL-10 producing B cells in combination with E2 ameliorates EAE severity and decreases CNS inflammation in B cell-deficient mice. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:1117-27. [PMID: 25776868 PMCID: PMC4561218 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinical improvement during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suggests that sex hormones exert potent regulatory effects on autoimmune function. Our previous studies demonstrated that estrogen- (17β-estradiol; E2) mediated protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for MS, hinges on the B cells, leading to elevated numbers of IL-10 secreting CD1d(hi)CD5(+) B regulatory cells (Bregs) in wild type mice. Our data show that co-administration of E2 and IL-10(+) B cells ameliorates EAE disease severity and limits CNS infiltrating leukocytes in B cell deficient mice. Additionally, treatment with E2 and Bregs reduces demyelination and dramatically decreases the proportion of CD11b(+)CD45(hi) activated microglia/macrophages found in the CNS of immunized animals compared to vehicle, E2 or Breg cells alone. Furthermore, mice given E2 and Bregs exhibit increased numbers of peripheral programmed death-1 positive CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and up-regulation of programmed death receptor-ligand-1 and CD80 expression on monocytes. Our study suggests IL-10 producing Bregs have powerful therapeutic potential as an agent against EAE when augmented with E2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Andrew Lapato
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Sheetal Bodhankar
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Arthur A. Vandenbark
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Correspondence author: Halina Offner, Neuroimmunology Research R&D-31, VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Halina Offner
- Neuroimmunology Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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19
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Matheu MP, Othy S, Greenberg ML, Dong TX, Schuijs M, Deswarte K, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Parker I, Cahalan MD. Imaging regulatory T cell dynamics and CTLA4-mediated suppression of T cell priming. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6219. [PMID: 25653051 PMCID: PMC4347855 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homoeostasis through mechanisms that remain incompletely defined. Here by two-photon (2P) imaging, we examine the cellular dynamics of endogenous Tregs. Tregs are identified as two non-overlapping populations in the T-zone and follicular regions of the lymph node (LN). In the T-zone, Tregs migrate more rapidly than conventional T cells (Tconv), extend longer processes and interact with resident dendritic cells (DC) and Tconv. Tregs intercept immigrant DCs and interact with antigen-induced DC:Tconv clusters, while continuing to form contacts with activated Tconv. During antigen-specific responses, blocking CTLA4-B7 interactions reduces Treg-Tconv interaction times, increases the volume of DC:Tconv clusters and enhances subsequent Tconv proliferation in vivo. Our results demonstrate a role for altered cellular choreography of Tregs through CTLA4-based interactions to limit T-cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie P. Matheu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Milton L. Greenberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Tobias X. Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Martijn Schuijs
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, University of Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ian Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michael D. Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Corresponding Author: Michael D. Cahalan ()
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Idorn M, Køllgaard T, Kongsted P, Sengeløv L, thor Straten P. Correlation between frequencies of blood monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells and negative prognostic markers in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:1177-87. [PMID: 25085000 PMCID: PMC11028426 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are believed to play a role in immune suppression and subsequent failure of T cells to mount an efficient anti-tumor response, by employing both direct T-cell inhibition as well as induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Investigating the frequency and function of immune suppressive cell subsets in the peripheral blood of 41 patients with prostate cancer (PC) and 36 healthy donors (HD) showed a significant increase in circulating CD14(+) HLA-DR(low/neg) monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) and Tregs in patients with PC compared to HD. Furthermore, M-MDSC frequencies correlated positively with Treg levels. In vitro proliferation assay with autologous T cells confirmed M-MDSC-mediated T-cell suppression, and intracellular staining of immune suppressive enzyme iNOS revealed a higher expression in M-MDSC from patients with PC. Increased frequencies of M-MDSC correlated with known negative prognostic markers in patients with PC including elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase and prostate-specific antigen. Accordingly, high levels of M-MDSC were associated with a shorter median overall survival. Our data strongly suggest that M-MDSC, possibly along with Tregs, play a role in establishing an immune suppressive environment in patients with PC. Moreover, correlation of M-MDSC frequency with known prognostic markers and the observed impact on OS could reflect a possible role in tumor progression. Further insight into the generation and function of MDSC and their interplay with Tregs and other cell types may suggest ways to tackle their induction and/or function to improve immunological tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Idorn
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tania Køllgaard
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Per Kongsted
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lisa Sengeløv
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital , Herlev, Denmark
| | - Per thor Straten
- Department of Hematology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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Baek SY, Lee J, Lee DG, Park MK, Lee J, Kwok SK, Cho ML, Park SH. Ursolic acid ameliorates autoimmune arthritis via suppression of Th17 and B cell differentiation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1177-87. [PMID: 25087995 PMCID: PMC4155530 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in most plant species, which has been shown anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. In this study, we examined the effects of UA on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, and to identify the mechanisms underlying the effects. METHODS CIA was induced in mice. Two weeks later, the mice were treated with UA (150 mg/kg, ip, 3 times per week) for 4 weeks. The expression of cytokines and oxidative stress markers in joint tissues was measured with immunohistochemistry. The numbers of CD4+IL-17+, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and pSTAT3 cells in spleens were determined using confocal immunostaining or flowcytometric analyses. Serum antibody levels and B cell-associated marker mRNAs were analyzed with ELISAs and qRT-PCR, respectively. CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells were purified from mice spleens for in vitro studies. RESULTS UA treatment significantly reduced the incidence and severity of CIA-induced arthritis, accompanied by decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-21 and IL-17) and oxidative stress markers (nitrotyrosine and iNOS) in arthritic joints. In CIA mice, UA treatment significantly decreased the number of Th17 cells, while increased the number of Treg cells in the spleens, which was consistent with decreased expression of pSTAT3, along with IL-17 and RORγt in the splenocytes. In addition, UA treatment significantly reduced the serum CII-specific IgG levels in CIA mice. The inhibitory effects of UA on Th17 cells were confirmed in an in vitro model of Th17 differentiation. Furthermore, UA dose-dependently suppressed the expression of B cell-associated markers Bcl-6, Blimp1 and AID mRNAs in purified CD19+ B cells pretreated with IL-21 or LPS in vitro. CONCLUSION UA treatment significantly ameliorates CIA in mice via suppression of Th17 and differentiation. By targeting pathogenic Th17 cells and autoantibody production, UA may be useful for the treatment of autoimmune arthritis and other Th17-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-ye Baek
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeseon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-gun Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-kyung Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137–040, South Korea
| | - Seung-ki Kwok
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137–040, South Korea
| | - Mi-la Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137–040, South Korea
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Tsurikisawa N, Saito H, Oshikata C, Tsuburai T, Ishiyama M, Mitomi H, Akiyama K. An increase of CD83+ dendritic cells ex vivo correlates with increased regulatory T cells in patients with active eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangiitis. BMC Immunol 2014; 15:32. [PMID: 25174446 PMCID: PMC4159546 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-014-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare disease characterized by the presence of allergic granulomatosis and necrotizing vasculitis with eosinophilic infiltration. The etiology of EGPA is unknown. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only critical for the induction of primary immune responses; they may also be important for the induction of immunological tolerance and the regulation of the type of T-cell-mediated immune response. To investigate whether DC maturation is associated with EGPA disease status, we examined the relationship between the maturation of DCs and the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells in EGPA patients. We exposed the CD14+ blood monocytes of 19 patients with EGPA in remission or relapse to stimulation with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 d and lipopolysaccharide for 24 h to obtain mature CD83+ DCs and immature CD206+ DCs. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined four patients for the presence of CD83+ and CD206+ DCs in the lung at the onset of EGPA. RESULTS The percentage of CD83+ cells among DCs differentiated from CD14+ monocytes was lower for EGPA patients in relapse than in remission. The percentage of CD83+ DCs was inversely correlated with the percentage of CD206+ DCs and was significantly correlated with the numbers of naturally occurring CD4+ regulatory Treg (nTreg; FOXP3+CD4+) cells and inducible Treg (iTreg; CD4+CD25+ T cells producing IL-10 or TGF-β) cells but not the number of eosinophils. The percentage of CD206+ DCs was significantly inversely correlated with the percentages of nTreg and iTreg cells but not the number of eosinophils. Immunohistochemistry revealed both CD206+ DCs and CD83+ DCs in alveoli and interstitial spaces at the onset of EGPA. CONCLUSION The maturation of DCs from monocytes was related to disease activity in patients with EGPA. Increased CD83+ DCs in EGPA patients may induce the differentiation of iTreg and nTreg cells, thereby suppressing inflammation and disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Tsurikisawa
- />Departments of Allergy and Respirology, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- />Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
| | - Chiyako Oshikata
- />Departments of Allergy and Respirology, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuburai
- />Departments of Allergy and Respirology, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
| | - Miyako Ishiyama
- />Laboratory Medicine, Kanagawa Rehabilitation Hospital, 516 Nanasawa Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0121 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mitomi
- />Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Shimotsuga-gun, Mibu-machi, Tochigi 321-0293 Japan
| | - Kazuo Akiyama
- />Departments of Allergy and Respirology, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
- />Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0392 Japan
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Melnik BC, John SM, Schmitz G. Milk: an exosomal microRNA transmitter promoting thymic regulatory T cell maturation preventing the development of atopy? J Transl Med 2014; 12:43. [PMID: 24521175 PMCID: PMC3930015 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence confirmed that raw cow's milk consumption in the first year of life protects against the development of atopic diseases and increases the number of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). However, milk's atopy-protective mode of action remains elusive.This review supported by translational research proposes that milk-derived microRNAs (miRs) may represent the missing candidates that promote long-term lineage commitment of Tregs downregulating IL-4/Th2-mediated atopic sensitization and effector immune responses. Milk transfers exosomal miRs including the ancient miR-155, which is important for the development of the immune system and controls pivotal target genes involved in the regulation of FoxP3 expression, IL-4 signaling, immunoglobulin class switching to IgE and FcϵRI expression. Boiling of milk abolishes milk's exosomal miR-mediated bioactivity. Infant formula in comparison to human breast- or cow's milk is deficient in bioactive exosomal miRs that may impair FoxP3 expression. The boost of milk-mediated miR may induce pivotal immunoregulatory and epigenetic modifications required for long-term thymic Treg lineage commitment explaining the atopy-protective effect of raw cow's milk consumption.The presented concept offers a new option for the prevention of atopic diseases by the addition of physiological amounts of miR-155-enriched exosomes to infant formula for mothers incapable of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, D-49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Sedanstrasse 115, D-49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Dong X, Ye X, Chen X, Chen T, Xie S, Li Q, Lin X, Huang Z. Intestinal and peripheral fibrinogen-like protein 2 expression in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:769-77. [PMID: 24287641 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-013-2962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), a new member of the fibrinogen-like family, has recently been identified as a novel immunosuppressive molecule. AIM The purpose of this work was to investigate intestinal and peripheral expression of FGL2 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS FGL2 expression in mucosal biopsies from three groups (UC group (n = 61), CD group (n = 54), and controls group (n = 35)) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Concentrations of FGL2 in plasma from 50 UC patients, 45 CD patients, and 30 controls were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot of FGL2 protein and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR of FGL2 mRNA expression by peripheral mononuclear cells was performed. Correlations of FGL2 expression with disease type, activity, and location, and with measured laboratory data, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), were examined. RESULTS Intestinal and peripheral FGL2 protein data showed that FGL2 expression was significantly up-regulated in both UC and CD patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). Expression of FGL2 was higher in UC and CD patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease (P < 0.001). Moreover, FGL2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease (P < 0.050). Expression of FGL2 protein was correlated with disease activity indices, CRP levels, and ESR levels. CONCLUSION Expression of FGL2 was up-regulated in IBD patients with active disease. Measurement of FGL2 may be used as a helpful biomarker for understanding immunopathogenesis and for assessment of IBD.
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Zhao J, Lloyd CM, Noble A. Th17 responses in chronic allergic airway inflammation abrogate regulatory T-cell-mediated tolerance and contribute to airway remodeling. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:335-46. [PMID: 22892938 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of T-helper type 17 (Th17) responses in airway remodeling in asthma is currently unknown. We demonstrate that both parenteral and mucosal allergen sensitization, followed by allergen inhalation, leads to Th17-biased lung immune responses. Unlike Th17 cells generated in vitro, lung Th17 cells did not produce tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin (IL)-22. Eosinophilia predominated in acute inflammation, while neutrophilia and IL-17 increased in chronic disease. Allergen-induced tolerance involved Foxp3-, Helios-, and glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant-expressing regulatory T cells (Treg) and IL-10/interferon-γ priming. This Treg phenotype was altered in inflamed lungs and abrogated by inhalation of IL-17. Using Th17-deficient mice with genetic disruption of gp130 in T cells, we showed that Th17 cells induce airway remodeling independent of the Th2 response. All-trans retinoic acid administration ameliorated Th17-mediated disease and increased Treg activity, while dexamethasone inhibited eosinophilia but not neutrophilia, and enhanced Th17 development in vitro. Targeting the Th17/Treg axis might therefore be therapeutic in neutrophilic and glucocorticoid-refractory asthma.
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Abstract
Mammals are colonized by large numbers of microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, most of which live in the intestinal tract. These indigenous microorganisms that inhabit the body of humans and animals are referred collectively to as the microbiota. Accumulating evidence indicates that the microbiota regulates the development and/or function of different types of immune cells in the intestine. For example, the microbiota drives homeostatic, pathogenic, and regulatory T cell immune responses that contribute to tissue homeostasis, but also can promote disease. The gut microbes also facilitate IgA responses, which in turn regulate the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Thus, the reciprocal regulation of the gut microbiota and the host immune system may influence the balance between homeostasis and disease in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kamada
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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27
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Moraes-Vieira PMM, Bassi EJ, Larocca RA, Castoldi A, Burghos M, Lepique AP, Quintana FJ, Araujo RC, Basso AS, Strom TB, Câmara NOS. Leptin deficiency modulates allograft survival by favoring a Th2 and a regulatory immune profile. [corrected]. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:36-44. [PMID: 23016759 PMCID: PMC3816358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, an adipose-secreted hormone, links metabolism and immunity. Our aim was to determine whether leptin affects the alloimmune response. We used an allogeneic skin transplant model as a means to analyze the allograft immune response in Lep(ob/ob) and wild-type mice. Leptin deficiency results in an increased frequency of Treg and Th2 cells and a prolonged graft survival. These effects of leptin deficiency indicate the importance of leptin and obesity in modulating the allograft immune responses. Our data suggest a possible explanation for the increased susceptibility of hyperleptinemic obese patients to acute and chronic graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. M. Moraes-Vieira
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - E. J. Bassi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R. A. Larocca
- Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Medical Deaconess Center, Department of Medicine; Transplant Institute, Boston, MA
| | - A. Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M. Burghos
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A. P. Lepique
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - F. J. Quintana
- Harvard Medical School, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - R. C. Araujo
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A. S. Basso
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T. B. Strom
- Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Medical Deaconess Center, Department of Medicine; Transplant Institute, Boston, MA
| | - N. O. S. Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Corresponding author: Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara,
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Coppieters KT, Sehested Hansen B, von Herrath MG. Clinical potential of antigen-specific therapies in type 1 diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2012; 9:328-37. [PMID: 23804270 PMCID: PMC3740700 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2012.9.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes (T1D), pancreatic beta-cells are attacked and destroyed by the immune system, which leads to a loss of endogenous insulin secretion. The desirable outcome of therapeutic intervention in autoimmune diseases is the restoration of immune tolerance to prevent organ damage. Past trials with immune suppressive drugs highlight the fact that T1D is in principle a curable condition. However, the barrier in T1D therapy in terms of drug safety is set particularly high because of the predominantly young population and the good prognosis associated with modern exogenous insulin therapy. Thus, there is a general consensus that chronic immune suppression is associated with unacceptable long-term safety risks. On the other hand, immune-modulatory biologicals have recently failed to confer significant protection in phase 3 clinical trials. However, the concept of antigen-specific tolerization may offer a unique strategy to safely induce long-term protection against T1D. In this review, we analyze the potential reasons for the failure of the different tolerization therapies, and describe how the concept of antigen-specific toleraization may overcome the obstacles associated with clinical therapy in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthias G. von Herrath
- Type 1 Diabetes R&D Center, Novo Nordisk Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Suh YG, Kim JK, Byun JS, Yi HS, Lee YS, Eun HS, Kim SY, Han KH, Lee KS, Duester G, Friedman SL, Jeong WI. CD11b(+) Gr1(+) bone marrow cells ameliorate liver fibrosis by producing interleukin-10 in mice. Hepatology 2012; 56:1902-12. [PMID: 22544759 PMCID: PMC3427419 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Clinical trials and animal models suggest that infusion of bone marrow cells (BMCs) is effective therapy for liver fibrosis, but the underlying mechanisms are obscure, especially those associated with early effects of BMCs. Here, we analyzed the early impact of BMC infusion and identified the subsets of BMCs showing antifibrotic effects in mice with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. An interaction between BMCs and activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was investigated using an in vitro coculturing system. Within 24 hours, infused BMCs were in close contact with activated HSCs, which was associated with reduced liver fibrosis, enhanced hepatic expression of interleukin (IL)-10, and expanded regulatory T cells but decreased macrophage infiltration in the liver at 24 hours after BMC infusion. In contrast, IL-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-) ) BMCs failed to reproduce these effects in fibrotic livers. Intriguingly, in isolated cells, CD11b(+) Gr1(high) F4/80(-) and CD11b(+) Gr1(+) F4/80(+) BMCs expressed more IL-10 after coculturing with activated HSCs, leading to suppressed expression of collagen and α-smooth muscle actin in HSCs. Moreover, these effects were either enhanced or abrogated, respectively, when BMCs were cocultured with IL-6(-/-) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1(-/-) HSCs. Similar to murine data, human BMCs expressed more IL-10 after coculturing with human HSC lines (LX-2 or hTERT), and serum IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis after autologous BMC infusion. CONCLUSION Activated HSCs increase IL-10 expression in BMCs (CD11b(+) Gr1(high) F4/80(-) and CD11b(+) Gr1(+) F4/80(+) cells), which in turn ameliorates liver fibrosis. Our findings could enhance the design of BMC therapy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Gun Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ja Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Byun
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gregg Duester
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Zhu P, Hata R, Ogasawara M, Cao F, Kameda K, Yamauchi K, Schinkel AH, Maeyama K, Sakanaka M. Targeted disruption of organic cation transporter 3 (Oct3) ameliorates ischemic brain damage through modulating histamine and regulatory T cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:1897-908. [PMID: 22739622 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The organic cation transporters OCT1, 2, and 3 (SLC22A1-3) have been implicated in the elimination of biogenic amines such as histamine. Among them, OCT3 was identified as an uptake-2 transporter, responsible for clearance of histamine. Because increasing evidence suggests the involvement of histamine in cerebral ischemia, we investigated the effects of targeted disruption of organic cation transporter-3 (Oct3) on the severity of ischemic brain damage. Transient focal ischemia for 1 hour was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of homozygous Oct3-deficient mice and their wild-type (Wt) littermates. Although targeted disruption of Oct3 did not affect physiological parameters after MCA occlusion, this disruption significantly increased histamine content in the ischemic cortex and significantly reduced the infarct volume after cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, targeted disruption of Oct3 prevented the reduction of regulatory T-cell proportion after cerebral ischemia while this disruption did not affect Th1 and Th2 cells proportions after ischemia. Since repeated administration of L-histidine (a precursor of histamine) to Wt mice also showed the same effects, our observations suggested that OCT3 is the molecule responsible for clearance of ischemia-induced histamine in the brain and targeted disruption of Oct3 ameliorated ischemic brain damage through an increase in regulatory T cells.
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Abstract
Although macrophages and other immune system cells, especially T cells, have been shown to play disease-promoting roles in atherosclerosis, less is known about the role of antigen presenting cells. Functional, immune stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) have recently been detected in aortic intima, the site of origin of atherosclerosis. We had compared DCs with macrophages in mice with experimental atherosclerosis, to clearly define cell types by developmental and functional criteria. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of DCs in humans and in mouse models of atherosclerosis, as well as providing a simple strategy to measure regulatory T (Treg) cells in the mouse aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolho Cheong
- Institut de Researches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7,
Canada
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791,
Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791,
Korea
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Robinson DP, Klein SL. Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Horm Behav 2012; 62:263-71. [PMID: 22406114 PMCID: PMC3376705 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, it is evolutionarily advantageous for inflammatory immune responses that might lead to fetal rejection to be reduced and anti-inflammatory responses that promote transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus to be increased. Hormones modulate the immunological shift that occurs during pregnancy. Estrogens, including estradiol and estriol, progesterone, and glucocorticoids increase over the course of pregnancy and affect transcriptional signaling of inflammatory immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface and systemically. During pregnancy, the reduced activity of natural killer cells, inflammatory macrophages, and helper T cell type 1 (Th1) cells and production of inflammatory cytokines, combined with the higher activity of regulatory T cells and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, affects disease pathogenesis. The severity of diseases caused by inflammatory responses (e.g., multiple sclerosis) is reduced and the severity of diseases that are mitigated by inflammatory responses (e.g., influenza and malaria) is increased during pregnancy. For some infectious diseases, elevated inflammatory responses that are necessary to control and clear a pathogen have a negative consequence on the outcome of pregnancy. The bidirectional interactions between hormones and the immune system contribute to both the outcome of pregnancy and female susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne P. Robinson
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Abstract
Environmental epigenetic regulation in asthma and allergic disease is an exciting area that has gained a great deal of scientific momentum in recent years. Environmental exposures, including prenatal maternal smoking, have been associated with asthma-related outcomes that may be explained by epigenetic regulation. In addition, several known allergy and asthma genes have been found to be susceptible to epigenetic regulation. We review the latest experimental and translational studies that have been published this past year in several areas, including 1) characterization of environmental asthma triggers that induce epigenetic changes, 2) characterization of allergic immune and regulatory pathways important to asthma that undergo epigenetic regulation, 3) evidence of active epigenetic regulation in asthma experimental models and the production of asthma biomarkers, 4) evidence of transmission of an asthma-related phenotype across multiple generations, and 5) "pharmaco-epigenetics." The field has certainly advanced significantly in the past year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH8E-101; 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032 USA
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CHOI YOOJIN, YANG KWANGMO, KIM SUNGDAE, YOO YOUNGHYUN, LEE SANGWHA, SEO SUYEONG, SUH HONGSUK, YEE SUNGTAE, JEONG MINHO, JO WOLSOON. Resveratrol analogue HS-1793 induces the modulation of tumor-derived T cells. Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:592-598. [PMID: 22969934 PMCID: PMC3438654 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for tumor progression suggest the possibility to control cancer growth, not only through chemotherapy-induced cancer cell destruction, but also by stimulating anticancer immunity. However, immune tolerance against tumor antigens disturbs diverse forms of immunotherapy. One of the most potent and well-studied tumor-induced immunosuppressive phenotypes found in the tumor microenvironment is the regulatory subpopulation cells (CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Treg cells). Among the great number of natural agents derived from plants and potentially useful for application in the complementary therapy of cancer, resveratrol is gaining attention for its immunomodulating properties in breast cancer, since the ineffectiveness of numerous immunotherapy strategies may be related, in part, to their negative effects on Treg cells. The present study was undertaken to examine whether HS-1793, a synthetic resveratrol analogue free from the restriction of the metabolic instability and high dose requirement of resveratrol, shows a direct effect on immune responses by enhancing lymphocyte proliferation or an immunomodulatory effect by inducing changes in the Treg cell population in FM3A breast tumor-bearing mice. Although HS-1793 had no direct immunostimulatory effect, it dose-dependently decreased IL-2 secretion and increased IL-4 secretion of concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice, which suggest that HS-1793 may induce changes in the subpopulations of tumor-derived T lymphocytes. The CD4(+)CD25(+) cell population from tumor-bearing mice decreased after HS-1793 treatment in a dose-dependent manner, while the CD4(+) T cell population remained unchanged. FoxP3(+)-expressing cells among the CD4(+)CD25(+) population showed a similar pattern. In contrast, the CD8(+) T cell population as well as the interferon (IFN)-γ-expressing CD8(+) T cell population and IFN-γ secretion of splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice were significantly upregulated by HS-1793 treatment. These results suggest that HS-1793 induces the modulation of tumor-derived T lymphocytes, particulary having a suppressive effect on the Treg cell population, likely contributing to enhanced tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and CD4(+) T cells involving antitumor immunity. Therefore, HS-1793 may serve as a promising adjuvant therapeutic reagent in breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YOO JIN CHOI
- Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953
| | - KWANG MO YANG
- Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953
| | - SUNG DAE KIM
- Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953
| | - YOUNG HYUN YOO
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and MitochondriaHub Regulation Center, Busan 602-714
| | | | | | - HONGSUK SUH
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials,Pusan National University, Busan 609-735
| | - SUNG TAE YEE
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Sunchon,
Republic of Korea
| | | | - WOL SOON JO
- Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan 619-953
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35
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Abstract
In an immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) as well as powerful sensors of danger signals. When DCs receive signals from infection and tissue stress, they immediately activate and instruct the initiation of appropriate immune responses to T cells. However, it has remained unclear how the tissue microenvironment in a steady state shapes the function of DCs. Recent many works on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial cell-derived cytokine that has the strong ability to activate DCs, provide evidence that TSLP mediates crosstalk between epithelial cells and DCs, involving in DC-mediated immune homeostasis. Here, we review recent progress made on how TSLP expressed within the thymus and peripheral lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues regulates DC-mediated T-cell development in the thymus and T-cell homeostasis in the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Hanabuchi
- Department of Immunology, Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77004, USA.
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Abstract
Mast cell degranulation is a hallmark of allergic reactions, but mast cells can also produce many cytokines that modulate immunity. Recently, CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to inhibit mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis, but their influence on cytokine production remained unknown. In this study, we show that, rather than inhibit, Tregs actually enhance mast cell production of IL-6. We demonstrate that, whereas inhibition of degranulation was OX40/OX40 ligand dependent, enhancement of IL-6 was due to TGF-β. Interestingly, our data demonstrate that the Treg-derived TGF-β was surface-bound, because the interaction was contact dependent, and no TGF-β was detectable in the supernatant. Soluble TGF-β1 alone was sufficient to enhance mast cell IL-6 production, and these supernatants were sufficient to promote Th17 skewing, but those from Treg-mast cell cultures were not, supporting this being surface-bound TGF-β from the Tregs. Interestingly, the augmentation of IL-6 production occurred basally or in response to innate stimuli (LPS or peptidoglycan), adaptive stimuli (IgE cross-linking by specific Ag), and cytokine activation (IL-33). We demonstrate that TGF-β led to enhanced transcription and de novo synthesis of IL-6 upon activation without affecting IL-6 storage or mRNA stability. In vivo, the adoptive transfer of Tregs inhibited mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis in a model of food allergy but promoted intestinal IL-6 and IL-17 production. Consequently, our findings establish that Tregs can exert divergent influences upon mast cells, inhibiting degranulation via OX40/OX40 ligand interactions while promoting IL-6 via TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthana Ganeshan
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
| | - Paul J. Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL 60611
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37
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Abstract
Pathogen persistence in immune-competent hosts represents an immunological paradox. Increasing evidence suggests that some pathogens, such as, Leishmania major (L. major) have evolved strategies and mechanisms that actively suppress host adaptive immunity. If this notion is correct conventional vaccination therapies may be ineffective in enhancing host immunity, unless natural processes that suppress host immunity are also targeted therapeutically. The key problem is that the basis of pathogen persistence in immune-competent individuals is unknown, despite decades of intense research. This fact, coupled with poor health care and a dearth of effective treatments means that these diseases will remain a scourge on humans unless a better understanding of why the immune system tolerates such infections emerges from research. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been shown to act as a molecular switch regulating host responses, and IDO inhibitor drugs shown to possess potential in enhancing host immunity to established leishmania infections. It is hoped that this review will help stimulate and help generate critical new knowledge pertaining to the IDO mechanism and how to exploit it to suppress T cell mediated immunity, thus offer an innovative approach to studying the basis of chronic leishmania infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi H C Makala
- Georgia Health Sciences University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/oncology Section, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
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Abstract
Proper regulation of immune homeostasis is necessary to limit inflammation and prevent autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Many autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, are driven by vicious cycles of activated T cells that are unable to be suppressed by regulatory T cells. Effective suppression of auto-reactive T cells by regulatory T cells (Treg) is critical for the prevention of spontaneous autoimmune disease. Psoriatic Treg cells have been observed to a defect in their capacity to regulate, which clearly contributes to psoriasis pathogenesis. A challenge for translational research is the development of novel therapeutic interventions for autoimmune diseases that will result in durable remissions. Understanding the mechanism(s) of dysregulated T cell responses in autoimmune disease will allow for the development of future therapeutic strategies that may be employed to specifically target pathogenic, proinflammatory cells. Several reports have demonstrated a pathogenic role for Thl and Thl7 cells in psoriasis as well as other autoimmune diseases. Similarly, several laboratories have independently demonstrated functional defects in regulatory T cells isolated from patients with numerous divergent autoimmune diseases. One primary challenge of research in autoimmune diseases is therefore to restore the balance between chronic T cell activation and impairment of Treg suppressor mechanisms. To this end, it is critical to develop an understanding of the many suppressive mechanisms employed by Treg cells in hopes of developing more targeted therapeutic strategies for Treg-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Goodman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Three main types of CD4+ regulatory T cells can be distinguished based upon whether they express Foxp3 and differentiate naturally in the thymus (natural Tregs) or are induced in the periphery (inducible Tregs); or whether they are FoxP3 negative but secrete IL-10 in response to antigen (Tregulatory type 1, Tr1 cells). Adoptive transfer of each cell type has proven highly effective in mouse models at preventing graft vs. host disease (GVHD) and autoimmunity. Although clinical application was initially hampered by low Treg frequency and unfavorable ex vivo expansion properties, several phase I trials are now being conducted to assess their effect on GVHD following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and in type I diabetes. Human Treg trials for HSCT recipients have preceded other indications because GVHD onset is precisely known, the time period needed for prevention relatively short, initial efficacy is likely to provide life-long protection, and complications of GVHD can be lethal. This review will summarize the clinical trials conducted to date that have employed Tregs to prevent GVHD following HSCT and discuss recent advances in Treg cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli L. Hippen
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - James L. Riley
- Abramson Family Cancer Center Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Carl H. June
- Abramson Family Cancer Center Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN USA
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40
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Wilke CM, Wei S, Wang L, Kryczek I, Kao J, Zou W. Dual biological effects of the cytokines interleukin-10 and interferon-γ. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:1529-41. [PMID: 21918895 PMCID: PMC11029274 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is generally thought that each cytokine exerts either immune stimulatory (inflammatory) or immune inhibitory (antiinflammatory or regulatory) biological activities. However, multiple cytokines can enact both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on the immune system. Two of these cytokines are interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon-gamma (IFNγ). IL-10 has demonstrated antitumor immunity even though it has been known for years as an immunoregulatory protein. Generally perceived as an immune stimulatory cytokine, IFNγ can also induce inhibitory molecule expression including B7-H1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and arginase on multiple cell populations (dendritic cells, tumor cells, and vascular endothelial cells). In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of the dual roles of both of these cytokines and stress the previously underappreciated stimulatory role of IL-10 and inhibitory role of IFNγ in the context of malignancy. Our progressive understanding of the dual effects of these cytokines is important for dissecting cytokine-associated pathology and provides new avenues for developing effective immune therapy against human diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin Moira Wilke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, C560B MSRB II/Box 0669, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0669 USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, C560B MSRB II/Box 0669, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0669 USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, C560B MSRB II/Box 0669, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0669 USA
- Central Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, C560B MSRB II/Box 0669, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0669 USA
| | - John Kao
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, C560B MSRB II/Box 0669, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0669 USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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41
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Dodd-o JM, Lendermon EA, Miller HL, Zhong Q, John ER, Jungraithmayr WM, D’Alessio FR, McDyer JF. CD154 blockade abrogates allospecific responses and enhances CD4(+) regulatory T-cells in mouse orthotopic lung transplant. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:1815-24. [PMID: 21827610 PMCID: PMC3827913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a common and important clinical complication following lung transplantation. While there is a clinical need for the development of novel therapies to prevent ACR, the regulation of allospecific effector T-cells in this process remains incompletely understood. Using the MHC-mismatched mouse orthotopic lung transplant model, we investigated the short-term role of anti-CD154 mAb therapy alone on allograft pathology and alloimmune T-cell effector responses. Untreated C57BL/6 recipients of BALB/c left lung allografts had high-grade rejection and diminished CD4(+) : CD8(+) graft ratios, marked by predominantly CD8(+) >CD4(+) IFN-γ(+) allospecific effector responses at day 10, compared to isograft controls. Anti-CD154 mAb therapy strikingly abrogated both CD8(+) and CD4(+) alloeffector responses and significantly increased lung allograft CD4(+) : CD8(+) ratios. Examination of graft CD4(+) T-cells revealed significantly increased frequencies of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells in the lung allografts of anti-CD154-treated mice and was associated with significant attenuation of ACR compared to untreated controls. Together, these data show that CD154/CD40 costimulation blockade alone is sufficient to abrogate allospecific effector T-cell responses and significantly shifts the lung allograft toward an environment predominated by CD4(+) T regulatory cells in association with an attenuation of ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah L. Miller
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Qiong Zhong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - Emily R. John
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | | | - Franco R. D’Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224
| | - John F. McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224
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Hindley JP, Ferreira C, Jones E, Lauder SN, Ladell K, Wynn KK, Betts GJ, Singh Y, Price DA, Godkin AJ, Dyson J, Gallimore A. Analysis of the T-cell receptor repertoires of tumor-infiltrating conventional and regulatory T cells reveals no evidence for conversion in carcinogen-induced tumors. Cancer Res 2011; 71:736-46. [PMID: 21156649 PMCID: PMC3128990 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A significant enrichment of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells (regulatory T cells, Treg) is frequently observed in murine and human carcinomas. As Tregs can limit effective antitumor immune responses, thereby promoting tumor progression, it is important that the mechanisms underpinning intratumoral accumulation of Tregs are identified. Because of evidence gathered mostly in vitro, the conversion of conventional T cells (Tconv) into Tregs has been proposed as one such mechanism. We assessed the contribution of conversion in vivo by analyzing the TCR (T-cell receptor) repertoires of Tconvs and Tregs in carcinogen-induced tumors in mice. Our results indicate that the TCR repertoires of Tregs and Tconvs within tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are largely distinct. Indeed, the cell population with the greatest degree of repertoire similarity with tumor-infiltrating Tregs was the Treg population from the tumor-draining lymph node. These findings demonstrate that conversion of Tconvs does not contribute significantly to the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating Tregs; rather, Tconvs and Tregs arise from different populations with unique TCR repertoires. Enrichment of Tregs within TILs most likely, therefore, reflects differences in the way that Tregs and Tconvs are influenced by the tumor microenvironment. Elucidating the nature of these influences may indicate how the balance between tumor-infiltrating Tregs and Tconvs can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hindley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
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Inoue N, Watanabe M, Morita M, Tomizawa R, Akamizu T, Tatsumi K, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. Association of functional polymorphisms related to the transcriptional level of FOXP3 with prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:402-6. [PMID: 20942809 PMCID: PMC3026543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of Hashimoto's disease (HD) and intractability (or inducibility to remission) of Graves' disease (GD) varies among patients. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is a crucial regulatory factor for the development and function of regulatory T (T(reg) ) cells, and deficiency of the FoxP3 gene (FOXP3) suppresses the regulatory function of T(reg) cells. To clarify the association of the functional polymorphisms of the FOXP3 with the prognosis of GD and HD, we genotyped -3499A/G, -3279C/A and -2383C/T polymorphisms in FOXP3 gene obtained from 38 patients with severe HD, 40 patients with mild HD, 65 patients with intractable GD, in whom remission was difficult to induce, 44 patients with GD in remission and 71 healthy volunteers. The -3279CA genotype was more frequent in patients with GD in remission than in patients with intractable GD, and the -3279AA genotype, which correlates to defective transcription of FOXP3, was absent in patients with GD in remission. The -2383CC genotype was more frequent in patients with severe HD than in those with mild HD. In conclusion, the -3279A/C polymorphism is related to the development and intractability of GD and the -2383CC genotype to the severity of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7 Suita, Osaka, Japan
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44
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Wilhelm AJ, Zabalawi M, Owen JS, Shah D, Grayson JM, Major AS, Bhat S, Gibbs DP, Thomas MJ, Sorci-Thomas MG. Apolipoprotein A-I modulates regulatory T cells in autoimmune LDLr-/-, ApoA-I-/- mice. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36158-69. [PMID: 20833724 PMCID: PMC2975238 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.134130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is complex, with multiple layers of regulation that serve to prevent the production of self-antigens. One layer of regulation involves regulatory T cells (Tregs) that play an essential role in maintaining peripheral self-tolerance. Patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis have decreased levels of HDL, suggesting that apoA-I concentrations may be important in preventing autoimmunity and the loss of self-tolerance. In published studies, hypercholesterolemic mice lacking HDL apoA-I or LDLr(-/-), apoA-I(-/-) (DKO), exhibit characteristics of autoimmunity in response to an atherogenic diet. This phenotype is characterized by enlarged cholesterol-enriched lymph nodes (LNs), as well as increased T cell activation, proliferation, and the production of autoantibodies in plasma. In this study, we investigated whether treatment of mice with lipid-free apoA-I could attenuate the autoimmune phenotype. To do this, DKO mice were first fed an atherogenic diet containing 0.1% cholesterol, 10% fat for 6 weeks, after which treatment with apoA-I was begun. Subcutaneous injections of 500 μg of lipid-free apoA-I was administered every 48 h during the treatment phase. These and control mice were maintained for an additional 6 weeks on the diet. At the end of the 12-week study, DKO mice showed decreased numbers of LN immune cells, whereas Tregs were proportionately increased. Accompanying this increase in Tregs was a decrease in the percentage of effector/effector memory T cells. Furthermore, lipid accumulation in LN and skin was reduced. These results suggest that treatment with apoA-I reduces inflammation in DKO mice by augmenting the effectiveness of the LN Treg response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jason M. Grayson
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
| | - Amy S. Major
- the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
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45
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Hosaka N, Cui W, Zhang Y, Takaki T, Inaba M, Ikehara S. Prolonged survival in mice with advanced tumors treated with syngeneic or allogeneic intra-bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation plus fetal thymus transplantation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1121-30. [PMID: 20229083 PMCID: PMC11030866 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thymic function decreases in line with tumor progression in patients with cancer, resulting in immunodeficiency and a poor prognosis. In the present study, we attempted to restore thymic function by BALB/c (H-2(d)) syngeneic (Syn), or B6 (H-2(b)) allogeneic (Allo) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using intra-bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) plus Syn-, Allo- or C3H (H-2(k)) 3rd-party fetal thymus transplantation (TT). Although the BALB/c mice with advanced tumors (Meth-A sarcoma; H-2(d), >4 cm(2)) treated with either Syn- or Allo-BMT alone showed a slight improvement in survival compared with non-treated controls, the mice treated with BMT + TT showed a longer survival. The mice treated with Allo-BMT + Allo-TT or 3rd-party TT showed the longest survival. Interestingly, although there was no difference in main tumor size among the BMT groups, lung metastasis was significantly inhibited by Allo-BMT + Allo-TT or 3rd-party TT. Numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, Con A response, and IFN-gamma production increased significantly, whereas number of Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) myeloid suppressor cells and the percentage of FoxP3(+) cells in CD4(+) T cells significantly decreased in these mice. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between survival days and the number of T cells or T cell function, while there was a negative correlation between survival days and lung metastasis, the number of Gr-1(+)/CD11b(+) cells, or the percentage of FoxP3(+) cells. These results suggest that BMT + TT, particularly Allo-BMT + Allo-TT or 3rd-party TT, is most effective in prolonging survival as a result of the restoration of T cell function in hosts with advanced tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/methods
- CD11b Antigen/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Fetal Tissue Transplantation/methods
- Flow Cytometry
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/surgery
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/transplantation
- Time Factors
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hosaka
- First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506 Japan
| | - Wenhao Cui
- First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506 Japan
| | - Yuming Zhang
- First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506 Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Takashi Takaki
- First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506 Japan
| | - Muneo Inaba
- First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506 Japan
| | - Susumu Ikehara
- First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15 Fumizono-cho, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506 Japan
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Leung S, Liu X, Fang L, Chen X, Guo T, Zhang J. The cytokine milieu in the interplay of pathogenic Th1/Th17 cells and regulatory T cells in autoimmune disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2010; 7:182-9. [PMID: 20383174 PMCID: PMC4002916 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2010.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The propagation and regulation of an immune response is driven by a network of effector and regulatory T (Treg) cells. The interplay of effector T and Treg cells determines the direction of the immune response towards inflammation or its resolution in an autoimmune disease setting. In autoimmune diseases, this interplay shifts the balance in favor of the development of autoreactive effector T cells, resulting in inflammatory pathology. The objective of an effective therapeutic approach for autoimmune disease is to restore this balance. In this review, we describe the characteristics and development of pathogenic T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells and the beneficial Treg cells in autoimmune diseases and the crucial roles of the cytokine milieu in influencing the balance of these T-cell subsets. Given the importance of cytokines, we discuss current immunotherapeutic strategies using cytokine or cytokine receptor antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Leung
- Department of Neuroimmunology, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Center, Zhangjiang Pudong, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Regulatory T cells (T(reg)) control an array of immune responses both in the context of various polarized settings as well as in distinct microenvironments. This implies that maintenance of peripheral homeostasis relies on the capacity of T(reg) to appropriately adapt to these defined settings while sustaining a regulatory program in the face of inflammation. Adaptation of T(reg) is particularly critical in tissues constantly exposed to microbes, such as the gut or the skin, or in the context of exposure to pathogenic microbes. Recent evidence supports the idea that the capacity of T(reg) to control defined polarized settings can be associated with the acquisition of specific transcription factors previously associated with effector T-cell lineages. In this review we will discuss how such adaptation of T(reg) can have a major role in the control of host-microbe interaction.
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Rech AJ, Mick R, Kaplan DE, Chang KM, Domchek SM, Vonderheide RH. Homeostasis of peripheral FoxP3(+) CD4 (+) regulatory T cells in patients with early and late stage breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:599-607. [PMID: 19855964 PMCID: PMC11030825 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FoxP3( + ) CD4( + ) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important mediators of peripheral immune tolerance, acting via multiple mechanisms to suppress cellular immunity including antitumor responses. Although therapeutic strategies have been proposed to deplete Tregs in patients with breast cancer and other malignancies, dynamic changes in the Treg compartment as a function of stage and treatment of breast cancer remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluated peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells and FoxP3(+) CD4(+) T cells from 45 patients with early or late stage breast cancer and compared percentages, absolute counts, and Treg function to those from healthy volunteers (HV) of comparable age. Patients having completed adjuvant chemotherapy and patients with metastatic cancer exhibited significantly lower absolute CD4 counts and significantly higher percentages of FoxP3(+) CD4(+) T cells. In contrast, the absolute counts of circulating FoxP3(+) CD4(+) T cells did not differ significantly among early stage patients, late stage patients, or HV. Functionally, FoxP3(+) CD4(+) T cells from all donor groups similarly expressed CTLA-4 and failed to secrete IFN-gamma in response to stimulation. Thus, although Tregs comprise an increased percentage of circulating CD4(+) T cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer and patients in remission after completing the adjuvant chemotherapy, the systemic Treg pool, as measured by absolute counts, appears relatively constant regardless of disease stage or treatment status. Total CD4(+) T cell counts are not constant, however, suggesting that homeostatic mechanisms, or susceptibility to cytotoxic or malignant insults, fundamentally differ for regulatory and non-regulatory CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Rech
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 551 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rosemarie Mick
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David E. Kaplan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Gastroenterology Section, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Gastroenterology Section, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Susan M. Domchek
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Robert H. Vonderheide
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 551 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Banissi C, Ghiringhelli F, Chen L, Carpentier AF. Treg depletion with a low-dose metronomic temozolomide regimen in a rat glioma model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1627-34. [PMID: 19221744 PMCID: PMC11029912 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg), which constitute about 2-3% of CD4+ human T cells, are the main contributors to the maintenance of immune tolerance. Cancer patients, including glioblastoma patients, bear increased number of circulating and tumor infiltrating Treg that exert functional inhibition on tumor-specific T cells. Temozolomide (TMZ) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in glioblastoma (GBM). Lymphopenia is a common side effect of TMZ treatment, but to what extent the Treg compartment is affected by this chemotherapy has been poorly investigated. We therefore studied the impact of various TMZ regimens on Treg cell population in a TMZ-resistant rat model of glioma. METHODS RG2 glioma cells were implanted s.c. in Fischer rats. Twelve days after tumor implantation, TMZ was administered orally with schedules designed to mimic the TMZ regimens currently used in humans: 30 mg/kg per day for 5 days, or 10 mg/kg per day for 21 days. In addition, two metronomic regimens with low-dose TMZ (2 and 0.5 mg/kg per day for 21 days) were evaluated. Splenocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were analysed by flow cytometry using CD3, CD4, CD25, and Foxp3 mAbs. Statistical significance was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test, the Student's t test or the ANOVA test. RESULTS In the spleen of tumor-bearing animals, low-dose TMZ metronomic regimens (0.5 and 2 mg/kg for 21 days) induced a significant decrease of Treg/CD4+ ratios (13 +/- 2; p < 0.01, 14 +/- 3; p < 0.05, respectively, vs. 19 +/- 5 for controls). On the contrary, high-dose TMZ regimen (10 mg/kg per day for 21 days or 30 mg/kg for 5 days) did not significantly modify the percentage of Treg/CD4+. Within tumors, treatment with the 0.5 mg/kg TMZ regimen induced a slight and nearly significant decrease in the percentage of Treg/CD4+ after a 2 to 3-week treatment (24 +/- 9 vs. 35 +/- 11; p = 0.06). Treg depletion induced by the low-dose metronomic TMZ regimen was accompanied by a decreased suppressive function of the remaining Treg cells as assessed by an in vitro functional test. Treatment with 0.5 mg/kg metronomic TMZ reduced tumor progression when compared to untreated animals but the effect did not reach statistical significance, indicating that Treg depletion alone is not sufficient to significantly impact tumor growth in our model of fully established tumor. CONCLUSIONS A low-dose metronomic TMZ regimen, but not a standard TMZ regimen, reduced the number of circulating Tregs. These results can have clinical applications for immunotherapeutic approaches in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Banissi
- Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Zhu X, Wang M, Crump CH, Mishra A. An imbalance of esophageal effector and regulatory T cell subsets in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:G550-8. [PMID: 19571233 PMCID: PMC2739823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00148.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported a critical role for T cells in the induction of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) in mice; however, the role of specific T cell subsets in disease pathogenesis is not yet understood. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that allergen-induced EE develops in response to the disproportion of functionally different effector and regulatory T cells in the esophagus. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis was performed to examine activated T cell subsets using the cell surface activation markers CD25 and CD69. A significant increase in activated CD4(+) and CD4(-) T cells was observed in the total esophageal cells isolated from the mouse model of EE. Furthermore, an imbalance in the effector and regulatory T cells was observed in the esophagus. The esophageal CD4(+)CD45RB(high) effector T cells in allergen-challenged mice increased compared with saline-challenged mice (65.4 +/- 3.6 x 10(3) to 44.8 +/- 4.2 x 10(3)), whereas CD4(+)CD45RB(low) mostly regulatory T cells decreased in allergen-challenged mice compared with saline-challenged mice (5.8 +/- 0.9 x 10(3) from 10.2 +/- 1.7 x 10(3)). The functional characteristics were examined by analysis of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile of purified low and high CD4(+)CD45RB subsets from the spleen. Additionally, a significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-2 production by CD4(+)CD45RB(low) cells in allergen-challenged mice compared with saline-challenged mice was observed. The reduced IL-2 in the CD4(+)CD45RB(low) subset may be associated with reduction of CD4(+)CD45RB(low) subset. In conclusion, our results suggest that local regulatory interaction of CD45RB(high) and CD45RB(low) CD4(+) T cells may be required for protective and pathogenic immunity in EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Meiqin Wang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Caleb H. Crump
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anil Mishra
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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