1
|
Bdeir R, Al-Keilani MS, Khamaiseh K. Effects of the Neuropeptides Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Male Fertility. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:652. [PMID: 38674298 PMCID: PMC11052015 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The neuroendocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including reproduction, with evidence suggesting its significant involvement in male fertility and sperm development. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) are expressed in both male and female reproductive tissues, influencing penile erection and regulating steroidogenesis in males. Therefore, our study aimed to compare the protein levels of VIP and PACAP in seminal plasma between healthy controls and sub-fertile patients. Additionally, we sought to correlate the levels of these biomarkers with clinical, functional, and laboratory findings in the participants. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 163 male participants for analysis. The participants were further stratified into subgroups of fertile and sub-fertile men of four subgroups according to the 2021 WHO guidelines. Seminal plasma concentrations of the neuropeptides VIP and PACAP were measured using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: The findings showed statistically significant differences in total sperm count, sperm concentration, total motility, and vitality (p < 0.001) between the fertile group and the sub-fertile group. Specifically, significant differences found between healthy males and oligoasthenospermic patients (p = 0.002), and between asthenospermic and oligoasthenospermic patients (p = 0.039). An ROC analysis showed associated sensitivity and specificity values of 62.2% and 55.6%, respectively, to PACAP seminal levels differentiated between sub-fertile patients from fertile males (p = 0.028). No significant difference in seminal levels of VIP was found between the sub-fertile and fertile groups. Conclusions: Previous research leads to the point of PACAP active involvement in spermatogenesis. In accordance to our study, in human semen samples, we have seen a significance change in PACAP levels amongst patients with low sperm count or with both low sperm count and low motility, hinting at its contribution and acting as a possible factor in this complex process. Thus, alterations in the levels or actions of these neuropeptides have been associated with certain reproductive disorders in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roba Bdeir
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 206, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Maha S. Al-Keilani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Khaldoun Khamaiseh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, P.O. Box 206, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa University, P.O. Box 206, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goksu AY, Kocanci FG, Akinci E, Demir-Dora D, Erendor F, Sanlioglu S, Uysal H. Microglia cells treated with synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide or transduced with LentiVIP protect neuronal cells against degeneration. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1993-2015. [PMID: 38382910 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders is neuronal cell death, accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a pleiotropic peptide that combines neuroprotective and immunomodulatory actions. The gene therapy field shows long-term promise for treating a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases (ND). In this study, we aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of transduction of microglia using lentiviral gene therapy vectors encoding VIP (LentiVIP). Additionally, we tested the protective effects of the secretome derived from LentiVIP-infected "immortalized human" microglia HMC3 cells, and cells treated with Synthetic VIP (SynVIP), against toxin-induced neurodegeneration. First, LentiVIP, which stably expresses VIP, was generated and purified. VIP secretion in microglial conditioned media (MG CM) for LentiVIP-infected HMC3 microglia cells was confirmed. Microglia cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide, and groups were formed as follows: 1) Control, 2) SynVIP-treated, or 3) LentiVIP-transduced. These MG CM were applied on an in vitro neurodegenerative model formed by differentiated (d)-SH-SY5Y cells. Then, cell survival analysis and apoptotic nuclear staining, besides measurement of oxidative/inflammatory parameters in CM of cells were performed. Activated MG CM reduced survival rates of both control and toxin-applied (d)-SH-SY5Y cells, whereas LentiVIP-infected MG CM and SynVIP-treated ones exhibited better survival rates. These findings were supported by apoptotic nuclear evaluations of (d)-SH-SY5Y cells, alongside oxidative/inflammatory parameters in their CM. LentiVIP seems worthy of further studies for the treatment of ND because of the potential of gene therapy to treat diseases effectively with a single injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azize Yasemin Goksu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gonca Kocanci
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya/Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ersin Akinci
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Devrim Demir-Dora
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fulya Erendor
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Salih Sanlioglu
- Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Uysal
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park S, Jung H, Han SW, Lee SH, Sohn JH. Differences in Neuropathology between Nitroglycerin-Induced Mouse Models of Episodic and Chronic Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3706. [PMID: 38612517 PMCID: PMC11011425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple animal models of migraine have been used to develop new therapies. Understanding the transition from episodic (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) is crucial. We established models mimicking EM and CM pain and assessed neuropathological differences. EM and CM models were induced with single NTG or multiple injections over 9 days. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed. Immunofluorescence utilized c-Fos, NeuN, and Iba1. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers were analyzed. Neuropeptides (CGRP, VIP, PACAP, and substance P) were assessed. Mechanical thresholds were similar. Notable neuropathological distinctions were observed in Sp5C and ACC. ACC showed increased c-Fos and NeuN expression in CM (p < 0.001) and unchanged in EM. Sp5C had higher c-Fos and NeuN expression in EM (p < 0.001). Iba1 was upregulated in Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM (p < 0.001). Proinflammatory markers were strongly expressed in Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM. CGRP expression was elevated in both regions and was higher in CM. VIP exhibited higher levels in the Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM, whereas PACAP and substance P were expressed in the Sp5C in both models. Despite similar thresholds, distinctive neuropathological differences in Sp5C and ACC between EM and CM models suggest a role in the EM to CM transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Sang-Won Han
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Sohn
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun K, Sun J, Yan C, Sun J, Xu X, Shi J. Sympathetic Neurotransmitter, VIP, Delays Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via FGF18/FGFR2-Mediated Activation of Akt Signaling Pathway. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300250. [PMID: 38047500 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation-related intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a novel IVDD pattern and are proposed recently. However, the mechanistic basis of neuromodulation and intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis remains unclear. Here, this study aimed to investigate the expression of postganglionic sympathetic nerve fiber-derived vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) system in human IVD tissue, and to assess the role of VIP-related neuromodulation in IVDD. Patient samples and in vitro cell experiments showed that the expression of receptors for VIP is negatively correlated with the severity of IVDD, and the administration of exogenous VIP can ameliorate interleukin 1β-induced nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis and inflammation. Further mRNA-seq analysis revealed that fibroblast growth factor 18- (FGF18)-mediated activation of V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog signaling pathway is involved in the protective effects of VIP on inflammation-induced NP cell degeneration. Further analysis identified VIP via its receptor vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 can directly result in decreased expression of miR-15a-5p, which targeted FGF18. Finally, in vivo mice lumbar IVDD model confirmed that focally exogenous administration of VIP can effectively ameliorated the progression of IVDD, as shown by the radiological and histological analysis. In conclusion, these results indicated that sympathetic neurotransmitter, VIP, delayed IVDD via FGF18/FGFR2-mediated activation of V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog signaling pathway, which will broaden the horizon concerning how the neuromodulation correlates with IVDD and shed new light on novel therapeutical alternatives to IVDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Navy Medical University, No.338 Western HuaiHai Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jiuyi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Navy Medical University, No.338 Western HuaiHai Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jingchuan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Britz J, Ojo E, Haque N, Dhukhwa A, Hascup ER, Hascup KN, Tischkau SA. Sex-Dependent Effects of Chronic Circadian Disruption in AβPP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:855-870. [PMID: 38143343 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic disruption of the circadian timing system, often reflected as a loss of restful sleep, also includes myriad other pathophysiological effects. OBJECTIVE The current study examined how chronic circadian disruption (CD) could contribute to pathology and rate of progression in the AβPP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A chronic CD was imposed until animals reached 6 or 12 months of age in AβPP/PS1 and C57BL/6J control mice. Home cage activity was monitored for a period of 3-4 weeks prior to the endpoint along with a single timepoint measure of glucose sensitivity. To assess long term effects of CD on the AD phenotype, animals were re-entrained to a no disruption (ND) schedule just prior to the endpoint, after which a Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess spatial learning and memory. RESULTS Dampening of nighttime activity levels occurred in disrupted animals, and female animals demonstrated a greater adaptability to CD. Diminished arginine vasopressin (AVP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of 12-month male AβPP/PS1 exposed to the CD paradigm were observed, potentially accounting for the diminished re-entrainment response. Similarly, CD worsened performance in the MWM in 12-month male AβPP/PS1 animals, whereas no effect was seen in females. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings show that exposure to chronic CD impairs circadian behavioral patterns and cognitive phenotypes of AβPP/PS1 mouse model in a sex-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Britz
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Asmita Dhukhwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Erin R Hascup
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N Hascup
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Shelley A Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Van Loh BM, Yaw AM, Breuer JA, Jackson B, Nguyen D, Jang K, Ramos F, Ho EV, Cui LJ, Gillette DLM, Sempere LF, Gorman MR, Tonsfeldt KJ, Mellon PL, Hoffmann HM. The transcription factor VAX1 in VIP neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus impacts circadian rhythm generation, depressive-like behavior, and the reproductive axis in a sex-specific manner in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269672. [PMID: 38205198 PMCID: PMC10777845 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) within the hypothalamus is a key brain structure required to relay light information to the body and synchronize cell and tissue level rhythms and hormone release. Specific subpopulations of SCN neurons, defined by their peptide expression, regulate defined SCN output. Here we focus on the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expressing neurons of the SCN. SCN VIP neurons are known to regulate circadian rhythms and reproductive function. Methods To specifically study SCN VIP neurons, we generated a novel knock out mouse line by conditionally deleting the SCN enriched transcription factor, Ventral Anterior Homeobox 1 (Vax1), in VIP neurons (Vax1Vip; Vax1fl/fl:VipCre). Results We found that Vax1Vip females presented with lengthened estrous cycles, reduced circulating estrogen, and increased depressive-like behavior. Further, Vax1Vip males and females presented with a shortened circadian period in locomotor activity and ex vivo SCN circadian period. On a molecular level, the shortening of the SCN period was driven, at least partially, by a direct regulatory role of VAX1 on the circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. Interestingly, Vax1Vip females presented with increased expression of arginine vasopressin (Avp) in the paraventricular nucleus, which resulted in increased circulating corticosterone. SCN VIP and AVP neurons regulate the reproductive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and kisspeptin neurons. To determine how the reproductive neuroendocrine network was impacted in Vax1Vip mice, we assessed GnRH sensitivity to a kisspeptin challenge in vivo. We found that GnRH neurons in Vax1Vip females, but not males, had an increased sensitivity to kisspeptin, leading to increased luteinizing hormone release. Interestingly, Vax1Vip males showed a small, but significant increase in total sperm and a modest delay in pubertal onset. Both male and female Vax1Vip mice were fertile and generated litters comparable in size and frequency to controls. Conclusion Together, these data identify VAX1 in SCN VIP neurons as a neurological overlap between circadian timekeeping, female reproduction, and depressive-like symptoms in mice, and provide novel insight into the role of SCN VIP neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M. Van Loh
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Yaw
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Joseph A. Breuer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brooke Jackson
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Krystal Jang
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Fabiola Ramos
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emily V. Ho
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laura J. Cui
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dominique L. M. Gillette
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lorenzo F. Sempere
- Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Michael R. Gorman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen J. Tonsfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pamela L. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Hanne M. Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeffs QL, Prather JF, Todd WD. Potential neural substrates underlying circadian and olfactory disruptions in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1295998. [PMID: 38094003 PMCID: PMC10716239 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1295998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, with over 45 million patients worldwide, and poses significant economic and emotional burdens to both patients and caregivers, significantly raising the number of those affected. Unfortunately, much of the existing research on the disease only addresses a small subset of associated symptomologies and pathologies. In this review, we propose to target the earliest stages of the disease, when symptomology first arises. In these stages, before the onset of hallmark symptoms of AD such as cognitive impairments and memory loss, circadian and olfactory disruptions arise and are detectable. Functional similarities between circadian and olfactory systems provide a basis upon which to seek out common mechanisms in AD which may target them early on in the disease. Existing studies of interactions between these systems, while intriguing, leave open the question of the neural substrates underlying them. Potential substrates for such interactions are proposed in this review, such as indirect projections that may functionally connect the two systems and dopaminergic signaling. These substrates may have significant implications for mechanisms underlying disruptions to circadian and olfactory function in early stages of AD. In this review, we propose early detection of AD using a combination of circadian and olfactory deficits and subsequent early treatment of these deficits may provide profound benefits to both patients and caregivers. Additionally, we suggest that targeting research toward the intersection of these two systems in AD could uncover mechanisms underlying the broader set of symptoms and pathologies that currently elude researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William D. Todd
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanaka M, Szabó Á, Körtési T, Szok D, Tajti J, Vécsei L. From CGRP to PACAP, VIP, and Beyond: Unraveling the Next Chapters in Migraine Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2649. [PMID: 37998384 PMCID: PMC10670698 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that can be debilitating for individuals and society. Current research focuses on finding effective analgesics and management strategies for migraines by targeting specific receptors and neuropeptides. Nonetheless, newly approved calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have a 50% responder rate ranging from 27 to 71.0%, whereas CGRP receptor inhibitors have a 50% responder rate ranging from 56 to 71%. To address the need for novel therapeutic targets, researchers are exploring the potential of another secretin family peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), as a ground-breaking treatment avenue for migraine. Preclinical models have revealed how PACAP affects the trigeminal system, which is implicated in headache disorders. Clinical studies have demonstrated the significance of PACAP in migraine pathophysiology; however, a few clinical trials remain inconclusive: the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 1 receptor mAb, AMG 301 showed no benefit for migraine prevention, while the PACAP ligand mAb, Lu AG09222 significantly reduced the number of monthly migraine days over placebo in a phase 2 clinical trial. Meanwhile, another secretin family peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is gaining interest as a potential new target. In light of recent advances in PACAP research, we emphasize the potential of PACAP as a promising target for migraine treatment, highlighting the significance of exploring PACAP as a member of the antimigraine armamentarium, especially for patients who do not respond to or contraindicated to anti-CGRP therapies. By updating our knowledge of PACAP and its unique contribution to migraine pathophysiology, we can pave the way for reinforcing PACAP and other secretin peptides, including VIP, as a novel treatment option for migraines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.S.); (D.S.); (J.T.)
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Körtési
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Temesvári krt. 31, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Preventive Health Sciences Research Group, Incubation Competence Centre of the Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Délia Szok
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.S.); (D.S.); (J.T.)
| | - János Tajti
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.S.); (D.S.); (J.T.)
| | - László Vécsei
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (Á.S.); (D.S.); (J.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shanks J, Pachen M, Chang JWH, George B, Ramchandra R. Cardiac Vagal Nerve Activity Increases During Exercise to Enhance Coronary Blood Flow. Circ Res 2023; 133:559-571. [PMID: 37641938 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phrase complete vagal withdrawal is often used when discussing autonomic control of the heart during exercise. However, more recent studies have challenged this assumption. We hypothesized that cardiac vagal activity increases during exercise and maintains cardiac function via transmitters other than acetylcholine. METHODS Chronic direct recordings of cardiac vagal nerve activity, cardiac output, coronary artery blood flow, and heart rate were recorded in conscious adult sheep during whole-body treadmill exercise. Cardiac innervation of the left cardiac vagal branch was confirmed with lipophilic tracer dyes (DiO). Sheep were exercised with pharmacological blockers of acetylcholine (atropine, 250 mg), VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide; [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP 25 µg), or saline control, randomized on different days. In a subset of sheep, the left cardiac vagal branch was denervated. RESULTS Neural innervation from the cardiac vagal branch is seen at major cardiac ganglionic plexi, and within the fat pads associated with the coronary arteries. Directly recorded cardiac vagal nerve activity increased during exercise. Left cardiac vagal branch denervation attenuated the maximum changes in coronary artery blood flow (maximum exercise, control: 63.5±5.9 mL/min, n=8; cardiac vagal denervated: 32.7±5.6 mL/min, n=6, P=2.5×10-7), cardiac output, and heart rate during exercise. Atropine did not affect any cardiac parameters during exercise, but VIP antagonism significantly reduced coronary artery blood flow during exercise to a similar level to vagal denervation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that cardiac vagal nerve activity actually increases and is crucial for maintaining cardiac function during exercise. Furthermore, our findings show the dynamic modulation of coronary artery blood flow during exercise is mediated by VIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shanks
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Mridula Pachen
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Joshua W-H Chang
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Bindu George
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Rohit Ramchandra
- Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karsan N, Gosalia H, Goadsby PJ. Molecular Mechanisms of Migraine: Nitric Oxide Synthase and Neuropeptides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11993. [PMID: 37569369 PMCID: PMC10418996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common condition with disabling attacks that burdens people in the prime of their working lives. Despite years of research into migraine pathophysiology and therapeutics, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms at play in this complex neurovascular condition. Additionally, there remains a relative paucity of specific and targeted therapies available. Many sufferers remain underserved by currently available broad action preventive strategies, which are also complicated by poor tolerance and adverse effects. The development of preclinical migraine models in the laboratory, and the advances in human experimental migraine provocation, have led to the identification of key molecules likely involved in the molecular circuity of migraine, and have provided novel therapeutic targets. Importantly, the identification that vasoconstriction is neither necessary nor required for headache abortion has changed the landscape of migraine treatment and has broadened the therapy targets for patients with vascular risk factors or vascular disease. These targets include nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and several neuropeptides that are involved in migraine. The ability of NO donors and infusion of some of these peptides into humans to trigger typical migraine-like attacks has supported the development of targeted therapies against these molecules. Some of these, such as those targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), have already reached clinical practice and are displaying a positive outcome in migraineurs for the better by offering targeted efficacy without significant adverse effects. Others, such as those targeting pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), are showing promise and are likely to enter phase 3 clinical trials in the near future. Understanding these nitrergic and peptidergic mechanisms in migraine and their interactions is likely to lead to further therapeutic strategies for migraine in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Karsan
- Headache Group, NIHR King’s Clinical Research Facility and SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9PJ, UK; (N.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Helin Gosalia
- Headache Group, NIHR King’s Clinical Research Facility and SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9PJ, UK; (N.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Peter J. Goadsby
- Headache Group, NIHR King’s Clinical Research Facility and SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9PJ, UK; (N.K.); (H.G.)
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Zhu W, Lin R, Zhao J, Wang Y. Vasoactive intestinal peptide exerts therapeutic action by regulating PTEN in a model of Sjögren's disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e936. [PMID: 37506142 PMCID: PMC10336679 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of the secretory function of the exocrine glands. At present, drugs that can both correct the immune imbalance and improve exocrine gland function are needed. Meanwhile, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been reported as a candidate with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties for treating autoimmune diseases. METHODS Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and the primary splenic lymphocyte cells (SPLCs) were used to construct the SS model. The therapeutic effects of VIP for SjD by evaluating water consumption, histopathology, T cell subsets, and related cytokines. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to identify the expression of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS We found that VIP therapy in NOD mice could increase the expression of PTEN and VIP/VPAC1 receptor, as well as decrease the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vitro, the results showed that the PTEN knockdown decreased the Treg/Th17 ratio and enhanced the phosphorylated PI3K/AKT pathway, which were reversed with VIP treatment. CONCLUSIONS VIP exerts potential therapeutic action in SjD by upregulating PTEN through the PI3K/AKT pathway and Treg/Th17 cell balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pesdiatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Privalov E, Zenkel M, Schloetzer-Schrehardt U, Kuerten S, Bergua A, Hohberger B. Pressure-Dependent Elevation of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Level in Chicken Choroid. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12040495. [PMID: 37106696 PMCID: PMC10136289 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autonomic control is important in maintaining ocular integrity. As recent data suggested that intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICN), an intrinsic choroidal autonomic control, may regulate choroidal thickening via release of the vasodilative vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), it was the aim of the study to investigate the level of choroidal VIP (VIPchor) in the presence of an increased atmospheric pressure in a chicken model. METHODS Chicken choroidal whole mounts were exposed to ambient pressure (n = 20) and 40 mm Hg (n = 20) in a PC-controlled, open chamber system for 24 and 72 h, respectively. The VIP concentration was analyzed by ELISA, and the total protein concentration was measured by the BCA assay. Statistical analysis was done using an unpaired two-tailed t-test. RESULTS The pressurization systems enabled choroidal whole mount pressurization (40 mm Hg) with humidifying, pressure, temperature, and gas exchange. Overall, the VIPchor level concentration was significantly increased at 40 mmHg compared to the ambient pressure (30.09 ± 7.18 pg vs. 20.69 ± 3.24 pg; p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis yielded a significantly increased VIPchor level at 40 mmHg compared to the ambient pressure after 24 h (28.42 ± 6.03 pg vs. 20.76 ± 4.06 pg; p = 0.005) and 72 h (31.77 ± 7.82 pg vs. 20.61 ± 2.12 pg; p = 0.002), respectively. The VIPchor elevation at 40 mm Hg ranged between 1.37- (24 h) and 1.54-fold (72 h) compared to the ambient pressure. No difference was observed between the VIPchor level at 24 h and 72 h (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increase of the total choroidal VIP level, representing the intracellular VIP content, in the presence of an increased ambient pressure argues for a retention of VIP within the neurons, decreasing both vasodilatation and, consequently, choroid thickness. This finding might be a passive or even active function of ICN in the regulation of choroidal thickness, ocular integrity and IOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Privalov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universität of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-University-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Zenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universität of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-University-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schloetzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universität of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-University-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonio Bergua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universität of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-University-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universität of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-University-Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kafer D, Marquez A, Merech F, Hauk V, Paparini D, Ramhorst R, Leirós CP, Garcia C, Vota D. Targeting first trimester trophoblast cell metabolism modulates its susceptibility to Zika virus infection. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:749-760. [PMID: 36790938 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last 15 years Zika virus (ZIKV) caused several outbreaks of increasing scale in Micronesia, South Pacific islands, and more recently in the Caribbean and South America. The severity of the clinical presentation in neonates from pregnant women infected with ZIKV during the last outbreak supports the relevance of unraveling the mechanism of infection and viral persistence in the placenta with local viral isolates. Here, we investigated the relevance of trophoblast metabolic rewiring for viral multiplication and the role of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as an endogenous factor associated with placental restriction to ZIKV infection at early pregnancy. Our in vitro model demonstrated that ZIKV triggers metabolic rewiring in first trimester cytotrophoblast-derived cells by increasing glucose utilization as fuel to sustain its replication, decreasing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid uptake, and promoting lipid droplets accumulation to favor its multiplication. Of note, variations in nutrient availability modulated viral spread in trophoblast cultures. The presence of VIP during trophoblast infection impaired ZIKV infective particle production and viral replication, restoring cell migration and metabolism. Moreover, the blockade of endogenous VIP signaling increased viral particle production and the viral entry receptor AXL expression. These results highlight the potential role of VIP as an endogenous antiviral factor related to trophoblast cell permissiveness to ZIKV infection at early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Kafer
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agostina Marquez
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fátima Merech
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Hauk
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Paparini
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cybele Garcia
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Vota
- Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bemani P, Jalili S, Hassanpour K, Faraji F, Gholijani N, Barazesh M, Mohammadi M, Farnoosh G. Designing and Characterization of Tregitope-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Multiple Sclerosis: An Immunoinformatic Approach. Curr Drug Saf 2023; 18:79-92. [PMID: 35507799 DOI: 10.2174/1574886317666220429105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system(CNS). It is widely accepted that the development and progression of MS result from aberrant activation of potentially encephalitogenic reactive-T cells against CNS antigens. The pathologic roles of both CD4+ (T helper; Th) and CD8+ T cells have been demonstrated in MS lesions. OBJECTIVE In the present work, we applied a series of bioinformatics tools to design a dendritic cell (DC)-targeting Tregitope-based multi-epitope vaccine for MS to induce tolerance in pathogenic myelin-specific T cells. METHODS The 3D structure of anti-DEC205 scFv and the remaining part of the vaccine were modeled by ROSIE Antibody server and ITASSER software, respectively. AIDA web server (ab initio domain assembly server) was applied to assemble two parts of the vaccine and build the full construct. Following modeled structure refinement and validation, physicochemical properties, and allergenicity of the vaccine were assessed. In the final step, in silico cloning was done to ensure high-level expression in the desired host. RESULTS This vaccine consists of three main parts; 1) Anti-DEC205 scFv antibody, 2) multiepitope vaccine part composed of multiple pathogenic CD4+, and CD8+ T cell epitopes originated from multiple known antigens in MS patients, as well as T-regulatory (Treg)-inducing epitopes (Tregitopes), and 3) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). All parts of the final vaccine were joined together with the help of proper linkers. After vaccine construction, the three-D structure, as well as different physicochemical and immunological features of the vaccine were predicted. Finally, in silico gene cloning was also carried out to assure efficient production of protein vaccine in Escherichia coli K12 expression strain. CONCLUSION Computational study revealed that this vaccination can regulate MS disease progression and even relapse by harnessing pathogenic T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajad Jalili
- Department of Orthopedics, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kazem Hassanpour
- Medical School, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fouziyeh Faraji
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Nasser Gholijani
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mozafar Mohammadi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang J, Zhao S, Xing X, Shang L, Cao J, He Y. Effects of Neuropeptides on Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:35-43. [PMID: 36636251 PMCID: PMC9831526 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s397079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by discolored, scaled patches of skin. Clinically, it is found that psychological factors often induce or aggravate the disease. Current research suggests that the pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the nervous and immune systems. This article reviews how neuropeptides secreted by nerve fibers affect dendritic cells in psoriasis. In this review, we describe that the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide can act on dendritic cells and participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. These neuropeptides can affect the secretion of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 by dendritic cells, which stimulate T helper (Th)1, Th17, and Th22 cells to produce immune responses and cause the manifestation of psoriasis. The application of neuropeptide inhibitors can improve the skin lesions of psoriasis, which has been confirmed in clinical trials. Therefore, neuroimmune response may be a new direction to develop new drug treatments and perspectives in the development of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinzhu Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Shang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiali Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Branch in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yanling He, Department of Dermatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-10-85231889, Email
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Negwer M, Bosch B, Bormann M, Hesen R, Lütje L, Aarts L, Rossing C, Nadif Kasri N, Schubert D. FriendlyClearMap: an optimized toolkit for mouse brain mapping and analysis. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad035. [PMID: 37222748 PMCID: PMC10205001 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue clearing is currently revolutionizing neuroanatomy by enabling organ-level imaging with cellular resolution. However, currently available tools for data analysis require a significant time investment for training and adaptation to each laboratory's use case, which limits productivity. Here, we present FriendlyClearMap, an integrated toolset that makes ClearMap1 and ClearMap2's CellMap pipeline easier to use, extends its functions, and provides Docker Images from which it can be run with minimal time investment. We also provide detailed tutorials for each step of the pipeline. FINDINGS For more precise alignment, we add a landmark-based atlas registration to ClearMap's functions as well as include young mouse reference atlases for developmental studies. We provide an alternative cell segmentation method besides ClearMap's threshold-based approach: Ilastik's Pixel Classification, importing segmentations from commercial image analysis packages and even manual annotations. Finally, we integrate BrainRender, a recently released visualization tool for advanced 3-dimensional visualization of the annotated cells. CONCLUSIONS As a proof of principle, we use FriendlyClearMap to quantify the distribution of the 3 main GABAergic interneuron subclasses (parvalbumin+ [PV+], somatostatin+, and vasoactive intestinal peptide+) in the mouse forebrain and midbrain. For PV+ neurons, we provide an additional dataset with adolescent vs. adult PV+ neuron density, showcasing the use for developmental studies. When combined with the analysis pipeline outlined above, our toolkit improves on the state-of-the-art packages by extending their function and making them easier to deploy at scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Negwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Bosch
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maren Bormann
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Hesen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Lütje
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Aarts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carleen Rossing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
He Y, Li C, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wei J, Ren L, Deng Y, Chen S, Ye Z, Zang N, Liu E. C-Fiber Degeneration Enhances Alveolar Macrophage-Mediated IFN-α/β Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0241022. [PMID: 36350149 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02410-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of unmyelinated C fibers, the nociceptive sensory nerves, by noxious stimuli is able to initiate host responses. Host defensive responses against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection rely on the induction of a robust alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) response, which acts to restrict viral production and promote antiviral immune responses. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the major source of IFN-α/β upon RSV infection. Here, we found that C fibers are involved in host defense against RSV infection. Compared to the control mice post-RSV infection, degeneration and inhibition of C fibers by blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) lowered viral replication and alleviated lung inflammation. Importantly, AMs were markedly elevated in C-fiber-degenerated (KCF) mice post-RSV infection, which was associated with higher IFN-α/β secretion as measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Degeneration of C fibers contributed to the production of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which modulated AM and IFN-α/β levels to protect against RSV infection. Collectively, these findings revealed the key role of C fibers in regulating AM and IFN-α/β responses against RSV infection via VIP, opening the possibility for new therapeutic strategies against RSV. IMPORTANCE Despite continuous advances in medicine, safe and effective drugs against RSV infection remain elusive. As such, host-RSV interactions and host-directed therapies require further research. Unmyelinated C fibers, the nociceptive sensory nerves, play an important role in regulating the host response to virus. In the present study, from the perspective of neuroimmune interactions, we clarified that C-fiber degeneration enhanced the AM-mediated IFN-α/β response against RSV via VIP, providing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of RSV infection.
Collapse
|
18
|
İlhan HD, Ünal B, Ayaz Y, Erin N. Changes in TRPV1 Expression as Well as Substance P and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels Are Associated with Recurrence of Pterygium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterygium, a disease of the ocular surface, is characterized by the proliferation and invasion of fibrovascular tissue. Chronic inflammation contributes to pterygium occurrence. Sensory neuropeptides of TRPV1-positive nerve fibers are involved in inflammation and corneal wound healing. The possible association between TRPV1 in nerve fibers and neuropeptides such as Substance P (SP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in the recurrence of pterygium has not been examined before. The pterygia from 64 patients were used to determine changes in SP and VIP levels using 10 min acetic-acid extraction that yielded mainly neuronal peptides. There was a sufficient amount of pterygium tissues from the 35 patients for further immunohistochemical analysis of TRPV1 and S100, which is a glial marker to visualize nerve fibers. SP and VIP levels increased markedly in cases with primary and secondary recurrences, and there was a close correlation between SP and VIP levels. TRPV1 expression increased in the epithelium, while stromal expression decreased in recurrences. Nerve fibers were demonstrated mainly in the stroma, and serial sections confirmed the localization of TRPV1 with the nerve fibers. These results together with previous findings demonstrated that the increased epithelial expression of TRPV1 in recurrent pterygia might be involved in the pathogenesis, and the inhibition of epithelial TRPV1 activity may prevent recurrence.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yan C, Dai C, Liu N, Qian W, Yang P, Hou X. Effects of Simo decoction on gastric motility of diabetic rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14450. [PMID: 36111645 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of simo decoction (SMD) on the gastric motility of diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetic rats were gavaged with various doses of SMD (0.15, 1.5, and 3.0 ml/kg/d) or saline, and their blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored. Gastric emptying and antral motility were assessed by phenol red retention and contractions of antral strips, respectively. The levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and neurogenic nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the gastric antrum were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS Gastric emptying was delayed in diabetic rats (p < 0.01 vs. non-diabetic controls) but accelerated after SMD administration (p < 0.01). The contractions of antral strips were reduced in diabetic rats (p < 0.01 vs. non-diabetic controls) but improved after SMD intervention (p < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of SP, VIP, and nNOS in diabetic rats were downregulated compared with non-diabetic controls (all p < 0.01). Simo decoction treatment did not affect the expression of these factors in diabetic rats. The protein levels of SP, VIP, and nNOS in diabetic rats were decreased (p < 0.01), increased (p < 0.01), and comparable (p > 0.05), respectively, in comparison with non-diabetic controls. Simo decoction administration increased SP protein expression (p < 0.01) and decreased the levels of VIP (p < 0.01) and nNOS (p < 0.01) in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Simo decoction improved gastric dysmotility of diabetic rats possibly by upregulating SP and downregulating VIP and nNOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihua Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chibing Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengchun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Youssef JG, Lavin P, Schoenfeld DA, Lee RA, Lenhardt R, Park DJ, Fernandez JP, Morganroth ML, Javitt JC, Jayaweera D. The Use of IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Aviptadil) in Patients With Critical COVID-19 Respiratory Failure: Results of a 60-Day Randomized Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:1545-1554. [PMID: 36044317 PMCID: PMC9555831 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Respiratory failure is a lethal complication of COVID-19 that has remained resistant to drug therapy. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is shown in nonclinical studies to upregulate surfactant production, inhibit cytokine synthesis, prevent cytopathy, and block replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus in pulmonary cells. The study aims to determine whether Aviptadil (synthetic VIP) can improve survival and recovery in patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure compared with placebo and demonstrate biological effects in such patients. DESIGN A multicenter, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Ten U.S. hospitals: six tertiary-care hospitals and four community hospitals. PATIENTS A total of 196 patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive 3 days of IV Aviptadil or placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary end point (alive and free from respiratory failure at day 60) did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% CI, 0.86-3.11) for patients treated with Aviptadil when controlling for baseline ventilation status as prespecified in the protocol. There was, however, a statistically significant two-fold odds of improved survival (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.9) at 60 days ( p = 0.035). There was significant improvement in respiratory distress ratio and reduced interleukin 6 cytokine release ( p = 0.02) by day 3.Subgroup analysis identified a statistically significant likelihood of achieving primary end point among those treated with high-flow nasal oxygen at baseline ( p = 0.039). Subjects on mechanical ventilation also experienced a 10-fold increased odds of survival with drug versus placebo ( p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS The primary end point did not reach statistical significance, indicating that there was no difference between Aviptadil versus placebo. However, Aviptadil improves the likelihood of survival from respiratory failure at day 60 in critical COVID-19 across all sites of care. Given the absence of drug-related serious adverse events and acceptable safety profile, we believe the benefit versus risk for the use of Aviptadil is favorable for patient treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Georges Youssef
- Houston Methodist Pulmonary Transplant Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
- Department of Academic Pulmonology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Philip Lavin
- Boston Biostatistics Research Foundation Inc, Framingham, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan C Javitt
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- NRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Wilmington, DE
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zinsser-Krys J, Kapitza C, Böhnke L, van der Keylen P, Neuhuber WL, Wörl J. Neurochemical classification of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons co-innervating motor endplates in the mouse esophagus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:960-971. [PMID: 35838072 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin immunoreactivity was previously found in myenteric neurons co-innervating motor endplates in the mouse esophagus striated muscle and an involvement in motility control was suggested. However, it is not known if other neuroactive substances are present in these neurons and to what extent they co-localize. First, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was established as a bona fide marker for putative inhibitory myenteric neurons by evaluating co-localization with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Then, co-localization of serotonin and VIP was tested in co-innervating axons on motor endplates, which were visualized with α-bungarotoxin (α-BT) by multilabel immunofluorescence. Myenteric ganglia were also surveyed for co-localization in neuronal perikarya and varicosities. nNOS, NPY, and VIP were completely co-localized in enteric co-innervating nerve terminals on motor endplates. After co-staining with VIP, we found (a) serotonin (5-HT)-positive nerve endings without VIP (44% of 5-HT-positively innervated endplates), (b) 5-HT- and VIP-positive endings without co-localization (35%), and (c) 5-HT- and VIP-positive endings with co-localization (21%). About one-fifth of nerve terminals on motor endplates containing 5-HT originate from putative inhibitory peptidegic nitrergic neurons. However, the majority represents a different population presumably subserving different functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillena Zinsser-Krys
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Kapitza
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Böhnke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piet van der Keylen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Winfried L Neuhuber
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wörl
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ozaydin-Yavuz G, Yavuz IH, İnalöz HS, Boyvadoglu C. Omalizumab is not just an anti-immunoglobulin E. J DERMATOL TREAT 2022; 33:2858-2861. [PMID: 35723235 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2089326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE The mechanism of omalizumab in urticaria is not literally known. Omalizumab may affect receptors on the mast cell surface in other ways, especially other than Fc epsilon RI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients who were treated with omalizumab with the diagnosis of chronic urticaria were included in the study. For serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), kallikrein (KAL), and substance p (SP) values, 5 mL of blood was taken from the patients. These bloods were centrifuged for 5 min and stored at -80° until the levels were measured. The changes in values measured at baseline, third month, and sixth month were analyzed by Friedman test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant results. RESULTS While SP, KAL, and VIP values increased continuously, it was observed that the D-dimer value decreased. CONCLUSION This study shows that omalizumab can affect mast cells other than IgE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show the relationship between omalizumab and VIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goknur Ozaydin-Yavuz
- Department of Dermatology, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Yavuz
- Department of Dermatology, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Serhat İnalöz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Gaziantep Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Cagdas Boyvadoglu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Gaziantep Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baccari MC, Vannucchi MG, Idrizaj E. Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 in the Control of Gastrointestinal Motility: Physiological Implications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:61-69. [PMID: 35176986 DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220217142935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a pleiotropic hormone that plays several roles in different organs and tissues, so being involved in many physiological processes. Among these, it regulates gastrointestinal (GI) tract function binding to a specific G-protein coupled receptor (GLP-2R). Of note, GLP-2R is widely expressed in different cells of the GI tract, including excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the enteric nervous system. In the gut, GLP-2 has been reported to play numerous actions, among which the modulation of motility. Nevertheless, most of the GLP-2 effects and its role in physiological processes are still debated. The aim of this minireview is to summarize the data present in the literature on the control of GI motility by GLP-2, the mechanism through which it occurs, and to discuss the physiological implications of such effects. A better understanding of the role of GLP-2 on GI motor responses may be of importance for the development of new therapeutic approaches in GI dysmotility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
YU Z, HAO L, LI Z, SUN J, CHEN H, HUO H, LI X, SHAN Z, LI H. Correlation between slow transit constipation and spleen deficiency, and gut microbiota: a pilot study. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:353-363. [PMID: 35610004 PMCID: PMC9924678 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20220408.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of slow transit constipation (STC) and spleen deficiency on gut microbiota, and the mechanism underlying the action that the positive drug Maren Runchang (MR) alleviates STC. METHODS STC was induced, using the cathartic method of Senna and the hunger-fullness disorder method, in ICR mice; one group of model mice was treated with MR (6.24 g/kg). The changes in the general condition, fecal parameters, D-xylose content in the serum, intestinal propulsion rate, and histopathology of the colon were assessed after STC induction in the control, model, and MR groups. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed from STC mice into pseudo germ-free mice. Changes in the contents of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and gut microbiota in STC mice and pseudo germ-free mice were assessed after FMT. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the model mice showed the following results: the time of the first black stool was significantly longer ( 0.01), the number and weight of black stools were significantly reduced within 6 h ( 0.05), the D-xylose content in the serum was significantly reduced ( < 0.05), the intestinal propulsion rate decreased ( < 0.01), the content of VIP in colon tissue significantly increased ( < 0.05), and SP content in the colon tissue significantly decreased ( < 0.01); moreover, the colon showed significant inflame-mation and injury. Furthermore, the abundance of Firmicutes was increased, the abundance of Bacteroides decreased, and the abundance of decreased, while the abundance of the conditional pathogenic bacteria and Klebsiella increased. However, after treatment with MR, the time of the first black stool decreased (0.01), the number of black stools within 6 h increased, and the intestinal propulsion rate increased ( < 0.05). Moreover, the content of D-xylose in the serum and the content of VIP in colon tissue significantly decreased ( < 0.05), the content of SP in colon tissue significantly increased ( < 0.01), and colon inflammation significantly improved. Additionally, the abundance of Firmicutes decreased, and the abundance of Bacteroides increased. The abundance of increased, and the abundance of decreased. In the model + FMT group, compared with control + FMT group, the content of VIP in colon tissue decreased ( < 0.05), the content of SP in colon tissue significantly increased ( < 0.01), and the abundance of probiotics, such as , decreased. In the MR + FMT group, compared with the model + FMT group, the content of VIP in colon tissue increased, the content of SP in colon tissue significantly decreased ( < 0.01), and the abundance of probiotics increased. CONCLUSIONS STC mice with spleen deficiency show a decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as , and an increased abundance of the conditional pathogenic bacteria . Furthermore, the mechanism of action of MR in treating STC may involve the regulation of intestinal movement, reduction of intestinal inflammation, elevation of intestinal absorption, and regulation of gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyue YU
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Liyu HAO
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Zongyuan LI
- 2 Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianhui SUN
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Hongying CHEN
- 3 Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Hairu HUO
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Xiaoqin LI
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Zhongchao SHAN
- 4 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 330004, China
| | - Hongmei LI
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China
- Pro. LI Hongmei, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100007, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Q, Ito T, Soko C, Hori Y, Furuyama T, Hioki H, Konno K, Yamasaki M, Watanabe M, Ohtsuka S, Ono M, Kato N, Yamamoto R. Histochemical Characterization of the Dorsal Raphe-Periaqueductal Grey Dopamine Transporter Neurons Projecting to the Extended Amygdala. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO. [PMID: 35580986 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0121-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe (DR) nucleus contains many tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons which are regarded as dopaminergic (DA) neurons. These DA neurons in the DR and periaqueductal gray (PAG) region (DADR-PAG neurons) are a subgroup of the A10 cluster, which is known to be heterogeneous. This DA population projects to the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and has been reported to modulate various affective behaviors. To characterize, the histochemical features of DADR-PAG neurons projecting to the CeA and BNST in mice, the current study combined retrograde labeling with Fluoro-Gold (FG) and histological techniques, focusing on TH, dopamine transporter (DAT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2). To identify putative DA neurons, DAT-Cre::Ai14 mice were used. It was observed that DATDR-PAG neurons consisted of the following two subpopulations: TH+/VIP– and TH–/VIP+ neurons. The DAT+/TH–/VIP+ subpopulation would be non-DA noncanonical DAT neurons. Anterograde labeling of DATDR-PAG neurons with AAV in DAT-Cre mice revealed that the fibers exclusively innervated the lateral part of the CeA and the oval nucleus of the BNST. Retrograde labeling with FG injections into the CeA or BNST revealed that the two subpopulations similarly innervated these regions. Furthermore, using VGlut2-Cre::Ai14 mice, it was turned out that the TH–/VIP+ subpopulations innervating both CeA and BNST were VGlut2-positive neurons. These two subpopulations of DATDR-PAG neurons, TH+/VIP– and TH–/VIP+, might differentially interfere with the extended amygdala, thereby modulating affective behaviors.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang X, Zhang R, Lindaman BD, Leeper CN, Schrum AG, Ulery BD. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Amphiphile Micelle Chemical Structure and Hydrophobic Domain Influence Immunomodulatory Potentiation. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:1464-1475. [PMID: 35302343 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide capable of downregulating innate immune responses in antigen presenting cells (APCs) by suppressing their pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and cell surface marker expression. Though VIP's bioactivity could possibly be leveraged as a treatment for transplant tolerance, drug delivery innovation is required to overcome its intrinsically limited cellular delivery capacity. One option is to employ peptide amphiphiles (PAs) which are lipidated peptides capable of self-assembling into micelles in water that can enhance cellular association. With this approach in mind, a series of triblock VIP amphiphiles (VIPAs) has been synthesized to explore the influence of block arrangement and hydrophobicity on micelle biocompatibility and bioactivity. VIPA formulation has been found to influence the shape, size, and surface charge of VIPA micelles (VIPAMs) as well as their cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory effects. Specifically, the enclosed work provides strong evidence that cylindrical VIPAMs with aspect ratios of 1.5-150 and moderate positive surface charge are able to potentiate the bioactivity of VIP limiting TNF-α secretion and MHC II and CD86 surface expression on APCs. With these criteria, we have identified PalmK-(EK)4-VIP as our lead formulation, which showed comparable or enhanced anti-inflammatory effects relative to the unmodified VIP at all dosages evaluated. Additionally, the relationships between peptide block location and lipid block size provide further information on the chemical structure-function relationships of PA micelles for the delivery of VIP as well as potentially for other peptides more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Bryce D Lindaman
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Caitlin N Leeper
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Adam G Schrum
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Surgery, and Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Bret D Ulery
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Traini C, Nistri S, Calosi L, Vannucchi MG. Chronic Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Affects the Ileum and Colon of Guinea Pigs Differently. Relaxin (RLX-2, Serelaxin) Prevents Most Local Damage. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:804623. [PMID: 35095510 PMCID: PMC8793690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.804623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is the cause of several organ and apparatus diseases. The effects of smoke in the gut are partially known. Accumulating evidence has shown a relationship between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease, prompting us to investigate the mechanisms of action of smoking in animal models. Despite the role played by neuropeptides in gut inflammation, there are no reports on their role in animal models of smoking exposure. The hormone relaxin has shown anti-inflammatory properties in the intestine, and it might represent a putative therapy to prevent gut damage caused by smoking. Presently, we investigate the effects of chronic smoke exposure on inflammation, mucosal secretion, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) expressions in the ileum and colon of guinea pigs. We also verify the ability of relaxin to counter the smoke-induced effects. Smoke impacted plasma carbon monoxide (CO). In the ileum, it induced inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis, and acidic mucin production; reduced the blood vessel area; decreased c-kit-positive mast cells and VIP-positive neurons; and increased the SP-positive nerve fibers. In the colon, it reduced the blood vessel area and the goblet cell area and decreased c-kit-positive mast cells, VIP-positive neurons, and SP-positive nerve fibers. Relaxin prevented most of the smoking-induced changes in the ileum, while it was less effective in the colon. This study shows the diverse sensitivity to CS between the ileum and the colon and demonstrates that both VIP and SP are affected by smoking. The efficacy of relaxin proposes this hormone as a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic to counteract gut damage in humans affected by inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Traini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Nistri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Calosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Youssef JG, Bitar MZ, Zahiruddin F, Al-Saadi M, Elshawwaf M, Yau S, Goodarzi A, Javitt JC. Brief Report: Rapid Clinical Recovery From Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Respiratory Failure in a Pregnant Patient Treated With IV Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0607. [PMID: 35018346 DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aviptadil, a synthetic form of human vasoactive intestinal peptide, has entered clinical trials to treat critical coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia with respiratory failure. Vasoactive intestinal peptide protects the lung against a broad array of injuries by binding to the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 receptor of alveolar type II cells, the cells that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 binds to. As the role of Aviptadil in treating pregnant patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia is unknown, the authors report successful treatment in such a patient who is ineligible for phase 3 trials of Aviptadil.
Collapse
|
29
|
Klett NJ, Cravetchi O, Allen CN. Long-Term Imaging Reveals a Circadian Rhythm of Intracellular Chloride in Neurons of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:110-123. [PMID: 34994231 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211059770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both inhibitory and excitatory GABA transmission exist in the mature suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master pacemaker of circadian physiology. Whether GABA is inhibitory or excitatory depends on the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i). Here, using the genetically encoded ratiometric probe Cl-Sensor, we investigated [Cl-]i in AVP and VIP-expressing SCN neurons for several days in culture. The chloride ratio (RCl) demonstrated circadian rhythmicity in AVP + neurons and VIP + neurons, but was not detected in GFAP + astrocytes. RCl peaked between ZT 7 and ZT 8 in both AVP + and VIP + neurons. RCl rhythmicity was not dependent on the activity of several transmembrane chloride carriers, action potential generation, or the L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, but was sensitive to GABA antagonists. We conclude that [Cl-]i is under circadian regulation in both AVP + and VIP + neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Klett
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Oregon Institute for Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Cravetchi
- Oregon Institute for Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Charles N Allen
- Oregon Institute for Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tonsfeldt KJ, Cui LJ, Lee J, Walbeek TJ, Brusman LE, Jin Y, Mieda M, Gorman MR, Mellon PL. Female fertility does not require Bmal1 in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons expressing arginine vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, or neuromedin-S. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:956169. [PMID: 35992114 PMCID: PMC9389073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.956169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to the circadian system alter reproductive capacity, particularly in females. Mice lacking the core circadian clock gene, Bmal1, are infertile and have evidence of neuroendocrine disruption including the absence of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and enhanced responsiveness to exogenous kisspeptin. Here, we explore the role of Bmal1 in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neuron populations known to project to the neuroendocrine axis. We generated four mouse lines using Cre/Lox technology to create conditional deletion of Bmal1 in arginine vasopressin (Bmal1fl/fl:Avpcre ), vasoactive intestinal peptide (Bmal1fl/fl:Vipcre ), both (Bmal1fl/fl:Avpcre+Vipcre ), and neuromedin-s (Bmal1fl/fl:Nmscre ) neurons. We demonstrate that the loss of Bmal1 in these populations has substantial effects on home-cage circadian activity and temperature rhythms. Despite this, we found that female mice from these lines demonstrated normal estrus cycles, fecundity, kisspeptin responsiveness, and inducible LH surge. We found no evidence of reproductive disruption in constant darkness. Overall, our results indicate that while conditional Bmal1 knockout in AVP, VIP, or NMS neurons is sufficient to disrupted locomotor activity, this disruption is insufficient to recapitulate the neuroendocrine reproductive effects of the whole-body Bmal1 knockout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Tonsfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laura J. Cui
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jinkwon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thijs J. Walbeek
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Liza E. Brusman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michael R. Gorman
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pamela L. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pamela L. Mellon,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Britz J, Ojo E, Dhukhwa A, Saito T, Saido TC, Hascup ER, Hascup KN, Tischkau SA. Assessing Sex-Specific Circadian, Metabolic, and Cognitive Phenotypes in the AβPP/PS1 and APPNL-F/NL-F Models of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 85:1077-1093. [PMID: 34897085 PMCID: PMC8900657 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian disruption has long been recognized as a symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, emerging data suggests that circadian dysfunction occurs early on in disease development, potentially preceding any noticeable cognitive deficits. OBJECTIVE This study compares the onset of AD in male and female wild type (C57BL6/J), transgenic (AβPP/PS1), and knock-in (APPNL-F/NL-F) AD mouse models from the period of plaque initiation (6 months) through 12 months. METHODS Rhythmic daily activity patterns, glucose sensitivity, cognitive function (Morris water maze, MWM), and AD pathology (plaques formation) were assessed. A comparison was made across sexes. RESULTS Sex-dependent hyperactivity in AβPP/PS1 mice was observed. In comparison to C57BL/6J animals, 6-month-old male AβPP/PS1 demonstrated nighttime hyperactivity, as did 12-month-old females. Female AβPP/PS1 animals performed significantly worse on a MWM task than AβPP/PS1 males at 12 months and trended toward increased plaque pathology. APPNL-F/NL-F 12-month-old males performed significantly worse on the MWM task compared to 12-month-old females. Significantly greater plaque pathology occurred in AβPP/PS1 animals as compared to APPNL-F/NL-F animals. Female AβPP/PS1 animals performed significantly worse than APPNL-F/NL-F animals in spatial learning and memory tasks, though this was reversed in males. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study provides novel insights into baseline sex differences, as well as characterizes baseline diurnal activity variations, in the AβPP/PS1 and APPNL-F/NL-F AD mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Britz
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Asmita Dhukhwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA,Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA,Department of Neurology, Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Shelley A. Tischkau
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA,Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA,Correspondence to: Shelley A. Tischkau, PhD, 801 N. Rutledge, Room 3289, Springfield, IL 62794-9629, USA. Tel.: +1 217 840 6724;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hou X, Yang D, Yang G, Li M, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Therapeutic potential of vasoactive intestinal peptide and its receptor VPAC2 in type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:984198. [PMID: 36204104 PMCID: PMC9531956 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.984198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the development of novel hypoglycemic drugs has become a research hotspot, with the ultimate goal of developing therapeutic drugs that stimulate glucose-induced insulin secretion without inducing hypoglycemia. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a 28-amino-acid peptide, can stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, particularly by binding to VPAC2 receptors. VIP also promotes islet β-cell proliferation through the forkhead box M1 pathway, but the specific molecular mechanism remains to be studied. The clinical application of VIP is limited because of its short half-life and wide distribution in the human body. Based on the binding properties of VIP and VPAC2 receptors, VPAC2-selective agonists have been developed to serve as novel hypoglycemic drugs. This review summarizes the physiological significance of VIP in glucose homeostasis and the potential therapeutic value of VPAC2-selective agonists in type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guimei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Yunfeng Liu,
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Yunfeng Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song X, Pi S, Gao Y, Zhou F, Yan S, Chen Y, Qiao L, Dou X, Shao D, Xu C. The Role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Mast Cells in the Regulatory Effect of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 on Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier. Front Immunol 2021; 12:723173. [PMID: 34899686 PMCID: PMC8657605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays an important role in the neuro-endocrine-immune system. Mast cells (MCs) are important immune effector cells. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of L. casei ATCC 393 on Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88-induced intestinal mucosal immune barrier injury and its association with VIP/MC signaling by in vitro experiments in cultures of porcine mucosal mast cells (PMMCs) and in vivo experiments using VIP receptor antagonist (aVIP) drug. The results showed that compared with the ETEC K88 and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced model groups, VIP pretreatment significantly inhibited the activation of MCs and the release of β-hexosaminidase (β-hex), histamine and tryptase. Pretreatment with aVIP abolished the protective effect of L. casei ATCC 393 on ETEC K88-induced intestinal mucosal immune barrier dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. Also, with the blocking of VIP signal transduction, the ETEC K88 infection increased serum inflammatory cytokines, and the numbers of degranulated MCs in ileum, which were decreased by administration of L. casei ATCC 393. In addition, VIP mediated the regulatory effect of L. casei ATCC 393 on intestinal microbiota in mice. These findings suggested that VIP may mediate the protective effect of L.casei ATCC 393 on intestinal mucosal immune barrier dysfunction via MCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Song
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanyao Pi
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yueming Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengxia Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuqi Yan
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xina Dou
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baruchin LJ, Ghezzi F, Kohl MM, Butt SJB. Contribution of Interneuron Subtype-Specific GABAergic Signaling to Emergent Sensory Processing in Mouse Somatosensory Whisker Barrel Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2538-2554. [PMID: 34613375 PMCID: PMC9201598 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian neocortex is important for conscious processing of sensory information with balanced glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling fundamental to this function. Yet little is known about how this interaction arises despite increasing insight into early GABAergic interneuron (IN) circuits. To study this, we assessed the contribution of specific INs to the development of sensory processing in the mouse whisker barrel cortex, specifically the role of INs in early speed coding and sensory adaptation. In wild-type animals, both speed processing and adaptation were present as early as the layer 4 critical period of plasticity and showed refinement over the period leading to active whisking onset. To test the contribution of IN subtypes, we conditionally silenced action-potential-dependent GABA release in either somatostatin (SST) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) INs. These genetic manipulations influenced both spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity in an age- and layer-dependent manner. Silencing SST + INs reduced early spontaneous activity and abolished facilitation in sensory adaptation observed in control pups. In contrast, VIP + IN silencing had an effect towards the onset of active whisking. Silencing either IN subtype had no effect on speed coding. Our results show that these IN subtypes contribute to early sensory processing over the first few postnatal weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liad J Baruchin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Filippo Ghezzi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Michael M Kohl
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Simon J B Butt
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shahid S, Kushner BH, Modak S, Basu EM, Rubin EM, Gundem G, Papaemmanuil E, Roberts SS. Association of BRAF V600E mutations with vasoactive intestinal peptide syndrome in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29265. [PMID: 34331515 PMCID: PMC9527949 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Very rarely, vasoactive intestinal peptide-related diarrhea (VIP-D) is observed in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) where the associated fluid and electrolyte abnormalities can pose a major clinical challenge for administering the required aggressive multimodality treatment. Two patients with HR-NB developed VIP-D during induction and were found to have a somatic BRAF V600E mutation. Serum VIP levels and diarrhea promptly resolved in both patients after initiating treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. This illustrates an association of VIP-D with BRAF V600E mutations and demonstrates a therapeutic strategy in the specific context of VIP-D and BRAF V600E mutations in HR-NB patients. The addition of BRAF and MEK inhibitors allows continued conventional tumor-directed treatment by decreasing the severity of symptoms caused by this life-threatening complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Shahid
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian H. Kushner
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ellen M. Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elyssa M. Rubin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, CHOC Children’s, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen S. Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hwang DDJ, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Lee SM. The Role of Neuropeptides in Pathogenesis of Dry Dye. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4248. [PMID: 34575359 PMCID: PMC8471988 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are known as important mediators between the nervous and immune systems. Recently, the role of the corneal nerve in the pathogenesis of various ocular surface diseases, including dry eye disease, has been highlighted. Neuropeptides are thought to be important factors in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease, as suggested by the well-known role between the nervous and immune systems, and several recently published studies have elucidated the previously unknown pathogenic mechanisms involved in the role of the neuropeptides secreted from the corneal nerves in dry eye disease. Here, we reviewed the emerging concept of neurogenic inflammation as one of the pathogenic mechanisms of dry eye disease, the recent results of related studies, and the direction of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, HanGil Eye Hospital, Incheon 21388, Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 21388, Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Lee
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Advanced Biomedical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, HanGil Eye Hospital, Incheon 21388, Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 21388, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim D, Yoon YJ, Choi D, Kim J, Lim JY. 3D Organoid Culture From Adult Salivary Gland Tissues as an ex vivo Modeling of Salivary Gland Morphogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698292. [PMID: 34458260 PMCID: PMC8397473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen formation of salivary glands has been investigated using in vivo or ex vivo rudiment culture models. In this study, we used a three-dimensional (3D) salivary gland organoid culture system and demonstrated that lumen formation could be recapitulated in mouse SMG organoids. In our organoid culture system, lumen formation was induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide and accelerated by treatment with RA. Furthermore, lumen formation was observed in branching duct-like structure when cultured in combination of fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in the presence of retinoic acid (RA). We suggest RA signaling-mediated regulation of VIPR1 and KRT7 as the underlying mechanism for lumen formation, rather than apoptosis in the organoid culture system. Collectively, our results support a fundamental role for RA in lumen formation and demonstrate the feasibility of 3D organoid culture as a tool for studying salivary gland morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dojin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yoshikawa T, Pauls S, Foley N, Taub A, LeSauter J, Foley D, Honma KI, Honma S, Silver R. Phase Gradients and Anisotropy of the Suprachiasmatic Network: Discovery of Phaseomes. eNeuro 2021:ENEURO. [PMID: 34385151 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0078-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological neural networks operate at several levels of granularity, from the individual neuron to local neural circuits to networks of thousands of cells. The daily oscillation of the brain’s master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) rests on a yet to be identified network of connectivity among its ∼20,000 neurons. The SCN provides an accessible model to explore neural organization at several levels of organization. To relate cellular to local and global network behaviors, we explore network topology by examining SCN slices in three orientations using immunochemistry, light and confocal microscopy, real-time imaging, and mathematical modeling. Importantly, the results reveal small local groupings of neurons that form intermediate structures, here termed “phaseoids,” which can be identified through stable local phase differences of varying magnitude among neighboring cells. These local differences in phase are distinct from the global phase relationship, namely that between individual cells and the mean oscillation of the overall SCN. The magnitude of the phaseoids’ local phase differences is associated with a global phase gradient observed in the SCN’s rostral-caudal extent. Modeling results show that a gradient in connectivity strength can explain the observed gradient of phaseoid strength, an extremely parsimonious explanation for the heterogeneous oscillatory structure of the SCN.
Collapse
|
39
|
Hermel M, Jones D, Olson C, Sherman M, Srivastava A. Vasoactive intestinal peptide producing pheochromocytoma and intracardiac thrombosis. Rare Tumors 2021; 13:20363613211007792. [PMID: 33889374 PMCID: PMC8040591 DOI: 10.1177/20363613211007792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A case of pheochromocytoma producing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and left ventricular thrombus in the absence of cardiomyopathy or wall motion abnormalities on echocardiogram is presented along with a review of the relevant literature. A 30-year-old female of Afghani descent with past medical history of panic attacks presented with fever, cough, sore throat, vomiting, and was found to have an 11 cm adrenal mass consistent with primary adrenocortical adenoma versus carcinoma. Her tumor elicited catechols and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Her hospitalization was complicated by left ventricular thrombosis leading to an embolic injury to her right kidney, respiratory failure, need for transient dialysis and urinary tract infections. She developed a profuse secretory diarrhea and decision was made to treat with empiric octreotide infusion and imodium with improvement in symptoms. She underwent coil and particle embolization followed by resection. Followup PET gallium scan showed no evidence of residual disease or metastasis. VIP producing pheochromocytoma associated with intracardiac thrombosis is rare. Outcomes depend on prompt diagnosis of the pheochromocytoma and multidisciplinary approach to management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Jones
- Pulmonology/Critical Care, Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Olson
- Surgical Oncology, Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Sherman
- Surgical Oncology, Scripps Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Navetta-Modrov B, Ghebrehiwet B, Yao Q. Yao Syndrome: A Potential Role and Association of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide with NOD2. Rheumatol Immunol Res 2021; 2:57-59. [PMID: 36467900 PMCID: PMC9524777 DOI: 10.2478/rir-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2) is a cytosolic receptor. Both NOD2 and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are critical in regulation of immune and inflammatory response. Yao syndrome (YAOS, OMIM 617321) is an autoinflammatory disease associated with specified NOD2 mutations. Herein, we report a well-studied case of YAOS masquerading as mast cell disorder and neuroendocrine tumors to support the involvement of VIP in YAOS. For the first time, this case study suggests a potential relationship between NOD2 and VIP. This could provide a novel avenue for mechanistic study of NOD2-associated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Navetta-Modrov
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Qingping Yao
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Palus K, Bulc M, Całka J. Effect of Acrylamide Supplementation on the Population of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)-Like Immunoreactive Neurons in the Porcine Small Intestine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9691. [PMID: 33353157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylamide is one of the harmful substances present in food. The present study aimed to establish the effect of acrylamide supplementation in tolerable daily intake (TDI) dose (0.5 µg/kg b.w./day) and a dose ten times higher than TDI (5 µg/kg b.w./day) on the population of vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) neurons in the porcine small intestine and the degree of the co-localization of VIP with other neuroactive substances (neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), substance P (SP), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART)). In our work, 15 Danish landrace gilts (5 in each experimental group) received capsules (empty or with low or high doses of acrylamide) for a period of 28 days with their morning feeding. Using double immunofluorescence staining, we established that acrylamide supplementation increased the number of neurons showing immunoreactivity towards VIP in all types of enteric nervous system (ENS) plexuses and fragments of the small intestine studied. Moreover, both doses of acrylamide led to changes in the degree of co-localization of VIP with nNOS, SP, and CART in intramural neurons. The observed changes may be the adaptation of neurons to local inflammation, oxidative stress, or the direct toxic effects of acrylamide on intestinal neurons, also referred to as neuronal plasticity.
Collapse
|
42
|
Vota D, Torti M, Paparini D, Giovannoni F, Merech F, Hauk V, Calo G, Ramhorst R, Garcia C, Pérez Leirós C. Zika virus infection of first trimester trophoblast cells affects cell migration, metabolism and immune homeostasis control. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4913-4925. [PMID: 33305387 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) re-emerged after circulating almost undetected for many years and the last spread in 2015 was the major outbreak reported. ZIKV infection was associated with congenital fetal growth anomalies such as microcephaly, brain calcifications, and low birth weight related to fetal growth restriction. In this study, we investigated the effect of ZIKV infection on first trimester trophoblast cell function and metabolism. We also studied the interaction of trophoblast cells with decidual immune populations. Results presented here demonstrate that ZIKV infection triggered a strong antiviral response in first trimester cytotrophoblast-derived cells, impaired cell migration, increased glucose uptake and GLUT3 expression, and reduced brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. ZIKV infection also conditioned trophoblast cells to favor a tolerogenic response since an increased recruitment of CD14+ monocytes bearing an anti-inflammatory profile, increased CD4+ T cells and NK CD56Dim and NK CD56Bright populations and an increment in the population CD4+ FOXP3+ IL-10+ cells was observed. Interestingly, when ZIKV infection of trophoblast cells occurred in the presence of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) there was lower detection of viral RNA and reduced toll-like receptor-3 and viperin messenger RNA expression, along with reduced CD56Dim cells trafficking to trophoblast conditioned media. The effects of ZIKV infection on trophoblast cell function and immune-trophoblast interaction shown here could contribute to defective placentation and ZIKV persistence at the fetal-maternal interface. The inhibitory effect of VIP on ZIKV infection of trophoblast cells highlights its potential as a candidate molecule to interfere ZIKV infection during early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Vota
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Torti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivrales. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Paparini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Giovannoni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivrales. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fátima Merech
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Hauk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Calo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cybele Garcia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivrales. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET). Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Spoorthi BC, More SS, Gautham SA, Ghosh S, Saha I, Maiti AK. Role of free radical scavenging activity of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction to ameliorate dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice: Implications in ulcerative colitis. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:711-723. [PMID: 33405317 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in treating ulcerative colitis (UC), targeting colonic mitochondrial dysfunction by virtue of its free radical scavenging properties for maintenance of colon mucosal integrity. METHODS A murine model was administered with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis in C57BL/6J mice at 3.5%/g bodyweight for 3 cycles of 5 days each, followed by an intraperitoneal dose of VIP at 0.5 nmol/L per mouse per day for 10 days. The post-treatment mice were sacrificed and their colon samples were utilized for further analysis. To substantiate the in vivo findings and identify the reactive species involved in progression of UC, Caco-2 cells were subjected to DSS (5%) for 24 hours at 37 °C with or without VIP (10 nmol/L) in the presence or absence of specific free radical scavengers and antioxidants. RESULTS Treatment with VIP reduced histopathological severity of colitis and cell death markers in murine model, leading to partial recovery of inhibited mitochondrial respiratory complexes, altered mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered adenosine triphosphate generation. Interestingly, in vitro treatment with VIP restored mitochondrial functions and its efficacy was equal to super oxide dismutase and dimethyl sulfoxide, indicating involvement of superoxide free radical (O2 •-) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) in progression of UC. However, catalase, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and mercaptoethylguanidine were ineffective, indicating non-involvement of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and ONOO- in UC. CONCLUSION By virtue of its free radical scavenging properties VIP can act as a potent anti-colitogenic agent, reversing colonic mitochondrial dysfunction for treating UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Shashwati Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Mitochondrial Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Physiology, Medical College Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Kumar Maiti
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Zoology, Mitochondrial Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tsubomoto M, Kawabata R, Zhu X, Minabe Y, Chen K, Lewis DA, Hashimoto T. Expression of Transcripts Selective for GABA Neuron Subpopulations across the Cortical Visuospatial Working Memory Network in the Healthy State and Schizophrenia. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3540-3550. [PMID: 30247542 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Visuospatial working memory (WM), which is impaired in schizophrenia, depends on a distributed network including visual, posterior parietal, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical regions. Within each region, information processing is differentially regulated by subsets of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons that express parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In schizophrenia, WM impairments have been associated with alterations of PV and SST neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Here, we quantified transcripts selectively expressed in GABA neuron subsets across four cortical regions in the WM network from comparison and schizophrenia subjects. In comparison subjects, PV mRNA levels declined and SST mRNA levels increased from posterior to anterior regions, whereas VIP mRNA levels were comparable across regions except for the primary visual cortex (V1). In schizophrenia subjects, each transcript in PV and SST neurons exhibited similar alterations across all regions, whereas transcripts in VIP neurons were unaltered in any region except for V1. These findings suggest that the contribution of each GABA neuron subset to inhibitory regulation of local circuitry normally differs across cortical regions of the visuospatial WM network and that in schizophrenia alterations of PV and SST neurons are a shared feature across these regions, whereas VIP neurons are affected only in V1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsubomoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Rika Kawabata
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoshio Minabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kehui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takanori Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Takashima S, Tanaka F, Kawaguchi Y, Usui Y, Fujimoto K, Nadatani Y, Otani K, Hosomi S, Nagami Y, Kamata N, Taira K, Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Imoto S, Uematsu S, Fujiwara Y. Proton pump inhibitors enhance intestinal permeability via dysbiosis of gut microbiota under stressed conditions in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13841. [PMID: 32319196 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal permeability and psychological stress are considered the key mechanism(s) in functional dyspepsia (FD). Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for the treatment of FD, the effect of PPIs on intestinal permeability has not been elucidated. This study investigated the effect of PPI on intestinal permeability under stressed conditions. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to water avoidance stress (WAS) and administered rabeprazole (40 mg/kg) or vehicle treatment (VT). We then evaluated intestinal permeability both in vivo and ex vivo using plasma fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and by assessing the paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in an Ussing chamber, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of PPI-treated fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) on intestinal permeability in vivo. Microbiota profiles of donor feces were assessed by 16S rRNA gene analysis using MiSeq and QIIME2. KEY RESULTS In the WAS treatment, PPI significantly enhanced intestinal permeability in vivo compared to that in VT. Moreover, PPI significantly increased paracellular permeability and decreased TEER in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively, compared to those in VT under stressed conditions. Moreover, both vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist and ketotifen significantly reversed the effect of PPI on intestinal permeability. Furthermore, PPI-treated FMT significantly increased the intestinal permeability in vivo compared to that in vehicle-treated FMT. Proton pump inhibitors treatment altered the gut microbiota composition, indicating that PPI induced dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Under stressed conditions, PPI enhances intestinal permeability via dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and mast cells are also implicated in the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takashima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Kawaguchi
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Usui
- Division of Systems Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujimoto
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Data Science, Health Intelligence Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Innate Immune Regulation, International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian rhythms in locomotion through coupled, single-cell oscillations. Global genetic deletion of the neuropeptide Vip or its receptor Vipr2 results in profound deficits in daily synchrony among SCN cells and daily rhythms in locomotor behavior and glucocorticoid secretion. To test whether this phenotype depends on vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) neurons in the SCN, we ablated VIP SCN neurons in vivo in adult male mice through Caspase3-mediated induction of the apoptotic pathway in cre-expressing VIP neurons. We found that ablation of VIP SCN neurons in adult mice caused a phenotype distinct from Vip- and Vipr2-null mice. Mice lacking VIP neurons retained rhythmic locomotor activity with a shortened circadian period, more variable onsets, and decreased duration of daily activity. Circadian hormonal outputs, specifically corticosterone rhythms, were severely dampened. In contrast, deletion of neonatal SCN VIP neurons dramatically reduced circadian gene expression in the cultured SCN, mimicking the effects of global deletion of Vip or Vipr2. These results suggest that SCN VIP neurons play a role in lengthening circadian period and stimulating the daily surge in glucocorticoids in adults and in synchronizing and sustaining daily rhythms among cells in the developing SCN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mazuski
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Samantha P Chen
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erik D Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Gut peptide hormones are one group of secretory factors produced from gastrointestinal endocrine cells with potent functions in modulating digestive functions. In recent decades, they have been found across different brain regions, many of which are involved in autism-related social, emotional and cognitive deficits. Clinical studies have revealed possible correlation between those hormones and autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis. In animal models, gut peptide hormones modulate neurodevelopment, synaptic transmission and neural plasticity, explaining their behavioral relevance. This review article will summarize major findings from both clinical and basic research showing the role of gut peptide hormones in mediating autism-related neurological functions, and their potential implications in autism pathogenesis. The pharmaceutical value of gut hormones in alleviating autism-associated behavioral syndromes will be discussed to provide new insights for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rui Qi
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shi L, Feng L, Zhu ML, Yang ZM, Wu TY, Xu J, Liu Y, Lin WP, Lo JHT, Zhang JF, Li G. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Stimulates Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Osteogenesis Differentiation by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Promotes Rat Skull Defect Repair. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:655-666. [PMID: 32070222 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect regeneration is a complex process that involves the coordination of a variety of different type of cells. As bone tissues are innervated and rich in nerve fibers, the neuropeptides released from various never fibers could regulate bone development, metabolism, and remodeling. Among all the neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could modulate the functions of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and may play a vital role in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis during bone repair. In this study, we investigated the role of VIP in bone formation and the mechanisms of VIP in mediating BMSC osteogenic differentiation, and its possibility in clinical application of bone defect reconstruction. Our in vitro study results indicated that VIP promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in BMSCs. VIP could also stimulate tube formation of EA.hy926 endothelial cell and increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in BMSCs. Furthermore, in the rat skull defect model, VIP-conjugated functionalized hydrogel significantly enhanced cranial bone defect repair compared with the control group, with increased bone formation and angiogenesis. Taken together, as a member of neuropeptides, VIP could promote the BMSCs osteogenesis and angiogenesis differentiation in vitro and stimulate bone repair in vivo by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The knowledge obtained from this study emphasized the close association between innervation and bone repair process, and VIP may be a potential therapeutic agent for augmenting bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Meng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Jessica Hiu Tung Lo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yeh PJ, Chen SH, Lai JY, Lai MW, Chiu CH, Chao HC, Chen SH, Wu RC, Wang CJ, Chen CC. Rare Cases of Pediatric Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Secreting Tumor With Literature Review: A Challenging Etiology of Chronic Diarrhea. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:430. [PMID: 32850544 PMCID: PMC7419468 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secreting tumor (VIPoma) is a rare disease, presenting with profuse diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, and possibly fatal outcome. The diagnosis and treatment are challenging, and no consensus guideline of management is available. The pediatric incidence remains unclear. This study comprises two pediatric case reports from a tertiary center and a literature-based case series investigating the characteristics among children. The two reported cases both presented with severe diarrhea and laboratory abnormalities, including electrolyte imbalance and elevated plasma VIP level. Case 1 received several imaging investigations, partial pancreatectomy, octreotide, and everolimus, reflecting her complicated and refractory course. Case 2 underwent total excision of suprarenal ganglioneuroblastoma, and the clinical response was significant. In both cases, varied degrees of symptomatic control, reduced plasma VIP level, and correction of electrolyte imbalance were achieved. A literature review-based case series analyzed 45 pediatric cases retrieved from the PubMed database until December 31, 2019. Demographics, clinical features, diagnostic modalities, treatments, and outcomes were presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Jui Yeh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yao Lai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Chin Chao
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Modvig IM, Christiansen CB, Rehfeld JF, Holst JJ, Veedfald S. CCK-1 and CCK-2 receptor agonism do not stimulate GLP-1 and neurotensin secretion in the isolated perfused rat small intestine or GLP-1 and PYY secretion in the rat colon. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14352. [PMID: 31984675 PMCID: PMC6983481 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are hormones released from endocrine cells in the antral stomach (gastrin), the duodenum, and the jejunum (CCK). Recent reports, based on secretion experiments in an enteroendocrine cell line (NCI-H716) and gastrin receptor expression in proglucagon-expressing cells from the rat colon, suggested that gastrin could be a regulator of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. To investigate these findings, we studied the acute effects of CCK-8 (a CCK1/CCK2 (gastrin) receptor agonist) and gastrin-17 (a CCK2(gastrin) receptor agonist) in robust ex vivo models: the isolated perfused rat small intestine and the isolated perfused rat colon. Small intestines from Wistar rats (n = 6), were perfused intraarterially over 80 min. During the perfusion, CCK (1 nmol/L) and gastrin (1 nmol/L) were infused over 10-min periods separated by washout/baseline periods. Colons from Wistar rats (n = 6) were perfused intraarterially over 100 min. During the perfusion, CCK (1 nmol/L), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (10 nmol/L), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (1 nmol/L) were infused over 10-min periods separated by washout/baseline periods. In the perfused rat small intestines neither CCK nor gastrin stimulated the release of GLP-1 or neurotensin. In the perfused rat colon, neither CCK or VIP stimulated GLP-1 or peptide YY (PYY) release, but GIP stimulated both GLP-1 and PYY release. In both sets of experiments, bombesin, a gastrin-releasing peptide analog, served as a positive control. Our findings do not support the suggestion that gastrin or CCK participate in the acute regulation of intestinal GLP-1 secretion, but that GIP may play a role in the regulation of hormone secretion from the colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida M. Modvig
- Department of Biomedical SciencesThe Panum InstituteFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Translational Metabolic PhysiologyNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchThe Panum InstituteFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Charlotte B. Christiansen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesThe Panum InstituteFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Translational Metabolic PhysiologyNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchThe Panum InstituteFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens F. Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jens J. Holst
- Department of Biomedical SciencesThe Panum InstituteFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Translational Metabolic PhysiologyNNF Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchThe Panum InstituteFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Simon Veedfald
- Department of Biomedical SciencesThe Panum InstituteFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|