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Islam F, Habib S, Badruddza K, Rahman M, Islam MR, Sultana S, Nessa A. The Association of Cytokines IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 With the Disease Severity of COVID-19: A Study From Bangladesh. Cureus 2024; 16:e57610. [PMID: 38707035 PMCID: PMC11069400 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinically, the early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 is often challenging, as a dramatic change in severity can occur without warning. The severity of COVID-19 disease is associated with an increased level of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-10 with the severity of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 60 confirmed cases of COVID-19, comprising 30 severe cases (Group A) and 30 non-severe cases (Group B), and 10 healthy individuals (Group C) attending Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from March 2021 to February 2022. The cytokine assay was performed using the human Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine kit BD cytometric bead array (CBA) on the BD Accuri C6 Plus flow cytometer. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). Results The mean ages of the patients in Groups A, B, and C were 60.73±5.97, 57.13±7.68, and 48.10±9.13 years, respectively, with a male predominance in all groups. The mean IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α levels had a positive correlation with the increased age group and male gender, although it was not statistically significant. The mean IL-6 and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher among severe cases (216.95±147.78 and 0.98±0.95 pg/mL, respectively) compared to non-severe cases (94.29±128.79 and 0.41±0.61 pg/mL, respectively) and healthy individuals (1.08±1.97 and 0.15±0.28 pg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was also significantly higher among severe cases (17.92±21.87 pg/mL) compared to non-severe cases (5.38±6.73 pg/mL) and healthy individuals (1.62±1.65 pg/mL). Conclusion IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-10 have a significant association with the severity of COVID-19 disease. Clinicians treating patients with COVID-19 can consider the level of these cytokines as biomarkers of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Islam
- Division of Laboratory Service, Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Shahriar Habib
- Department of Microbiology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal, BGD
| | - Khaja Badruddza
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal, BGD
| | - Mahatabur Rahman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheikh Russel National Gastro-Liver Institute, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mohammad R Islam
- Department of Anesthesia, Mainamoti Medical College and Hospital, Cumilla, BGD
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Afzalun Nessa
- Department of Virology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujjib Medical University, Dhaka, BGD
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Faustine G, Prijanti AR, Wibowo H. Effect of Lutein on Ocular Goblet Cell, IFN-γ, and IL-17 Concentration in Dry Eye-Induced Mice Model. Cureus 2023; 15:e42009. [PMID: 37593298 PMCID: PMC10430303 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dry eye disease affects a substantial number of individuals globally and significantly impacts their quality of life and productivity. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and managing dry eye disease poses substantial challenges. Recent research has highlighted the involvement of various inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease, including the cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17. Activation of stress signaling pathways and residential immune cells on the ocular epithelial surface ignites epithelial changes, destabilizes tear film, amplifies inflammation and creates an endless loop. Lutein is a β-carotenoid antioxidant which has been proven to be beneficial in many ocular diseases due to its protective and anti-inflammatory effect induced by various stimulators. Lutein also acts as a direct and indirect antioxidant agent, suppressing oxidative stress and mitigating oxidative damage. The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of lutein in a mouse model of dry eye, aiming to elucidate its impact on ocular manifestation, goblet cells count, IFN-γ and IL-17 level. Methods Desiccating stress was induced in C57BL/6 mice. In a separate group, lutein was administered subcutaneously on a daily basis throughout the experimental period. Clinical manifestations of dry eye, including ocular surface changes, were documented photographically. Goblet cell concentration was assessed through Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data obtained from these assessments were compared between the experimental groups to determine the potential effects of lutein on dry eye pathology and cytokine levels. Results Significant differences were observed in clinical observations and goblet cell concentrations among the groups; however, no statistically significant differences were found in the levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 between the groups. The untreated group exhibited significantly higher opacities and irregularities compared to the lutein-treated group, whereas the mean goblet cell count was highest in the lutein-treated group. Conclusion Lutein administration improves clinical observations and goblet cell concentrations in a mouse model of dry eye. The treated group exhibited improved ocular surface integrity, but no significant differences in the tested cytokine levels were observed. These findings suggest that lutein supplementation could be a promising therapeutic option for managing dry eye disease. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects of lutein in dry eye management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ani R Prijanti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Parasitology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IDN
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Ma P, Liu J, Qin J, Lai L, Heo GS, Luehmann H, Sultan D, Bredemeyer A, Bajapa G, Feng G, Jimenez J, Parks A, Amrute J, Villanueva A, Liu Y, Lin CY, Mack M, Amancherla K, Moslehi J, Lavine KJ. Expansion of Disease Specific Cardiac Macrophages in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.04.28.538426. [PMID: 37162929 PMCID: PMC10168426 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA4 have revolutionized cancer management but are associated with devastating immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including myocarditis. The main risk factor for ICI myocarditis is the use of combination PD-1 and CTLA4 inhibition. ICI-myocarditis is often fulminant and is pathologically characterized by myocardial infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages. While much has been learned regarding the role of T-cells in ICI-myocarditis, little is understood regarding the identity, transcriptional diversity, and functions of infiltrating macrophages. Methods We employed an established murine ICI myocarditis model ( Ctla4 +/- Pdcd1 -/- mice) to explore the cardiac immune landscape using single-cell RNA-sequencing, immunostaining, flow cytometry, in situ RNA hybridization and molecular imaging and antibody neutralization studies. Results We observed marked increases in CCR2 + monocyte-derived macrophages and CD8 + T-cells in this model. The macrophage compartment was heterogeneous and displayed marked enrichment in an inflammatory CCR2 + subpopulation highly expressing Cxcl9 , Cxcl10 , Gbp2b , and Fcgr4 that originated from CCR2 + monocytes. Importantly, a similar macrophage population expressing CXCL9 , CXCL10 , and CD16α (human homologue of mouse FcgR4) was found selectively expanded in patients with ICI myocarditis compared to other forms of heart failure and myocarditis. In silico prediction of cell-cell communication suggested interactions between T-cells and Cxcl9 + Cxcl10 + macrophages via IFN-γ and CXCR3 signaling pathways. Depleting CD8 + T-cells, macrophages, and blockade of IFN-γ signaling blunted the expansion of Cxcl9 + Cxcl10 + macrophages in the heart and attenuated myocarditis suggesting that this interaction was necessary for disease pathogenesis. Conclusion These data demonstrate that ICI-myocarditis is associated with the expansion of a specific population of IFN-γ induced inflammatory macrophages and suggest the possibility that IFN-γ blockade may be considered as a treatment option for this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ma
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Juan Qin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lulu Lai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrea Bredemeyer
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Geetika Bajapa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Guoshuai Feng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesus Jimenez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Antanisha Parks
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Junedh Amrute
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ana Villanueva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II – Nephrology, Universitatsklinikum Regensburg Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin II, Regensburg, Bayern, Germany
| | - Kaushik Amancherla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ogishi M, Yang R, Rosain J, Bustamante J, Casanova JL, Boisson-Dupuis S. Inborn errors of human transcription factors governing IFN-γ antimycobacterial immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 81:102296. [PMID: 36867972 PMCID: PMC10023504 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) delineate redundant and essential defense mechanisms in humans. We review 15 autosomal-dominant (AD) or -recessive (AR) IEI involving 11 transcription factors (TFs) and impairing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) immunity, conferring a predisposition to mycobacterial diseases. We consider three mechanism-based categories: 1) IEI mainly affecting myeloid compartment development (AD GATA2 and AR and AD IRF8 deficiencies), 2) IEI mainly affecting lymphoid compartment development (AR FOXN1, AR PAX1, AR RORγ/RORγT, AR T-bet, AR c-Rel, AD STAT3 gain-of-function (GOF), and loss-of-function (LOF) deficiencies), and 3) IEI mainly affecting myeloid and/or lymphoid function (AR and AD STAT1 LOF, AD STAT1 GOF, AR IRF1, and AD NFKB1 deficiencies). We discuss the contribution of the discovery and study of inborn errors of TFs essential for host defense against mycobacteria to molecular and cellular analyses of human IFN-γ immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; The David Rockefeller Graduate Program, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
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Hisbiyah Y, Endaryanto A, Setyoboedi B, Rochmah N, Faizi M. The correlation between vitamin D and levels of IFN-γ, NF-κB, thyroid antibodies in down syndrome: study in Indonesian children. Acta Biomed 2022; 93:e2022342. [PMID: 36533745 PMCID: PMC9828918 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i6.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vitamin D (VD) reduces interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production and prevents nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation, impacting the inhibition of the autoimmunity process such as autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD). Children with Down syndrome (DS) are reported to have a higher risk of autoimmunity and lower VD levels than non-DS. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate VD levels in Indonesian DS children and their relationship with marker of AITD. METHODS This study was conducted on DS children at Dr Soetomo Hospital between February 2021-June 2022. Socio-demographic status, amount of milk, fish and meat consumption, and duration of sun exposure were obtained using a self-report questionnaire. Thyroid hormone (TSH and FT4), thyroid antibody (TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab), 25 (OH)D, IFN-γ, and NF-κB levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS Of the 80 participants, 53.75% had sufficient (50.829±17.713 ng/ml) and 46.25% had non-sufficient (20.606±5.974 ng/ml) VD levels. Daily milk consumption, meat and fish consumption were risk factors contributing to VD levels in multivariate analysis [p=0.003, OR=1.007(1.003-1.012); p=0.004, OR=1.816(1.209- 2.728), respectively]. Participants with sufficient VD had significantly higher TPO-Ab (p=0.007) and Tg-Ab (p=0.016). Mean of VD levels were significantly negatively correlated with IFN-γ levels (r =-0.262, p=0.037) and positively correlated with TPO-Ab (r= 0.432, p=1x10-5,) and Tg-Ab (r= 0.375, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Majority of subjects had sufficient VD levels. VD suppresses IFN-g, but is unable to affect NF-κB levels, presumably causing high levels of TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab in sufficient VD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Hisbiyah
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Anang Endaryanto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Bagus Setyoboedi
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Nur Rochmah
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Faizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of child health, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
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Zhang X, Lu X, Yu Y, Tan K, Cui H. Changes of IL-6 And IFN-γ before and after the adverse events related to immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31761. [PMID: 36401365 PMCID: PMC9678612 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the status of tumor immunotherapy. ICIs-related adverse events (irAEs) have the high incidence and are difficult to predict and prevent. Researches have suggested that changes of cytokines were associated with irAEs. This study focused on the changes of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-γ in patients before and after irAEs and trying to find the biomarkers of irAEs. Collect basic data of patients who were treated with ICIs in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2017 to August 2021 and had irAEs. Make statistics on IL-6 and INF-γ in the blood before and after irAEs. A total of 10 patients were enrolled, including 7 males and 3 females. According to statistical analysis, the IL-6 concentration level after irAEs was significantly higher than before, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .023); the interferon-γ concentration level was not changed significantly from before, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .853). The elevation of IL-6 was associated with the occurrence of adverse reactions in ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Yu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Tan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Cui
- Integrative Oncology Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijng, China
- *Correspondence: Huijuan Cui, Integrative Oncology Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China (e-mail: )
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality. While most infections are mild, some patients experience severe and potentially fatal systemic inflammation, tissue damage, cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance. Here, we discuss innate immune processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and the resultant inflammation. Improved understanding of how the innate immune system detects and responds to SARS-CoV-2 will help identify targeted therapeutic modalities that mitigate severe disease and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Lin JC, Chen XD, Xu ZR, Zheng LW, Chen ZH. Association of the Circulating Supar Levels with Inflammation, Fibrinolysis, and Outcome in Severe Burn Patients. Shock 2021; 56:948-955. [PMID: 34779798 PMCID: PMC8579993 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperfibrinolysis and pro/anti-inflammatory imbalance usually occur in the early stage of severe burns. Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is involved in fibrinolysis and inflammation. To date, the levels of circulating suPAR in non-survivors with severe burns remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the early association between circulating suPAR levels and biomarkers of fibrinolysis, pro/anti-inflammatory, and prognosis. METHODS Sixty-four consecutive Chinese patients with severe burns and 26 healthy volunteers were enrolled in a prospective observational cohort. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were collected prospectively. Blood samples were collected at 48 h post-burn, and suPAR and biomarkers of pro/anti-inflammatory and fibrinolysis were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Important indicators between non-survivors and survivors were compared. Linear regression analysis was performed to screen variables associated with suPAR. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of suPAR. RESULT Compared with the control group, the circulating suPAR levels in the survivors (P < 0.001) and non-survivors (P = 0.017) were higher. Compared with survivors, non-survivors had lower circulating suPAR levels at 48 h post-burn, and they showed a higher degree of fibrinolysis (higher D-dimer) and a lower TNF-α/IL-10 ratio. According to linear regression analysis, the variables independently associated with a lower suPAR level were lower platelet factor 4 (PF-4), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), and TNF-α/IL-10 levels and a higher D-dimer level. Logistic regression and ROC analyses indicated that a suPAR level ≤ 4.70 μg/L was independently associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION Low circulating suPAR levels at 48 h post-burn in severe burn patients may reflect decreased TNF-α/IL-10 ratio and increased hyperfibrinolysis. suPAR can predict 30-day mortality in patients with severe burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Burn and Trauma, Fujian Burn Institute, Fujian Burn Medical Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Kurebayashi Y, Olkowski CP, Lane KC, Vasalatiy OV, Xu BC, Okada R, Furusawa A, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H, Sato N. Rapid Depletion of Intratumoral Regulatory T Cells Induces Synchronized CD8 T- and NK-cell Activation and IFNγ-Dependent Tumor Vessel Regression. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3092-3104. [PMID: 33574087 PMCID: PMC8178213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to inhibit antitumor immunity, yet the specific mechanism by which intratumoral Tregs promote tumor growth remains unclear. To better understand the roles of intratumoral Tregs, we selectively depleted tumor-infiltrating Tregs using anti-CD25-F(ab')2 near-infrared photoimmunotherapy. Depletion of tumor-infiltrating Tregs induced transient but synchronized IFNγ expression in CD8 T and natural killer (NK) cells. Despite the small fraction of CD8 T and NK cells contained within examined tumors, IFNγ produced by these CD8 T and NK cells led to efficient and rapid tumor vessel regression, intratumoral ischemia, and tumor necrosis/apoptosis and growth suppression. IFNγ receptor expression on vascular endothelial cells was required for these effects. Similar findings were observed in the early phase of systemic Treg depletion in tumor-bearing Foxp3DTR mice; combination with IL15 therapy further inhibited tumor growth and achieved increased complete regression. These results indicate the pivotal roles of intratumoral Tregs in maintaining tumor vessels and tumor growth by suppressing CD8 T and NK cells from producing IFNγ, providing insight into the mechanism of Treg-targeting therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: Intratumoral Treg depletion induces synchronized intratumoral CD8 T- and NK-cell activation, IFNγ-dependent tumor vessel regression, and ischemic tumor necrosis/apoptosis, indicating the roles of intratumoral Tregs to support the tumor vasculature. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/11/3092/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kurebayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Colleen P Olkowski
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Sponsored by the NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kelly C Lane
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Olga V Vasalatiy
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Biying C Xu
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aki Furusawa
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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runt相关转录因子3在毛细支气管炎患儿中的表达及临床意义. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2019; 21. [PMID: 31642435 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the mRNA level of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in children with bronchiolitis and its clinical significance in bronchiolitis. METHODS A total of 54 young children with bronchiolitis were enrolled as the bronchiolitis group, among whom 28 with atopic constitution were enrolled in the atopic bronchiolitis group and 26 with non-atopic constitution were enrolled in the non-atopic bronchiolitis group. A total of 48 healthy young children were enrolled as the healthy control group, among whom 24 with atopic constitution were enrolled in the atopic healthy control group and 24 with non-atopic constitution were enrolled in the non-atopic healthy control group. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA level of RUNX3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). RESULTS The bronchiolitis group had a significantly lower mRNA level of RUNX3 than the healthy control group, and the atopic bronchiolitis group had a significantly lower mRNA level of RUNX3 than the non-atopic bronchiolitis, atopic healthy control, and non-atopic healthy control groups (P<0.05). The bronchiolitis group had a significantly higher serum level of IL-4 than the healthy control group, and the atopic bronchiolitis group had a significantly higher serum level of IL-4 than the non-atopic healthy control group (P<0.05). The bronchiolitis group had a significantly lower serum level of IFN-γ than the healthy control group, and the atopic bronchiolitis group had a significantly lower serum level of IFN-γ than the non-atopic bronchiolitis, atopic healthy control, and non-atopic healthy control groups (P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the mRNA level of RUNX3 was negatively correlated with the serum level of IL-4 and was positively correlated with the serum level of IFN-γ (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of RUNX3 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells has a certain value in identifying children with atopic constitution at high risk of asthma among children with bronchiolitis.
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Men S, Yu YY, Zhang YH, Wang YF, Qian Q, Li W, Yin C. [Expression and clinical significance of runt-related transcription factor 3 in children with bronchiolitis]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2019; 21:1005-1011. [PMID: 31642435 PMCID: PMC7389732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the mRNA level of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) in children with bronchiolitis and its clinical significance in bronchiolitis. METHODS A total of 54 young children with bronchiolitis were enrolled as the bronchiolitis group, among whom 28 with atopic constitution were enrolled in the atopic bronchiolitis group and 26 with non-atopic constitution were enrolled in the non-atopic bronchiolitis group. A total of 48 healthy young children were enrolled as the healthy control group, among whom 24 with atopic constitution were enrolled in the atopic healthy control group and 24 with non-atopic constitution were enrolled in the non-atopic healthy control group. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA level of RUNX3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). RESULTS The bronchiolitis group had a significantly lower mRNA level of RUNX3 than the healthy control group, and the atopic bronchiolitis group had a significantly lower mRNA level of RUNX3 than the non-atopic bronchiolitis, atopic healthy control, and non-atopic healthy control groups (P<0.05). The bronchiolitis group had a significantly higher serum level of IL-4 than the healthy control group, and the atopic bronchiolitis group had a significantly higher serum level of IL-4 than the non-atopic healthy control group (P<0.05). The bronchiolitis group had a significantly lower serum level of IFN-γ than the healthy control group, and the atopic bronchiolitis group had a significantly lower serum level of IFN-γ than the non-atopic bronchiolitis, atopic healthy control, and non-atopic healthy control groups (P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the mRNA level of RUNX3 was negatively correlated with the serum level of IL-4 and was positively correlated with the serum level of IFN-γ (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of RUNX3 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells has a certain value in identifying children with atopic constitution at high risk of asthma among children with bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Men
- Department of Pediatric Asthma, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has indicated that the dysregulation of immunological environment has an important role in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The previous studies about the levels of the inflammatory cytokines in MDS, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17, have yielded controversial results. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the levels of these inflammatory cytokines in MDS. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and CBM was conducted to find eligible studies. Meta-analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 for Windows. Heterogeneity between included studies was assessed by I test. We chose SMD as the summary statistic. RESULTS A total of 697 individuals from 11 studies were included in this study. Our results suggest the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 were significantly higher in MDS patients compared with controls, SMD and 95%CI was 1.48 (0.60, 2.36), 0.71 (0.16, 1.25) and 0.69 (0.28, 1.09), respectively. Moreover, the levels of IL-17 have decreased in the high-risk MDS, the SMD and 95% CI was 2.96 (0.78, 5.15). CONCLUSION A close association between immunological microenvironment disorders and the pathogenesis of MDS was revealed in this meta-analysis. More importantly, the profiles of inflammatory cytokines appear to change along the progression of the disease.
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Shim S, Belanger MC, Harris AR, Munson JM, Pompano RR. Two-way communication between ex vivo tissues on a microfluidic chip: application to tumor-lymph node interaction. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1013-1026. [PMID: 30742147 PMCID: PMC6416076 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00957k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Experimentally accessible tools to replicate the complex biological events of in vivo organs offer the potential to reveal mechanisms of disease and potential routes to therapy. In particular, models of inter-organ communication are emerging as the next essential step towards creating a body-on-a-chip, and may be particularly useful for poorly understood processes such as tumor immunity. In this paper, we report the first multi-compartment microfluidic chip that continuously recirculates a small volume of media through two ex vivo tissue samples to support inter-organ cross-talk via secreted factors. To test on-chip communication, protein release and capture were quantified using well-defined artificial tissue samples and model proteins. Proteins released by one sample were transferred to the downstream reservoir and detectable in the downstream sample. Next, the chip was applied to model the communication between a tumor and a lymph node, to test whether on-chip dual-organ culture could recreate key features of tumor-induced immune suppression. Slices of murine lymph node were co-cultured with tumor or healthy tissue on-chip with recirculating media, then tested for their ability to respond to T cell stimulation. Interestingly, lymph node slices co-cultured with tumor slices appeared more immunosuppressed than those co-cultured with healthy tissue, suggesting that the chip may successfully model some features of tumor-immune interaction. In conclusion, this new microfluidic system provides on-chip co-culture of pairs of tissue slices under continuous recirculating flow, and has the potential to model complex inter-organ communication ex vivo with full experimental accessibility of the tissues and their media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjo Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Maeda T, Hiraki M, Jin C, Rajabi H, Tagde A, Alam M, Bouillez A, Hu X, Suzuki Y, Miyo M, Hata T, Hinohara K, Kufe D. MUC1-C Induces PD-L1 and Immune Evasion in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:205-215. [PMID: 29263152 PMCID: PMC5754244 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1 and the transmembrane mucin MUC1 are upregulated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where they contribute to its aggressive pathogenesis. Here, we report that genetic or pharmacological targeting of the oncogenic MUC1 subunit MUC1-C is sufficient to suppress PD-L1 expression in TNBC cells. Mechanistic investigations showed that MUC1-C acted to elevate PD-L1 transcription by recruitment of MYC and NF-κB p65 to the PD-L1 promoter. In an immunocompetent model of TNBC in which Eo771/MUC1-C cells were engrafted into MUC1 transgenic mice, we showed that targeting MUC1-C associated with PD-L1 suppression, increases in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and tumor cell killing. MUC1 expression in TNBCs also correlated inversely with CD8, CD69, and GZMB, and downregulation of these markers associated with decreased survival. Taken together, our findings show how MUC1 contributes to immune escape in TNBC, and they offer a rationale to target MUC1-C as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for TNBC treatment.Significance: These findings show how upregulation of the transmembrane mucin MUC1 contributes to immune escape in an aggressive form of breast cancer, with potential implications for a novel immunotherapeutic approach. Cancer Res; 78(1); 205-15. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Maeda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masayuki Hiraki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caining Jin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashujit Tagde
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maroof Alam
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Audrey Bouillez
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiufeng Hu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yozo Suzuki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masaaki Miyo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tsuyoshi Hata
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kunihiko Hinohara
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Zhou N, Fu Z, Li H, Wang K. Ketamine, as adjuvant analgesics for patients with refractory cancer pain, does affect IL-2/ IFN-γ expression of T cells in vitro?: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6639. [PMID: 28422864 PMCID: PMC5406080 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine has been used as an analgesic adjuvant with morphine in the treatment of refractory cancer pain recently. But both morphine and ketamine have been reported to produce a number of immunomodulatory effects. The current study was performed to assess whether the concentration of ketamine, as adjuvant analgesics for patient with refractory cancer pain, was related to its effect on T cells interleukin-2 (IL-2)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expression in vitro. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from venous blood of patients with refractory cancer pain over a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. T cells were isolated from by positive selection using anti-CD3 beads. T cells were then treated with vehicle (C group), morphine (200 ng/mL, M group), morphine (200 ng/mL), and different dose of ketamine (100, 200, 1000 ng/mL; MK1, MK5, MK10 group) for 24 hours before stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. Then supernatant IL-2 and IFN-γ protein analysis, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for IL-2 and IFN-γ were done. RESULTS There were no significant difference of supernatant IL-2 and IFN-γ among C group, M group, and MK1 group, but the mRNA of M group and MK1 group were decreased compared with C group (P < .05). Compared with C group, both of the supernatant protein and the mRNA of MK5 group and MK10 group were all significantly decreased (P < .01). Compared with M group, both of the supernatant protein and the mRNA of MK5 group and MK10 group were all decreased (P < .05), while supernatant IL-2 and the mRNA of MK10 group were significantly decreased (P < .01). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we confirmed that just as morphine, ketamine dose-dependently suppressed IL-2 and IFN-γ of activated T lymphocyte of patients with refractory cancer pain in vitro, but the inhibitory action of low dose ketamine could be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibao Zhou
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Fu
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Kaiguo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, P.R. China
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Krishnan M, Penrose HM, Shah NN, Marchelletta RR, McCole DF. VSL#3 Probiotic Stimulates T-cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-mediated Recovery of IFN-γ-induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Defects. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:2811-23. [PMID: 27824650 DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND VSL#3 is a probiotic compound that has been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) is the protein product of the inflammatory bowel disease candidate gene, PTPN2, and we have previously shown that it protects epithelial barrier function. The aim of this study was to investigate whether VSL#3 improves intestinal epithelial barrier function against the effects of the inflammatory bowel disease-associated proinflammatory cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) through activation of TCPTP. METHODS Polarized monolayers of T84 intestinal epithelial cells were treated with increasing concentrations of VSL#3 to determine effects on TCPTP expression and enzymatic activity. Therapeutic effects of VSL#3 against barrier disruption by IFN-γ were measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability. A novel TCPTP-deficient HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell line was generated to study the role of TCPTP in mediating the effects of VSL#3. Tight junction protein distribution was assessed with confocal microscopy. RESULTS VSL#3 increased TCPTP protein levels and enzymatic activity, correlating with a VSL#3-induced decrease in IFN-γ signaling. VSL#3 corrected the decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and the increase in epithelial permeability induced by IFN-γ. Moreover, the restorative effect of VSL#3 against IFN-γ signaling, epithelial permeability defects, altered expression and localization of the tight junction proteins claudin-2, occludin, and zonula occludens-1, were not realized in stable TCPTP/(PTPN2)-deficient HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS VSL#3 reduces IFN-γ signaling and IFN-γ-induced epithelial barrier defects in a TCPTP-dependent manner. These data point to a key role for TCPTP as a therapeutic target for restoration of barrier function using probiotics.
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Abstract
Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen that is linked to fetal developmental abnormalities such as microcephaly, eye defects, and impaired growth. ZIKV is an RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. ZIKV is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes, but can also be spread by maternal to fetal vertical transmission as well as sexual contact. To date, there are no reliable treatment or vaccine options available to protect those infected by the virus. The development of a reproducible, effective Zika virus infectious cell culture system is critical for studying the molecular mechanisms of ZIKV replication as well as drug and vaccine development. In this regard, a protocol describing a mammalian cell-based in vitro Zika virus culture system for viral production and growth analysis is reported here. Details on the formation of plaques by Zika virus on a cell monolayer and plaque assay for measuring viral titer are presented. Viral genome replication kinetics and double-stranded RNA genome replicatory intermediates are determined. This culture platform was utilized to screen against a library of a small set of cytokines resulting in the identification of interferon-α (IFN-α), IFN-β and IFN-γ as potent inhibitors of Zika viral growth. In summary, an in vitro infectious Zika viral culture system and various virological assays are demonstrated in this study, which has the potential to greatly benefit the research community in elucidating further the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and the evolution of viral virulence. Antiviral IFN-alpha can further be evaluated as a prophylactic, post-exposure prophylactic, and treatment option for Zika virus infections in high-risk populations, including infected pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisy Contreras
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vitiligo and alopecia areata are common, disfiguring skin diseases. Treatment options are limited and include nontargeted approaches, such as corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, narrow band ultraviolet B phototherapy, and other immune-modifying agents. The purpose of this article is to review shared, novel mechanisms between vitiligo and alopecia areata, as well as discuss how they inform the development of future targeted treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Vitiligo and alopecia areata are both autoimmune diseases, and striking similarities in pathogenesis have been identified at the level of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Increased reactive oxygen species and high cellular stress level have been suggested as the initiating trigger of the innate immune system in both diseases, and genome-wide association studies have implicated risk alleles that influence both innate and adaptive immunity. Most importantly, mechanistic studies in mouse models of vitiligo and alopecia areata have specifically implicated an interferon (IFN)γ-driven immune response, including IFNγ, IFNγ-induced chemokines, and cytotoxic CD8 T cells as the main drivers of disease pathogenesis. These recent discoveries may reveal an effective strategy to develop new treatments, and several proof-of-concept clinical studies support this hypothesis. SUMMARY The identification of IFNγ-driven immune signaling pathways has enabled discoveries of potential new treatments for vitiligo and alopecia areata, and supports initiation of larger clinical trials.
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Long KB, Gladney WL, Tooker GM, Graham K, Fraietta JA, Beatty GL. IFNγ and CCL2 Cooperate to Redirect Tumor-Infiltrating Monocytes to Degrade Fibrosis and Enhance Chemotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:400-413. [PMID: 26896096 PMCID: PMC4843521 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dense fibrosis and a robust macrophage infiltrate are key therapeutic barriers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). CD40 activation can circumvent these barriers by inducing macrophages, originating from peripheral blood monocytes, to deplete fibrosis. The precise mechanism and therapeutic implications of this antifibrotic activity, though, remain unclear. Here, we report that IFNγ and CCL2 released systemically in response to a CD40 agonist cooperate to redirect a subset of Ly6C(+)CCR2(+)monocytes/macrophages to infiltrate tumors and deplete fibrosis. Whereas CCL2 is required for Ly6C(+)monocyte/macrophage infiltration, IFNγ is necessary for tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages to shift the profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in tumors, leading to MMP-dependent fibrosis degradation. In addition, MMP13-dependent loss of extracellular matrix components induced by a CD40 agonist increased PDAC sensitivity to chemotherapy. Our findings demonstrate that fibrosis in PDAC is a bidirectional process that can be rapidly altered by manipulating a subset of tumor-infiltrating monocytes, leading to enhanced chemotherapy efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE We report that CD40 agonists improve chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic carcinoma by redirecting tumor-infiltrating monocytes/macrophages to induce fibrosis degradation that is dependent on MMPs. These findings provide novel insight into the plasticity of monocytes/macrophages in cancer and their capacity to regulate fibrosis and modulate chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen B. Long
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Whitney L. Gladney
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Graham M. Tooker
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathleen Graham
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Gregory L. Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Tosello-Trampont AC, Krueger P, Narayanan S, Landes SG, Leitinger N, Hahn YS. NKp46(+) natural killer cells attenuate metabolism-induced hepatic fibrosis by regulating macrophage activation in mice. Hepatology 2016; 63:799-812. [PMID: 26662852 PMCID: PMC4764418 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affects 3%-5% of the U.S. population, having severe clinical complications to the development of fibrosis and end-stage liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A critical cause of NASH is chronic systemic inflammation promoted by innate immune cells, such as liver macrophages (Mϕ) and natural killer (NK) cells. However, little is known about how the crosstalk between Mϕ and NK cells contributes to regulate NASH progression to fibrosis. In this report, we demonstrate that NKp46(+) cells play an important role in preventing NASH progression to fibrosis by regulating M1/M2 polarization of liver Mϕ. Using a murine model of NASH, we demonstrate that DX5(+)NKp46(+) NK cells are increased during disease and play a role in polarizing Mϕ toward M1-like phenotypes. This NK's immunoregulatory function depends on the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), but not by granzyme-mediated cytolytic activity. Notably, depletion of NKp46(+) cells promotes the development of fibrosis with increased expression of profibrogenic genes as well as skewed M2 Mϕ phenotypes in hepatic tissues. CONCLUSIONS NK cell-derived IFN-γ may be essential for maintaining a balanced inflammatory environment that promotes tissue integrity and limiting NASH progression to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Krueger
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Sowmya Narayanan
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Susan G. Landes
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Young S. Hahn
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Morita M, Joyce D, Miller C, Fung JJ, Lu L, Qian S. Rejection triggers liver transplant tolerance: Involvement of mesenchyme-mediated immune control mechanisms in mice. Hepatology 2015; 62:915-31. [PMID: 25998530 PMCID: PMC4549241 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver tolerance was initially recognized by the spontaneous acceptance of liver allografts in many species. The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. However, liver transplant (LT) tolerance absolutely requires interferon (IFN)-γ, a rejection-associated inflammatory cytokine. In this study, we investigated the rejection of liver allografts deficient in the IFN-γ receptor and reveal that the liver graft is equipped with machineries capable of counterattacking the host immune response through a mesenchyme-mediated immune control (MMIC) mechanism. MMIC is triggered by T effector (Tef) cell-derived IFN-γ that drives expression of B7-H1 on graft mesenchymal cells leading to Tef cell apoptosis. We describe the negative feedback loop between graft mesenchymal and Tef cells that ultimately results in LT tolerance. Comparable elevations of T-regulatory cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in both rejection and tolerance groups and were not dependent on IFN-γ stimulation, suggesting a critical role of Tef cell elimination in tolerance induction. We identify potent MMIC activity in hepatic stellate cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. MMIC is unlikely exclusive to the liver, given that spontaneous acceptance of kidney allografts has been reported, although less commonly, probably reflecting variance in MMIC activity. CONCLUSION MMIC may represent an important homeostatic mechanism that supports peripheral tolerance and could be a target for the prevention and treatment of transplant rejection. This study highlights that the graft is an active participant in the equipoise between tolerance and rejection and warrants more attention in the search for tolerance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Morita
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio, 44195 USA
| | - Daniel Joyce
- Department of General, Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio, 44195 USA
| | - Charles Miller
- Department of General, Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio, 44195 USA
| | - John J. Fung
- Department of General, Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio, 44195 USA
| | - Lina Lu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio, 44195 USA
- Department of General, Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio, 44195 USA
| | - Shiguang Qian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio, 44195 USA
- Department of General, Surgery, Transplant Center, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Ohio, 44195 USA
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Hesseling AC, Jaspan HB, Black GF, Nene N, Walzl G. Immunogenicity of BCG in HIV-exposed and non-exposed infants following routine birth or delayed vaccination. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2015; 19:454-62. [PMID: 25860002 PMCID: PMC4530999 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed infants are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure, have high rates of progression to tuberculosis (TB) disease and are at significant risk of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induced adverse events. OBJECTIVE To evaluate a delayed BCG vaccination strategy in HIV-exposed infants. DESIGN A randomised trial of routine BCG vaccination given at birth compared to 14 weeks of age in HIV-exposed non-infected and non-HIV-exposed infants to investigate longitudinal BCG-induced immune responses using a 7-day whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A significantly higher proportion of infants had positive responses to M. tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) and BCG at 14 weeks in the birth vs. delayed vaccination groups (P = 0.001 for both). This difference was no longer apparent at weeks 24 or 52. Among infants vaccinated at birth, the 14-week IFN-γ response to M. tuberculosis PPD was lower among HIV-exposed than non-exposed infants (276.5 pg/ml vs. 790.2, P = 0.048). Among all infants, there were significant correlations between the magnitude of IFN-γ responses to BCG, M. tuberculosis PPD, TB 10.4 and culture filtrate protein 10/early secreted antigenic target 6. CONCLUSIONS The timing of vaccination had limited effect on BCG-induced IFN-γ responses, which waned considerably over 1 year despite initial vigorous responses in both vaccination groups. The lower responses in HIV-exposed non-infected infants suggest potentially altered mycobacterial immunity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - H B Jaspan
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty, Cape Town, South Africa; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G F Black
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - N Nene
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - G Walzl
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Ferreira RC, Simons HZ, Thompson WS, Cutler AJ, Dopico XC, Smyth DJ, Mashar M, Schuilenburg H, Walker NM, Dunger DB, Wallace C, Todd JA, Wicker LS, Pekalski ML. IL-21 production by CD4+ effector T cells and frequency of circulating follicular helper T cells are increased in type 1 diabetes patients. Diabetologia 2015; 58:781-90. [PMID: 25652388 PMCID: PMC4351433 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells by T cells. Despite the established role of T cells in the pathogenesis of the disease, to date, with the exception of the identification of islet-specific T effector (Teff) cells, studies have mostly failed to identify reproducible alterations in the frequency or function of T cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS We assessed the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-21, IFN-γ and IL-17 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 69 patients with type 1 diabetes and 61 healthy donors. In an additional cohort of 30 patients with type 1 diabetes and 32 healthy donors, we assessed the frequency of circulating T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in whole blood. IL-21 and IL-17 production was also measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a subset of 46 of the 62 donors immunophenotyped for Tfh. RESULTS We found a 21.9% (95% CI 5.8, 40.2; p = 3.9 × 10(-3)) higher frequency of IL-21(+) CD45RA(-) memory CD4(+) Teffs in patients with type 1 diabetes (geometric mean 5.92% [95% CI 5.44, 6.44]) compared with healthy donors (geometric mean 4.88% [95% CI 4.33, 5.50]). Consistent with this finding, we found a 14.9% increase in circulating Tfh cells in the patients (95% CI 2.9, 26.9; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that increased IL-21 production is likely to be an aetiological factor in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes that could be considered as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo C. Ferreira
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Henry Z. Simons
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Whitney S. Thompson
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Antony J. Cutler
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Xaquin Castro Dopico
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Deborah J. Smyth
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Meghavi Mashar
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Helen Schuilenburg
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Neil M. Walker
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Wallace
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - John A. Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Linda S. Wicker
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Marcin L. Pekalski
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, WT/MRC Building, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
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Tonello L, Conway de Macario E, Marino Gammazza A, Cocchi M, Gabrielli F, Zummo G, Cappello F, Macario AJL. Data mining-based statistical analysis of biological data uncovers hidden significance: clustering Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients based on the response of their PBMC with IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion to stimulation with Hsp60. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:391-5. [PMID: 25408301 PMCID: PMC4326379 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis includes autoimmunity involving thyroid antigens, autoantibodies, and possibly cytokines. It is unclear what role plays Hsp60, but our recent data indicate that it may contribute to pathogenesis as an autoantigen. Its role in the induction of cytokine production, pro- or anti-inflammatory, was not elucidated, except that we found that peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC) from patients or from healthy controls did not respond with cytokine production upon stimulation by Hsp60 in vitro with patterns that would differentiate patients from controls with statistical significance. This "negative" outcome appeared when the data were pooled and analyzed with conventional statistical methods. We re-analyzed our data with non-conventional statistical methods based on data mining using the classification and regression tree learning algorithm and clustering methodology. The results indicate that by focusing on IFN-γ and IL-2 levels before and after Hsp60 stimulation of PBMC in each patient, it is possible to differentiate patients from controls. A major general conclusion is that when trying to identify disease markers such as levels of cytokines and Hsp60, reference to standards obtained from pooled data from many patients may be misleading. The chosen biomarker, e.g., production of IFN-γ and IL-2 by PBMC upon stimulation with Hsp60, must be assessed before and after stimulation and the results compared within each patient and analyzed with conventional and data mining statistical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Tonello
- />University of Human Sciences and Technology (LUdeS University), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore; and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- />Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Cocchi
- />University of Human Sciences and Technology (LUdeS University), Lugano, Switzerland
- />Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO Italy
| | - Fabio Gabrielli
- />University of Human Sciences and Technology (LUdeS University), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Zummo
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- />University of Human Sciences and Technology (LUdeS University), Lugano, Switzerland
- />Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- />Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore; and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
- />Istituto Euro-Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
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25
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Zubaidi AM, Hussain T, Alzoghaibi MA. The time course of cytokine expressions plays a determining role in faster healing of intestinal and colonic anastomatic wounds. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:412-7. [PMID: 26655138 PMCID: PMC4707811 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.170949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation is critical in the early phases of wound healing. It has been reported previously that small intestinal and colonic wounds display a more rapid healing than those of other organs. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Here we examined whether differences in the time course of specified cytokine expression, in colonic and small intestinal anastomotic lesions, might play a major role in this observation in comparison to lesions effecting skin and muscle tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue lesions were applied to 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue samples were harvested at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days postoperatively with the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α determined by ELISA-derived methods. RESULTS The characteristics of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α expression during the healing process for intestinal and colonic lesions were comparable. However, data differed significantly with that observed during healing of skin and muscle lesions. Intestinal and colonic lesions exhibited a significant and sustained increase in specified cytokine levels on day 5 to day 14 as compared with day 1 and 3. Skin and muscle lesions had random or unaltered cytokine levels throughout the study period. CONCLUSION Differences in expression of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α indicate that these play an important role underlying the more rapid healing processes observed in small intestinal and colonic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M. Zubaidi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tajamul Hussain
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alzoghaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Prof. Mohammed A. Alzoghaibi, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (29), Riyadh - 11641, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Perez SA, Anastasopoulou EA, Papamichail M, Baxevanis CN. AE37 peptide vaccination in prostate cancer: identification of biomarkers in the context of prognosis and prediction. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:1141-50. [PMID: 25052849 PMCID: PMC11028636 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in administering immunotherapies for cancer is the establishment of biomarkers that can predict patients' responsiveness to treatment. In this study, our aim was to predict the immunologic and clinical responses of vaccination therapy with an Ii-key-modified HER-2/neu peptide (Ii-key/HER-2(776-790) or AE37), applied in our recent phase I study in patients with prostate cancer. To this end, we retrospectively analyzed our data derived from immunologic determinations before, during and after primary series of vaccinations with AE37, as well as after one AE37 booster injection. Using the obtained data, we then observed the relationship between the immunologic parameters and clinical outcome of patients. We found that preexisting levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) had an inverse correlation with in vivo and in vitro immunologic responses to the AE37 vaccine which were measured as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production in response to the native HER-2(776-790) (or AE36) peptide, respectively. Patients with preexistent IFN-γ immunity to AE36 developed positive DTH reactions after primary vaccinations and booster. Moreover, we could detect a direct correlation between IFN-γ production and DTH reactions in response to AE36 challenge in our vaccinated patients. DTH reactions were a stronger indicator for patients' overall survival (OS) than preexistent or vaccine-induced IFN-γ immunity. In contrast, we found that preexisting TGF-β levels were correlated with shorter patients' OS. These retrospective analyses suggest that the above biomarkers at the time-points measured offer promise for evaluating immunologic and clinical responses to AE37-based vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A. Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, Athens, 11522 Greece
| | - Eleftheria A. Anastasopoulou
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, Athens, 11522 Greece
| | - Michael Papamichail
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, Athens, 11522 Greece
| | - Constantin N. Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 171 Alexandras Avenue, Athens, 11522 Greece
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Marrão G, Habib M, Paiva A, Bicout D, Fallecker C, Franco S, Fafi-Kremer S, Simões da Silva T, Morand P, Freire de Oliveira C, Drouet E. Epstein-Barr virus infection and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients correlate with immune cell TNF-α/ IFN-γ response. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:665. [PMID: 25213133 PMCID: PMC4171567 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For nearly two decades now, various studies have reported detecting the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in breast cancer (BC) cases. Yet the results are unconvincing, and their interpretation has remained a matter of debate. We have now presented prospective data on the effect of EBV infection combined with survival in patients enrolled in a prospective study. METHODS We assessed 85 BC patients over an 87-month follow-up period to determine whether EBV infection, evaluated by qPCR in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor biopsies, interacted with host cell components that modulate the evolution parameters of BC. We also examined the EBV replicating form by the titration of serum anti-ZEBRA antibodies. Immunological studies were performed on a series of 35 patients randomly selected from the second half of the survey, involving IFN-γ and TNF-α intracellular immunostaining tests performed via flow cytometry analysis in peripheral NK and T cells, in parallel with EBV signature. The effect of the EBV load in the blood or tumor tissue on patient survival was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses, combined with an analysis of covariance. RESULTS Our study represents the first ever report of the impact of EBV on the clinical outcome of BC patients, regardless of tumor histology or treatment regimen. No correlation was found between: (i) EBV detection in tumor or PBMCs and tumor characteristics; (ii) EBV and other prognostic factors. Notably, patients exhibiting anti-ZEBRA antibodies at high titers experienced poorer overall survival (p = 0.002). Those who recovered from their disease were found to have a measurable EBV DNA load, together with a high frequency of IFN-γ and TNF-α producing PBMCs (p = 0.04), which indicates the existence of a Th1-type polarized immune response in both the tumor and its surrounding tissue. CONCLUSIONS The replicative form of EBV, as investigated using anti-ZEBRA titers, correlated with poorer outcomes, whereas the latent form of the virus that was measured and quantified using the EBV tumor DNA conferred a survival advantage to BC patients, which could occur through the activation of non-specific anti-tumoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Marrão
- Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-CNRS-EMBL, CIBB, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
- Portuguese Institute for Blood and Transplantation, University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mohammed Habib
- Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-CNRS-EMBL, CIBB, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Artur Paiva
- Portuguese Institute for Blood and Transplantation, University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dominique Bicout
- Team Environment and Health Prediction in Populations Unit – TIMC Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5525, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Fallecker
- Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-CNRS-EMBL, CIBB, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Sofia Franco
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, Coimbra, & Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- Unit of Virology, University Hospital, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Patrice Morand
- Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-CNRS-EMBL, CIBB, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
- Unit of Virology, University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos Freire de Oliveira
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, Coimbra, & Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Drouet
- Université de Grenoble-Alpes, Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, UMI 3265 UJF-CNRS-EMBL, CIBB, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
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Shoman S, Nabil M, Tabl A, Ghanem H, kafrawy SE. Assessment of immunological changes in Epstein-Barr virus co-infection in Egyptian chronic HCV patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:722-7. [PMID: 25317700 PMCID: PMC4238763 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a major role in liver pathology. Similar to other members of the herpesvirus family, EBV establishes a persistent infection in more than 90% of adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of EBV and chronic hepatitis C co-infection (HCV) on biochemical and immunological responses in patients. The study was conducted in 62 patients and 33 apparently healthy controls. Patients were divided into three groups: group I, consisting of 31 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC), group II, consisting of eight patients with EBV infection and without HCV infection and group III, consisting of 23 patients with EBV and chronic HCV. The percentage of CD3⁺ cells, helper CD4⁺ cells and CD19⁺ B-cells was measured by flow cytometry. Human interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-15 levels were measured by an ELISA. The levels of liver alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes were higher in EBV/HCV patients compared to that in EBV and HCV mono-infected patients. EBV/HCV patients had significantly reduced percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ cells compared to EBV patients. Serum IFN-γ levels were significantly reduced in EBV/HCV patients (3.86 pg/mL) compared to CHC patients (6.76 pg/mL) and normal controls (4.69 pg/mL). A significant increase in serum IL-15 levels was observed in EBV/HCV patients (67.7 pg/mL) compared to EBV patients (29.3 pg/mL). Taken together, these observations suggest that HCV and EBV co-infection can potentiate immune response dampening in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Shoman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author:
| | - Mohamed Nabil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Tabl
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza,
Egypt
| | - Hussam Ghanem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University,
Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif El kafrawy
- National Liver Institute, Menufia, Egypt
- King Fahd Medical Research Canter-King Abdulaziz University, Jada,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Naujoks M, Weiß J, Riedel T, Hömberg N, Przewoznik M, Noessner E, Röcken M, Mocikat R. Alterations of costimulatory molecules and instructive cytokines expressed by dendritic cells in the microenvironment of an endogenous mouse lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:491-9. [PMID: 24638151 PMCID: PMC11029135 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory surface molecules and instructive cytokines expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) determine the outcome of an immune response. In malignant disease, DCs are often functionally compromised. In most tumors studied so far, the deficient induction of effective T cell responses has been associated with a blockade of DC maturation, but little has been known on DCs infiltrating malignant B cell lymphoma. Here, we investigated for the first time the phenotypic and functional status of DCs in B cell lymphoma, and we analyzed the network of DCs, tumor cells, natural killer (NK) cells and cytokines present in the tumor micromilieu. Therefor, we used an endogenous myc-transgenic mouse lymphoma model, because transplanted tumor cells foster an IFN-γ-driven Th1 antitumor response rather than an immunosuppressive environment, which is observed in autochthonous neoplasias. Lymphoma-infiltrating DCs showed a mature phenotype and a Th2-inducing cytokine pattern. This situation is in contrast to most human malignancies and mouse models described. Cellular contacts between DCs and tumor cells, which involved CD62L on the lymphoma, caused upregulation of costimulatory molecules, whereas IL-10 primarily derived from lymphoma cells induced an IL-12/IL-10 shift in DCs. Thus, alteration of costimulatory molecules and instructive cytokines was mediated by distinct mechanisms. Normal NK cells were able to additionally modulate DC maturation but this effect was absent in the lymphoma environment where IFN-γ production by NK cells was severely impaired. These data are relevant for establishing novel immunotherapeutic approaches against B cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Naujoks
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Weiß
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Riedel
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Hömberg
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Margarethe Przewoznik
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elfriede Noessner
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Mocikat
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Zhang X, Schaumburg CS, Coursey TG, Siemasko KF, Volpe EA, Gandhi NB, Li DQ, Niederkorn JY, Stern ME, Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS. CD8⁺ cells regulate the T helper-17 response in an experimental murine model of Sjögren syndrome. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:417-27. [PMID: 24022789 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the regulatory function of CD8⁺ cells in T helper-17 (Th17) cell-mediated corneal epithelial barrier disruption that develops in a murine desiccating stress (DS) model that resembles Sjögren syndrome. CD8⁺ cell depletion promoted generation of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-producing CD4⁺ T cells via activation of dendritic cells in both the ocular surface and draining cervical lymph nodes in C57BL/6 mice subjected to DS. T-cell-deficient nude recipient mice receiving adoptively transferred CD4⁺ T cells from CD8⁺ cell-depleted donors exposed to DS displayed increased CD4⁺ T-cell infiltration and elevated IL-17A and CC-chemokine attractant ligand 20 levels in the ocular surface, which was associated with greater corneal barrier disruption. Enhanced DS-specific corneal barrier disruption in CD8-depleted donor mice correlated with a Th17-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3 and MMP-9) in the recipient corneal epithelium. Co-transfer of CD8⁺CD103⁺ regulatory T cells did not affect the ability of DS-specific pathogenic CD4⁺ T cells to infiltrate and cause ocular surface disease in the nude recipients, showing that CD8⁺ cells regulate the efferent arm of DS-induced immune response. In summary, CD8⁺ regulatory cells suppress generation of a pathogenic Th17 response that has a pivotal role in DS-induced disruption of corneal barrier function.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of mycobacteria and Escherichia coli reactive T cells in intestinal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The biopsies were obtained by colonoscopy from adult patients with active CD (n = 5) and active UC (n = 4). The number of CD4+ T cell clones expanded and screened from each patient varied from 383 to 3972 giving a total of 16639 individual clones. The T cell clones were tested for responses to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and E. coli. The cytokine profile of 42 individual T cell clones from four CD patients was assessed. RESULTS The frequency of mycobacteria reactive T cell clones in CD patients ranged from 0.17 to 1.63% and was higher (p = 0.038) than the frequency of E. coli reactive T cells ranging from 0 to 0.18%. No or very low numbers of mycobacteria reactive clones were detected in three UC patients while the fourth UC patient had a frequency similar to what was observed in CD patients. The frequencies of E. coli reactive T cell clones in UC patients ranged from 0 to 0.52%. T cell clones (n = 42) from CD patients all produced IL-17 and/or IFN-γ. Several clones were also able to produce IL-10. CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of intestinal tissue resident T cells reactive to mycobacteria suggests that an adaptive immune response have taken place and argues that these bacteria may contribute to the chronic inflammation in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Olsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Section for Immunology, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E Lundin
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Center for Immune Regulation and Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Bax HI, Freeman AF, Ding L, Hsu AP, Marciano B, Kristosturyan E, Jancel T, Spalding C, Pechacek J, Olivier KN, Barnhart LA, Boris L, Frein C, Claypool RJ, Anderson V, Zerbe CS, Holland SM, Sampaio EP. Interferon alpha treatment of patients with impaired interferon gamma signaling. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:991-1001. [PMID: 23512243 PMCID: PMC4136390 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with deficiency in the interferon gamma receptor (IFN-γR) are unable to respond properly to IFN-γ and develop severe infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). IFN-γ and IFN-α are known to signal through STAT1 and activate many downstream effector genes in common. Therefore, we added IFN-α for treatment of patients with disseminated mycobacterial disease in an effort to complement their IFN-γ signaling defect. We treated four patients with IFN-γR deficiency with adjunctive IFN-α therapy in addition to best available antimicrobial therapy, with or without IFN-γ, depending on the defect. During IFN-α treatment, ex vivo induction of IFN target genes was detected. In addition, IFN-α driven gene expression in patients' cells and mycobacteria induced cytokine response were observed in vitro. Clinical responses varied in these patients. IFN-α therapy was associated with either improvement or stabilization of disease. In no case was disease exacerbated. In patients with profoundly impaired IFN-γ signaling who have refractory infections, IFN-α may have adjunctive anti-mycobacterial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Bax
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, CRC B3-4233 MSC 1684, Bethesda, MD 20892-1684, USA
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Aldrich JF, Shearer MH, Lowe DB, Winn RE, Jumper CA, Kennedy RC, Bright RK. The role of gamma interferon in DNA vaccine-induced tumor immunity targeting simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:371-82. [PMID: 22926061 PMCID: PMC11028630 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The central role of CD4+ T lymphocytes in mediating DNA vaccine-induced tumor immunity against the viral oncoprotein simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (Tag) has previously been described by our laboratory. In the present study, we extend our previous findings by examining the roles of IFN-γ and Th1-associated effector cells within the context of DNA immunization in a murine model of pulmonary metastasis. Immunization of BALB/c mice with plasmid DNA encoding SV40 Tag (pCMV-Tag) generated IFN-γ-secreting T lymphocytes that produced this cytokine upon in vitro stimulation with mKSA tumor cells. The role of IFN-γ as a mediator of protection against mKSA tumor development was assessed via in vivo IFN-γ neutralization, and these experiments demonstrated a requirement for this cytokine in the induction immune phase. Neutralization of IFN-γ was associated with a reduction in Th1 cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes, as assessed by flow cytometry analysis, and provided further evidence for the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes as drivers of the cellular immune response. Depletion of NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes demonstrated the expendability of these cell types individually, but showed a requirement for a resident cytotoxic cell population within the immune effector phase. Our findings demonstrate the importance of IFN-γ in the induction of protective immunity stimulated by pCMV-Tag DNA-based vaccine and help to clarify the general mechanisms by which DNA vaccines trigger immunity to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel F. Aldrich
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
| | - Michael H. Shearer
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
| | - Devin B. Lowe
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
- Present Address: Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Richard E. Winn
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
| | - Cynthia A. Jumper
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
| | - Ronald C. Kennedy
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
| | - Robert K. Bright
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 6591, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA
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Pagán AJ, Peters NC, Debrabant A, Ribeiro-Gomes F, Pepper M, Karp CL, Jenkins MK, Sacks DL. Tracking antigen-specific CD4+ T cells throughout the course of chronic Leishmania major infection in resistant mice. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:427-38. [PMID: 23109292 PMCID: PMC4086308 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary Leishmania major infection typically produces cutaneous lesions that not only heal but also harbor persistent parasites. While the opposing roles of CD4(+) T-cell-derived IFN-γ and IL-10 in promoting parasite killing and persistence have been well established, how these responses develop from naïve precursors has not been directly monitored throughout the course of infection. We used peptide:Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (pMHCII) tetramers to investigate the endogenous, parasite-specific primary CD4(+) T-cell response to L. major in mice resistant to infection. Maximal frequencies of IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) T cells were observed in the spleen and infected ears within a month after infection and were maintained into the chronic phase. In contrast, peak frequencies of IL-10(+) CD4(+) T cells emerged within 2 weeks of infection, persisted into the chronic phase, and accumulated in the infected ears but not the spleen, via a process that depended on local antigen presentation. T helper type-1 (Th1) cells, not Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells, were the chief producers of IL-10 and were not exhausted. Therefore, tracking antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells revealed that IL-10 production by Th1 cells is not due to persistent T-cell antigen receptor stimulation, but rather driven by early antigen encounter at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Pagán
- Department of Microbiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Humphreys IR, Clement M, Marsden M, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Smart K, Hindley JP, Bridgeman HM, van den Berg HA, Price DA, Ager A, Wooldridge L, Godkin A, Gallimore AM. Avidity of influenza-specific memory CD8+ T-cell populations decays over time compromising antiviral immunity. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:3235-42. [PMID: 22965681 PMCID: PMC3657127 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Decline of cell-mediated immunity is often attributed to decaying T-cell numbers and their distribution in peripheral organs. This study examined the hypothesis that qualitative as well as quantitative changes contribute to the declining efficacy of CD8(+) T-cell memory. Using a model of influenza virus infection, where loss of protective CD8(+) T-cell immunity was observed 6 months postinfection, we found no decline in antigen-specific T-cell numbers or migration to the site of secondary infection. There was, however, a large reduction in antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell degranulation, cytokine secretion, and polyfunctionality. A profound loss of high-avidity T cells over time indicated that failure to confer protective immunity resulted from the inferior functional capacity of remaining low avidity cells. These data imply that high-avidity central memory T cells wane with declining antigen levels, leaving lower avidity T cells with reduced functional capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Humphreys
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Golden-Mason L, Stone AE, Bambha KM, Cheng L, Rosen HR. Race- and gender-related variation in natural killer p46 expression associated with differential anti-hepatitis C virus immunity. Hepatology 2012; 56:1214-22. [PMID: 22505144 PMCID: PMC3458134 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Major racial and gender differences have been documented in the natural history and treatment responses of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection; however, distinct mechanisms have remained enigmatic. We hypothesized that racial- and gender-related differences in natural killer (NK) cell populations may explain altered natural history and treatment responses. Our study cohort consisted of 29 African-American (AA; 55% male) and 29 Caucasian-American (CA; 48% male) healthy uninfected control subjects. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis was used to characterize levels, phenotype with respect to 14 NK receptors, and lymphokine-activated killing (LAK) function. Gene expression was assessed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction after 6-hour in vitro stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The ability to control HCV infection was assessed in the Huh-7.5/JFH-1 coculture system. NK expression of natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 was strongly associated with CA race and female gender and correlated positively with LAK activity (P = 0.0054). NKp46(high) NKs were more efficient at controlling HCV than their NKp46(low) counterparts (P < 0.001). Similarly, ligation of NKp46 on isolated NK cells resulted in a significant reduction in the HCV copy number detected in Huh-7.5/JFH-1 coculture (multiplicity of infection: 0.01) at an effector:target ratio of 5:1 (P < 0.005). After TLR stimulation, genes involved in cytotoxicity, but not cytokine genes, were significantly up-regulated in NKp46(high) NKs. Cytokine stimulation (interleukin [IL]-12 and IL-15) demonstrated that NKp46(high) NK cells have significantly higher interferon-gamma production than NKp46(low) cells. TLR stimulation significantly induced degranulation as well as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, Fas, and TNF-α protein expression in NKp46(high) NKs. NKp46 ligand was induced on HCV-infected hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS NKp46 expression may contribute to differential HCV responses. NKp46 expression correlates with anti-HCV activity in vitro and thus may prove to be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Golden-Mason
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
,Integrated Program in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Hospital, Denver CO. USA
| | - Amy E.L Stone
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
,Integrated Program in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Hospital, Denver CO. USA
| | - Kiran M. Bambha
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Linling Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hugo R. Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
,Integrated Program in Immunology: University of Colorado Denver and National Jewish Hospital, Denver CO. USA.
,Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
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Schulze J, Voss S, Zissler U, Rose MA, Zielen S, Schubert R. Airway responses and inflammation in subjects with asthma after four days of repeated high-single-dose allergen challenge. Respir Res 2012; 13:78. [PMID: 22989372 PMCID: PMC3445853 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both standard and low-dose allergen provocations are an established tool in asthma research to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of allergic asthma. However, clinical symptoms are less likely to be induced. Therefore, we designed a protocol for repetitive high-dose bronchial allergen challenges to generate clinical symptoms and airway inflammation. METHODS A total of 27 patients aged 18 to 40 years with positive skin-prick tests and mild asthma underwent repetitive high-dose allergen challenges with household dust mites for four consecutive days. Pulmonary function and exhaled NO were measured at every visit. Induced sputum was analysed before and after the allergen challenges for cell counts, ECP, IL-5, INF-γ, IL-8, and the transcription factor Foxp3. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in pulmonary function, an increased use of salbutamol and the development of a late asthmatic response and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, as well as a significant induction of eNO, eosinophils, and Th-2 cytokines. Repeated provocation was feasible in the majority of patients. Two subjects had severe adverse events requiring prednisolone to cope with nocturnal asthma symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Repeated high-dose bronchial allergen challenges resulted in severe asthma symptoms and marked Th-2-mediated allergic airway inflammation. The high-dose challenge model is suitable only in an attenuated form in diseased volunteers for proof-of-concept studies and in clinical settings to reduce the risk of severe asthma exacerbations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT00677209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schulze
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Voss
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Zissler
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus A Rose
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department of Allergy, Pulmonology, and Cystic Fibrosis, Children's Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Robinson DP, Klein SL. Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Horm Behav 2012; 62:263-71. [PMID: 22406114 PMCID: PMC3376705 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, it is evolutionarily advantageous for inflammatory immune responses that might lead to fetal rejection to be reduced and anti-inflammatory responses that promote transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus to be increased. Hormones modulate the immunological shift that occurs during pregnancy. Estrogens, including estradiol and estriol, progesterone, and glucocorticoids increase over the course of pregnancy and affect transcriptional signaling of inflammatory immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface and systemically. During pregnancy, the reduced activity of natural killer cells, inflammatory macrophages, and helper T cell type 1 (Th1) cells and production of inflammatory cytokines, combined with the higher activity of regulatory T cells and production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, affects disease pathogenesis. The severity of diseases caused by inflammatory responses (e.g., multiple sclerosis) is reduced and the severity of diseases that are mitigated by inflammatory responses (e.g., influenza and malaria) is increased during pregnancy. For some infectious diseases, elevated inflammatory responses that are necessary to control and clear a pathogen have a negative consequence on the outcome of pregnancy. The bidirectional interactions between hormones and the immune system contribute to both the outcome of pregnancy and female susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionne P. Robinson
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Abstract
IFN-γ is generally believed to be important in the autoimmune pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the development of spontaneous β-cell autoimmunity is unaffected in NOD mice lacking expression of IFN-γ or the IFN-γ receptor (IFNγR), bringing into question the role IFN-γ has in T1D. In the current study, an adoptive transfer model was employed to define the contribution of IFN-γ in CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T cell-mediated β-cell autoimmunity. NOD.scid mice lacking expression of the IFNγR β chain (NOD.scid.IFNγRB(null)) developed diabetes following transfer of β cell-specific CD8(+) T cells alone. In contrast, β cell-specific CD4(+) T cells alone failed to induce diabetes despite significant infiltration of the islets in NOD.scid.IFNγRB(null) recipients. The lack of pathogenicity of CD4(+) T-cell effectors was due to the resistance of IFNγR-deficient β cells to inflammatory cytokine-induced cell death. On the other hand, CD4(+) T cells indirectly promoted β-cell destruction by providing help to CD8(+) T cells in NOD.scid.IFNγRB(null) recipients. These results demonstrate that IFN-γR may play a key role in CD4(+) T cell-mediated β-cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoan Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Alaina Garland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Qiuming He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jonathan D Katz
- Diabetes Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Roland Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Eberstål S, Badn W, Fritzell S, Esbjörnsson M, Darabi A, Visse E, Siesjö P. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enhances immunotherapy against experimental brain tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1191-9. [PMID: 22213142 PMCID: PMC11029214 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in humans, and the prognosis is very poor despite conventional therapy. Immunotherapy represents a novel treatment approach, but the effect is often weakened by release of immune-suppressive molecules such as prostaglandins. In the current study, we investigated the effect of immunotherapy with irradiated interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-secreting tumor cells and administration of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor parecoxib as treatment of established rat brain tumors. COX-2 inhibition and immunotherapy significantly enhanced the long-term cure rate (81% survival) compared with immunotherapy alone (19% survival), and there was a significant increase in plasma IFN-γ levels in animals treated with the combined therapy, suggesting a systemic T helper 1 immune response. COX-2 inhibition alone, however, did neither induce cure nor prolonged survival. The tumor cells were identified as the major source of COX-2 both in vivo and in vitro, and unmodified tumor cells produced prostaglandin E(2) in vitro, while the IFN-γ expressing tumor cells secreted significantly lower levels. In conclusion, we show that immunotherapy of experimental brain tumors is greatly potentiated when combined with COX-2 inhibition. Based on our results, the clinically available drug parecoxib may be added to immunotherapy against human brain tumors. Furthermore, the discovery that IFN-γ plasma levels can be used to determine the ongoing in vivo immune response has translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Eberstål
- Glioma Immunotherapy Group, The Rausing Laboratory, BMC D14, Divison of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Yi Z, Li L, Garland A, He Q, Wang H, Katz JD, Tisch R, Wang B. IFN-γ receptor deficiency prevents diabetes induction by diabetogenic CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2010-8. [PMID: 22865049 PMCID: PMC3883988 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ is generally believed to be important in the autoimmune pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the development of spontaneous β-cell autoimmunity is unaffected in NOD mice lacking expression of IFN-γ or the IFN-γ receptor (IFNγR), bringing into question the role IFN-γ has in T1D. In the current study, an adoptive transfer model was employed to define the contribution of IFN-γ in CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T cell-mediated β-cell autoimmunity. NOD.scid mice lacking expression of the IFNγR β chain (NOD.scid.IFNγRB(null)) developed diabetes following transfer of β cell-specific CD8(+) T cells alone. In contrast, β cell-specific CD4(+) T cells alone failed to induce diabetes despite significant infiltration of the islets in NOD.scid.IFNγRB(null) recipients. The lack of pathogenicity of CD4(+) T-cell effectors was due to the resistance of IFNγR-deficient β cells to inflammatory cytokine-induced cell death. On the other hand, CD4(+) T cells indirectly promoted β-cell destruction by providing help to CD8(+) T cells in NOD.scid.IFNγRB(null) recipients. These results demonstrate that IFN-γR may play a key role in CD4(+) T cell-mediated β-cell destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoan Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Alaina Garland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Qiuming He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jonathan D Katz
- Diabetes Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Roland Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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Auletta JJ, Bartholomew AM, Maziarz RT, Deans RJ, Miller RH, Lazarus HM, Cohen JA. The potential of mesenchymal stromal cells as a novel cellular therapy for multiple sclerosis. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:529-47. [PMID: 22642335 PMCID: PMC3381871 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the CNS for which only partially effective therapies exist. Intense research defining the underlying immune pathophysiology is advancing both the understanding of MS as well as revealing potential targets for disease intervention. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy has the potential to modulate aberrant immune responses causing demyelination and axonal injury associated with MS, as well as to repair and restore damaged CNS tissue and cells. This article reviews the pathophysiology underlying MS, as well as providing a cutting-edge perspective into the field of MSC therapy based upon the experience of authors intrinsically involved in MS and MSC basic and translational science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J Auletta
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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43
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Li P, Du Q, Cao Z, Guo Z, Evankovich J, Yan W, Chang Y, Shao L, Stolz DB, Tsung A, Geller DA. Interferon-γ induces autophagy with growth inhibition and cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells through interferon-regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). Cancer Lett 2012; 314:213-22. [PMID: 22056812 PMCID: PMC3487386 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic cytokine with immunomodulatory, anti-viral, and anti-proliferative effects. In this study, we examined the effects of IFN-γ on autophagy and cell growth in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. IFN-γ inhibited cell growth of Huh7 cells with non-apoptotic cell death. IFN-γ induced autophagosome formation and conversion/turnover of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein. Furthermore, overexpression of IRF-1 also induced autophagy in Huh7 cells. Silencing IRF-1 expression with target small hairpin RNA blocked autophagy induced by IFN-γ. Silencing of the autophagy signals Beclin-1 or Atg5 attenuated the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on Huh7 cells with decreased cell death. Additionally, IFN-γ activated autophagy in freshly cultured human HCC cells. Together, these findings show that IFN-γ induces autophagy through IRF-1 signaling pathway and the induction of autophagy contributes to the growth-inhibitory effect of IFN-γ with cell death in human liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zongxian Cao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Zhong Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John Evankovich
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lifang Shao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - David A. Geller
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Corstjens PLAM, de Dood CJ, van der Ploeg-van Schip JJ, Wiesmeijer KC, Riuttamäki T, van Meijgaarden KE, Spencer JS, Tanke HJ, Ottenhoff THM, Geluk A. Lateral flow assay for simultaneous detection of cellular- and humoral immune responses. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1241-6. [PMID: 21763300 PMCID: PMC3177995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.06.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of a cytokine detection assay suitable for detection of multiple biomarkers for improved diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases. DESIGN AND METHODS A lateral flow (LF) assay to detect IL-10 was developed utilizing the up-converting phosphor (UCP) reporter-technology. The assay was evaluated using blood samples of leprosy patients. Multiplex applications were explored targeting: 1) IL-10 and IFN-γ in assay buffer; 2) IL-10 and anti-phenolic glycolipid (PGL-I) antibodies in serum from leprosy patients. RESULTS Detection of IL-10 below the targeted level of 100pg/mL in serum was shown. Comparison with ELISA showed a quantitative correlation with R(2) value of 0.92. Multiplexing of cytokines and simultaneous detection of cytokine and antibody was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS The UCP-LF IL-10 assay is a user-friendly, rapid alternative for IL-10 ELISAs, suitable for multiplex detection of different cytokines and can be merged with antibody-detection assays to simultaneously detect cellular- and humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L A M Corstjens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Loisel DA, Tan Z, Tisler CJ, Evans MD, Gangnon RE, Jackson DJ, Gern JE, Lemanske RF, Ober C. IFNG genotype and sex interact to influence the risk of childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:524-31. [PMID: 21798578 PMCID: PMC3548570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disease characterized by sex-specific differences in incidence, prevalence, and severity, but little is known about the molecular basis of these sex-based differences. OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic architecture of sex differences in asthma risk, we evaluated (1) associations between polymorphisms in the IFNG gene and childhood-onset asthma in combined and sex-specific samples and (2) interactions between polymorphisms and sex on asthma risk. METHODS Main and sex-interaction effects of IFNG genetic diversity on asthma risk and IFN-γ levels were examined in a birth cohort of children at high risk for asthma and allergic diseases. Replication of the genetic association was assessed in an independent sample of asthma cases. RESULTS Significant genotype-sex interactions on asthma were observed for 2 IFNG single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2069727 and rs2430561, which were in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other. In contrast, none of the 10 IFNG single nucleotide polymorphisms showed significant main effects on asthma. The observed genotype-sex interaction on asthma was characterized by nonadditivity; that is, heterozygous boys had the highest risk for asthma, and heterozygous girls had the lowest risk. The interaction effect was robust to other asthma risk factors but was limited to children who experienced wheezing illnesses with viral infections during the first 3 years of life. Genotype-sex interactions were also observed in the IFN-γ response to LPS in the first year of life. Finally, the sex-interaction effect was replicated in an independent population of childhood asthma cases. CONCLUSIONS These results provide insight into the genetic basis of sex differences in asthma and highlight the potential importance of interactions among sex, genotype, and environmental factors in asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan A Loisel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Fujiya M, Inaba Y, Musch MW, Hu S, Kohgo Y, Chang EB. Cytokine regulation of OCTN2 expression and activity in small and large intestine. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:907-16. [PMID: 20722056 PMCID: PMC2990793 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The organic cation transporter OCTN2 is located on the IBD5 risk allele and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). OCTN2 is expressed in the apical membrane and transports many solutes including bacteria-derived mediators that may be involved in host-microbial interactions. To explore its role further, we examined potential regulatory factors in human IBD and in experimental models of OCTN2 expression. METHODS Human colonic epithelial cells (Caco2BBE) were used to investigate the effects of inflammatory mediators on OCTN2 activity and expression. Apical membrane expression of OCTN2 was assessed by surface biotinylation. Rag-1(-/-) -deficient mice were used to determine the potential role of adaptive immune cells in the regulation of OCTN2 expression. C57Bl/6 mice were treated with the cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to determine the effects on OCTN2 expression and activity. OCTN2 expression in human IBD specimens was assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS OCTN2 activity and expression are regulated by the state of intestinal inflammation. OCTN2 expression in colonic tissues of Rag-1(-/-) -deficient mice was reduced. Treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α increased intestinal OCTN2 expression, particularly in the colon. IFN-γ increased both total and apical membrane expression of Caco2BBE OCTN2, whereas TNF-α stimulated apical expression. Colonic epithelial OCTN2 expression was increased in actively inflamed areas of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal epithelial OCTN2 expression is increased by intestinal inflammation, most likely through increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that OCTN2 may participate to restoration of intestinal homeostasis under conditions of inflammation-associated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Fujiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Life Style Diseases, Asahikawa Medical School, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yuhei Inaba
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois
| | - Mark W. Musch
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois
| | - Shien Hu
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois
| | - Yutaka Kohgo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Life Style Diseases, Asahikawa Medical School, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois,To Whom Correspondence Should be addressed: Eugene B. Chang, M. D., Martin Boyer Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, MC 6084, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637, Phone: 773-702-6458 fax: 773 702-2281,
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Goettel JA, Scott Algood HM, Olivares-Villagómez D, Washington MK, Chaturvedi R, Wilson KT, Kaer LV, Polk DB. KSR1 protects from interleukin-10 deficiency-induced colitis in mice by suppressing T-lymphocyte interferon-γ production. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:265-74. [PMID: 20875416 PMCID: PMC3008308 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Immunological disorders of the gastrointestinal tract such as inflammatory bowel disease often result in recurrent and persistently elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) is involved in tumor necrosis factor-mediated colon epithelial cell survival, yet its role in chronic inflammation has not been defined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that KSR1 is protective against spontaneous experimental colitis. METHODS KSR1(-/-)Interleukin-10 (Il10)(-/-) mice were generated and histolopathologic parameters of intestinal inflammation were scored. Bone marrow transplants performed on wild-type and KSR1(-/-)Il10(-/-) mice determined the contribution of KSR1 in hematopoietic lineages. Mucosal T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cytokine were also examined. In vitro Th1 and Th17 polarization assays were conducted and interleukin (IL)-17A and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production analyzed by flow cytometry. Neutralizing antibodies against IgG, IL-17A, or IFN-γ were administered to 3-week-old KSR1(-/-)Il10(-/-) mice for 3 weeks and scored for colitis. RESULTS KSR1(-/-)Il10(-/-) mice developed accelerated and severe spontaneous colitis by 4 weeks of age. KSR1 expression in hematopoietic lineages was protective against colitis. Both IFN-γ and IL-17A transcripts were elevated in colons of KSR1(-/-) and KSR1(-/-)Il10(-/-) mice. IFN-γ production was increased in lamina propria T cells isolated from KSR1(-/-) and KSR1(-/-)Il10(-/-) mice. Additionally, in vitro Th1 polarization was increased while Th17 polarization was impaired in KSR1-deficient naïve T cells. Finally, administration of IFN-γ neutralizing antibodies attenuated colitis in KSR1(-/-)Il10(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Mice lacking both KSR1 and IL-10 develop exacerbated colitis due to dysregulated IFN-γ production in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Goettel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Holly M. Scott Algood
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Danyvid Olivares-Villagómez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - M. Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - D. Brent Polk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN 37232
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Arababadi MK, Pourfathollah AA, Jafarzadeh A, Hassanshahi G, Daneshmandi S, Shamsizadeh A, Kennedy D. Non-association of IL-12 +1188 and IFN-γ +874 polymorphisms with cytokines serum level in occult HBV infected patients. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:30-5. [PMID: 21196650 PMCID: PMC3099077 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.74461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is identified as a form of hepatitis in which despite the absence of detectable HBsAg, HBV-DNA is observed in peripheral blood of patients. The main aim of this study has been to investigate the association between polymorphisms in +874 of IFN-γ and +1188 of IL-12 with their serum level in patients suffering from OBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, plasma samples of 3700 blood donors were tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBc by ELISA. The HBsAg-/anti-HBc+ samples were selected and screened for HBV-DNA by PCR. HBV-DNA positive samples were assigned as OBI cases and ARMS-PCR techniques were performed to examine the two known polymorphisms within IL-12 and IFN-γ. In addition, the serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ were also determined by ELISA. RESULTS Results of this study demonstrated that, 352 (9.5%) out of 3700 blood samples were HBsAg-/anti-HBc+ and HBV-DNA was detected in 57/352 (16.1%) of HBsAg-/anti-HBc+ samples. Our results showed that groups showed significant difference in CC allele of +1188 region of IL-12 and no difference was observed in the other evaluated genes. Our results also showed that the alleles of +1188 region of IL-12 and alleles of +874 of IFN-γ were also not associated with serum level of cytokines. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, it may be concluded that the polymorphisms in +1188 region of IL-12 and +874 region of IFN-γ would not affect the expression of both cytokines at serum level in OBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K. Arababadi
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Molecular- Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi, Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. E-mail: kazemi24
| | - Ali A. Pourfathollah
- Molecular- Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Molecular- Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Department of Microbiology, Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Molecular- Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Daneshmandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Molecular- Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Derek Kennedy
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffi th University Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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Scharl M, Rudenko I, McCole DF. Loss of protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 potentiates epidermal growth factor suppression of intestinal epithelial chloride secretion. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G935-45. [PMID: 20689057 PMCID: PMC2957338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00106.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Crohn's disease candidate gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2), has been shown to regulate epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in fibroblasts. In intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), EGF-induced EGF receptor (EGFR) activation and recruitment of PI3K play a key role in regulating many cellular functions including Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) secretion. Moreover, EGFR also serves as a conduit for signaling by other non-growth factor receptor ligands such as the proinflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ. Here we investigated a possible role for PTPN2 in the regulation of EGFR signaling and Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) secretion in IECs. PTPN2 knockdown enhanced EGF-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in T(84) cells. In particular, PTPN2 knockdown promoted EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR residues Tyr-992 and Tyr-1068 and led subsequently to increased association of the catalytic PI3K subunit, p110, with EGFR and elevated phosphorylation of the downstream marker, Akt. As a functional consequence, loss of PTPN2 potentiated EGF-induced inhibition of carbachol-stimulated Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) secretion. In contrast, PTPN2 knockdown affected neither IFN-γ-induced EGFR transactivation nor EGF- or IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In summary, our data establish a role for PTPN2 in the regulation of EGFR signaling in IECs in response to EGF but not IFN-γ. Knockdown of PTPN2 directs EGFR signaling toward increased PI3K activation and increased suppression of epithelial chloride secretory responses. Moreover, our findings suggest that PTPN2 dysfunction in IECs leads to altered control of intestinal epithelial functions regulated by EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Scharl
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Ivan Rudenko
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Declan F. McCole
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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Abstract
Cationic materials exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory activity in experimental arthritis models. Our aim was to confirm this character of cationic materials and investigate its possible mechanism. Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) models were used to test cationic materials for their anti-inflammatory activity. Cationic dextran (C-dextran) with different cationic degrees was used to investigate the influence of the cationic elements of materials on their anti-inflammatory ability. Peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells were used to test the expression of cytokines stimulated by cationic materials. Interferon (IFN)-gamma receptor-deficient mice and macrophage-depleted rats were used to examine the possible mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity of cationic materials. In AIA models, different cationic materials shared similar anti-inflammatory characters. The anti-inflammatory activity of C-dextran increased with as the cationic degree increased. Cationic materials stimulated interleukin (IL)-12 expression in peritoneal macrophages, and strong stimulation of IFN-gamma secretion was subsequently observed in spleen cells. In vivo experiments revealed that circulating IL-12 and IFN-gamma were enhanced by the cationic materials. Using IFN-gamma receptor knockout mice and macrophage-depleted rats, we found that IFN-gamma and macrophages played key roles in the anti-inflammatory activity of the materials towards cells. We also found that neutrophil infiltration at inflammatory sites was reduced when AIA animals were treated with C-dextran. We propose that cationic signals act through an unknown receptor on macrophages to induce IL-12 secretion, and that IL-12 promotes the expression of IFN-gamma by natural killer cells (or T cells). The resulting elevated systemic levels of IFN-gamma inhibit arthritis development by preventing neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Suhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Diabetes Center, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nano-Technology, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, P. R. China
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