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Sollid LM. Tolerance-inducing therapies in coeliac disease - mechanisms, progress and future directions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:335-347. [PMID: 38336920 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Coeliac disease is an autoinflammatory condition caused by immune reactions to cereal gluten proteins. Currently, the only available treatment for the condition is a lifelong avoidance of gluten proteins in the diet. There is an unmet need for alternative therapies. Coeliac disease has a strong association with certain HLA-DQ allotypes (DQ2.5, DQ2.2 and DQ8), and these disease-associated HLA-DQ molecules present deamidated gluten peptides to gluten-specific CD4+ T cells. The gluten-specific CD4+ T cells are the drivers of the immune reactions leading to coeliac disease. Once established, the clonotypes of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells persist for decades, explaining why patients must adhere to a gluten-free diet for life. Given the key pathogenic role of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells, tolerance-inducing therapies that target these T cells are attractive for treatment of the disorder. Lessons learned from coeliac disease might provide clues for treatment of other HLA-associated diseases for which the disease-driving antigens are unknown. Thus, intensive efforts have been and are currently implemented to bring an effective tolerance-inducing therapy for coeliac disease. This Review discusses mechanisms of the various approaches taken, summarizing the progress made, and highlights future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Abadie V, Han A, Jabri B, Sollid LM. New Insights on Genes, Gluten, and Immunopathogenesis of Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00478-5. [PMID: 38670280 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a gluten-induced enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals upon consumption of cereal gluten proteins. It is a unique and complex immune disorder to study, as the driving antigen is known and the tissue targeted by the immune reaction can be interrogated. This review integrates findings gained from genetic, biochemical, and immunologic studies, which together have revealed mechanisms of gluten peptide modification and HLA binding, thereby enabling a maladapted anti-gluten immune response. Observations in human samples combined with experimental mouse models have revealed that the gluten-induced immune response involves CD4+ T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and B cells; their cross-talks are critical for the tissue-damaging response. The emergence of high-throughput technologies is increasing our understanding of the phenotype, location, and presumably function of the gluten-specific cells, which are all required to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Abadie
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Arnold Han
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Lindeman I, Høydahl LS, Christophersen A, Risnes LF, Jahnsen J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Iversen R. Generation of circulating autoreactive pre-plasma cells fueled by naive B cells in celiac disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114045. [PMID: 38578826 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are characteristic of celiac disease (CeD), and TG2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A plasma cells are abundant in gut biopsies of patients. Here, we describe the corresponding population of autoreactive B cells in blood. Circulating TG2-specific IgA cells are present in untreated patients on a gluten-containing diet but not in controls. They are clonally related to TG2-specific small intestinal plasma cells, and they express gut-homing molecules, indicating that they are plasma cell precursors. Unlike other IgA-switched cells, the TG2-specific cells are negative for CD27, placing them in the double-negative (IgD-CD27-) category. They have a plasmablast or activated memory B cell phenotype, and they harbor fewer variable region mutations than other IgA cells. Based on their similarity to naive B cells, we propose that autoreactive IgA cells in CeD are generated mainly through chronic recruitment of naive B cells via an extrafollicular response involving gluten-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise F Risnes
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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du Pre MF, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Coeliac disease: the paradox of diagnosing a food hypersensitivity disorder with autoantibodies. Gut 2024; 73:844-853. [PMID: 38378252 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Serum antibodies to the autoantigen transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are increasingly harnessed to diagnose coeliac disease. Diagnostic guidelines for children give recommendation for a no-biopsy-based diagnosis through detection of high amounts of IgA anti-TG2 antibodies in serum with confirmation of positivity in a separate blood sample by characteristic autoantibody-staining of tissue. While measurement of IgA anti-TG2 also is important in the diagnostic workup of adults, the adult guidelines still mandate examination of gut biopsies. This requirement might well change in the future, as might the necessity for confirming autoantibody positivity by tissue staining. The key role of autoantibody serology for diagnosis of coeliac disease is paradoxical. Coeliac disease was considered, and still can be considered, a food intolerance disorder where autoantibodies at face value are out of place. The immunological mechanisms underlying the formation of autoantibodies in response to gluten exposure have been dissected. This review presents the current insights demonstrating that the autoantibodies in coeliac disease are intimately integrated in the maladapted immune response to gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fleur du Pre
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hosptial - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hosptial - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hosptial - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Risnes LF, Reims HM, Doyle RM, Qiao SW, Sollid LM, Lundin KEA, Christophersen A. Gluten-Free Diet Induces Rapid Changes in Phenotype and Survival Properties of Gluten-Specific T Cells in Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00351-2. [PMID: 38552723 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The treatment of celiac disease (CeD) with gluten-free diet (GFD) normalizes gut inflammation and disease-specific antibodies. CeD patients have HLA-restricted, gluten-specific T cells persisting in the blood and gut even after decades of GFD, which are reactivated and disease driving upon gluten exposure. Our aim was to examine the transition of activated gluten-specific T cells into a pool of persisting memory T cells concurrent with normalization of clinically relevant biomarkers during the first year of treatment. METHODS We followed 17 CeD patients during their initial GFD year, leading to disease remission. We assessed activation and frequency of gluten-specific CD4+ blood and gut T cells with HLA-DQ2.5:gluten tetramers and flow cytometry, disease-specific serology, histology, and symptom scores. We assessed gluten-specific blood T cells within the first 3 weeks of GFD in 6 patients and serology in an additional 9 patients. RESULTS Gluten-specific CD4+ T cells peaked in blood at day 14 while up-regulating Bcl-2 and down-regulating Ki-67 and then decreased in frequency within 10 weeks of GFD. CD38, ICOS, HLA-DR, and Ki-67 decreased in gluten-specific cells within 3 days. PD-1, CD39, and OX40 expression persisted even after 12 months. IgA-transglutaminase 2 decreased significantly within 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS GFD induces rapid changes in the phenotype and number of gluten-specific CD4+ blood T cells, including a peak of nonproliferating, nonapoptotic cells at day 14. Subsequent alterations in T-cell phenotype associate with the quiescent but chronic nature of treated CeD. The rapid changes affecting gluten-specific T cells and disease-specific antibodies offer opportunities for clinical trials aiming at developing nondietary treatments for patients with newly diagnosed CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Risnes
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway: (4)Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik M Reims
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway: (4)Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ronan M Doyle
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway: (4)Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway: (4)Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway: (4)Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway: (4)Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Das S, Stamnaes J, Kemppainen E, Hervonen K, Lundin KEA, Parmar N, Jahnsen FL, Jahnsen J, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Correction to: Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400894. [PMID: 38477397 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
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Johansen A, Sandve GKF, Ibsen JH, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Stamnaes J. Biopsy Proteome Scoring to Determine Mucosal Remodeling in Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)00286-5. [PMID: 38467384 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Histologic evaluation of gut biopsy specimens is a cornerstone for diagnosis and management of celiac disease (CeD). Despite its wide use, the method depends on proper biopsy orientation, and it suffers from interobserver variability. Biopsy proteome measurement reporting on the tissue state can be obtained by mass spectrometry analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Here we aimed to transform biopsy proteome data into numerical scores that give observer-independent measures of mucosal remodeling in CeD. METHODS A pipeline using glass-mounted formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections for mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis was established. Proteome data were converted to numerical scores using 2 complementary approaches: a rank-based enrichment score and a score based on machine-learning using logistic regression. The 2 scoring approaches were compared with each other and with histology analyzing 18 patients with CeD with biopsy specimens collected before and after treatment with a gluten-free diet as well as biopsy specimens from patients with CeD with varying degree of remission (n = 22). Biopsy specimens from individuals without CeD (n = 32) were also analyzed. RESULTS The method yielded reliable proteome scoring of both unstained and H&E-stained glass-mounted sections. The scores of the 2 approaches were highly correlated, reflecting that both approaches pick up proteome changes in the same biological pathways. The proteome scores correlated with villus height-to-crypt depth ratio. Thus, the method is able to score biopsy specimens with poor orientation. CONCLUSIONS Biopsy proteome scores give reliable observer and orientation-independent measures of mucosal remodeling in CeD. The proteomic method can readily be implemented by nonexpert laboratories in parallel to histology assessment and easily scaled for clinical trial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Johansen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Geir Kjetil F Sandve
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Holen Ibsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Iversen R, Sollid LM. Dissecting autoimmune encephalitis through the lens of intrathecal B cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401337121. [PMID: 38354256 PMCID: PMC10907258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401337121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Iversen
- Norwegian Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo0372, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo0372, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Norwegian Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo0372, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo0372, Norway
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Okura Y, Ikawa-Teranishi Y, Mizoroki A, Takahashi N, Tsushima T, Irie M, Harfuddin Z, Miura-Okuda M, Ito S, Nakamura G, Takesue H, Ozono Y, Nishihara M, Yamada K, Gan SW, Hayasaka A, Ishii S, Wakabayashi T, Muraoka M, Nagaya N, Hino H, Nemoto T, Kuramochi T, Torizawa T, Shimada H, Kitazawa T, Okazaki M, Nezu J, Sollid LM, Igawa T. Characterizations of a neutralizing antibody broadly reactive to multiple gluten peptide:HLA-DQ2.5 complexes in the context of celiac disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8502. [PMID: 38135691 PMCID: PMC10746718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In human celiac disease (CeD) HLA-DQ2.5 presents gluten peptides to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, thereby instigating immune activation and enteropathy. Targeting HLA-DQ2.5 with neutralizing antibody for treating CeD may be plausible, yet using pan-HLA-DQ antibody risks affecting systemic immunity, while targeting selected gluten peptide:HLA-DQ2.5 complex (pHLA-DQ2.5) may be insufficient. Here we generate a TCR-like, neutralizing antibody (DONQ52) that broadly recognizes more than twenty-five distinct gluten pHLA-DQ2.5 through rabbit immunization with multi-epitope gluten pHLA-DQ2.5 and multidimensional optimization. Structural analyses show that the proline-rich and glutamine-rich motif of gluten epitopes critical for pathogenesis is flexibly recognized by multiple tyrosine residues present in the antibody paratope, implicating the mechanisms for the broad reactivity. In HLA-DQ2.5 transgenic mice, DONQ52 demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetics with high subcutaneous bioavailability, and blocks immunity to gluten while not affecting systemic immunity. Our results thus provide a rationale for clinical testing of DONQ52 in CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuu Okura
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akihiko Mizoroki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Machiko Irie
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Shunsuke Ito
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Genki Nakamura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takesue
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yui Ozono
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Yamada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akira Hayasaka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Masaru Muraoka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nishiki Nagaya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hino
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nemoto
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taichi Kuramochi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Torizawa
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Makoto Okazaki
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junichi Nezu
- R&D Portfolio Management Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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Heggelund JE, Das S, Stamnaes J, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Autoantibody binding and unique enzyme-substrate intermediate conformation of human transglutaminase 3. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6216. [PMID: 37798283 PMCID: PMC10556103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 3 (TG3), the autoantigen of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), is a calcium dependent enzyme that targets glutamine residues in polypeptides for either transamidation or deamidation modifications. To become catalytically active TG3 requires proteolytic cleavage between the core domain and two C-terminal β-barrels (C1C2). Here, we report four X-ray crystal structures representing inactive and active conformations of human TG3 in complex with a TG3-specific Fab fragment of a DH patient derived antibody. We demonstrate that cleaved TG3, upon binding of a substrate-mimicking inhibitor, undergoes a large conformational change as a β-sheet in the catalytic core domain moves and C1C2 detaches. The unique enzyme-substrate conformation of TG3 without C1C2 is recognized by DH autoantibodies. The findings support a model where B-cell receptors of TG3-specific B cells bind and internalize TG3-gluten enzyme-substrate complexes thereby facilitating gluten-antigen presentation, T-cell help and autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Elisabeth Heggelund
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Saykat Das
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Das S, Stamnaes J, Kemppainen E, Hervonen K, Lundin KEA, Parmar N, Jahnsen FL, Jahnsen J, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300401. [PMID: 37424036 PMCID: PMC10477854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an inflammatory skin disorder often considered as an extra intestinal manifestation of celiac disease (CeD). Hallmarks of CeD and DH are auto-antibodies to transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and transglutaminase 3 (TG3), respectively. DH patients have auto-antibodies reactive with both transglutaminase enzymes. Here it is reported that in DH both gut plasma cells and serum auto-antibodies are specific for either TG2 or TG3 with no TG2-TG3 cross reactivity. By generating monoclonal antibodies from TG3-specific duodenal plasma cells of DH patients, three conformational epitope groups are defined. Both TG2-specific and TG3-specific gut plasma cells have few immunoglobulin (Ig) mutations, and the two transglutaminase-reactive populations show distinct selection of certain heavy and light chain V-genes. Mass spectrometry analysis of TG3-specific serum IgA corroborates preferential usage of IGHV2-5 in combination with IGKV4-1. Collectively, these results demonstrate parallel induction of anti-TG2 and anti-TG3 auto-antibody responses involving separate B-cell populations in DH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saykat Das
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Esko Kemppainen
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Kaisa Hervonen
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
- Department of DermatologyTampere University HospitalTampere33520Finland
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oslo and Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oslo and Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of GastroenterologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskog1478Norway
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Teea Salmi
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
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12
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Amundsen SF, Stamnaes J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM. Expression of transglutaminase 2 in human gut epithelial cells: Implications for coeliac disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287662. [PMID: 37368893 PMCID: PMC10298751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formation of complexes between transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and gluten can mechanistically explain why TG2 serves both as B-cell autoantigen and as an enzyme that creates deamidated gluten epitopes in coeliac disease (CeD). A model has been proposed where TG2 released from shed epithelial cells encounters high concentrations of dietary gluten peptides to form these TG2:gluten complexes. In this work we have characterised TG2 protein expression in gut epithelial cells in humans. METHODS Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and mass spectrometry in combination with laser capture microdissection to gain spatial resolution were used to characterise TG2 expression in the epithelial cell layer of healthy and coeliac disease affected duodenum. FINDINGS TG2 is expressed in human duodenal epithelial cells, including cells in the apical region that are shed into the gut lumen. In untreated CeD the apical expression of TG2 is doubled. Enzymatically active TG2 is readily released from isolated human intestinal epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Shed epithelial cells are a plausible source of pathogenic TG2 enzyme in CeD. Increased epithelial TG2 expression and increased epithelial shedding in active CeD may reinforce action of luminal TG2 in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva F. Amundsen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital—Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Polak J, Wagnerberger JH, Torsetnes SB, Lindeman I, Høglund RAA, Vartdal F, Sollid LM, Lossius A. Single-cell transcriptomics combined with proteomics of intrathecal IgG reveal transcriptional heterogeneity of oligoclonal IgG-secreting cells in multiple sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1189709. [PMID: 37362001 PMCID: PMC10285169 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1189709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypes of B lineage cells that produce oligoclonal IgG in multiple sclerosis have not been unequivocally determined. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA-seq data of intrathecal B lineage cells in combination with mass spectrometry of intrathecally synthesized IgG to identify its cellular source. We found that the intrathecally produced IgG matched a larger fraction of clonally expanded antibody-secreting cells compared to singletons. The IgG was traced back to two clonally related clusters of antibody-secreting cells, one comprising highly proliferating cells, and the other consisting of more differentiated cells expressing genes associated with immunoglobulin synthesis. These findings suggest some degree of heterogeneity among cells that produce oligoclonal IgG in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Polak
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna H. Wagnerberger
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ida Lindeman
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune A. Aa. Høglund
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Vartdal
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Lossius
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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14
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Funsten MC, Yurkovetskiy LA, Kuznetsov A, Reiman D, Hansen CHF, Senter KI, Lee J, Ratiu J, Dahal-Koirala S, Antonopoulos DA, Dunny GM, Sollid LM, Serreze D, Khan AA, Chervonsky AV. Microbiota-dependent proteolysis of gluten subverts diet-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:213-227.e9. [PMID: 36603588 PMCID: PMC9911364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diet and commensals can affect the development of autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, whether dietary interventions are microbe-mediated was unclear. We found that a diet based on hydrolyzed casein (HC) as a protein source protects non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice in conventional and germ-free (GF) conditions via improvement in the physiology of insulin-producing cells to reduce autoimmune activation. The addition of gluten (a cereal protein complex associated with celiac disease) facilitates autoimmunity dependent on microbial proteolysis of gluten: T1D develops in GF animals monocolonized with Enterococcus faecalis harboring secreted gluten-digesting proteases but not in mice colonized with protease deficient bacteria. Gluten digestion by E. faecalis generates T cell-activating peptides and promotes innate immunity by enhancing macrophage reactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gnotobiotic NOD Toll4-negative mice monocolonized with E. faecalis on an HC + gluten diet are resistant to T1D. These findings provide insights into strategies to develop dietary interventions to help protect humans against autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Funsten
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Leonid A Yurkovetskiy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrey Kuznetsov
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Derek Reiman
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Camilla H F Hansen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Katharine I Senter
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jean Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jeremy Ratiu
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and University of Oslo Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gary M Dunny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and University of Oslo Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aly A Khan
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Population and Precision Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Family Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander V Chervonsky
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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15
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Sollid LM, Iversen R. Tango of B cells with T cells in the making of secretory antibodies to gut bacteria. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:120-128. [PMID: 36056203 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric IgA and IgM are transported across the epithelial barrier from plasma cells in the lamina propria to exert a function in the gut lumen as secretory antibodies. Many secretory antibodies are reactive with the gut bacteria, and mounting evidence suggests that these antibodies are important for the host to control gut bacterial communities. However, we have incomplete knowledge of how bacteria-reactive secretory antibodies are formed. Antibodies from gut plasma cells often show bacterial cross-species reactivity, putting the degree of specificity behind anti-bacterial antibody responses into question. Such cross-species reactive antibodies frequently recognize non-genome-encoded membrane glycan structures. On the other hand, the T cell epitopes are peptides encoded in the bacterial genomes, thereby allowing a higher degree of predictable specificity on the T cell side of anti-bacterial immune responses. In this Perspective, we argue that the production of bacteria-reactive secretory antibodies is mainly controlled by the antigen specificity of T cells, which provide help to B cells. To be able to harness this system (for instance, for manipulation with vaccines), we need to obtain insight into the bacterial epitopes recognized by T cells in addition to characterizing the reactivity of the antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Chlubnová M, Christophersen AO, Sandve GKF, Lundin KE, Jahnsen J, Dahal-Koirala S, Sollid LM. Identification of gluten T cell epitopes driving celiac disease. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade5800. [PMID: 36696493 PMCID: PMC9876541 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells specific for cereal gluten proteins are key players in celiac disease (CeD) pathogenesis. While several CeD-relevant gluten T cell epitopes have been identified, epitopes recognized by a substantial proportion of gluten-reactive T cells remain unknown. The identification of such CeD-driving gluten epitopes is important for the food industry and in clinical settings. Here, we have combined the knowledge of a distinct phenotype of gluten-reactive T cells and key features of known gluten epitopes for the discovery of unknown epitopes. We tested 42 wheat gluten-reactive T cell clones, isolated on the basis of their distinct phenotype and with no reactivity to known epitopes, against a panel of synthetic peptides bioinformatically identified from a wheat gluten protein database. We were able to assign reactivity to 10 T cell clones and identified a 9-nucleotide oligomer core region of five previously uncharacterized gliadin/glutenin epitopes. This work represents an advance in the effort to identify CeD-driving gluten epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Chlubnová
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn O. Christophersen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology, and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kjetil F. Sandve
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E.A Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Abstract
Among human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated disorders, celiac disease has an immunopathogenesis that is particularly well understood. The condition is characterized by hypersensitivity to cereal gluten proteins, and the disease lesion is localized in the gut. Still, the diagnosis can be made by detection of highly disease-specific autoantibodies to transglutaminase 2 in the blood. We now have mechanistic insights into how the disease-predisposing HLA-DQ molecules, via presentation of posttranslationally modified gluten peptides, are connected to the generation of these autoantibodies. This review presents our current understanding of the immunobiology of this common disorder that is positioned in the border zone between food hypersensitivity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Iversen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Risnes LF, Chlubnová M, Magistrelli E, Kemppainen E, Hervonen K, Mansikka E, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Dahal-Koirala S, Sollid LM. Phenotypic Analysis of Disease-Relevant T Cells in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:163-166.e2. [PMID: 35961617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Risnes
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Markéta Chlubnová
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elio Magistrelli
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esko Kemppainen
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kaisa Hervonen
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eriika Mansikka
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teea Salmi
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Christophersen A, Zühlke S, Lund EG, Snir O, Dahal‐Koirala S, Risnes LF, Jahnsen J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM. Pathogenic T Cells in Celiac Disease Change Phenotype on Gluten Challenge: Implications for T-Cell-Directed Therapies. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2205912. [PMID: 36482157 PMCID: PMC9731676 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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20
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Amundsen SF, Stamnaes J, du Pré MF, Sollid LM. Transglutaminase 2 affinity and enzyme-substrate intermediate stability as determining factors for T-cell responses to gluten peptides in celiac disease. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1474-1481. [PMID: 35715890 PMCID: PMC9545004 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune response of celiac disease (CeD) involves presentation of gluten peptides to CD4+ T cells by transglutaminase 2 (TG2) specific B cells. This B‐cell/T‐cell crosstalk is facilitated by involvement of TG2:gluten peptide complexes that act principally in the form of enzyme‐substrate intermediates. Here, we have addressed how gluten peptide affinity and complex stability in the presence of secondary substrates affect the uptake of TG2:gluten peptide complexes by TG2‐specific B cells and the activation of gluten‐specific T cells. We studied affinity of various gluten peptides for TG2 by biochemical assay, and monitored uptake of gluten peptides by TG2‐specific B cells by flow cytometry. Crosstalk between TG2‐specific B cells and gluten‐specific T cells was assayed with transfectants expressing antigen receptors derived from CeD patients. We found that gluten peptides with high TG2 affinity showed better uptake by TG2‐specific B cells. Uptake by B cells, and subsequent activation of T cells, was negatively affected by polyamines acting as secondary TG2 substrates. These results show that affinity between gluten peptide and TG2 governs the selection of T‐cell epitopes via enhanced uptake of TG2:gluten complexes by TG2‐specific B cells, and that exogenous polyamines can influence the CeD immune responses by disrupting TG2:gluten complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva F Amundsen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Fleur du Pré
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Li J, Zaslavsky M, Su Y, Guo J, Sikora MJ, van Unen V, Christophersen A, Chiou SH, Chen L, Li J, Ji X, Wilhelmy J, McSween AM, Palanski BA, Mallajosyula VVA, Bracey NA, Dhondalay GKR, Bhamidipati K, Pai J, Kipp LB, Dunn JE, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Satpathy AT, Robinson WH, Dekker CL, Steinmetz LM, Khosla C, Utz PJ, Sollid LM, Chien YH, Heath JR, Fernandez-Becker NQ, Nadeau KC, Saligrama N, Davis MM. KIR +CD8 + T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. Science 2022; 376:eabi9591. [PMID: 35258337 PMCID: PMC8995031 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi9591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we find that CD8+ T cells expressing inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are the human equivalent of Ly49+CD8+ regulatory T cells in mice and are increased in the blood and inflamed tissues of patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, these CD8+ T cells efficiently eliminated pathogenic gliadin-specific CD4+ T cells from the leukocytes of celiac disease patients in vitro. We also find elevated levels of KIR+CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ regulatory T cells, in COVID-19 patients, correlating with disease severity and vasculitis. Selective ablation of Ly49+CD8+ T cells in virus-infected mice led to autoimmunity after infection. Our results indicate that in both species, these regulatory CD8+ T cells act specifically to suppress pathogenic T cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maxim Zaslavsky
- Program in Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yapeng Su
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Sikora
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jiefu Li
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie Wilhelmy
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alana M. McSween
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan A. Bracey
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gopal Krishna R. Dhondalay
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kartik Bhamidipati
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joy Pai
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucas B. Kipp
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Dunn
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen L. Hauser
- Department of Neurology and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jorge R. Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ansuman T. Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William H. Robinson
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia L. Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Chien
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James R. Heath
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naresha Saligrama
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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22
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Lindstad CB, du Pré MF, Stamnaes J, Sollid LM. Injection of prototypic celiac anti-transglutaminase 2 antibodies in mice does not cause enteropathy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266543. [PMID: 35385534 PMCID: PMC8985999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy driven by dietary intake of gluten proteins. Typical histopathologic features are villous flattening, crypt hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. The disease is hallmarked by the gluten-dependent production of autoantibodies targeting the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2). While these antibodies are specific and sensitive diagnostic markers of the disease, a role in the development of the enteropathy has never been established. Methods We addressed this question by injecting murine antibodies harboring the variable domains of a prototypic celiac anti-TG2 immunoglobulin into TG2-sufficient and TG2-deficient mice evaluating for celiac enteropathy. Results We found no histopathologic abnormalities nor clinical signs of disease related to the injection of anti-TG2 IgG or IgA. Conclusions Our findings do not support a direct role for secreted anti-TG2 antibodies in the development of the celiac enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Lindstad
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Fleur du Pré
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as an etiological factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). If EBV is a "driver" that causes antiviral immunity with associated autoimmune components rather than a "trigger" that unleashes self-perpetuating autoimmunity, then elimination of EBV would be a rational therapy for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway and Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Christophersen A, Dahal‐Koirala S, Chlubnová M, Jahnsen J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM. Phenotype-Based Isolation of Antigen-Specific CD4 + T Cells in Autoimmunity: A Study of Celiac Disease. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2104766. [PMID: 35119226 PMCID: PMC8981484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic immune response in celiac disease (CeD) is orchestrated by phenotypically distinct CD4+ T cells that recognize gluten epitopes in the context of disease-associated HLA-DQ allotypes. Cells with the same distinct phenotype, but with elusive specificities, are increased across multiple autoimmune conditions. Here, whether sorting of T cells based on their distinct phenotype (Tphe cells) yields gluten-reactive cells in CeD is tested. The method's efficiency is benchmarked by parallel isolation of gluten-reactive T cells (Ttet cells), using HLA-DQ:gluten peptide tetramers. From gut biopsies of 12 untreated HLA-DQ2.5+ CeD patients, Ttet+ /Tphe+ , Ttet- /Tphe+ , and Ttet- /Tphe- cells are sorted for single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR)-sequencing (n = 8) and T-cell clone (TCC)-generation (n = 5). The generated TCCs are TCR sequenced and tested for their reactivity against deamidated gluten. Gluten-reactivity is observed in 91.2% of Ttet+ /Tphe+ TCCs, 65.3% of Ttet- /Tphe+ TCCs and 0% of Ttet- /Tphe- TCCs. TCR sequencing reveals clonal expansion and sequence sharing across patients, features reflecting antigen-driven responses. The feasibility to isolate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells by the sole use of phenotypic markers in CeD outlines a potential avenue for characterizing disease-driving CD4+ T cells in autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Christophersen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of RheumatologyDermatology and Infectious DiseasesOslo University HospitalOslo0372Norway
| | - Shiva Dahal‐Koirala
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
| | - Markéta Chlubnová
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of GastroenterologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskog1478Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University HospitalOslo0372Norway
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25
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Frick R, Høydahl LS, Hodnebrug I, Vik ES, Dalhus B, Sollid LM, Gray JJ, Sandlie I, Løset GÅ. Affinity maturation of TCR-like antibodies using phage display guided by structural modeling. Protein Eng Des Sel 2022; 35:6649134. [PMID: 35871543 PMCID: PMC9536190 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
TCR-like antibodies represent a unique type of engineered antibodies with specificity toward pHLA, a ligand normally restricted to the sensitive recognition by T cells. Here, we report a phage display-based sequential development path of such antibodies. The strategy goes from initial lead identification through in silico informed CDR engineering in combination with framework engineering for affinity and thermostability optimization, respectively. The strategy allowed the identification of HLA-DQ2.5 gluten peptide-specific TCR-like antibodies with low picomolar affinity. Our method outlines an efficient and general method for development of this promising class of antibodies, which should facilitate their utility including translation to human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Frick
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ina Hodnebrug
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik S Vik
- Nextera AS , Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Dalhus
- Department for Medical Biochemistry , Institute for Clinical Medicine, , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo , Institute for Clinical Medicine, , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department for Microbiology , Clinic for Laboratory Medicine, , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital , Clinic for Laboratory Medicine, , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo , Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Nextera AS , Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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26
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Lindeman I, Polak J, Qiao S, Holmøy T, Høglund RA, Vartdal F, Berg‐Hansen P, Sollid LM, Lossius A. Stereotyped B‐cell responses are linked to IgG constant region polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:550-565. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Department of Immunology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of Oslo Norway
| | - Justyna Polak
- Department of Immunology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of Oslo Norway
| | - Shuo‐Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Department of Immunology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of Oslo Norway
| | - Trygve Holmøy
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
- Department of Neurology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Norway
| | - Rune A. Høglund
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
- Department of Neurology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Norway
| | - Frode Vartdal
- Department of Immunology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of Oslo Norway
| | - Pål Berg‐Hansen
- Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Department of Immunology Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of Oslo Norway
| | - Andreas Lossius
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of Oslo Norway
- Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital Lørenskog Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Norway
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27
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Ciacchi L, Farenc C, Dahal-Koirala S, Petersen J, Sollid LM, Reid HH, Rossjohn J. Structural basis of T cell receptor specificity and cross-reactivity of two HLA-DQ2.5-restricted gluten epitopes in celiac disease. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101619. [PMID: 35065967 PMCID: PMC8857473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory condition often characterized by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2.5 molecules presenting gluten epitopes derived from wheat, barley, and rye. Although some T cells exhibit cross-reactivity toward distinct gluten epitopes, the structural basis underpinning such cross-reactivity is unclear. Here, we investigated the T-cell receptor specificity and cross-reactivity of two immunodominant wheat gluten epitopes, DQ2.5-glia-α1a (PFPQPELPY) and DQ2.5-glia-ω1 (PFPQPEQPF). We show by surface plasmon resonance that a T-cell receptor alpha variable (TRAV) 4+-T-cell receptor beta variable (TRBV) 29-1+ TCR bound to HLA-DQ2.5-glia-α1a and HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1 with similar affinity, whereas a TRAV4- (TRAV9-2+) TCR recognized HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1 only. We further determined the crystal structures of the TRAV4+-TRBV29-1+ TCR bound to HLA-DQ2.5-glia-α1a and HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1, as well as the structure of an epitope-specific TRAV9-2+-TRBV7-3+ TCR-HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1 complex. We found that position 7 (p7) of the DQ2.5-glia-α1a and DQ2.5-glia-ω1 epitopes made very limited contacts with the TRAV4+ TCR, thereby explaining the TCR cross-reactivity across these two epitopes. In contrast, within the TRAV9-2+ TCR-HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1 ternary complex, the p7-Gln was situated in an electrostatic pocket formed by the hypervariable CDR3β loop of the TCR and Arg70β from HLA-DQ2.5, a polar network which would not be supported by the p7-Leu residue of DQ2.5-glia-α1a. In conclusion, we provide additional insights into the molecular determinants of TCR specificity and cross-reactivity to two closely-related epitopes in celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ciacchi
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carine Farenc
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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28
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Lindeman I, Sollid LM. Single-cell approaches to dissect adaptive immune responses involved in autoimmunity: the case of celiac disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:51-63. [PMID: 34531547 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is a powerful technology that has found widespread use in recent years. For diseases with involvement of adaptive immunity, single-cell analysis of antigen-specific T cells and B cells is particularly informative. In autoimmune diseases, the adaptive immune system is obviously at play, yet the ability to identify the culprit T and B cells recognizing disease-relevant antigen can be difficult. Celiac disease, a widespread disorder with autoimmune components, is unique in that disease-relevant antigens for both T cells and B cells are well defined. Furthermore, the celiac disease gut lesion is readily accessible allowing for sampling of tissue-resident cells. Thus, disease-relevant T cells and B cells from the gut and blood can be studied at the level of single cells. Here we review single-cell studies providing information on such adaptive immune cells and outline some future perspectives in the area of single-cell analysis in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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29
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Li J, Zaslavsky M, Su Y, Sikora MJ, van Unen V, Christophersen A, Chiou SH, Chen L, Li J, Ji X, Wilhelmy J, McSween AM, Palanski BA, Aditya Mallajosyula VV, Dhondalay GKR, Bhamidipati K, Pai J, Kipp LB, Dunn JE, Hauser SL, Oksenberg JR, Satpathy AT, Robinson WH, Steinmetz LM, Khosla C, Utz PJ, Sollid LM, Heath JR, Fernandez-Becker NQ, Nadeau KC, Saligrama N, Davis MM. Human KIR + CD8 + T cells target pathogenic T cells in Celiac disease and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. bioRxiv 2021:2021.12.23.473930. [PMID: 34981055 PMCID: PMC8722592 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.23.473930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous reports show that Ly49 + CD8 + T cells can suppress autoimmunity in mouse models of autoimmune diseases. Here we find a markedly increased frequency of CD8 + T cells expressing inhibitory Killer cell Immunoglobulin like Receptors (KIR), the human equivalent of the Ly49 family, in the blood and inflamed tissues of various autoimmune diseases. Moreover, KIR + CD8 + T cells can efficiently eliminate pathogenic gliadin-specific CD4 + T cells from Celiac disease (CeD) patients' leukocytes in vitro . Furthermore, we observe elevated levels of KIR + CD8 + T cells, but not CD4 + regulatory T cells, in COVID-19 and influenza-infected patients, and this correlates with disease severity and vasculitis in COVID-19. Expanded KIR + CD8 + T cells from these different diseases display shared phenotypes and similar T cell receptor sequences. These results characterize a regulatory CD8 + T cell subset in humans, broadly active in both autoimmune and infectious diseases, which we hypothesize functions to control self-reactive or otherwise pathogenic T cells. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY Here we identified KIR + CD8 + T cells as a regulatory CD8 + T cell subset in humans that suppresses self-reactive or otherwise pathogenic CD4 + T cells.
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30
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Slabodkin A, Chernigovskaya M, Mikocziova I, Akbar R, Scheffer L, Pavlović M, Bashour H, Snapkov I, Mehta BB, Weber CR, Gutierrez-Marcos J, Sollid LM, Haff IH, Sandve GK, Robert PA, Greiff V. Individualized VDJ recombination predisposes the available Ig sequence space. Genome Res 2021; 31:2209-2224. [PMID: 34815307 PMCID: PMC8647828 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275373.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The process of recombination between variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) immunoglobulin (Ig) gene segments determines an individual's naive Ig repertoire and, consequently, (auto)antigen recognition. VDJ recombination follows probabilistic rules that can be modeled statistically. So far, it remains unknown whether VDJ recombination rules differ between individuals. If these rules differed, identical (auto)antigen-specific Ig sequences would be generated with individual-specific probabilities, signifying that the available Ig sequence space is individual specific. We devised a sensitivity-tested distance measure that enables inter-individual comparison of VDJ recombination models. We discovered, accounting for several sources of noise as well as allelic variation in Ig sequencing data, that not only unrelated individuals but also human monozygotic twins and even inbred mice possess statistically distinguishable immunoglobulin recombination models. This suggests that, in addition to genetic, there is also nongenetic modulation of VDJ recombination. We demonstrate that population-wide individualized VDJ recombination can result in orders of magnitude of difference in the probability to generate (auto)antigen-specific Ig sequences. Our findings have implications for immune receptor-based individualized medicine approaches relevant to vaccination, infection, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Slabodkin
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Chernigovskaya
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivana Mikocziova
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lonneke Scheffer
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Milena Pavlović
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Habib Bashour
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Snapkov
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cédric R Weber
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Philippe A Robert
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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31
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Abstract
This mini-review describes observations of the 1990ies with culturing of gluten-specific and astrovirus-specific CD4+ T cells from duodenal biopsies from subjects who presumably had a long time between the exposure to gluten or astrovirus antigens and the sampling of the biopsy. In these studies, it was also observed that antigen-specific CD4+ T cells migrated out of the gut biopsies during overnight culture. The findings are suggestive of memory T cells in tissue which are resident, but which also can be mobilised on antigen stimulation. Of note, these findings were made years before the term tissue-resident memory T cells was invoked. Since that time, many observations have accumulated on these gut T cells, particularly the gluten-specific T cells, and we have insight into the turnover of CD4+ T cells in the gut lamina propria. These data make it evident that human antigen-specific CD4+ T cells that can be cultured from gut biopsies indeed are bone fide tissue-resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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32
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Lindstad CB, Dewan AE, Stamnaes J, Sollid LM, du Pré MF. TG2-gluten complexes as antigens for gluten-specific and transglutaminase-2 specific B cells in celiac disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259082. [PMID: 34731200 PMCID: PMC8565743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of celiac disease is the gluten-dependent production of antibodies specific for deamidated gluten peptides (DGP) and the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Both types of antibodies are believed to result from B cells receiving help from gluten-specific CD4+ T cells and differentiating into antibody-producing plasma cells. We have here studied the collaboration between DGP- and TG2-specific B cells with gluten-specific CD4+ T cells using transgenic mice expressing celiac patient-derived T-cell and B-cell receptors, as well as between B-cell transfectants and patient-derived gluten-specific T-cell clones. We show that multivalent TG2-gluten complexes are efficient antigens for both TG2-specific and DGP-specific B cells and allow both types of B cells to receive help from gluten-specific T cells of many different specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. Lindstad
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alisa E. Dewan
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Fleur du Pré
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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33
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Sollid LM, Koning F. Lack of relationship of AT1001 to zonulin and prehaptoglobin-2: clinical implications. Gut 2021; 70:2211-2212. [PMID: 33443022 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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34
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Christophersen A, Zühlke S, Lund EG, Snir O, Dahal‐Koirala S, Risnes LF, Jahnsen J, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM. Pathogenic T Cells in Celiac Disease Change Phenotype on Gluten Challenge: Implications for T-Cell-Directed Therapies. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2102778. [PMID: 34495570 PMCID: PMC8564461 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gluten-specific CD4+ T cells being drivers of celiac disease (CeD) are obvious targets for immunotherapy. Little is known about how cell markers harnessed for T-cell-directed therapy can change with time and upon activation in CeD and other autoimmune conditions. In-depth characterization of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells and CeD-associated (CD38+ and CD103+ ) CD8+ and γδ+ T cells in blood of treated CeD patients undergoing a 3 day gluten challenge is reported. The phenotypic profile of gluten-specific cells changes profoundly with gluten exposure and the cells adopt the profile of gluten-specific cells in untreated disease (CD147+ , CD70+ , programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)+ , inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS)+ , CD28+ , CD95+ , CD38+ , and CD161+ ), yet with some markers being unique for day 6 cells (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CXCR6), CD132, and CD147) and with integrin α4β7, C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), and CXCR3 being expressed stably at baseline and day 6. Among gluten-specific CD4+ T cells, 52% are CXCR5+ at baseline, perhaps indicative of germinal-center reactions, while on day 6 all are CXCR5- . Strikingly, the phenotypic profile of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells on day 6 largely overlaps with that of CeD-associated (CD38+ and CD103+ ) CD8+ and γδ+ T cells. The antigen-induced shift in phenotype of CD4+ T cells being shared with other disease-associated T cells is relevant for development of T-cell-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Christophersen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of RheumatologyDermatology and Infectious DiseasesOslo University HospitalOslo0372Norway
| | - Stephanie Zühlke
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
| | - Eivind G. Lund
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
| | - Omri Snir
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
| | - Shiva Dahal‐Koirala
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
| | - Louise Fremgaard Risnes
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University HospitalOslo0372Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of GastroenterologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskog1478Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0450Norway
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University HospitalOslo0372Norway
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35
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Mikocziova I, Peres A, Gidoni M, Greiff V, Yaari G, Sollid LM. Germline polymorphisms and alternative splicing of human immunoglobulin light chain genes. iScience 2021; 24:103192. [PMID: 34693229 PMCID: PMC8517844 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inference of germline polymorphisms in immunoglobulin genes from B cell receptor repertoires is complicated by somatic hypermutations, sequencing/PCR errors, and by varying length of reference alleles. The light chain inference is particularly challenging owing to large gene duplications and absence of D genes. We analyzed the light chain cDNA sequences from naïve B cell receptor repertoires from 100 individuals. We optimized light chain allele inference by tweaking parameters of the TIgGER functions, extending the germline reference sequences, and establishing mismatch frequency patterns at polymorphic positions to filter out false-positive candidates. We identified 48 previously unreported variants of light chain variable genes. We selected 14 variants for validation and successfully validated 11 by Sanger sequencing. Clustering of light chain 5'UTR, L-PART1, and L-PART2 revealed partial intron retention in 11 kappa and 9 lambda V alleles. Our results provide insight into germline variation in human light chain immunoglobulin loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mikocziova
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ayelet Peres
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Moriah Gidoni
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gur Yaari
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
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36
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Frick R, Høydahl LS, Petersen J, du Pré MF, Kumari S, Berntsen G, Dewan AE, Jeliazkov JR, Gunnarsen KS, Frigstad T, Vik ES, Llerena C, Lundin KEA, Yaqub S, Jahnsen J, Gray JJ, Rossjohn J, Sollid LM, Sandlie I, Løset GÅ. A high-affinity human TCR-like antibody detects celiac disease gluten peptide-MHC complexes and inhibits T cell activation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/62/eabg4925. [PMID: 34417258 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies specific for peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are valuable tools for studies of antigen presentation and may have therapeutic potential. Here, we generated human T cell receptor (TCR)-like antibodies toward the immunodominant signature gluten epitope DQ2.5-glia-α2 in celiac disease (CeD). Phage display selection combined with secondary targeted engineering was used to obtain highly specific antibodies with picomolar affinity. The crystal structure of a Fab fragment of the lead antibody 3.C11 in complex with HLA-DQ2.5:DQ2.5-glia-α2 revealed a binding geometry and interaction mode highly similar to prototypic TCRs specific for the same complex. Assessment of CeD biopsy material confirmed disease specificity and reinforced the notion that abundant plasma cells present antigen in the inflamed CeD gut. Furthermore, 3.C11 specifically inhibited activation and proliferation of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro and in HLA-DQ2.5 humanized mice, suggesting a potential for targeted intervention without compromising systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Frick
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene S Høydahl
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Fleur du Pré
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Alisa E Dewan
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kristin S Gunnarsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Carmen Llerena
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sandlie
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Åge Løset
- Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. .,Centre for Immune Regulation and Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Nextera AS, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Sollid LM, Lundin KEA, Leivestad T, Spurkland A, Vartdal F. In memoriam: Erik Thorsby (1938‐2021). Scand J Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M. Sollid
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Torbjørn Leivestad
- Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet Oslo Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Frode Vartdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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38
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Sollid LM, Lundin KEA, Leivestad T, Spurkland A, Vartdal F. Erik Thorsby (1938-2021). Immunogenetics 2021; 73:203-205. [PMID: 33956175 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig M Sollid
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Leivestad
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Spurkland
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Vartdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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39
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Bakker OB, Ramírez-Sánchez AD, Borek ZA, de Klein N, Li Y, Modderman R, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Johannesen MK, Matarese F, Martens JHA, Kumar V, van Bergen J, Qiao SW, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Koning F, Wijmenga C, Withoff S, Jonkers IH. Potential impact of celiac disease genetic risk factors on T cell receptor signaling in gluten-specific CD4+ T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9252. [PMID: 33927210 PMCID: PMC8085175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an auto-immune disease in which an immune response to dietary gluten leads to inflammation and subsequent atrophy of small intestinal villi, causing severe bowel discomfort and malabsorption of nutrients. The major instigating factor for the immune response in celiac disease is the activation of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells expressing T cell receptors that recognize gluten peptides presented in the context of HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. Here we provide an in-depth characterization of 28 gluten-specific T cell clones. We assess their transcriptional and epigenetic response to T cell receptor stimulation and link this to genetic factors associated with celiac disease. Gluten-specific T cells have a distinct transcriptional profile that mostly resembles that of Th1 cells but also express cytokines characteristic of other types of T-helper cells. This transcriptional response appears not to be regulated by changes in chromatin state, but rather by early upregulation of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs that likely orchestrate the subsequent activation of genes that play a role in immune pathways. Finally, integration of chromatin and transcription factor binding profiles suggest that genes activated by T cell receptor stimulation of gluten‑specific T cells may be impacted by genetic variation at several genetic loci associated with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aarón D Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna A Borek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek de Klein
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Modderman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie K Johannesen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filomena Matarese
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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40
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Dahal-Koirala S, Risnes LF, Neumann RS, Christophersen A, Lundin KEA, Sandve GK, Qiao SW, Sollid LM. Comprehensive Analysis of CDR3 Sequences in Gluten-Specific T-Cell Receptors Reveals a Dominant R-Motif and Several New Minor Motifs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639672. [PMID: 33927715 PMCID: PMC8076556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluten-specific CD4+ T cells are drivers of celiac disease (CeD). Previous studies of gluten-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires have found public TCRs shared across multiple individuals, biased usage of particular V-genes and conserved CDR3 motifs. The CDR3 motifs within the gluten-specific TCR repertoire, however, have not been systematically investigated. In the current study, we analyzed the largest TCR database of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells studied so far consisting of TCRs of 3122 clonotypes from 63 CeD patients. We established a TCR database from CD4+ T cells isolated with a mix of HLA-DQ2.5:gluten tetramers representing four immunodominant gluten epitopes. In an unbiased fashion we searched by hierarchical clustering for common CDR3 motifs among 2764 clonotypes. We identified multiple CDR3α, CDR3β, and paired CDR3α:CDR3β motif candidates. Among these, a previously known conserved CDR3β R-motif used by TRAV26-1/TRBV7-2 TCRs specific for the DQ2.5-glia-α2 epitope was the most prominent motif. Furthermore, we identified the epitope specificity of altogether 16 new CDR3α:CDR3β motifs by comparing with TCR sequences of 231 T-cell clones with known specificity and TCR sequences of cells sorted with single HLA-DQ2.5:gluten tetramers. We identified 325 public TCRα and TCRβ sequences of which 145, 102 and 78 belonged to TCRα, TCRβ and paired TCRαβ sequences, respectively. While the number of public sequences was depended on the number of clonotypes in each patient, we found that the proportion of public clonotypes from the gluten-specific TCR repertoire of given CeD patients appeared to be stable (median 37%). Taken together, we here demonstrate that the TCR repertoire of CD4+ T cells specific to immunodominant gluten epitopes in CeD is diverse, yet there is clearly biased V-gene usage, presence of public TCRs and existence of conserved motifs of which R-motif is the most prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise Fremgaard Risnes
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ralf Stefan Neumann
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Christophersen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kjetil Sandve
- Biomedical Informatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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41
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Qiao SW, Dahal-Koirala S, Eggesbø LM, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM. Frequency of Gluten-Reactive T Cells in Active Celiac Lesions Estimated by Direct Cell Cloning. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646163. [PMID: 33796112 PMCID: PMC8007869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the small intestine in celiac disease is driven by activation of CD4+ T cells that recognize gluten peptides presented by disease-associated HLA-DQ molecules. We have performed direct cell cloning of duodenal biopsies from five untreated and one refractory celiac disease patients, and three non-celiac disease control subjects in order to assess, in an unbiased fashion, the frequency of gluten-reactive T cells in the disease-affected tissue as well as the antigen fine specificity of the responding T cells. From the biopsies of active disease lesions of five patients, 19 T-cell clones were found to be gluten-reactive out of total 1,379 clones tested. This gave an average of 1.4% (range 0.7% - 1.9%) of gluten-reactive T cells in lamina propria of active celiac lesions. Interestingly, also the patient with refractory celiac disease had gluten-reactive T cell clones in the lamina propria (5/273; 1.8%). In comparison, we found no gluten-reactive T cells in any of the total 984 T-cell clones screened from biopsies from three disease control donors. Around two thirds of the gluten-reactive clones were reactive to a panel of peptides representing known gluten T-cell epitopes, of which two thirds were reactive to the immunodominant DQ2.5-glia-α1/DQ2.5-glia-α2 and DQ2.5-glia-ω1/DQ2.5-glia-ω2 epitopes. This study shows that gluten-reactive T cells in the inflamed duodenal tissue are prevalent in the active disease lesion, and that many of these T cells are reactive to T-cell epitopes that are not yet characterized. Knowledge of the prevalence and epitope specificity of gluten-specific T cells is a prerequisite for therapeutic efforts that target disease-specific T cells in celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn M. Eggesbø
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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42
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Shemesh O, Polak P, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Yaari G. Machine Learning Analysis of Naïve B-Cell Receptor Repertoires Stratifies Celiac Disease Patients and Controls. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627813. [PMID: 33790900 PMCID: PMC8006302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a common autoimmune disorder caused by an abnormal immune response to dietary gluten proteins. The disease has high heritability. HLA is the major susceptibility factor, and the HLA effect is mediated via presentation of deamidated gluten peptides by disease-associated HLA-DQ variants to CD4+ T cells. In addition to gluten-specific CD4+ T cells the patients have antibodies to transglutaminase 2 (autoantigen) and deamidated gluten peptides. These disease-specific antibodies recognize defined epitopes and they display common usage of specific heavy and light chains across patients. Interactions between T cells and B cells are likely central in the pathogenesis, but how the repertoires of naïve T and B cells relate to the pathogenic effector cells is unexplored. To this end, we applied machine learning classification models to naïve B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires from CeD patients and healthy controls. Strikingly, we obtained a promising classification performance with an F1 score of 85%. Clusters of heavy and light chain sequences were inferred and used as features for the model, and signatures associated with the disease were then characterized. These signatures included amino acid (AA) 3-mers with distinct bio-physiochemical characteristics and enriched V and J genes. We found that CeD-associated clusters can be identified and that common motifs can be characterized from naïve BCR repertoires. The results may indicate a genetic influence by BCR encoding genes in CeD. Analysis of naïve BCRs as presented here may become an important part of assessing the risk of individuals to develop CeD. Our model demonstrates the potential of using BCR repertoires and in particular, naïve BCR repertoires, as disease susceptibility markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Shemesh
- Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Pazit Polak
- Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshopsitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gur Yaari
- Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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43
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Eggesbø LM, Risnes LF, Neumann RS, Lundin KEA, Christophersen A, Sollid LM. Single-cell TCR repertoire analysis reveals highly polyclonal composition of human intraepithelial CD8 + αβ T lymphocytes in untreated celiac disease. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1542-1545. [PMID: 33559929 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We compared the αβ T-cell receptor repertoires of CD8+ αβ intraepithelial lymphocytes from celiac disease patients and healthy subjects by single-cell sequencing. We demonstrate that the repertoires of untreated celiac disease patients were more polyclonal and more diverse than what was observed in both treated patients and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn M Eggesbø
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise F Risnes
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital- Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ralf S Neumann
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital- Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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44
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Stamnaes J, Stray D, Stensland M, Sarna VK, Nyman TA, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM. In Well-Treated Celiac Patients Low-Level Mucosal Inflammation Predicts Response to 14-day Gluten Challenge. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2003526. [PMID: 33643806 PMCID: PMC7887593 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In celiac disease (CeD), gluten activates adaptive immune cells that cause damage to the small intestinal mucosa. Histological evaluation of intestinal biopsies allows for grading of disease severity. CeD can effectively be treated with a life-long gluten-free diet. Gluten challenge of treated CeD patients is used to confirm diagnosis and to test drug efficacy in clinical trials, but patients respond with different magnitudes to the same gluten challenge. In this study of 19 well-treated CeD patients, proteome analysis of total tissue or isolated epithelial cell compartment from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded biopsies collected before and after 14-day gluten challenge demonstrates that patients with strong mucosal response to challenge have signs of ongoing tissue inflammation already before challenge. This low-level tissue inflammation at baseline is paralleled by increased gluten specific CD4+ T-cell frequencies in the gut and presence of a low-level blood inflammatory profile. Thus, apparently well-treated CeD is frequently not entirely quiescent, with presence of low-grade inflammation and antigluten immunity in the gut mucosa. Histology assessment alone appears insufficient to judge full recovery and gut mucosal healing of CeD patients. The findings raise a concern whether a seemingly proper gluten-free diet is able to curb gut inflammation in all CeD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Stamnaes
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Daniel Stray
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Maria Stensland
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Vikas K. Sarna
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital‐UllevålOslo0450Norway
| | - Tuula A. Nyman
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
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45
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Lindeman I, Zhou C, Eggesbø LM, Miao Z, Polak J, Lundin KE, Jahnsen J, Qiao SW, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Longevity, clonal relationship, and transcriptional program of celiac disease-specific plasma cells. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200852. [PMID: 33095260 PMCID: PMC7590513 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease-specific plasma cells (PCs) reactive with transglutaminase 2 (TG2) or deamidated gluten peptides (DGPs) are abundant in celiac disease (CeD) gut lesions. Their contribution toward CeD pathogenesis is unclear. We assessed expression of markers associated with PC longevity in 15 untreated and 26 treated CeD patients in addition to 13 non-CeD controls and performed RNA sequencing with clonal inference and transcriptomic analysis of 3,251 single PCs. We observed antigen-dependent V-gene selection and stereotypic antibodies. Generation of recombinant DGP-specific antibodies revealed a key role of a heavy chain residue that displays polymorphism, suggesting that immunoglobulin gene polymorphisms may influence CeD-specific antibody responses. We identified transcriptional differences between CeD-specific and non-disease-specific PCs and between short-lived and long-lived PCs. The short-lived CD19+CD45+ phenotype dominated in untreated and short-term-treated CeD, in particular among disease-specific PCs but also in the general PC population. Thus, the disease lesion of untreated CeD is characterized by massive accumulation of short-lived PCs that are not only directed against disease-specific antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Lindeman
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linn M. Eggesbø
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zhichao Miao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence and Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital (affiliated with Tongji University School of Medicine), Shanghai, China
| | - Justyna Polak
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E.A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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46
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van der Graaf A, Zorro MM, Claringbould A, Võsa U, Aguirre-Gamboa R, Li C, Mooiweer J, Ricaño-Ponce I, Borek Z, Koning F, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Sollid LM, Qiao SW, Kumar V, Li Y, Franke L, Withoff S, Wijmenga C, Sanna S, Jonkers I. Systematic Prioritization of Candidate Genes in Disease Loci Identifies TRAFD1 as a Master Regulator of IFNγ Signaling in Celiac Disease. Front Genet 2021; 11:562434. [PMID: 33569077 PMCID: PMC7868554 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a complex T cell-mediated enteropathy induced by gluten. Although genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genomic regions associated with CeD, it is difficult to accurately pinpoint which genes in these loci are most likely to cause CeD. We used four different in silico approaches-Mendelian randomization inverse variance weighting, COLOC, LD overlap, and DEPICT-to integrate information gathered from a large transcriptomics dataset. This identified 118 prioritized genes across 50 CeD-associated regions. Co-expression and pathway analysis of these genes indicated an association with adaptive and innate cytokine signaling and T cell activation pathways. Fifty-one of these genes are targets of known drug compounds or likely druggable genes, suggesting that our methods can be used to pinpoint potential therapeutic targets. In addition, we detected 172 gene combinations that were affected by our CeD-prioritized genes in trans. Notably, 41 of these trans-mediated genes appear to be under control of one master regulator, TRAF-type zinc finger domain containing 1 (TRAFD1), and were found to be involved in interferon (IFN)γ signaling and MHC I antigen processing/presentation. Finally, we performed in vitro experiments in a human monocytic cell line that validated the role of TRAFD1 as an immune regulator acting in trans. Our strategy confirmed the role of adaptive immunity in CeD and revealed a genetic link between CeD and IFNγ signaling as well as with MHC I antigen processing, both major players of immune activation and CeD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan van der Graaf
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria M. Zorro
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annique Claringbould
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raúl Aguirre-Gamboa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joram Mooiweer
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Isis Ricaño-Ponce
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna Borek
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Serena Sanna
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Iris Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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47
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Dewan AE, Koentgen F, Johannesen MK, du Pre MF, Sollid LM. Generation of an HLA-DQ2.5 Knock-In Mouse. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:25-32. [PMID: 33461981 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human MHC class II molecule HLA-DQ2.5 is implicated in multiple autoimmune disorders, including celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The pathogenic contribution of HLA-DQ2.5 in many of these disorders is not fully understood. There is thus a need for an HLA-DQ2.5 humanized mouse model with physiological expression of this MHC molecule that can be integrated into disease models. In this article, we report the generation of an HLA-DQ2.5 knock-in mouse strain on a C57BL/6 background in which sequences encoding the extracellular moieties of mouse MHC class II H2-IAa and H2-IAb1 have been replaced with those of HLA-DQA1*05:01 and HLA-DQB1*02:01 In heterozygous knock-in mice, the expression of HLA-DQ2.5 is superimposable with the expression of H2-IA. This was not the case in a regular untargeted HLA-DQ2.5 transgenic mouse. HLA-DQ2.5 in the knock-in animals is functional for T cell development and for Ag presentation to HLA-DQ2.5-restricted and gluten-specific T cells. Because C57BL/6 mice do not express H2-IEa, the only functional MHC class II molecule in homozygous HLA-DQ2.5 knock-in mice is the knock-in gene product. This alleviates the need for crossing with MHC class II knockout mice to study the isolated function of the MHC transgene. Our novel mouse strain provides an important tool to study the involvement of HLA-DQ2.5 in models of diseases with association to this HLA allotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa E Dewan
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Frank Koentgen
- Ozgene Pty. Ltd., Bentley, Western Australia 6983, Australia
| | - Marie K Johannesen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - M Fleur du Pre
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; and
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; and
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48
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Wyrożemski Ł, Sollid LM, Qiao SW. C-type lectin-like CD161 is not a co-signalling receptor in gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13016. [PMID: 33368526 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like CD161, a class II transmembrane protein, is a surface receptor expressed by NK cells and T cells. In coeliac disease, CD161 was expressed more frequently on gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells compared to other memory CD4 + T cells isolated from the same tissue compartment. CD161 is a putative co-signalling molecule that was proposed to act as co-stimulatory receptor in the context of signalling through TCR, but contradicting results were published. In order to understand the role of CD161 in gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells, we combined T cell stimulation assays or T cell proliferation assays with ligation of CD161 and intracellular cytokine staining. We found that CD161 ligation provided neither co-stimulatory nor co-inhibitory signals to modulate proliferation and IFN-γ or IL-21 production by gluten-reactive CD4 + T cell clones. Thus, we suggest that CD161 does not function as a co-signalling receptor in the context of gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wyrożemski
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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49
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Lindstad CB, Qiao SW, Johannesen MK, Fugger L, Sollid LM, du Pré MF. Characterization of T-cell receptor transgenic mice recognizing immunodominant HLA-DQ2.5-restricted gluten epitopes. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:1002-1005. [PMID: 33368209 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We created a TCR transgenic mouse with CD4+ T cells recognizing the immunodominant DQ2.5-glia-ω2 gluten epitope. We show that these cells respond to deamidated gluten feed in vivo and compare them to previously published α2- and γ1-specific mice. These mice may help enlighten key aspects of celiac disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Lindstad
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie K Johannesen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology and Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Fleur du Pré
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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50
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du Pré MF, Blazevski J, Dewan AE, Stamnaes J, Kanduri C, Sandve GK, Johannesen MK, Lindstad CB, Hnida K, Fugger L, Melino G, Qiao SW, Sollid LM. B cell tolerance and antibody production to the celiac disease autoantigen transglutaminase 2. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190860. [PMID: 31727780 PMCID: PMC7041703 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies to transglutaminase 2 (TG2) are hallmarks of celiac disease. To address B cell tolerance and autoantibody formation to TG2, we generated immunoglobulin knock-in (Ig KI) mice that express a prototypical celiac patient-derived anti-TG2 B cell receptor equally reactive to human and mouse TG2. We studied B cell development in the presence/absence of autoantigen by crossing the Ig KI mice to Tgm2-/- mice. Autoreactive B cells in Tgm2+/+ mice were indistinguishable from their naive counterparts in Tgm2-/- mice with no signs of clonal deletion, receptor editing, or B cell anergy. The autoreactive B cells appeared ignorant to their antigen, and they produced autoantibodies when provided T cell help. The findings lend credence to a model of celiac disease where gluten-reactive T cells provide help to autoreactive TG2-specific B cells by involvement of gluten-TG2 complexes, and they outline a general mechanism of autoimmunity with autoantibodies being produced by ignorant B cells on provision of T cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fleur du Pré
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jana Blazevski
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alisa E Dewan
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chakravarthi Kanduri
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kjetil Sandve
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie K Johannesen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian B Lindstad
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrin Hnida
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology and Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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