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Pool ES, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, van Unen V, Falkenburg JF, Koning F, Heemskerk MHM, Tjon JML. Mass cytometric analysis unveils a disease-specific immune cell network in the bone marrow in acquired aplastic anemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274116. [PMID: 38094307 PMCID: PMC10716190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is considered an immune-mediated syndrome of bone marrow failure since approximately 70% of patients respond to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) consisting of a course of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) followed by long-term use of ciclosporin. However, the immune response that underlies the pathogenesis of AA remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied high-dimensional mass cytometry on bone marrow aspirates of AA patients pre-ATG, AA patients post-ATG and healthy donors to decipher which immune cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of AA. We show that the bone marrow of AA patients features an immune cell composition distinct from healthy donors, with significant differences in the myeloid, B-cell, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells lineages. Specifically, we discovered that AA pre-ATG is characterized by a disease-specific immune cell network with high frequencies of CD16+ myeloid cells, CCR6++ B-cells, Th17-like CCR6+ memory CD4+ T-cells, CD45RA+CCR7+CD38+ CD8+ T-cells and KLRG1+ terminally differentiated effector memory (EMRA) CD8+ T-cells, compatible with a state of chronic inflammation. Successful treatment with IST strongly reduced the levels of CD16+ myeloid cells and showed a trend toward normalization of the frequencies of CCR6++ B-cells, CCR6+ memory CD4+ T-cells and KLRG1+EMRA CD8+ T-cells. Altogether, our study provides a unique overview of the immune landscape in bone marrow in AA at a single-cell level and proposes CCR6 as a potential new therapeutic target in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. Pool
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer M-L. Tjon
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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van Unen V, Ouboter LF, Li N, Schreurs M, Abdelaal T, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Beyrend G, Höllt T, Maljaars PWJ, Mearin ML, Mahfouz A, Witte AMC, Clemens CHM, Abraham S, Escher JC, Lelieveldt BPF, Pascutti MF, van der Meulen – de Jong AE, Koning F. Identification of a Disease-Associated Network of Intestinal Immune Cells in Treatment-Naive Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893803. [PMID: 35812429 PMCID: PMC9260579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation underlies inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous studies indicated alterations in the cellular immune system; however, it has been challenging to interrogate the role of all immune cell subsets simultaneously. Therefore, we aimed to identify immune cell types associated with inflammation in IBD using high-dimensional mass cytometry. We analyzed 188 intestinal biopsies and paired blood samples of newly-diagnosed, treatment-naive patients (n=42) and controls (n=26) in two independent cohorts. We applied mass cytometry (36-antibody panel) to resolve single cells and analyzed the data with unbiased Hierarchical-SNE. In addition, imaging-mass cytometry (IMC) was performed to reveal the spatial distribution of the immune subsets in the tissue. We identified 44 distinct immune subsets. Correlation network analysis identified a network of inflammation-associated subsets, including HLA-DR+CD38+ EM CD4+ T cells, T regulatory-like cells, PD1+ EM CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, CD27+ TCRγδ cells and NK cells. All disease-associated subsets were validated in a second cohort. This network was abundant in a subset of patients, independent of IBD subtype, severity or intestinal location. Putative disease-associated CD4+ T cells were detectable in blood. Finally, imaging-mass cytometry revealed the spatial colocalization of neutrophils, memory CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells in the inflamed intestine. Our study indicates that a cellular network of both innate and adaptive immune cells colocalizes in inflamed biopsies from a subset of patients. These results contribute to dissecting disease heterogeneity and may guide the development of targeted therapeutics in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura F. Ouboter
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Na Li
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mette Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tamim Abdelaal
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Computer Graphics and Visualization, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Guillaume Beyrend
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Höllt
- Computer Graphics and Visualization, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P. W. Jeroen Maljaars
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M. Luisa Mearin
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Computer Graphics and Visualization, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne M. C. Witte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Sunje Abraham
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt
- Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of The Division of Imaging Processing (LKEB) Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Frits Koning,
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3
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Ramírez-Sánchez AD, Chu X, Modderman R, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szabó IR, Troncone R, Wijmenga C, Mearin L, Withoff S, Jonkers IH, Li Y. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Pediatric Coeliac Disease Patients Suggests Potential Pre-Seroconversion Markers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843086. [PMID: 35371081 PMCID: PMC8964997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CeD) is a complex immune disorder involving villous atrophy in the small intestine that is triggered by gluten intake. Current CeD diagnosis is based on late-stage pathophysiological parameters such as detection of specific antibodies in blood and histochemical detection of villus atrophy and lymphocyte infiltration in intestinal biopsies. To date, no early onset biomarkers are available that would help prevent widespread villous atrophy and severe symptoms and co-morbidities. To search for novel CeD biomarkers, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to investigate PBMC samples from 11 children before and after seroconversion for CeD and 10 control individuals matched for age, sex and HLA-genotype. We generated scRNAseq profiles of 9559 cells and identified the expected major cellular lineages. Cell proportions remained stable across the different timepoints and health conditions, but we observed differences in gene expression profiles in specific cell types when comparing patient samples before and after disease development and comparing patients with controls. Based on the time when transcripts were differentially expressed, we could classify the deregulated genes as biomarkers for active CeD or as potential pre-diagnostic markers. Pathway analysis showed that active CeD biomarkers display a transcriptional profile associated with antigen activation in CD4+ T cells, whereas NK cells express a subset of biomarker genes even before CeD diagnosis. Intersection of biomarker genes with CeD-associated genetic risk loci pinpointed genetic factors that might play a role in CeD onset. Investigation of potential cellular interaction pathways of PBMC cell subpopulations highlighted the importance of TNF pathways in CeD. Altogether, our results pinpoint genes and pathways that are altered prior to and during CeD onset, thereby identifying novel potential biomarkers for CeD diagnosis in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón D Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Rutger Modderman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) Klinikum Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ilma R Korponay-Szabó
- Coeliac Disease Center, Heim Pál National Paediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luisa Mearin
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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4
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Bakker OB, Ramírez-Sánchez AD, Borek ZA, de Klein N, Li Y, Modderman R, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Johannesen MK, Matarese F, Martens JHA, Kumar V, van Bergen J, Qiao SW, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM, Koning F, Wijmenga C, Withoff S, Jonkers IH. Potential impact of celiac disease genetic risk factors on T cell receptor signaling in gluten-specific CD4+ T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9252. [PMID: 33927210 PMCID: PMC8085175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an auto-immune disease in which an immune response to dietary gluten leads to inflammation and subsequent atrophy of small intestinal villi, causing severe bowel discomfort and malabsorption of nutrients. The major instigating factor for the immune response in celiac disease is the activation of gluten-specific CD4+ T cells expressing T cell receptors that recognize gluten peptides presented in the context of HLA-DQ2 and DQ8. Here we provide an in-depth characterization of 28 gluten-specific T cell clones. We assess their transcriptional and epigenetic response to T cell receptor stimulation and link this to genetic factors associated with celiac disease. Gluten-specific T cells have a distinct transcriptional profile that mostly resembles that of Th1 cells but also express cytokines characteristic of other types of T-helper cells. This transcriptional response appears not to be regulated by changes in chromatin state, but rather by early upregulation of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs that likely orchestrate the subsequent activation of genes that play a role in immune pathways. Finally, integration of chromatin and transcription factor binding profiles suggest that genes activated by T cell receptor stimulation of gluten‑specific T cells may be impacted by genetic variation at several genetic loci associated with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier B Bakker
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aarón D Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna A Borek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek de Klein
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Modderman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie K Johannesen
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Filomena Matarese
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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5
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van der Graaf A, Zorro MM, Claringbould A, Võsa U, Aguirre-Gamboa R, Li C, Mooiweer J, Ricaño-Ponce I, Borek Z, Koning F, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Sollid LM, Qiao SW, Kumar V, Li Y, Franke L, Withoff S, Wijmenga C, Sanna S, Jonkers I. Systematic Prioritization of Candidate Genes in Disease Loci Identifies TRAFD1 as a Master Regulator of IFNγ Signaling in Celiac Disease. Front Genet 2021; 11:562434. [PMID: 33569077 PMCID: PMC7868554 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.562434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a complex T cell-mediated enteropathy induced by gluten. Although genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genomic regions associated with CeD, it is difficult to accurately pinpoint which genes in these loci are most likely to cause CeD. We used four different in silico approaches-Mendelian randomization inverse variance weighting, COLOC, LD overlap, and DEPICT-to integrate information gathered from a large transcriptomics dataset. This identified 118 prioritized genes across 50 CeD-associated regions. Co-expression and pathway analysis of these genes indicated an association with adaptive and innate cytokine signaling and T cell activation pathways. Fifty-one of these genes are targets of known drug compounds or likely druggable genes, suggesting that our methods can be used to pinpoint potential therapeutic targets. In addition, we detected 172 gene combinations that were affected by our CeD-prioritized genes in trans. Notably, 41 of these trans-mediated genes appear to be under control of one master regulator, TRAF-type zinc finger domain containing 1 (TRAFD1), and were found to be involved in interferon (IFN)γ signaling and MHC I antigen processing/presentation. Finally, we performed in vitro experiments in a human monocytic cell line that validated the role of TRAFD1 as an immune regulator acting in trans. Our strategy confirmed the role of adaptive immunity in CeD and revealed a genetic link between CeD and IFNγ signaling as well as with MHC I antigen processing, both major players of immune activation and CeD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan van der Graaf
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria M. Zorro
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annique Claringbould
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raúl Aguirre-Gamboa
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Chan Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joram Mooiweer
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Isis Ricaño-Ponce
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna Borek
- Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Serena Sanna
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Iris Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Petersen J, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Loh KL, Tran M, van Bergen J, Koning F, Rossjohn J, Reid HH. Diverse T Cell Receptor Gene Usage in HLA-DQ8-Associated Celiac Disease Converges into a Consensus Binding Solution. Structure 2016; 24:1643-1657. [PMID: 27568928 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In HLA-DQ8-associated celiac disease, TRAV26-2+-TRBV9+ and TRAV8-3+-TRBV6+ T cells recognize the immunodominant DQ8-glia-α1 epitope, whereupon a non-germline-encoded arginine residue played a key role in binding HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. Whether distinct T cell receptor (TCR) recognition modes exist for gliadin epitopes remains unclear. TCR repertoire analysis revealed populations of HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 and HLA-DQ8.5-glia-γ1 restricted TRAV20+-TRBV9+ T cells that did not possess a non-germline-encoded arginine residue. The crystal structures of a TRAV20+-TRBV9+ TCR-HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 complex and two TRAV20+-TRBV9+ TCR-HLA-DQ8.5-glia-γ1 complexes were determined. This revealed that the differential specificity toward DQ8-glia-α1 and DQ8.5-glia-γ1 was governed by CDR3β-loop-mediated interactions. Surprisingly, a germline-encoded arginine residue within the CDR1α loop of the TRAV20+ TCR substituted for the role of the non-germline-encoded arginine in the TRAV26-2+-TRBV9+ and TRAV8-3+-TRBV6+ TCRs. Thus, in celiac disease, the responding TCR repertoire is driven by a common mechanism that selects for structural elements within the TCR that have convergent binding solutions in HLA-DQ8-gliadin recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Khai Lee Loh
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mai Tran
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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7
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Schmitz F, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Wiekmeijer AS, Brugman MH, Mearin ML, Mulder C, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Mummery CL, Staal FJ, van Bergen J, Koning F. The composition and differentiation potential of the duodenal intraepithelial innate lymphocyte compartment is altered in coeliac disease. Gut 2016; 65:1269-78. [PMID: 25966995 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coeliac disease (CD), a gluten-induced enteropathy, alters the composition and function of duodenal intraepithelial T cells. The intestine also harbours four types of CD3-negative intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) with largely unknown function: CD56(-)CD127(-), CD56(-)CD127(+), CD56(+)CD127(-) and CD56(+)CD127(+). Here we aimed to gain insight into the potential function of these innate IELs in health and disease. DESIGN We determined the phenotypes, relative abundance and differentiation potential of these innate IEL subsets in duodenal biopsies from controls and patients with CD or patients with refractory CD type II (RCDII). RESULTS Hierarchical clustering analysis of the expression of 15 natural killer and T cell surface markers showed that innate IELs differed markedly from innate peripheral blood lymphocytes and divided innate IEL subsets into two main branches: a CD127(-) branch expressing high levels of interleukin (IL) 2/15Rβ but no IL-21R, and a CD127(+) branch with the opposite phenotype. While CD was characterised by the contraction of all four innate IEL subsets, a selective expansion of CD56(-)CD127(-) and CD56(-)CD127(+) innate IEL was detected in RCDII. In vitro, in the presence of IL-15, CD56(-)CD127(-) IEL from controls and patients with CD, but not from patients with RCDII, differentiated into functional natural killer and T cells, the latter largely dependent on notch-signalling. Furthermore, compared with non-coeliac controls, CD56(-)CD127(-) IEL from patients with CD expressed more intracellular CD3ε and CD3γ and gave more pronounced T cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we demonstrate previously unappreciated diversity and plasticity of the innate IEL compartment and its loss of differentiation potential in patients with RCDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schmitz
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Sophia Wiekmeijer
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Luisa Mearin
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Jt Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Petersen J, van Bergen J, Loh KL, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Beringer DX, Thompson A, Bakker SF, Mulder CJJ, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Price DA, Rossjohn J, Reid HH, Koning F. Determinants of gliadin-specific T cell selection in celiac disease. J Immunol 2015. [PMID: 25948817 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol1500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In HLA-DQ8-associated celiac disease (CD), the pathogenic T cell response is directed toward an immunodominant α-gliadin-derived peptide (DQ8-glia-α1). However, our knowledge of TCR gene usage within the primary intestinal tissue of HLA-DQ8 (+) CD patients is limited. We identified two populations of HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 tetramer(+) CD4(+) T cells that were essentially undetectable in biopsy samples from patients on a gluten-free diet but expanded rapidly and specifically after antigenic stimulation. Distinguished by expression of TRBV9, both T cell populations displayed biased clonotypic repertoires and reacted similarly against HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. In particular, TRBV9 paired most often with TRAV26-2, whereas the majority of TRBV9(-) TCRs used TRBV6-1 with no clear TRAV gene preference. Strikingly, both tetramer(+)/TRBV9(+) and tetramer(+)/TRBV9(-) T cells possessed a non-germline-encoded arginine residue in their CDR3α and CDR3β loops, respectively. Comparison of the crystal structures of three TRBV9(+) TCRs and a TRBV9(-) TCR revealed that, as a result of distinct TCR docking modes, the HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 contacts mediated by the CDR3-encoded arginine were almost identical between TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) TCRs. In all cases, this interaction centered on two hydrogen bonds with a specific serine residue in the bound peptide. Replacement of serine with alanine at this position abrogated TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) clonal T cell proliferation in response to HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. Gluten-specific memory CD4(+) T cells with structurally and functionally conserved TCRs therefore predominate in the disease-affected tissue of patients with HLA-DQ8-mediated CD.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Celiac Disease/genetics
- Celiac Disease/immunology
- Celiac Disease/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Gliadin/immunology
- HLA-DQ Antigens/chemistry
- HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DQ Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Khai Lee Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Allan Thompson
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd F Bakker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands;
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9
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Janssen G, Christis C, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Edens L, Smith D, van Veelen P, Koning F. Ineffective degradation of immunogenic gluten epitopes by currently available digestive enzyme supplements. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128065. [PMID: 26030273 PMCID: PMC4452362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high proline content of gluten molecules, gastrointestinal proteases are unable to fully degrade them leaving large proline-rich gluten fragments intact, including an immunogenic 33-mer from α-gliadin and a 26-mer from γ-gliadin. These latter peptides can trigger pro-inflammatory T cell responses resulting in tissue remodeling, malnutrition and a variety of other complications. A strict lifelong gluten-free diet is currently the only available treatment to cope with gluten intolerance. Post-proline cutting enzymes have been shown to effectively degrade the immunogenic gluten peptides and have been proposed as oral supplements. Several existing digestive enzyme supplements also claim to aid in gluten degradation. Here we investigate the effectiveness of such existing enzyme supplements in comparison with a well characterized post-proline cutting enzyme, Prolyl EndoPeptidase from Aspergillus niger (AN-PEP). METHODS Five commercially available digestive enzyme supplements along with purified digestive enzymes were subjected to 1) enzyme assays and 2) mass spectrometric identification. Gluten epitope degradation was monitored by 1) R5 ELISA, 2) mass spectrometric analysis of the degradation products and 3) T cell proliferation assays. FINDINGS The digestive enzyme supplements showed comparable proteolytic activities with near neutral pH optima and modest gluten detoxification properties as determined by ELISA. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of many different enzymes including amylases and a variety of different proteases with aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase activity. The enzyme supplements leave the nine immunogenic epitopes of the 26-mer and 33-mer gliadin fragments largely intact. In contrast, the pure enzyme AN-PEP effectively degraded all nine epitopes in the pH range of the stomach at much lower dose. T cell proliferation assays confirmed the mass spectrometric data. CONCLUSION Currently available digestive enzyme supplements are ineffective in degrading immunogenic gluten epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Janssen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luppo Edens
- DSM Food Specialties, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Drew Smith
- DSM Food Specialties, South Bend, United States of America
| | - Peter van Veelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Petersen J, van Bergen J, Loh KL, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Beringer DX, Thompson A, Bakker SF, Mulder CJJ, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Price DA, Rossjohn J, Reid HH, Koning F. Determinants of gliadin-specific T cell selection in celiac disease. J Immunol 2015; 194:6112-22. [PMID: 25948817 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In HLA-DQ8-associated celiac disease (CD), the pathogenic T cell response is directed toward an immunodominant α-gliadin-derived peptide (DQ8-glia-α1). However, our knowledge of TCR gene usage within the primary intestinal tissue of HLA-DQ8 (+) CD patients is limited. We identified two populations of HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 tetramer(+) CD4(+) T cells that were essentially undetectable in biopsy samples from patients on a gluten-free diet but expanded rapidly and specifically after antigenic stimulation. Distinguished by expression of TRBV9, both T cell populations displayed biased clonotypic repertoires and reacted similarly against HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. In particular, TRBV9 paired most often with TRAV26-2, whereas the majority of TRBV9(-) TCRs used TRBV6-1 with no clear TRAV gene preference. Strikingly, both tetramer(+)/TRBV9(+) and tetramer(+)/TRBV9(-) T cells possessed a non-germline-encoded arginine residue in their CDR3α and CDR3β loops, respectively. Comparison of the crystal structures of three TRBV9(+) TCRs and a TRBV9(-) TCR revealed that, as a result of distinct TCR docking modes, the HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 contacts mediated by the CDR3-encoded arginine were almost identical between TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) TCRs. In all cases, this interaction centered on two hydrogen bonds with a specific serine residue in the bound peptide. Replacement of serine with alanine at this position abrogated TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) clonal T cell proliferation in response to HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. Gluten-specific memory CD4(+) T cells with structurally and functionally conserved TCRs therefore predominate in the disease-affected tissue of patients with HLA-DQ8-mediated CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Khai Lee Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Allan Thompson
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd F Bakker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands;
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11
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Petersen J, Montserrat V, Mujico JR, Loh KL, Beringer DX, van Lummel M, Thompson A, Mearin ML, Schweizer J, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, van Bergen J, Drijfhout JW, Kan WT, La Gruta NL, Anderson RP, Reid HH, Koning F, Rossjohn J. T-cell receptor recognition of HLA-DQ2-gliadin complexes associated with celiac disease. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014. [PMID: 24777060 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a T cell-mediated disease induced by dietary gluten, a component of which is gliadin. 95% of individuals with celiac disease carry the HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-DQ2 locus. Here we determined the T-cell receptor (TCR) usage and fine specificity of patient-derived T-cell clones specific for two epitopes from wheat gliadin, DQ2.5-glia-α1a and DQ2.5-glia-α2. We determined the ternary structures of four distinct biased TCRs specific for those epitopes. All three TCRs specific for DQ2.5-glia-α2 docked centrally above HLA-DQ2, which together with mutagenesis and affinity measurements provided a basis for the biased TCR usage. A non-germline encoded arginine residue within the CDR3β loop acted as the lynchpin within this common docking footprint. Although the TCRs specific for DQ2.5-glia-α1a and DQ2.5-glia-α2 docked similarly, their interactions with the respective gliadin determinants differed markedly, thereby providing a basis for epitope specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petersen
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. [2]
| | - Veronica Montserrat
- 1] Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. [2]
| | - Jorge R Mujico
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Khai Lee Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Menno van Lummel
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Allan Thompson
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Luisa Mearin
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Schweizer
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wan-Ting Kan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole L La Gruta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Hugh H Reid
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. [2] [3]
| | - Frits Koning
- 1] Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. [2] [3]
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. [2] Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK. [3] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. [4] [5]
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12
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Petersen J, Montserrat V, Mujico JR, Loh KL, Beringer DX, van Lummel M, Thompson A, Mearin ML, Schweizer J, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, van Bergen J, Drijfhout JW, Kan WT, La Gruta NL, Anderson RP, Reid HH, Koning F, Rossjohn J. T-cell receptor recognition of HLA-DQ2–gliadin complexes associated with celiac disease. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 21:480-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Schmitz F, Tjon JML, Lai Y, Thompson A, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Lemmers RJLF, Verspaget HW, Mearin ML, Staal FJ, Schreurs MW, Cupedo T, Langerak AW, Mulder CJ, van Bergen J, Koning F. Identification of a potential physiological precursor of aberrant cells in refractory coeliac disease type II. Gut 2013; 62:509-19. [PMID: 22760007 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Refractory coeliac disease type II (RCDII) is a severe complication of coeliac disease (CD) characterised by aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) of unknown origin that display an atypical CD3(-)CD7(+)icCD3(+) phenotype. In approximately 40% of patients with RCDII these lymphocytes develop into an invasive lymphoma. In the current study we aimed to identify the physiological counterpart of these cells. DESIGN RCDII cell lines were compared with T-cell receptor positive (TCR(+)) IEL (T-IEL) lines by microarray analysis, real-time quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. This information was used to identify cells with an RCDII-associated phenotype in duodenal biopsies from non-refractory individuals by multicolour flow cytometry. RESULTS RCDII lines were transcriptionally distinct from T-IEL lines and expressed higher levels of multiple natural killer (NK) cell receptors. In addition to the CD3(-)CD7(+)icCD3(+) phenotype, the RCDII lines were distinguishable from other lymphocyte subsets by the absence of CD56, CD127 and CD34. Cells matching this surface lineage-negative (Lin(-)) CD7(+)CD127(-)CD34(-) phenotype expressed a functional interleukin-15 (IL-15) receptor and constituted a significant proportion of IELs in duodenal specimens of patients without CD, particularly children, and were also found in the thymus. In patients without CD, the Lin(-)CD7(+)CD127(-)CD34(-) subset was one of four subsets within the CD3(-)CD7(+)icCD3(+) population that could be distinguished on the basis of differential expression of CD56 and/or CD127. CONCLUSION Our studies indicate that the CD3(-)CD7(+)icCD3(+) population is heterogeneous and reveal the existence of a Lin(-) subset that is distinct from T, B, NK and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. We speculate that this IL-15 responsive population represents the physiological counterpart of aberrant cells expanded in RCDII and transformed in RCDII-associated lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schmitz
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Broughton SE, Petersen J, Theodossis A, Scally SW, Loh KL, Thompson A, van Bergen J, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Henderson KN, Beddoe T, Tye-Din JA, Mannering SI, Purcell AW, McCluskey J, Anderson RP, Koning F, Reid HH, Rossjohn J. Biased T cell receptor usage directed against human leukocyte antigen DQ8-restricted gliadin peptides is associated with celiac disease. Immunity 2012. [PMID: 23063329 DOI: 10.1016/jimmuni201207013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2- and/or DQ8-associated T cell-mediated disorder that is induced by dietary gluten. Although it is established how gluten peptides bind HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DQ2, it is unclear how such peptide-HLA complexes are engaged by the T cell receptor (TCR), a recognition event that triggers disease pathology. We show that biased TCR usage (TRBV9(∗)01) underpins the recognition of HLA-DQ8-α-I-gliadin. The structure of a prototypical TRBV9(∗)01-TCR-HLA-DQ8-α-I-gliadin complex shows that the TCR docks centrally above HLA-DQ8-α-I-gliadin, in which all complementarity-determining region-β (CDRβ) loops interact with the gliadin peptide. Mutagenesis at the TRBV9(∗)01-TCR-HLA-DQ8-α-I-gliadin interface provides an energetic basis for the Vβ bias. Moreover, CDR3 diversity accounts for TRBV9(∗)01(+) TCRs exhibiting differing reactivities toward the gliadin epitopes at various deamidation states. Accordingly, biased TCR usage is an important factor in the pathogenesis of DQ8-mediated celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Broughton
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Broughton SE, Petersen J, Theodossis A, Scally SW, Loh KL, Thompson A, van Bergen J, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Henderson KN, Beddoe T, Tye-Din JA, Mannering SI, Purcell AW, McCluskey J, Anderson RP, Koning F, Reid HH, Rossjohn J. Biased T cell receptor usage directed against human leukocyte antigen DQ8-restricted gliadin peptides is associated with celiac disease. Immunity 2012; 37:611-21. [PMID: 23063329 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2- and/or DQ8-associated T cell-mediated disorder that is induced by dietary gluten. Although it is established how gluten peptides bind HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DQ2, it is unclear how such peptide-HLA complexes are engaged by the T cell receptor (TCR), a recognition event that triggers disease pathology. We show that biased TCR usage (TRBV9(∗)01) underpins the recognition of HLA-DQ8-α-I-gliadin. The structure of a prototypical TRBV9(∗)01-TCR-HLA-DQ8-α-I-gliadin complex shows that the TCR docks centrally above HLA-DQ8-α-I-gliadin, in which all complementarity-determining region-β (CDRβ) loops interact with the gliadin peptide. Mutagenesis at the TRBV9(∗)01-TCR-HLA-DQ8-α-I-gliadin interface provides an energetic basis for the Vβ bias. Moreover, CDR3 diversity accounts for TRBV9(∗)01(+) TCRs exhibiting differing reactivities toward the gliadin epitopes at various deamidation states. Accordingly, biased TCR usage is an important factor in the pathogenesis of DQ8-mediated celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Broughton
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Mujico JR, Dekking L, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Verheijen R, van Wichen P, Streppel L, Sajic N, Drijfhout JW, Koning F. Validation of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the triggering proteins and peptides for celiac disease: interlaboratory study. J AOAC Int 2012; 95:206-15. [PMID: 22468361 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.11-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The performance of Gluten-Tec (EuroProxima, Arnhem, The Netherlands) was tested through an interlaboratory study in accordance with AOAC guidelines. Gluten-Tec is a competitive ELISA that detects an immunostimulatory epitope of a-gliadin in dietary food for celiacs. Fifteen laboratories, representing 14 different countries, announced their interest in taking part in this study. Of the 12 laboratories that sent the results within the established timeframe, two submitted inappropriate standard curves and were excluded from the statistical analysis. Four different food matrixes (rice-based baby food, maize bread, chocolate cake mix, and beer) were selected for preparing the test samples. Two gliadin extraction procedures were used: the conventional 60% ethanol, and a new method based on the reducing reagent dithiothreitol. The 38 samples (19 blind duplicates) tested in this study were prepared by diluting the different extracts in order to cover a wide range of gliadin levels. Both sample extraction and dilution were performed by EuroProxima; the present interlaboratory study was focused only on testing the ELISA part of the Gluten-Tec kit protocol. Repeatability values (within-laboratory variance), expressed as RSD(r) ranged from 6.2 to 25.7%, while reproducibility values (interlaboratory variance), expressed as RSD(R), ranged from 10.6 to 45.9%. Both statistical parameters were in the acceptable range of ELISAs under these conditions, and the method will be presented to the Codex Alimentarius as a preferred method for gluten analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R Mujico
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Immunology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Kooy-Winkelaar Y, van Lummel M, Moustakas AK, Schweizer J, Mearin ML, Mulder CJ, Roep BO, Drijfhout JW, Papadopoulos GK, van Bergen J, Koning F. Gluten-specific T cells cross-react between HLA-DQ8 and the HLA-DQ2α/DQ8β transdimer. J Immunol 2011; 187:5123-9. [PMID: 22013116 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Because susceptibility to celiac disease is associated strongly with HLA-DQ2 (DQA1*05/DQB1*02) and weakly with HLA-DQ8 (DQA1*03/DQB1*03), a subset of patients carries both HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. As a result, these patients may express two types of mixed HLA-DQ2/8 transdimers (encoded by DQA1*05/DQB1*03 and DQA1*03/DQB1*02) in addition to HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Using T cells from a celiac disease patient expressing HLA-DQ8trans (encoded by DQA*0501/DQB*0302), but neither HLA-DQ2 nor HLA-DQ8, we demonstrate that this transdimer is expressed on the cell surface and can present multiple gluten peptides to T cell clones isolated from the duodenum of this patient. Furthermore, T cell clones derived from this patient and HLA-DQ2/8 heterozygous celiac disease patients respond to gluten peptides presented by HLA-DQ8trans, as well as HLA-DQ8, in a similar fashion. Finally, one gluten peptide is recognized better when presented by HLA-DQ8trans, which correlates with preferential binding of this peptide to HLA-DQ8trans. These results implicate HLA-DQ8trans in celiac disease pathogenesis and demonstrate extensive T cell cross-reactivity between HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DQ8trans. Because type 1 diabetes is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-DQ8trans, our findings may bear relevance to this disease as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Du Pré MF, Kozijn AE, van Berkel LA, ter Borg MND, Lindenbergh-Kortleve D, Jensen LT, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Koning F, Boon L, Nieuwenhuis EES, Sollid LM, Fugger L, Samsom JN. Tolerance to ingested deamidated gliadin in mice is maintained by splenic, type 1 regulatory T cells. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:610-20, 620.e1-2. [PMID: 21683079 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with celiac disease have permanent intolerance to gluten. Because of the high frequency of this disorder (approximately 1 in 100 individuals), we investigated whether oral tolerance to gluten differs from that to other food proteins. METHODS Using transgenic mice that express human HLA-DQ2 and a gliadin-specific, humanized T-cell receptor, we compared gluten-specific T-cell responses with tolerogenic mucosal T-cell responses to the model food protein ovalbumin. RESULTS Consistent with previous findings, the ovalbumin-specific response occurred in the mesenteric lymph nodes and induced Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. In contrast, ingestion of deamidated gliadin induced T-cell proliferation predominantly in the spleen but little in mesenteric lymph nodes. The gliadin-reactive T cells had an effector-like phenotype and secreted large amounts of interferon gamma but also secreted interleukin-10. Despite their effector-like phenotype, gliadin-reactive T cells had regulatory functions, because transfer of the cells suppressed a gliadin-induced, delayed-type hypersensitivity response. CONCLUSIONS Ingestion of deamidated gliadin induces differentiation of tolerogenic, type 1 regulatory T cells in spleens of HLA-DQ2 transgenic mice. These data indicate that under homeostatic conditions, the T-cell response to deamidated gliadin is tolerance, which is not conditioned by the mucosal immune system but instead requires interleukin-10 induction by antigen presentation in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fleur Du Pré
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mitea C, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, van Veelen P, de Ru A, Drijfhout JW, Koning F, Dekking L. Fine specificity of monoclonal antibodies against celiac disease-inducing peptides in the gluteome. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88:1057-66. [PMID: 18842794 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/88.4.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In celiac disease patients, peptides derived from dietary gluten are recognized by HLA-DQ2-restricted CD4(+) T cells, which results in inflammation. Such immune-stimulatory peptides are found in both gliadins and glutenins. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against these peptides can be used to screen food for the presence of such peptides. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the specificity of 5 mAbs raised against T cell stimulatory peptides found in alpha- and gamma-gliadins and in low- and high-molecular-weight glutenins and to compare it with the specificity of patient-derived T cells. DESIGN The reactivity of the mAbs with gluten peptides, enzymatic gluten digests, and intact gluten proteins was determined and compared with that of gluten-specific T cells by using a combination of immunologic and biochemical techniques. Furthermore, the reactivity of the mAbs with gluten homologues in barley, rye, and oat was determined. RESULTS The specificity of the mAbs largely overlaps with that of gluten-specific T cells. Moreover, mAbs detect several homologous peptides present in gluten proteins. All except the LMW-specific mAbs also detect storage proteins present in barley and rye, whereas the gamma-gliadin-specific mAbs also recognize oat proteins. CONCLUSION The mAbs raised against T cell stimulatory peptides in gliadins and glutenins allow a comprehensive screen for the presence of harmful gluten and gluten-like proteins and peptides in food products. They can thus be used to guarantee the safety of food for celiac disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mitea
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Spaenij-Dekking L, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, van Veelen P, Drijfhout JW, Jonker H, van Soest L, Smulders MJM, Bosch D, Gilissen LJWJ, Koning F. Natural variation in toxicity of wheat: potential for selection of nontoxic varieties for celiac disease patients. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:797-806. [PMID: 16143119 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal disorder caused by T-cell responses to peptides derived from the gluten proteins present in wheat. Such peptides have been found both in the gliadin and glutenin proteins in gluten. The only cure for CD is a lifelong gluten-free diet. It is unknown, however, if all wheat varieties are equally harmful for patients. We investigated whether wheat varieties exist with a natural low number of T-cell-stimulatory epitopes. METHODS Gluten proteins present in public databases were analyzed for the presence of T-cell-stimulatory sequences. In addition, wheat accessions from diploid (AA, SS/BB, and DD genomes), tetraploid (AABB), and hexaploid (AABBDD) Triticum species were tested for the presence of T-cell-stimulatory epitopes in gliadins and glutenins by both T-cell and monoclonal antibody-based assays. RESULTS The database analysis readily identified gluten proteins that lack 1 or more of the known T-cell-stimulatory sequences. Moreover, both the T-cell- and antibody-based assays showed that a large variation exists in the amount of T-cell-stimulatory peptides present in the wheat accessions. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient genetic variation is present to endeavor the selection of wheat accessions that contain low amounts of T-cell-stimulatory sequences. Such materials may be used to select and breed wheat varieties suitable for consumption by CD patients, contributing to a well-balanced diet and an increase in their quality of life. Such varieties also may be useful for disease prevention in individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Spaenij-Dekking
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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