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Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Martinez-Chantar ML. Targeting hepatic stellate cells to combat liver fibrosis: where do we stand? Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331785. [PMID: 38684236 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Breitkopf-Heinlein
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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2
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Lu H, Kuang D, Zhou P, Zeng J, Xia Q, Wang J, Duan P, Jiang L, Zang S, Jin Y, Jiang X, Li J, Tang W, Zhou J, Chen J, Ying J. PD-L1 expression in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in China (EXCEED study): a multicentre retrospective study. J Clin Pathol 2023:jcp-2023-209059. [PMID: 37968103 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is known to be highly expressed in various malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to determine the prevalence of PD-L1 expression in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC (R/M HNSCC) among Chinese patients. METHODS This multicentre, retrospective analysis of data from six centres in China included patients with R/M HNSCC treated from 9 August 2021 to 28 February 2022. PD-L1 expression in tumour tissue was assessed and represented using a combined positive score (CPS). The χ2 and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel χ2 tests were used to compare the prevalence of different PD-L1 expression statuses according to related co-variables. RESULTS For all 402 examined patients with R/M HNSCC, 168 cases (41.8%) had PD-L1 expression with a CPS ≥20, and 337 cases (83.8%) had PD-L1 expression with a CPS ≥1. Between the PD-L1 CPS ≥20 group and PD-L1 CPS <20 group, statistically significant differences were observed for variables of sex (p<0.001), smoking habit (p=0.0138 for non-smokers vs current smokers) and primary tumour site (p<0.001 for hypopharynx vs oral cavity and p=0.0304 for larynx vs oral cavity, respectively). CONCLUSION PD-L1 with CPS ≥20 was expressed in about 41.8% of cases with R/M HNSCC among Chinese patients, and PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with sex, smoking history and primary tumour site. Our findings regarding the variables related to PD-L1 expression level provide insight for clinical practice and a solid basis for future research on immunotherapy in HNSCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN10570964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Lu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingxin Xia
- Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Duan
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengbing Zang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiping Jin
- Department of Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangnan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jielin Li
- MRL Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenmin Tang
- MRL Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- MRL Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- MRL Global Medical Affairs, MSD China, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Ying
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Verna R. From alchemy to personalised medicine: the journey of laboratory medicine. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:301-307. [PMID: 36828620 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises the long period in which man has approached nature to understand its powers, and has tried to control it through physical and chemical, and also magical, practices. From the attempt to manage nature to the development of primordial drugs and medical practices and later to achieve modern biomedical science, laboratory practices always played a pivotal role. Over the years and centuries, the laboratory has acquired more and more importance in the improvement of health.In addition to the well-known importance of laboratory medicine in the early diagnosis and appropriateness, the discoveries of the last 50 years have also given the Laboratory a decisive role in regenerative and personalised medicine.This paper examines the evolution of the laboratory and is not meant to be a treatise on the history of medicine. The goal is to highlight the moments of the transition from magic and alchemy to laboratory science.-------------------------------Roberto Verna is President of the World Association of Societies of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and President of the Academy for Health and Clinical Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Verna
- Experimental Medicine - Systems Biology Group, University of Rome La Sapienza Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Roma, Italy
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Jiang Y, Xu Y, Zheng C, Ye L, Jiang P, Malik S, Xu G, Zhou Q, Zhang M. Acetyltransferase from Akkermansia muciniphila blunts colorectal tumourigenesis by reprogramming tumour microenvironment. Gut 2023:gutjnl-2022-327853. [PMID: 36754607 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The protein post-translational modification (PTM) in host cells can be rewritten by bacterial enzymes and represents an unprecedented mechanism in the communication between intestinal flora and the host. Although Akkermansia muciniphila has been widely investigated as a probiotic and blunts colitis-associated tumourigenesis in mice, there is little understanding regarding whether A. muciniphila is involved in the PTM of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigates whether and how A. muciniphila engages in the PTM of host CRC. DESIGN The secreting extracellular vesicles from A. muciniphila and purified Amuc_2172 were used for different tumourigenesis mice models. Amuc_2172-induced immune activity of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The acetyltransferase activity and downstream target genes of Amuc_2172 were investigated. RESULTS Amuc_2172, a general control non-derepressible 5-related acetyltransferase of A. muciniphila, was accessible to colorectal cells by macropinocytosis and functioned as an acetyltransferase of Lys14 on histone H3 (H3K14ac). Elevated H3K14ac on Hspa1a loci promoted the transcription and secretion of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in cancer cells. High level of HSP70 promoted the immune activity of CTLs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, bioengineered nanoparticles provided a safe and reliable drug delivery strategy of Amuc_2172 for CRC treatment in an allograft mice model. CONCLUSION Amuc_2172 reprogrammed tumour microenvironment by inducing HSP70 secretion and promoting CTL-related immune response in the process of tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejie Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sara Malik
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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De Santis MC, Gozzelino L, Margaria JP, Costamagna A, Ratto E, Gulluni F, Di Gregorio E, Mina E, Lorito N, Bacci M, Lattanzio R, Sala G, Cappello P, Novelli F, Giovannetti E, Vicentini C, Andreani S, Delfino P, Corbo V, Scarpa A, Porporato PE, Morandi A, Hirsch E, Martini M. Lysosomal lipid switch sensitises to nutrient deprivation and mTOR targeting in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2023; 72:360-371. [PMID: 35623884 PMCID: PMC9872233 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options. However, metabolic adaptation to the harsh PDAC environment can expose liabilities useful for therapy. Targeting the key metabolic regulator mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its downstream pathway shows efficacy only in subsets of patients but gene modifiers maximising response remain to be identified. DESIGN Three independent cohorts of PDAC patients were studied to correlate PI3K-C2γ protein abundance with disease outcome. Mechanisms were then studied in mouse (KPC mice) and cellular models of PDAC, in presence or absence of PI3K-C2γ (WT or KO). PI3K-C2γ-dependent metabolic rewiring and its impact on mTORC1 regulation were assessed in conditions of limiting glutamine availability. Finally, effects of a combination therapy targeting mTORC1 and glutamine metabolism were studied in WT and KO PDAC cells and preclinical models. RESULTS PI3K-C2γ expression was reduced in about 30% of PDAC cases and was associated with an aggressive phenotype. Similarly, loss of PI3K-C2γ in KPC mice enhanced tumour development and progression. The increased aggressiveness of tumours lacking PI3K-C2γ correlated with hyperactivation of mTORC1 pathway and glutamine metabolism rewiring to support lipid synthesis. PI3K-C2γ-KO tumours failed to adapt to metabolic stress induced by glutamine depletion, resulting in cell death. CONCLUSION Loss of PI3K-C2γ prevents mTOR inactivation and triggers tumour vulnerability to RAD001 (mTOR inhibitor) and BPTES/CB-839 (glutaminase inhibitors). Therefore, these results might open the way to personalised treatments in PDAC with PI3K-C2γ loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Gozzelino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Costamagna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Edoardo Ratto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Enza Di Gregorio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Mina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marina Bacci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Andreani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Delfino
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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6
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Jiang YY, Lin DC, Mayakonda A, Hazawa M, Ding LW, Chien WW, Xu L, Chen Y, Xiao JF, Senapedis W, Baloglu E, Kanojia D, Shang L, Xu X, Yang H, Tyner JW, Wang MR, Koeffler HP. Targeting super-enhancer-associated oncogenes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gut 2017; 66:1358-1368. [PMID: 27196599 PMCID: PMC5912916 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy and the major histological subtype of oesophageal cancer. Although recent large-scale genomic analysis has improved the description of the genetic abnormalities of OSCC, few targetable genomic lesions have been identified, and no molecular therapy is available. This study aims to identify druggable candidates in this tumour. DESIGN High-throughput small-molecule inhibitor screening was performed to identify potent anti-OSCC compounds. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) were conducted to decipher the mechanisms of action of CDK7 inhibition in OSCC. A variety of in vitro and in vivo cellular assays were performed to determine the effects of candidate genes on OSCC malignant phenotypes. RESULTS The unbiased high-throughput small-molecule inhibitor screening led us to discover a highly potent anti-OSCC compound, THZ1, a specific CDK7 inhibitor. RNA-Seq revealed that low-dose THZ1 treatment caused selective inhibition of a number of oncogenic transcripts. Notably, further characterisation of the genomic features of these THZ1-sensitive transcripts demonstrated that they were frequently associated with super-enhancer (SE). Moreover, SE analysis alone uncovered many OSCC lineage-specific master regulators. Finally, integrative analysis of both THZ1-sensitive and SE-associated transcripts identified a number of novel OSCC oncogenes, including PAK4, RUNX1, DNAJB1, SREBF2 and YAP1, with PAK4 being a potential druggable kinase. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative approaches led to a catalogue of SE-associated master regulators and oncogenic transcripts, which may significantly promote both the understanding of OSCC biology and the development of more innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yi Jiang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen-Wen Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Fen Xiao
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William Senapedis
- Department of Drug Discovery, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erkan Baloglu
- Department of Drug Discovery, Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc., Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepika Kanojia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Whelan KA, Merves JF, Giroux V, Tanaka K, Guo A, Chandramouleeswaran PM, Benitez AJ, Dods K, Que J, Masterson JC, Fernando SD, Godwin BC, Klein-Szanto AJ, Chikwava K, Ruchelli ED, Hamilton KE, Muir AB, Wang ML, Furuta GT, Falk GW, Spergel JM, Nakagawa H. Autophagy mediates epithelial cytoprotection in eosinophilic oesophagitis. Gut 2017; 66:1197-1207. [PMID: 26884425 PMCID: PMC4987278 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE)-associated inflammation upon oesophageal epithelial biology remains poorly understood. We investigated the functional role of autophagy in oesophageal epithelial cells (keratinocytes) exposed to the inflammatory EoE milieu. DESIGN Functional consequences of genetic or pharmacological autophagy inhibition were assessed in endoscopic oesophageal biopsies, human oesophageal keratinocytes, single cell-derived ex vivo murine oesophageal organoids as well as a murine model recapitulating EoE-like inflammation and basal cell hyperplasia. Gene expression, morphological and functional characterisation of autophagy and oxidative stress were performed by transmission electron microscopy, immunostaining, immunoblotting, live cell imaging and flow cytometry. RESULTS EoE-relevant inflammatory conditions promoted autophagy and basal cell hyperplasia in three independent murine EoE models and oesophageal organoids. Inhibition of autophagic flux via chloroquine treatment augmented basal cell hyperplasia in these model systems. Oesophageal keratinocytes stimulated with EoE-relevant cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-13 exhibited activation of autophagic flux in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Autophagy inhibition via chloroquine treatment or depletion of Beclin-1 or ATG-7, augmented oxidative stress induced by EoE-relevant stimuli in murine EoE, oesophageal organoids and human oesophageal keratinocytes. Oesophageal epithelia of paediatric EoE patients with active inflammation displayed increased autophagic vesicle content compared with normal and EoE remission subjects. Functional flow cytometric analysis revealed autophagic flux in human oesophageal biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal for the first time that autophagy may function as a cytoprotective mechanism to maintain epithelial redox balance and homeostasis under EoE inflammation-associated stress, providing mechanistic insights into the role of autophagy in EoE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Whelan
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamie F. Merves
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Veronique Giroux
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andy Guo
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Prasanna M. Chandramouleeswaran
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alain J. Benitez
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kara Dods
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Center for Human Development and Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joanne C. Masterson
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shahan D. Fernando
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bridget C. Godwin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andres J. Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kudakwashe Chikwava
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eduardo D. Ruchelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Hamilton
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amanda B. Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mei-Lun Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Glenn T. Furuta
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gary W. Falk
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Spergel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Li X, Yao W, Yuan Y, Chen P, Li B, Li J, Chu R, Song H, Xie D, Jiang X, Wang H. Targeting of tumour-infiltrating macrophages via CCL2/CCR2 signalling as a therapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2017; 66:157-167. [PMID: 26452628 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited effective treatment options. An alternative strategy is to target cells, such as tumour-infiltrating macrophages, in the HCC tumour microenvironment. The CCL2/CCR2 axis is required for recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and is implicated in various aspects of liver pathology, including HCC. We investigated the feasibility of CCL2/CCR2 as a therapeutic target against HCC. DESIGN CCL2 expression was analysed in two independent HCC cohorts. Growth of three murine HCC cells was evaluated in an orthotopic model, a postsurgical recurrence model and a subcutaneous model in mice after blocking CCL2/CCR2 axis by a novel CCR2 antagonist or knocking out of host CCR2. In vivo macrophage or T cell depletion and in vitro cell coculture were further conducted to investigate CCL2/CCR2-mediated crosstalk between tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumour cells. RESULT CCL2 is overexpressed in human liver cancers and is prognostic for patients with HCC. Blockade of CCL2/CCR2 signalling with knockout of CCR2 or with a CCR2 antagonist inhibits malignant growth and metastasis, reduces postsurgical recurrence, and enhances survival. Further, therapeutic blocking of the CCL2/CCR2 axis inhibits the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, infiltration and M2-polarisation of TAMs, resulting in reversal of the immunosuppression status of the tumour microenvironment and activation of an antitumorous CD8+ T cell response. CONCLUSIONS In patients with liver cancer, CCL2 is highly expressed and is a prognostic factor. Blockade of CCL2/CCR2 signalling suppresses murine liver tumour growth via activating T cell antitumour immune response. The results demonstrate the translational potential of CCL2/CCR2 blockade for treatment of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiai Chu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Yasar B, Linton K, Slater C, Byers R. Primary cilia are increased in number and demonstrate structural abnormalities in human cancer. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:571-574. [PMID: 27872140 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Primary cilia play an important role in the regulation of cell signalling pathways and are thought to have a role in cancer but have seldom been studied in human cancer samples. METHODS Primary cilia were visualised by dual immunofluorescence for anti-CROCC (ciliary rootlet coiled-coil) and anti-tubulin in a range of human cancers (including carcinomas of stomach, pancreas, prostate, lung and colon, lobular and ductal breast cancers and follicular lymphoma) and in matched normal tissue (stomach, pancreas, lung, large and small intestines, breast and reactive lymph nodes) samples using a tissue microarray; their frequency, association with proliferation, was measured by Ki-67 staining and their structure was analysed. RESULTS Compared with normal tissues, primary cilia frequency was significantly elevated in adenocarcinoma of the lung (2.75% vs 1.85%, p=0.016), adenocarcinoma of the colon (3.80% vs 2.43%, respectively, p=0.017), follicular lymphoma (1.18% vs 0.83%, p=0.003) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (7.00% vs 5.26%, p=0.002); there was no statistically significant difference compared with normal control tissue for gastric and prostatic adenocarcinomas or for lobular and ductal breast cancers. Additionally, structural abnormalities of primary cilia were identified in cancer tissues, including elongation of the axoneme, multiple basal bodies and branching of the axoneme. Ki-67 scores ranged from 0.7% to 78.4% and showed no statistically significant correlation with primary cilia frequency across all tissues (p=0.1501). CONCLUSIONS The results show upregulation of primary cilia and the presence of structural defects in a wide range of human cancer tissue samples demonstrating association of dysregulation of primary cilia with human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnaz Yasar
- Division of Medical Education, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kim Linton
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christian Slater
- Division of Medical Education, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Byers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Studies, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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10
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Abstract
Knowledge of the fundamental epigenetic mechanisms governing gene expression and cellular phenotype are sufficiently advanced that novel insights into the epigenetic control of chronic liver disease are now emerging. Hepatologists are in the process of shedding light on the roles played by DNA methylation, histone/chromatin modifications and non-coding RNAs in specific liver pathologies. Alongside these discoveries are advances in the technologies for the detection and quantification of epigenetic biomarkers, either directly from patient tissue or from body fluids. The premise for this review is to survey the recent advances in the field of liver epigenetics and to explore their potential for translation by industry and clinical hepatologists for the design of novel therapeutics and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers. In particular, we present findings in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma, fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, where there is urgent unmet need for new clinical interventions and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hardy
- Fibrosis Laboratories, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Derek A Mann
- Fibrosis Laboratories, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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11
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Qi J, Yu Y, Akilli Öztürk Ö, Holland JD, Besser D, Fritzmann J, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Eckert K, Fichtner I, Birchmeier W. New Wnt/β-catenin target genes promote experimental metastasis and migration of colorectal cancer cells through different signals. Gut 2016; 65:1690-701. [PMID: 26156959 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously identified a 115-gene signature that characterises the metastatic potential of human primary colon cancers. The signature included the canonical Wnt target gene BAMBI, which promoted experimental metastasis in mice. Here, we identified three new direct Wnt target genes from the signature, and studied their functions in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and experimental metastasis. DESIGN We examined experimental liver metastases following injection of selected tumour cells into spleens of NOD/SCID mice. Molecular and cellular techniques were used to identify direct transcription target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signals. Microarray analyses and experiments that interfered with cell migration through inhibitors were performed to characterise downstream signalling systems. RESULTS Three new genes from the colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis signature, BOP1, CKS2 and NFIL3, were identified as direct transcription targets of β-catenin/TCF4. Overexpression and knocking down of these genes in CRC cells promoted and inhibited, respectively, experimental metastasis in mice, EMT and cell motility in culture. Cell migration was repressed by interfering with distinct signalling systems through inhibitors of PI3K, JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and/or mTOR. Gene expression profiling identified a series of migration-promoting genes, which were induced by BOP1, CKS2 and NFIL3, and could be repressed by inhibitors that are specific to these pathways. CONCLUSIONS We identified new direct Wnt/β-catenin target genes, BOP1, CKS2 and NFIL3, which induced EMT, cell migration and experimental metastasis of CRC cells. These genes crosstalk with different downstream signalling systems, and activate migration-promoting genes. These pathways and downstream genes may serve as therapeutic targets in the treatment of CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yong Yu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jane D Holland
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Besser
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Fritzmann
- Klinik für Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Eckert
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology (EPO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology (EPO), Berlin, Germany
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12
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Schmitz F, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Wiekmeijer AS, Brugman MH, Mearin ML, Mulder C, Chuva de Sousa Lopes S, Mummery CL, Staal FJ, van Bergen J, Koning F. The composition and differentiation potential of the duodenal intraepithelial innate lymphocyte compartment is altered in coeliac disease. Gut 2016; 65:1269-78. [PMID: 25966995 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coeliac disease (CD), a gluten-induced enteropathy, alters the composition and function of duodenal intraepithelial T cells. The intestine also harbours four types of CD3-negative intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) with largely unknown function: CD56(-)CD127(-), CD56(-)CD127(+), CD56(+)CD127(-) and CD56(+)CD127(+). Here we aimed to gain insight into the potential function of these innate IELs in health and disease. DESIGN We determined the phenotypes, relative abundance and differentiation potential of these innate IEL subsets in duodenal biopsies from controls and patients with CD or patients with refractory CD type II (RCDII). RESULTS Hierarchical clustering analysis of the expression of 15 natural killer and T cell surface markers showed that innate IELs differed markedly from innate peripheral blood lymphocytes and divided innate IEL subsets into two main branches: a CD127(-) branch expressing high levels of interleukin (IL) 2/15Rβ but no IL-21R, and a CD127(+) branch with the opposite phenotype. While CD was characterised by the contraction of all four innate IEL subsets, a selective expansion of CD56(-)CD127(-) and CD56(-)CD127(+) innate IEL was detected in RCDII. In vitro, in the presence of IL-15, CD56(-)CD127(-) IEL from controls and patients with CD, but not from patients with RCDII, differentiated into functional natural killer and T cells, the latter largely dependent on notch-signalling. Furthermore, compared with non-coeliac controls, CD56(-)CD127(-) IEL from patients with CD expressed more intracellular CD3ε and CD3γ and gave more pronounced T cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we demonstrate previously unappreciated diversity and plasticity of the innate IEL compartment and its loss of differentiation potential in patients with RCDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Schmitz
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Sophia Wiekmeijer
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Luisa Mearin
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Jt Staal
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Chen Z, Zhu S, Hong J, Soutto M, Peng D, Belkhiri A, Xu Z, El-Rifai W. Gastric tumour-derived ANGPT2 regulation by DARPP-32 promotes angiogenesis. Gut 2016; 65:925-34. [PMID: 25779598 PMCID: PMC4573388 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32000 (DARPP-32), and its truncated isoform (t-DARPP) are associated with gastric tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated the role of DARPP-32 proteins in regulating angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) and promoting tumour angiogenesis. DESIGN Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunoblotting, luciferase reporter, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and angiogenesis assays were applied to investigate the regulation of angiogenesis by DARPP-32 proteins. RESULTS Overexpression of DARPP-32 significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of ANGPT2 in gastric cancer cells. The overexpression of DARPP-32 T34A mutant or the N-terminal truncated isoform, t-DARPP, led to similar effects ruling out the T34-dependent regulation of protein phosphatase 1 activity in regulating ANGPT2. DARPP-32 proteins induced a secreted form of ANGPT2, which was detectable in the media, functionally active, and able to induce angiogenesis, measured by the human umbilical vein endothelial cells tube formation assay. Antibody blocking of the secreted ANGPT2 abrogated its function. To identify the mechanism by which DARPP-32 regulates ANGPT2, we examined the activities of NF-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), known regulators of angiogenesis. The results ruled out NF-κB and showed induction of STAT3 phosphorylation, activation and nuclear localisation. Inhibition or knockdown of STAT3 significantly attenuated the induction of ANGPT2 by DARPP-32 proteins. In vivo xenograft models demonstrated that overexpression of DARPP-32 promotes angiogenesis and tumour growth. Analyses of human gastric cancer tissues showed a strong correlation between DARPP-32 and ANGPT2. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings establish the role of DARPP-32-STAT3 axis in regulating ANGPT2 in cancer cells to promote angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - DunFa Peng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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14
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Martinelli P, Madriles F, Cañamero M, Pau ECDS, Pozo ND, Guerra C, Real FX. The acinar regulator Gata6 suppresses KrasG12V-driven pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice. Gut 2016; 65:476-86. [PMID: 25596178 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gata6 is required to complete and maintain acinar differentiation in the mouse pancreas. Pancreas-specific Gata6 ablation during development causes extensive and persistent acinar-ductal metaplasia, which is considered an initial step of mutant KRas-driven carcinogenesis. Therefore, the Gata6-null pancreas might represent a tumour-prone environment. We investigated whether Gata6 plays a role during pancreatic tumorigenesis. DESIGN We analysed genetically engineered mouse models and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines, using a combination of histopathological studies, genome-wide expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments to understand the role of Gata6 in the initiation and progression of KRas(G12V)-driven tumours RESULTS We show that Gata6 maintains the acinar differentiation programme, both directly and indirectly, and it concomitantly suppresses ectopic programmes in the pancreas. Gata6 ablation renders acinar cells more sensitive to KRas(G12V), thereby accelerating tumour development. Gata6 expression is spontaneously lost in a mouse model of KRas(G12V)-driven PDAC, in association with altered cell differentiation. Using a combination of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, we show that Gata6 exerts its tumour-suppressive effect through the promotion of cell differentiation, the suppression of inflammatory pathways, and the direct repression of cancer-related pathways. Among them is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, the activity of which is upregulated in the normal and preneoplastic Gata6-null pancreas. Accordingly, GATA6-silencing in human PDAC cells leads to an upregulation of EGFR. CONCLUSIONS We propose that, in the pancreas, Gata6 acts as a tumour suppressor by enforcing acinar cell differentiation, by directly and indirectly repressing ectopic differentiation programmes, and by regulating crucial cancer-related gene expression pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Martinelli
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, BBVA Foundation-Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Madriles
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, BBVA Foundation-Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cañamero
- Comparative Pathology Unit, Biotechnology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Carrillo-de Santa Pau
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, BBVA Foundation-Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Del Pozo
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, BBVA Foundation-Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Experimental Oncology Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, BBVA Foundation-Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Quévrain E, Maubert MA, Michon C, Chain F, Marquant R, Tailhades J, Miquel S, Carlier L, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Pigneur B, Lequin O, Kharrat P, Thomas G, Rainteau D, Aubry C, Breyner N, Afonso C, Lavielle S, Grill JP, Chassaing G, Chatel JM, Trugnan G, Xavier R, Langella P, Sokol H, Seksik P. Identification of an anti-inflammatory protein from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a commensal bacterium deficient in Crohn's disease. Gut 2016; 65:415-425. [PMID: 26045134 PMCID: PMC5136800 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD)-associated dysbiosis is characterised by a loss of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose culture supernatant exerts an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo. However, the chemical nature of the anti-inflammatory compounds has not yet been determined. METHODS Peptidomic analysis using mass spectrometry was applied to F. prausnitzii supernatant. Anti-inflammatory effects of identified peptides were tested in vitro directly on intestinal epithelial cell lines and on cell lines transfected with a plasmid construction coding for the candidate protein encompassing these peptides. In vivo, the cDNA of the candidate protein was delivered to the gut by recombinant lactic acid bacteria to prevent dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-colitis in mice. RESULTS The seven peptides, identified in the F. prausnitzii culture supernatants, derived from a single microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (MAM), a protein of 15 kDa, and comprising 53% of non-polar residues. This last feature prevented the direct characterisation of the putative anti-inflammatory activity of MAM-derived peptides. Transfection of MAM cDNA in epithelial cells led to a significant decrease in the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway with a dose-dependent effect. Finally, the use of a food-grade bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, delivering a plasmid encoding MAM was able to alleviate DNBS-induced colitis in mice. CONCLUSIONS A 15 kDa protein with anti-inflammatory properties is produced by F. prausnitzii, a commensal bacterium involved in CD pathogenesis. This protein is able to inhibit the NF-κB pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and to prevent colitis in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Quévrain
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - M. A. Maubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine - Département PM2 Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et dosage de Médicaments, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - C. Michon
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F. Chain
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - R. Marquant
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,Ecole Normale Supérieure- PSL Research University, Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J. Tailhades
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,Ecole Normale Supérieure- PSL Research University, Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - S. Miquel
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L. Carlier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,Ecole Normale Supérieure- PSL Research University, Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - L. G. Bermúdez-Humarán
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - B. Pigneur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - O. Lequin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,Ecole Normale Supérieure- PSL Research University, Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - P. Kharrat
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - G. Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - D. Rainteau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine - Département PM2 Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et dosage de Médicaments, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - C. Aubry
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - N. Breyner
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C. Afonso
- Université de Rouen, UMR 6014 COBRA / IRCOF, F-76130 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - S. Lavielle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,Ecole Normale Supérieure- PSL Research University, Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J.-P. Grill
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - G. Chassaing
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,Ecole Normale Supérieure- PSL Research University, Département de Chimie 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - J. M. Chatel
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - G. Trugnan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine - Département PM2 Plateforme de Métabolomique, Peptidomique et dosage de Médicaments, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - R. Xavier
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P. Langella
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - H. Sokol
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
,APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine – Service de Gastroentérologie et nutrition, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - P. Seksik
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012, Paris, France.
,INSERM-ERL 1157 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), CHU Saint-Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny, F-75012 Paris, France.
,CNRS, UMR 7203 LBM, F-75005, Paris, France
,APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine – Service de Gastroentérologie et nutrition, F-75012 Paris, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE STK33 has been reported to play an important role in cancer cell proliferation. We investigated the role of STK33 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying mechanisms. DESIGN 251 patients with HCC were analysed for association between STK33 expression and clinical stage and survival rate. Tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible, hepatocyte-specific STK33 transgenic and knockout mice models were used to study the role of STK33 in liver tumorigenesis. HCC cell lines were used to study the role of STK33 in cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS STK33 expression was found to be frequently upregulated in patients with HCC. Significant associations were found between increased expression of STK33 and advanced HCC staging and shorter disease-free survival of patients. Overexpression of STK33 increased HCC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, whereas suppression of STK33 inhibited this effect. Using a TAM-inducible, hepatocyte-specific STK33 transgenic mouse model, we found that overexpression of STK33 resulted in increased hepatocyte proliferation, leading to tumour cell burst. Using a TAM-inducible, hepatocyte-specific STK33 knockout mouse model, we found that, when subjected to the diethylnitrosamine (DEN) liver cancer bioassay, STK33KO(flox/flox, Alb-ERT2-Cre) mice exhibited a markedly lower incidence of tumour formation compared with control mice. The underlying mechanism may be that STK33 binds directly to c-Myc and increases its transcriptional activity. In particular, the C-terminus of STK33 blocks STK33/c-Myc association, downregulates HCC cell proliferation, and reduces DEN-induced liver tumour cell number and tumour size. CONCLUSIONS STK33 plays an essential role in hepatocellular proliferation and liver tumorigenesis. The C-terminus of STK33 could be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with STK33-overexpressed HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Song
- The 3rd Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Shun Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Hua Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Graham JR, Williams CMM, Yang Z. MicroRNA-27b targets gremlin 1 to modulate fibrotic responses in pulmonary cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1539-48. [PMID: 24633904 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic disease characterized by an excessive deposition of scar tissue in the affected organs. A central mediator of this process is transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which stimulates the production of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in both fibrosis as well as in TGF-β signaling, but the extent of their regulation has not been fully defined. A functional screen was conducted using a library of miRNA inhibitors to identify miRNAs that affect TGF-β-induced type I collagen expression, a key event in the development of fibrosis. The inhibition of one miRNA in particular, miR-27b, caused a significant increase in type I collagen expression. We found that miR-27b directly targets Gremlin 1 by binding to its 3'-UTR, reducing its mRNA levels. TGF-β signaling decreased miR-27b expression and caused a corresponding increase in Gremlin 1 levels, suggesting that TGF-β regulates Gremlin 1 expression in part by modulating miR-27b expression. Reducing Gremlin 1 levels by either siRNA-mediated gene silencing or by using the miR-27b mimic inhibited the expression of several genes known to be involved in fibrosis, while increasing Gremlin 1 levels by the addition of either recombinant protein or the miR-27b inhibitor enhanced the expression of these genes. In summary, we have demonstrated that miR-27b targets Gremlin 1, and that this regulation likely represents an important control point in fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Graham
- Inflammation and Remodeling Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02140
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18
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VanDussen KL, Marinshaw JM, Shaikh N, Miyoshi H, Moon C, Tarr PI, Ciorba MA, Stappenbeck TS. Development of an enhanced human gastrointestinal epithelial culture system to facilitate patient-based assays. Gut 2015; 64:911-20. [PMID: 25007816 PMCID: PMC4305344 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The technology for the growth of human intestinal epithelial cells is rapidly progressing. An exciting possibility is that this system could serve as a platform for individualised medicine and research. However, to achieve this goal, human epithelial culture must be enhanced so that biopsies from individuals can be used to reproducibly generate cell lines in a short time frame so that multiple, functional assays can be performed (ie, barrier function and host-microbial interactions). DESIGN We created a large panel of human gastrointestinal epithelial cell lines (n=65) from patient biopsies taken during routine upper and lower endoscopy procedures. Proliferative stem/progenitor cells were rapidly expanded using a high concentration of conditioned media containing the factors critical for growth (Wnt3a, R-spondin and Noggin). A combination of lower conditioned media concentration and Notch inhibition was used to differentiate these cells for additional assays. RESULTS We obtained epithelial lines from all accessible tissue sites within 2 weeks of culture. The intestinal cell lines were enriched for stem cell markers and rapidly grew as spheroids that required passage at 1:3-1:4 every 3 days. Under differentiation conditions, intestinal epithelial spheroids showed region-specific development of mature epithelial lineages. These cells formed functional, polarised monolayers covered by a secreted mucus layer when grown on Transwell membranes. Using two-dimensional culture, these cells also demonstrated novel adherence phenotypes with various strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS This culture system will facilitate the study of interindividual, functional studies of human intestinal epithelial cells, including host-microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Marinshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nurmohammad Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Clara Moon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Corresponding Authors: Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-362-4214, . Matthew A. Ciorba, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-362-9054,
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Corresponding Authors: Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8118, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-362-4214, . Matthew A. Ciorba, 660 S. Euclid, Box 8124, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-362-9054,
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Ng CCY, Tan J, Ong CK, Lim WK, Rajasegaran V, Nasir NDM, Lim JCT, Thike AA, Salahuddin SA, Iqbal J, Busmanis I, Chong APY, Teh BT, Tan PH. MED12 is frequently mutated in breast phyllodes tumours: a study of 112 cases. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:685-91. [PMID: 26018969 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the frequency of MED12 mutations in a series of 112 breast phyllodes tumours, and to correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes. METHODS Phyllodes tumours from the Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, were classified into benign, borderline and malignant categories. Genomic DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded phyllodes tumours was extracted, purified and subjected to ultra-deep-targeted amplicon sequencing across exon 2 of the MED12 gene. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing platform and bioinformatics analysis applied. Appropriate statistical analyses were carried out. RESULTS There were 66 benign, 32 borderline and 14 malignant tumours, with 43 (65.1%), 21 (65.6%) and 6 (42.8%) disclosing MED12 mutations (missense, splice site, indel), respectively. For 97 cases with available follow-up, there were 10 (10.3%) recurrences. Patients with phyllodes tumours that harboured MED12 mutations experienced improved disease-free survivals, with higher recurrence likelihood in those without MED12 mutations (HR 9.99, 95% CIs 1.55 to 64.42, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS Similar to fibroadenomas, phyllodes tumours show a high frequency of MED12 mutations, affirming the close biological relationship between these fibroepithelial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Chuan Young Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jing Tan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Weng Khong Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Vikneswari Rajasegaran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | | | | | - Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Jabed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Inny Busmanis
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore Division of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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20
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Zhang Q, Wang LQ, Wong KY, Li ZY, Chim CS. Infrequent DNA methylation of miR-9-1 and miR-9-3 in multiple myeloma. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:557-61. [PMID: 25855800 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The miR-9 family microRNAs (miRNAs) are tumour suppressor miRNAs implicated in carcinogenesis. We postulated that miR-9-1, miR-9-2 and miR-9-3 may be inactivated by aberrant promoter methylation in multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS Methylation of miR-9-1, miR-9-2 and miR-9-3 was studied by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in six normal controls, including three each of healthy peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow buffy coat, 10 MM cell lines, 62 primary MM marrow samples at diagnosis and 22 at relapse/progression. RESULTS MSP, verified by quantitative pyrosequencing, showed that the promoters of miR-9-3 and miR-9-1 were unmethylated in normal controls but methylated in 4 (40%) and 5 (50%) of 10 MM cell lines, respectively. However, the promoter of miR-9-2 was methylated in three normal PB buffy coat controls and in CD138-sorted healthy marrow plasma cells, indicating possibly tissue specific rather than tumour-specific methylation of miR-9-2, which was thus not studied further. In WL-2 cells, which were completely methylated for miR-9-3, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment caused miR-9-3 promoter demethylation and pri-miR-9-3 re-expression. In primary samples, methylation of miR-9-3 was detected in 1 of 62 patients at diagnosis and 1 of 22 patients at relapse/progression. However, miR-9-1 methylation was absent in both primary samples at diagnosis and at relapse/progression. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation of miR-9-3 and miR-9-1 is tumour-specific in MM, leading to reversible miRNA silencing. Frequent methylation of miR-9-3 and miR-9-1 in cell lines, but not in primary samples, may be acquired during in vitro culture, and indicates an unimportant role of miR-9 methylation in myelomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lu Qian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Yu Li
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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