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Knezevic L, Wachsmann TLA, Francis O, Dockree T, Bridgeman JS, Wouters A, de Wet B, Cole DK, Clement M, McLaren JE, Gostick E, Ladell K, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, van den Berg HA, Tabi Z, Sessions RB, Heemskerk MHM, Wooldridge L. High-affinity CD8 variants enhance the sensitivity of pMHCI antigen recognition via low-affinity TCRs. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104981. [PMID: 37390984 PMCID: PMC10432799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell-mediated recognition of peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI) molecules involves cooperative binding of the T cell receptor (TCR), which confers antigen specificity, and the CD8 coreceptor, which stabilizes the TCR/pMHCI complex. Earlier work has shown that the sensitivity of antigen recognition can be regulated in vitro by altering the strength of the pMHCI/CD8 interaction. Here, we characterized two CD8 variants with moderately enhanced affinities for pMHCI, aiming to boost antigen sensitivity without inducing non-specific activation. Expression of these CD8 variants in model systems preferentially enhanced pMHCI antigen recognition in the context of low-affinity TCRs. A similar effect was observed using primary CD4+ T cells transduced with cancer-targeting TCRs. The introduction of high-affinity CD8 variants also enhanced the functional sensitivity of primary CD8+ T cells expressing cancer-targeting TCRs, but comparable results were obtained using exogenous wild-type CD8. Specificity was retained in every case, with no evidence of reactivity in the absence of cognate antigen. Collectively, these findings highlight a generically applicable mechanism to enhance the sensitivity of low-affinity pMHCI antigen recognition, which could augment the therapeutic efficacy of clinically relevant TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Knezevic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tassilo L A Wachsmann
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ore Francis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tamsin Dockree
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Anne Wouters
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - David K Cole
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Immunocore, Abingdon, UK
| | - Mathew Clement
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Oruganti S, Rodrigues PRS, White D, Watkins WJ, Shapey S, Barrow A, Al Samsam R, Ali S, Gajraj M, Skone R, Jardine M, Evans J, Struik S, Song JE, Abood L, Paquete B, Foulkes S, Saunders B, Strang A, Kotecha SJ, Phillips B, Evans A, Buchanan I, Bowes S, Ali B, Gore M, Thomas-Turner R, Andrews R, Zaher S, Sharma S, Chakraborty M, Parkinson E, Liberatore F, Woolley T, Edkins S, Davies LC, Moet L, McLaren JE, Watson GL, O'Donnell V, Hood K, Ghazal P. Immune and metabolic markers for identifying and investigating severe Coronavirus disease and Sepsis in children and young people (pSeP/COVID ChYP study): protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067002. [PMID: 36972964 PMCID: PMC10069273 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early recognition and appropriate management of paediatric sepsis are known to improve outcomes. A previous system's biology investigation of the systemic immune response in neonates to sepsis identified immune and metabolic markers that showed high accuracy for detecting bacterial infection. Further gene expression markers have also been reported previously in the paediatric age group for discriminating sepsis from control cases. More recently, specific gene signatures were identified to discriminate between COVID-19 and its associated inflammatory sequelae. Through the current prospective cohort study, we aim to evaluate immune and metabolic blood markers which discriminate between sepses (including COVID-19) from other acute illnesses in critically unwell children and young persons, up to 18 years of age. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We describe a prospective cohort study for comparing the immune and metabolic whole-blood markers in patients with sepsis, COVID-19 and other illnesses. Clinical phenotyping and blood culture test results will provide a reference standard to evaluate the performance of blood markers from the research sample analysis. Serial sampling of whole blood (50 μL each) will be collected from children admitted to intensive care and with an acute illness to follow time dependent changes in biomarkers. An integrated lipidomics and RNASeq transcriptomics analyses will be conducted to evaluate immune-metabolic networks that discriminate sepsis and COVID-19 from other acute illnesses. This study received approval for deferred consent. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received research ethics committee approval from the Yorkshire and Humber Leeds West Research Ethics Committee 2 (reference 20/YH/0214; IRAS reference 250612). Submission of study results for publication will involve making available all anonymised primary and processed data on public repository sites. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04904523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Oruganti
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Daniel White
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - William John Watkins
- Cochrane Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Selyf Shapey
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anna Barrow
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rim Al Samsam
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sara Ali
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malcolm Gajraj
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Skone
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michelle Jardine
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer Evans
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Siske Struik
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jong Eun Song
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Barbara Paquete
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sian Foulkes
- Paediatric Critical Care Unit, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Benjamin Saunders
- Infectious Diseases services for Wales, Noah's Ark Children's Hospital for Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Bethan Phillips
- Children's and Young Adults Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Awen Evans
- Children's and Young Adults Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Iona Buchanan
- Children's and Young Adults Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Susan Bowes
- Children's and Young Adults Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Begum Ali
- Children's and Young Adults Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maya Gore
- Children's and Young Adults Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rhian Thomas-Turner
- Children's and Young Adults Research Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Summia Zaher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simran Sharma
- Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Women's Unit, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Edkins
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Linda Moet
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Valerie O'Donnell
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kerry Hood
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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3
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Shepherd FR, Davies K, Miners KL, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Kollnberger S, Redman JE, Grant MM, Ladell K, Price DA, McLaren JE. The superantigens SpeC and TSST-1 specifically activate TRBV12-3/12-4 + memory T cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:78. [PMID: 36670205 PMCID: PMC9854414 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe bacterial or viral infections can induce a state of immune hyperactivation that can culminate in a potentially lethal cytokine storm. The classic example is toxic shock syndrome, a life-threatening complication of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes infection, which is driven by potent toxins known as superantigens (SAgs). SAgs are thought to promote immune evasion via the promiscuous activation of T cells, which subsequently become hyporesponsive, and act by cross-linking major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells to particular β-chain variable (TRBV) regions of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs). Although some of these interactions have been defined previously, our knowledge of SAg-responsive TRBV regions is incomplete. In this study, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing TRBV12-3/12-4+ TCRs were highly responsive to streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SpeC) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). In particular, SpeC and TSST-1 specifically induced effector cytokine production and the upregulation of multiple coinhibitory receptors among TRBV12-3/12-4+ CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells, and importantly, these biological responses were dependent on human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR. Collectively, these data provided evidence of functionally determinative and therapeutically relevant interactions between SpeC and TSST-1 and CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells expressing TRBV12-3/12-4+ TCRs, mediated via HLA-DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya R. Shepherd
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate Davies
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly L. Miners
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Kollnberger
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E. Redman
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Melissa M. Grant
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A. Price
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK ,grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E. McLaren
- grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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4
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Sharma S, Zaher S, Rodrigues PRS, Davies LC, Edkins S, Strang A, Chakraborty M, Watkins WJ, Andrews R, Parkinson E, Angelopoulos N, Moet L, Shepherd F, Davies KMM, White D, Oram S, Siddall K, Keeping V, Simpson K, Faggian F, Bray M, Bertorelli C, Bell S, Collis RE, McLaren JE, Labeta M, O'Donnell VB, Ghazal P. mSep: investigating physiological and immune-metabolic biomarkers in septic and healthy pregnant women to predict feto-maternal immune health - a prospective observational cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066382. [PMID: 36115679 PMCID: PMC9486348 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal sepsis remains a leading cause of death in pregnancy. Physiological adaptations to pregnancy obscure early signs of sepsis and can result in delays in recognition and treatment. Identifying biomarkers that can reliably diagnose sepsis will reduce morbidity and mortality and antibiotic overuse. We have previously identified an immune-metabolic biomarker network comprising three pathways with a >99% accuracy for detecting bacterial neonatal sepsis. In this prospective study, we will describe physiological parameters and novel biomarkers in two cohorts-healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with suspected sepsis-with the aim of mapping pathophysiological drivers and evaluating predictive biomarkers for diagnosing maternal sepsis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Women aged over 18 with an ultrasound-confirmed pregnancy will be recruited to a pilot and two main study cohorts. The pilot will involve blood sample collection from 30 pregnant women undergoing an elective caesarean section. Cohort A will follow 100 healthy pregnant women throughout their pregnancy journey, with collection of blood samples from participants at routine time points in their pregnancy: week 12 'booking', week 28 and during labour. Cohort B will follow 100 pregnant women who present with suspected sepsis in pregnancy or labour and will have at least two blood samples taken during their care pathway. Study blood samples will be collected during routine clinical blood sampling. Detailed medical history and physiological parameters at the time of blood sampling will be recorded, along with the results of routine biochemical tests, including C reactive protein, lactate and white blood cell count. In addition, study blood samples will be processed and analysed for transcriptomic, lipidomic and metabolomic analyses and both qualitative and functional immunophenotyping. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Wales Research Ethics Committee 2 (SPON1752-19, 30 October 2019). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05023954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
| | - Summia Zaher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
| | - Patrícia R S Rodrigues
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luke C Davies
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Angela Strang
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mallinath Chakraborty
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales Healthcare NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - W John Watkins
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Andrews
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Edward Parkinson
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicos Angelopoulos
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Linda Moet
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Freya Shepherd
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate Megan Megan Davies
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel White
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shaun Oram
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate Siddall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vikki Keeping
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kathryn Simpson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Federica Faggian
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maryanne Bray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Claire Bertorelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Bell
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Wales Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel E Collis
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Anaesthetics, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mario Labeta
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Project Sepsis, Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff, UK
- Cardiff Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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5
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Pymm P, Tenzer S, Wee E, Weimershaus M, Burgevin A, Kollnberger S, Gerstoft J, Josephs TM, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Appay V, Price DA, Fugger L, Bell JI, Schild H, van Endert P, Harkiolaki M, Iversen AKN. Epitope length variants balance protective immune responses and viral escape in HIV-1 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110449. [PMID: 35235807 PMCID: PMC9631117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell responses to a single optimal 10-mer epitope (KK10) in the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) protein p24Gag are associated with enhanced immune control in patients expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B∗27:05. We find that proteasomal activity generates multiple length variants of KK10 (4-14 amino acids), which bind TAP and HLA-B∗27:05. However, only epitope forms ≥8 amino acids evoke peptide length-specific and cross-reactive CTL responses. Structural analyses reveal that all epitope forms bind HLA-B∗27:05 via a conserved N-terminal motif, and competition experiments show that the truncated epitope forms outcompete immunogenic epitope forms for binding to HLA-B∗27:05. Common viral escape mutations abolish (L136M) or impair (R132K) production of KK10 and longer epitope forms. Peptide length influences how well the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR3DL1 binds HLA-B∗27:05 peptide complexes and how intraepitope mutations affect this interaction. These results identify a viral escape mechanism from CTL and NK responses based on differential antigen processing and peptide competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Pymm
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, 1G Royalparade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Edmund Wee
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mirjana Weimershaus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Burgevin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Simon Kollnberger
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, The National University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Victor Appay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Tenovus Building, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - John I Bell
- Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine, The Richard Doll Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Structural Biology Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, OX11 0DE Didcot, UK
| | - Astrid K N Iversen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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6
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Misheva M, Kotzamanis K, Davies LC, Tyrrell VJ, Rodrigues PRS, Benavides GA, Hinz C, Murphy RC, Kennedy P, Taylor PR, Rosas M, Jones SA, McLaren JE, Deshpande S, Andrews R, Schebb NH, Czubala MA, Gurney M, Aldrovandi M, Meckelmann SW, Ghazal P, Darley-Usmar V, White DA, O'Donnell VB. Oxylipin metabolism is controlled by mitochondrial β-oxidation during bacterial inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:139. [PMID: 35013270 PMCID: PMC8748967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are potent biological mediators requiring strict control, but how they are removed en masse during infection and inflammation is unknown. Here we show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dynamically enhances oxylipin removal via mitochondrial β-oxidation. Specifically, genetic or pharmacological targeting of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), a mitochondrial importer of fatty acids, reveal that many oxylipins are removed by this protein during inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Using stable isotope-tracing lipidomics, we find secretion-reuptake recycling for 12-HETE and its intermediate metabolites. Meanwhile, oxylipin β-oxidation is uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation, thus not contributing to energy generation. Testing for genetic control checkpoints, transcriptional interrogation of human neonatal sepsis finds upregulation of many genes involved in mitochondrial removal of long-chain fatty acyls, such as ACSL1,3,4, ACADVL, CPT1B, CPT2 and HADHB. Also, ACSL1/Acsl1 upregulation is consistently observed following the treatment of human/murine macrophages with LPS and IFN-γ. Last, dampening oxylipin levels by β-oxidation is suggested to impact on their regulation of leukocyte functions. In summary, we propose mitochondrial β-oxidation as a regulatory metabolic checkpoint for oxylipins during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Misheva
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Konstantinos Kotzamanis
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luke C Davies
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Patricia R S Rodrigues
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Christine Hinz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Paul Kennedy
- Cayman Chemical, 1180 E Ellsworth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcela Rosas
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon A Jones
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sumukh Deshpande
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Andrews
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Chair of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gausstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Magdalena A Czubala
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Gurney
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Daniel A White
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, and School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN, Cardiff, UK.
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7
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Chakraborty M, Rodrigues PRS, Watkins WJ, Hayward A, Sharma A, Hayward R, Smit E, Jones R, Goel N, Asokkumar A, Calvert J, Odd D, Morris I, Doherty C, Elliott S, Strang A, Andrews R, Zaher S, Sharma S, Bell S, Oruganti S, Smith C, Orme J, Edkins S, Craigon M, White D, Dantoft W, Davies LC, Moet L, McLaren JE, Clarkstone S, Watson GL, Hood K, Kotecha S, Morgan BP, O'Donnell VB, Ghazal P. nSeP: immune and metabolic biomarkers for early detection of neonatal sepsis-protocol for a prospective multicohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050100. [PMID: 37010923 PMCID: PMC8718461 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosing neonatal sepsis is heavily dependent on clinical phenotyping as culture-positive body fluid has poor sensitivity, and existing blood biomarkers have poor specificity.A combination of machine learning, statistical and deep pathway biology analyses led to the identification of a tripartite panel of biologically connected immune and metabolic markers that showed greater than 99% accuracy for detecting bacterial infection with 100% sensitivity. The cohort study described here is designed as a large-scale clinical validation of this previous work. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This multicentre observational study will prospectively recruit a total of 1445 newborn infants (all gestations)-1084 with suspected early-or late-onset sepsis, and 361 controls-over 4 years. A small volume of whole blood will be collected from infants with suspected sepsis at the time of presentation. This sample will be used for integrated transcriptomic, lipidomic and targeted proteomics profiling. In addition, a subset of samples will be subjected to cellular phenotype and proteomic analyses. A second sample from the same patient will be collected at 24 hours, with an opportunistic sampling for stool culture. For control infants, only one set of blood and stool sample will be collected to coincide with clinical blood sampling. Along with detailed clinical information, blood and stool samples will be analysed and the information will be used to identify and validate the efficacy of immune-metabolic networks in the diagnosis of bacterial neonatal sepsis and to identify new host biomarkers for viral sepsis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has received research ethics committee approval from the Wales Research Ethics Committee 2 (reference 19/WA/0008) and operational approval from Health and Care Research Wales. Submission of study results for publication will involve making available all anonymised primary and processed data on public repository sites. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03777670.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallinath Chakraborty
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - W John Watkins
- Department of Statistics, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Angela Hayward
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alok Sharma
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Hayward
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elisa Smit
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rebekka Jones
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nitin Goel
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amar Asokkumar
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer Calvert
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - David Odd
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian Morris
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Cora Doherty
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sian Elliott
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Angela Strang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Andrews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Summia Zaher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simran Sharma
- Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Women's unit, Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Bell
- Department of Anaesthetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Siva Oruganti
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Claire Smith
- Simpsons Special Cary Baby Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith Orme
- Simpsons Special Cary Baby Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Edkins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marie Craigon
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel White
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Widad Dantoft
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luke C Davies
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Linda Moet
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samantha Clarkstone
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gareth L Watson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kerenza Hood
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Department of Systems Medicine, Medical School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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8
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Campion SL, Brenna E, Thomson E, Fischer W, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Price DA, Frahm N, McElrath JM, Cohen KW, Maenza JR, Walsh SR, Baden LR, Haynes BF, Korber B, Borrow P, McMichael AJ. Preexisting memory CD4+ T cells contribute to the primary response in an HIV-1 vaccine trial. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e150823. [PMID: 34850742 PMCID: PMC8631594 DOI: 10.1172/jci150823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive and memory CD4+ T cells reactive with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are detectable in unexposed, unimmunized individuals. The contribution of preexisting CD4+ T cells to a primary immune response was investigated in 20 HIV-1-seronegative volunteers vaccinated with an HIV-1 envelope (Env) plasmid DNA prime and recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) boost in the HVTN 106 vaccine trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02296541). Prevaccination naive or memory CD4+ T cell responses directed against peptide epitopes in Env were identified in 14 individuals. After priming with DNA, 40% (8/20) of the elicited responses matched epitopes detected in the corresponding preimmunization memory repertoires, and clonotypes were shared before and after vaccination in 2 representative volunteers. In contrast, there were no shared epitope specificities between the preimmunization memory compartment and responses detected after boosting with recombinant MVA expressing a heterologous Env. Preexisting memory CD4+ T cells therefore shape the early immune response to vaccination with a previously unencountered HIV-1 antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L. Campion
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Brenna
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Thomson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Will Fischer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - David A. Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity and
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Juliana M. McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janine R. Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen R. Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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9
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Brenna E, Davydov AN, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Bonaiuti P, Metsger M, Ramsden JD, Gilbert SC, Lambe T, Price DA, Campion SL, Chudakov DM, Borrow P, McMichael AJ. CD4 + T Follicular Helper Cells in Human Tonsils and Blood Are Clonally Convergent but Divergent from Non-Tfh CD4 + Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:137-152.e5. [PMID: 31914381 PMCID: PMC7029615 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are fundamental for B cell selection and antibody maturation in germinal centers. Circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells constitute a minor proportion of the CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood, but their clonotypic relationship to Tfh populations resident in lymph nodes and the extent to which they differ from non-Tfh CD4+ cells have been unclear. Using donor-matched blood and tonsil samples, we investigate T cell receptor (TCR) sharing between tonsillar Tfh cells and peripheral Tfh and non-Tfh cell populations. TCR transcript sequencing reveals considerable clonal overlap between peripheral and tonsillar Tfh cell subsets as well as a clear distinction between Tfh and non-Tfh cells. Furthermore, influenza-specific cTfh cell clones derived from blood can be found in the repertoire of tonsillar Tfh cells. Therefore, human blood samples can be used to gain insight into the specificity of Tfh responses occurring in lymphoid tissues, provided that cTfh subsets are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Brenna
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Alexey N Davydov
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno 601 77, Czech Republic
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Paolo Bonaiuti
- Istituto Firc di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano 20139, Italy
| | - Maria Metsger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno 601 77, Czech Republic
| | | | - Sarah C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Suzanne L Campion
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno 601 77, Czech Republic; Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
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10
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Edwards SC, Sutton CE, Ladell K, Grant EJ, McLaren JE, Roche F, Dash P, Apiwattanakul N, Awad W, Miners KL, Lalor SJ, Ribot JC, Baik S, Moran B, McGinley A, Pivorunas V, Dowding L, Macoritto M, Paez-Cortez J, Slavin A, Anderson G, Silva-Santos B, Hokamp K, Price DA, Thomas PG, McLoughlin RM, Mills KHG. A population of proinflammatory T cells coexpresses αβ and γδ T cell receptors in mice and humans. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133848. [PMID: 32106283 PMCID: PMC7201916 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are classically recognized as distinct subsets that express αβ or γδ TCRs. We identify a novel population of T cells that coexpress αβ and γδ TCRs in mice and humans. These hybrid αβ-γδ T cells arose in the murine fetal thymus by day 16 of ontogeny, underwent αβ TCR-mediated positive selection into CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes, and constituted up to 10% of TCRδ+ cells in lymphoid organs. They expressed high levels of IL-1R1 and IL-23R and secreted IFN-γ, IL-17, and GM-CSF in response to canonically restricted peptide antigens or stimulation with IL-1β and IL-23. Hybrid αβ-γδ T cells were transcriptomically distinct from conventional γδ T cells and displayed a hyperinflammatory phenotype enriched for chemokine receptors and homing molecules that facilitate migration to sites of inflammation. These proinflammatory T cells promoted bacterial clearance after infection with Staphylococcus aureus and, by licensing encephalitogenic Th17 cells, played a key role in the development of autoimmune disease in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Edwards
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline E Sutton
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma J Grant
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fiona Roche
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Walid Awad
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kelly L Miners
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen J Lalor
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Song Baik
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Barry Moran
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife McGinley
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Starke CE, Vinton CL, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Ortiz AM, Mudd JC, Flynn JK, Lai SH, Wu F, Hirsch VM, Darko S, Douek DC, Price DA, Brenchley JM. SIV-specific CD8+ T cells are clonotypically distinct across lymphoid and mucosal tissues. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:789-798. [PMID: 31661461 DOI: 10.1172/jci129161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell responses are necessary for immune control of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). However, the key parameters that dictate antiviral potency remain elusive, conceivably because most studies to date have been restricted to analyses of circulating CD8+ T cells. We conducted a detailed clonotypic, functional, and phenotypic survey of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells across multiple anatomical sites in chronically infected rhesus macaques with high (>10,000 copies/mL plasma) or low burdens of viral RNA (<10,000 copies/mL plasma). No significant differences in response magnitude were identified across anatomical compartments. Rhesus macaques with low viral loads (VLs) harbored higher frequencies of polyfunctional CXCR5+ SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in various lymphoid tissues and higher proportions of unique Gag-specific CD8+ T cell clonotypes in the mesenteric lymph nodes relative to rhesus macaques with high VLs. In addition, public Gag-specific CD8+ T cell clonotypes were more commonly shared across distinct anatomical sites than the corresponding private clonotypes, which tended to form tissue-specific repertoires, especially in the peripheral blood and the gastrointestinal tract. Collectively, these data suggest that functionality and tissue localization are important determinants of CD8+ T cell-mediated efficacy against SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly E Starke
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol L Vinton
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Ortiz
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph C Mudd
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacob K Flynn
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen H Lai
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fan Wu
- Nonhuman Primate Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, and
| | - Vanessa M Hirsch
- Nonhuman Primate Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, and
| | - Samuel Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Narayanan GA, McLaren JE, Meermeier EW, Ladell K, Swarbrick GM, Price DA, Tran JG, Worley AH, Vogt T, Wong EB, Lewinsohn DM. The MAIT TCRβ chain contributes to discrimination of microbial ligand. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:770-781. [PMID: 32568415 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are key players in the immune response against microbial infection. The MAIT T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes a diverse array of microbial ligands, and recent reports have highlighted the variability in the MAIT TCR that could further contribute to discrimination of ligand. The MAIT TCR complementarity determining region (CDR)3β sequence displays a high level of diversity across individuals, and clonotype usage appears to be dependent on antigenic exposure. To address the relationship between the MAIT TCR and microbial ligand, we utilized a previously defined panel of MAIT cell clones that demonstrated variability in responses against different microbial infections. Sequencing of these clones revealed four pairs, each with shared (identical) CDR3α and different CDR3β sequences. These pairs demonstrated varied responses against microbially infected dendritic cells as well as against 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil, a ligand abundant in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting that the CDR3β contributes to differences in ligand discrimination. Taken together, these results highlight a key role for the MAIT CDR3β region in distinguishing between MR1-bound antigens and ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali A Narayanan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erin W Meermeier
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gwendolyn M Swarbrick
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,VA Portland Health Care Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Todd Vogt
- VA Portland Health Care Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily B Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,VA Portland Health Care Center, Portland, OR, USA
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13
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Pearson FE, Tullett KM, Leal-Rojas IM, Haigh OL, Masterman KA, Walpole C, Bridgeman JS, McLaren JE, Ladell K, Miners K, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Tunger A, Schmitz M, Miles JJ, Lahoud MH, Radford KJ. Human CLEC9A antibodies deliver Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) antigen to CD141 + dendritic cells to activate naïve and memory WT1-specific CD8 + T cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1141. [PMID: 32547743 PMCID: PMC7292901 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vaccines that prime Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1)‐specific CD8+ T cells are attractive cancer immunotherapies. However, immunogenicity and clinical response rates may be enhanced by delivering WT1 to CD141+ dendritic cells (DCs). The C‐type lectin‐like receptor CLEC9A is expressed exclusively by CD141+ DCs and regulates CD8+ T‐cell responses. We developed a new vaccine comprising a human anti‐CLEC9A antibody fused to WT1 and investigated its capacity to target human CD141+ DCs and activate naïve and memory WT1‐specific CD8+ T cells. Methods WT1 was genetically fused to antibodies specific for human CLEC9A, DEC‐205 or β‐galactosidase (untargeted control). Activation of WT1‐specific CD8+ T‐cell lines following cross‐presentation by CD141+ DCs was quantified by IFNγ ELISPOT. Humanised mice reconstituted with human immune cell subsets, including a repertoire of naïve WT1‐specific CD8+ T cells, were used to investigate naïve WT1‐specific CD8+ T‐cell priming. Results The CLEC9A‐WT1 vaccine promoted cross‐presentation of WT1 epitopes to CD8+ T cells and mediated priming of naïve CD8+ T cells more effectively than the DEC‐205‐WT1 and untargeted control‐WT1 vaccines. Conclusions Delivery of WT1 to CD141+ DCs via CLEC9A stimulates CD8+ T cells more potently than either untargeted delivery or widespread delivery to all Ag‐presenting cells via DEC‐205, suggesting that cross‐presentation by CD141+ DCs is sufficient for effective CD8+ T‐cell priming in humans. The CLEC9A‐WT1 vaccine is a promising candidate immunotherapy for malignancies that express WT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Pearson
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba Australia 4102 Australia
| | - Kirsteen M Tullett
- Infection and Immunity Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Ingrid M Leal-Rojas
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba Australia 4102 Australia
| | - Oscar L Haigh
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba Australia 4102 Australia
| | - Kelly-Anne Masterman
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba Australia 4102 Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba Australia 4102 Australia
| | - John S Bridgeman
- Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK
| | - Kelly Miners
- Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK.,Systems Immunity Research Institute Cardiff University School of Medicine Cardiff UK
| | - Antje Tunger
- Institute of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universistät Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Institute of Immunology Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universistät Dresden Dresden Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universistät Dresden Dresden Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - John J Miles
- Australian Institute of Health and Medical Research James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Cancer Immunotherapies Laboratory Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba Australia 4102 Australia
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14
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Shugay M, Bagaev DV, Zvyagin IV, Vroomans RM, Crawford JC, Dolton G, Komech EA, Sycheva AL, Koneva AE, Egorov ES, Eliseev AV, Van Dyk E, Dash P, Attaf M, Rius C, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Matthews KK, Clemens EB, Douek DC, Luciani F, van Baarle D, Kedzierska K, Kesmir C, Thomas PG, Price DA, Sewell AK, Chudakov DM. VDJdb: a curated database of T-cell receptor sequences with known antigen specificity. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:D419-D427. [PMID: 28977646 PMCID: PMC5753233 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to decode antigen specificities encapsulated in the sequences of rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR) genes is critical for our understanding of the adaptive immune system and promises significant advances in the field of translational medicine. Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing methods (immune repertoire sequencing technology, or RepSeq) and single-cell RNA sequencing technology have allowed us to obtain huge numbers of TCR sequences from donor samples and link them to T-cell phenotypes. However, our ability to annotate these TCR sequences still lags behind, owing to the enormous diversity of the TCR repertoire and the scarcity of available data on T-cell specificities. In this paper, we present VDJdb, a database that stores and aggregates the results of published T-cell specificity assays and provides a universal platform that couples antigen specificities with TCR sequences. We demonstrate that VDJdb is a versatile instrument for the annotation of TCR repertoire data, enabling a concatenated view of antigen-specific TCR sequence motifs. VDJdb can be accessed at https://vdjdb.cdr3.net and https://github.com/antigenomics/vdjdb-db.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Shugay
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno 60177, Czech Republic.,Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V Bagaev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ivan V Zvyagin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Renske M Vroomans
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3512 JE, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Garry Dolton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ekaterina A Komech
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasiya L Sycheva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anna E Koneva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeniy S Egorov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Alexey V Eliseev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ewald Van Dyk
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3512 JE, The Netherlands
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meriem Attaf
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Cristina Rius
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Katherine K Matthews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fabio Luciani
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, Kirby Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Can Kesmir
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3512 JE, The Netherlands
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno 60177, Czech Republic.,Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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15
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Meckiff BJ, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Ryan GB, Leese AM, James EA, Price DA, Long HM. Primary EBV Infection Induces an Acute Wave of Activated Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic CD4 + T Cells. J Immunol 2019; 203:1276-1287. [PMID: 31308093 PMCID: PMC6697742 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary EBV infection drives highly cytotoxic virus-specific CD4+ T cell responses. EBV-specific memory CD4+ T cells are polyfunctional but lack cytotoxic activity. Acute EBV-specific CD4-CTLs differ transcriptionally from classical memory CD4-CTLs.
CD4+ T cells are essential for immune protection against viruses, yet their multiple roles remain ill-defined at the single-cell level in humans. Using HLA class II tetramers, we studied the functional properties and clonotypic architecture of EBV-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with infectious mononucleosis, a symptomatic manifestation of primary EBV infection, and in long-term healthy carriers of EBV. We found that primary infection elicited oligoclonal expansions of TH1-like EBV-specific CD4+ T cells armed with cytotoxic proteins that responded immediately ex vivo to challenge with EBV-infected B cells. Importantly, these acutely generated cytotoxic CD4+ T cells were highly activated and transcriptionally distinct from classically described cytotoxic CD4+ memory T cells that accumulate during other persistent viral infections, including CMV and HIV. In contrast, EBV-specific memory CD4+ T cells displayed increased cytokine polyfunctionality but lacked cytotoxic activity. These findings suggested an important effector role for acutely generated cytotoxic CD4+ T cells that could potentially be harnessed to improve the efficacy of vaccines against EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Meckiff
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gordon B Ryan
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Leese
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Eddie A James
- Tetramer Core Laboratory, Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Heather M Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
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16
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Wong EB, Gold MC, Meermeier EW, Xulu BZ, Khuzwayo S, Sullivan ZA, Mahyari E, Rogers Z, Kløverpris H, Sharma PK, Worley AH, Lalloo U, Baijnath P, Ambaram A, Naidoo L, Suleman M, Madansein R, McLaren JE, Ladell K, Miners KL, Price DA, Behar SM, Nielsen M, Kasprowicz VO, Leslie A, Bishai WR, Ndung’u T, Lewinsohn DM. TRAV1-2 + CD8 + T-cells including oligoconal expansions of MAIT cells are enriched in the airways in human tuberculosis. Commun Biol 2019; 2:203. [PMID: 31231693 PMCID: PMC6549148 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells typically express a TRAV1-2+ semi-invariant TCRα that enables recognition of bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal riboflavin metabolites presented by MR1. MAIT cells are associated with immune control of bacterial and mycobacterial infections in murine models. Here, we report that a population of pro-inflammatory TRAV1-2+ CD8+ T cells are present in the airways and lungs of healthy individuals and are enriched in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). High-throughput T cell receptor analysis reveals oligoclonal expansions of canonical and donor-unique TRAV1-2+ MAIT-consistent TCRα sequences within this population. Some of these cells demonstrate MR1-restricted mycobacterial reactivity and phenotypes suggestive of MAIT cell identity. These findings demonstrate enrichment of TRAV1-2+ CD8+ T cells with MAIT or MAIT-like features in the airways during active TB and suggest a role for these cells in the human pulmonary immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marielle C. Gold
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Erin W. Meermeier
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Bongiwe Z. Xulu
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Sharon Khuzwayo
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Eisa Mahyari
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BCB), Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology (DMICE), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Zoe Rogers
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Hénrik Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Umesh Lalloo
- Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prinita Baijnath
- Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anish Ambaram
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Leon Naidoo
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moosa Suleman
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pulmonology & Critical Care, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - James E. McLaren
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - Kelly L. Miners
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - David A. Price
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales UK
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland USA
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria O. Kasprowicz
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - William R. Bishai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thumbi Ndung’u
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA USA
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
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17
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Codd AS, Al-Taei S, Tokita S, Mizushima E, Rizkallah PJ, Whalley T, Szomolay B, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Kanaseki T, Torigoe T, Man S, Tabi Z. Abstract B007: Identification of prostate cancer stem cell antigens for T-cell immunotherapy by HLA ligandome analysis. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-b007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Localized prostate cancer (PCa) can be successfully treated by androgen deprivation, radiotherapy and surgery, however these may not be sufficient to eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are more resistant to such treatments than the bulk of the tumor; and can contribute to disease relapse. PCa patients who relapse have a poor prognosis. We hypothesize that CSCs could be killed by T-cells in an antigen specific way, thus preventing the possibility of relapse. In this study we identified novel PCa CSC antigens by HLA ligandome analysis and isolated antigen specific CD8+ T-cells. Methods: We identified CSCs using aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity as a CSC marker. ALDH high and low cells from the DU145 PCa cell line and from prostate adenocarcinoma primary tissue were characterized in vitro; DU145 CSCs and non-CSCs were additionally characterized in vivo. We isolated peptide-HLA complexes from DU145 cells by immunoprecipitation and analyzed the eluted peptides by mass spectrometry. We identified CSC antigens based on the gene expression in ALDH high and low DU145 cells (measured by qPCR). To select antigens for further analysis we performed homology modelling of the HLA-peptide interface using COOT software and the YASARA server for energy minimization. The interface interactions were quantified using PISA software. We additionally confirmed antigen expression in the primary cells by fluorescence microscopy and PCR. Tetramers were produced to isolate T-cells which recognized a selection of these antigens. Results: The ligandome analysis identified over 1900 peptides. We selected antigens with low gene expression in healthy tissues (www.GTexportal.org) and high predicted binding to DU145 HLA alleles (http://tools.immuneepitope.org/mhci/). ALDH high DU145 cells were more tumorigenic in vivo than ALDH low cells. ALDH high DU145 and primary prostate cancer cells grew larger colonies and spheres in vitro. We identified 11 CSC antigens by qPCR; 6 upregulated in ALDH high DU145 cells (e.g., TACSTD2) and 5 abundant in both ALDH high and ALDH low DU145 cells (e.g., XPO1). Relevant 9-mer epitopes from three antigens* induced CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro. Antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells were identified by tetramer staining at a frequency of approx. 15 per 100000 cells. These cells are currently being expanded to use in CTL assays. Conclusion: We have identified CSC antigens which could lead to specific targeting by T-cells and prevention of PCa relapse. Further epitopes restricted to the more frequent HLA alleles could additionally be predicted in silico from the novel antigens we identified. We are also investigating prediction of viral epitopes highly aligned with the self-peptides (determined in silico) to boost the immune response against CSCs. *Subject of an ongoing patent application.
Citation Format: Amy S. Codd, Saly Al-Taei, Serina Tokita, Emi Mizushima, Pierre J. Rizkallah, Tom Whalley, Barbara Szomolay, Kristin Ladell, James E. McLaren, Sian Llewellyn-Lacey, David A. Price, Takayuki Kanaseki, Toshihiko Torigoe, Stephen Man, Zsuzsanna Tabi. Identification of prostate cancer stem cell antigens for T-cell immunotherapy by HLA ligandome analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Codd
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saly Al-Taei
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Serina Tokita
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emi Mizushima
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Pierre J. Rizkallah
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tom Whalley
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Barbara Szomolay
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - James E. McLaren
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - David A. Price
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Stephen Man
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zsuzsanna Tabi
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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McLaren JE, Clement M, Marsden M, Miners KL, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Grant EJ, Rubina A, Gimeno Brias S, Gostick E, Stacey MA, Orr SJ, Stanton RJ, Ladell K, Price DA, Humphreys IR. IL-33 Augments Virus-Specific Memory T Cell Inflation and Potentiates the Efficacy of an Attenuated Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccine. J Immunol 2019; 202:943-955. [PMID: 30635396 PMCID: PMC6341181 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Candidate vaccines designed to generate T cell-based immunity are typically vectored by nonpersistent viruses, which largely fail to elicit durable effector memory T cell responses. This limitation can be overcome using recombinant strains of CMV. Proof-of-principle studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of this approach, most notably in the SIV model, but safety concerns require the development of nonreplicating alternatives with comparable immunogenicity. In this study, we show that IL-33 promotes the accumulation and recall kinetics of circulating and tissue-resident memory T cells in mice infected with murine CMV. Using a replication-deficient murine CMV vector, we further show that exogenous IL-33 boosts vaccine-induced memory T cell responses, which protect against subsequent heterologous viral challenge. These data suggest that IL-33 could serve as a useful adjuvant to improve the efficacy of vaccines based on attenuated derivatives of CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom;
| | - Mathew Clement
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan Marsden
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly L Miners
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Grant
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; and
| | - Anzelika Rubina
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Gimeno Brias
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A Stacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda J Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
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19
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Li N, van Unen V, Abdelaal T, Guo N, Kasatskaya SA, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Egorov ES, Izraelson M, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Höllt T, Britanova OV, Eggermont J, de Miranda NFCC, Chudakov DM, Price DA, Lelieveldt BPF, Koning F. Memory CD4 + T cells are generated in the human fetal intestine. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:301-312. [PMID: 30664737 PMCID: PMC6420108 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The fetus is thought to be protected from exposure to foreign antigens,
yet CD45RO+ T cells reside in the fetal intestine. Here we combined
functional assays with mass cytometry, single-cell RNA-sequencing and
high-throughput T cell antigen receptor (TCR) sequencing to characterize the
CD4+ T cell compartment in the human fetal intestine. We
identified 22 CD4+ T cell clusters, including naive-like,
regulatory-like and memory-like subpopulations, which were confirmed and further
characterized at the transcriptional level. Memory-like CD4+ T cells
had high expression of Ki-67, indicative of cell division, and CD5, a surrogate
marker of TCR avidity, and produced the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2. Pathway
analysis revealed a differentiation trajectory associated with cellular
activation and proinflammatory effector functions, and TCR repertoire analysis
indicated clonal expansions, distinct repertoire characteristics and
interconnections between subpopulations of memory-like CD4+ T cells.
Imaging-mass cytometry indicated that memory-like CD4+ T cells
colocalized with antigen-presenting cells. Collectively, these results provide
evidence for the generation of memory-like CD4+ T cells in the human
fetal intestine that is consistent with exposure to foreign antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tamim Abdelaal
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Nannan Guo
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sofya A Kasatskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Evgeny S Egorov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mark Izraelson
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Höllt
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Computer Graphics and Visualization Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Olga V Britanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jeroen Eggermont
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Centre for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,MiLaboratory LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, Russia.,Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Boudewijn P F Lelieveldt
- Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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20
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Culina S, Lalanne AI, Afonso G, Cerosaletti K, Pinto S, Sebastiani G, Kuranda K, Nigi L, Eugster A, Østerbye T, Maugein A, McLaren JE, Ladell K, Larger E, Beressi JP, Lissina A, Appay V, Davidson HW, Buus S, Price DA, Kuhn M, Bonifacio E, Battaglia M, Caillat-Zucman S, Dotta F, Scharfmann R, Kyewski B, Mallone R. Islet-reactive CD8 + T cell frequencies in the pancreas, but not in blood, distinguish type 1 diabetic patients from healthy donors. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:3/20/eaao4013. [PMID: 29429978 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted zinc transporter 8186-194 (ZnT8186-194) and other islet epitopes elicit interferon-γ secretion by CD8+ T cells preferentially in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients compared with controls. We show that clonal ZnT8186-194-reactive CD8+ T cells express private T cell receptors and display equivalent functional properties in T1D and healthy individuals. Ex vivo analyses further revealed that CD8+ T cells reactive to ZnT8186-194 and other islet epitopes circulate at similar frequencies and exhibit a predominantly naïve phenotype in age-matched T1D and healthy donors. Higher frequencies of ZnT8186-194-reactive CD8+ T cells with a more antigen-experienced phenotype were detected in children versus adults, irrespective of disease status. Moreover, some ZnT8186-194-reactive CD8+ T cell clonotypes were found to cross-recognize a Bacteroides stercoris mimotope. Whereas ZnT8 was poorly expressed in thymic medullary epithelial cells, variable thymic expression levels of islet antigens did not modulate the peripheral frequency of their cognate CD8+ T cells. In contrast, ZnT8186-194-reactive cells were enriched in the pancreata of T1D patients versus nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic individuals. Thus, islet-reactive CD8+ T cells circulate in most individuals but home to the pancreas preferentially in T1D patients. We conclude that the activation of this common islet-reactive T cell repertoire and progression to T1D likely require defective peripheral immunoregulation and/or a proinflammatory islet microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Culina
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ana Ines Lalanne
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Georgia Afonso
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Karen Cerosaletti
- Benaroya Research Institute, Translational Research Program, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sheena Pinto
- Division of Developmental Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Klaudia Kuranda
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laura Nigi
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Anne Eugster
- CRTD-DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Østerbye
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicia Maugein
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Etienne Larger
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Beressi
- Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot, Service de Diabétologie, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Anna Lissina
- Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Howard W Davidson
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes and Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthias Kuhn
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik und Biometrie, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- CRTD-DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Sciences, Siena, Italy
| | - Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Kyewski
- Division of Developmental Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberto Mallone
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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21
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Pogorelyy MV, Fedorova AD, McLaren JE, Ladell K, Bagaev DV, Eliseev AV, Mikelov AI, Koneva AE, Zvyagin IV, Price DA, Chudakov DM, Shugay M. Exploring the pre-immune landscape of antigen-specific T cells. Genome Med 2018; 10:68. [PMID: 30144804 PMCID: PMC6109350 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive immune responses to newly encountered pathogens depend on the mobilization of antigen-specific clonotypes from a vastly diverse pool of naive T cells. Using recent advances in immune repertoire sequencing technologies, models of the immune receptor rearrangement process, and a database of annotated T cell receptor (TCR) sequences with known specificities, we explored the baseline frequencies of T cells specific for defined human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted epitopes in healthy individuals. Methods We used a database of TCR sequences with known antigen specificities and a probabilistic TCR rearrangement model to estimate the baseline frequencies of TCRs specific to distinct antigens epitopespecificT-cells. We verified our estimates using a publicly available collection of TCR repertoires from healthy individuals. We also interrogated a database of immunogenic and non-immunogenic peptides is used to link baseline T-cell frequencies with epitope immunogenicity. Results Our findings revealed a high degree of variability in the prevalence of T cells specific for different antigens that could be explained by the physicochemical properties of the corresponding HLA class I-bound peptides. The occurrence of certain rearrangements was influenced by ancestry and HLA class I restriction, and umbilical cord blood samples contained higher frequencies of common pathogen-specific TCRs. We also identified a quantitative link between specific T cell frequencies and the immunogenicity of cognate epitopes presented by defined HLA class I molecules. Conclusions Our results suggest that the population frequencies of specific T cells are strikingly non-uniform across epitopes that are known to elicit immune responses. This inference leads to a new definition of epitope immunogenicity based on specific TCR frequencies, which can be estimated with a high degree of accuracy in silico, thereby providing a novel framework to integrate computational and experimental genomics with basic and translational research efforts in the field of T cell immunology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-018-0577-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla D Fedorova
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dmitri V Bagaev
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Eliseev
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem I Mikelov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skoltech, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Koneva
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V Zvyagin
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dmitry M Chudakov
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skoltech, Moscow, Russia.,Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mikhail Shugay
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, IBCH RAS, Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Molecular Technologies, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia. .,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skoltech, Moscow, Russia.
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22
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Lissina A, McLaren JE, Ilander M, Andersson EI, Lewis CS, Clement M, Herman A, Ladell K, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Miners KL, Gostick E, Melenhorst JJ, Barrett AJ, Price DA, Mustjoki S, Wooldridge L. Divergent roles for antigenic drive in the aetiology of primary versus dasatinib-associated CD8 + TCR-Vβ + expansions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2534. [PMID: 29416058 PMCID: PMC5803196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T-cell expansions are the primary manifestation of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL), which is frequently accompanied by neutropenia and rheumatoid arthritis, and also occur as a secondary phenomenon in leukemia patients treated with dasatinib, notably in association with various drug-induced side-effects. However, the mechanisms that underlie the genesis and maintenance of expanded CD8+ T-cell receptor (TCR)-Vβ+ populations in these patient groups have yet to be fully defined. In this study, we performed a comprehensive phenotypic and clonotypic assessment of expanded (TCR-Vβ+) and residual (TCR-Vβ-) CD8+ T-cell populations in T-LGLL and dasatinib-treated chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. The dominant CD8+ TCR-Vβ+ expansions in T-LGLL patients were largely monoclonal and highly differentiated, whereas the dominant CD8+ TCR-Vβ+ expansions in dasatinib-treated CML patients were oligoclonal or polyclonal, and displayed a broad range of memory phenotypes. These contrasting features suggest divergent roles for antigenic drive in the immunopathogenesis of primary versus dasatinib-associated CD8+ TCR-Vβ+ expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lissina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, UK.
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mette Ilander
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma I Andersson
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catherine S Lewis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, UK
| | - Mathew Clement
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Herman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly L Miners
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Gostick
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - J Joseph Melenhorst
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, UK
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23
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Wooldridge L, Morgan D, Pearson JA, Gras S, van den Berg H, Lissina A, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Willis M, Dockree T, McLaren JE, Ekeruche-Makinde J, Gostick E, Robertson N, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR, Price D, Wong S, Peakman M, Skowera A, Clement M. Autoreactive CD8+ T-cells are highly dependent on CD8 for activation and as such targeting CD8 is an effective way of blocking autoreactive CD8+ T-cell activation. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.127.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes (TID) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are chronic conditions that have a significant impact on quality of life. CD8+ T-cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, drugs that target the entire CD8+ T-cell population are not desirable because this population provides protection against infection. Accordingly, there is an urgent requirement to develop novel treatment strategies that exclusively target the autoreactive CD8+ T-cell population. CD8+ T-cells express a molecule called CD8 at their cell surface which assists with activation. We have demonstrated that autoreactive CD8+ T-cells are entirely dependent on CD8 for activation. In stark contrast, pathogen specific CD8+ T-cells are characterized by higher functional sensitivity and are relatively CD8 independent. This represents an intrinsic difference that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. Our data suggests that “blocking anti-CD8 antibodies” can be used to block autoreactive CD8+ T-cell attack without affecting pathogen specific immunity, a key goal in the treatment of autoimmunity. The generation of “blocking anti-CD8 antibodies” offers an opportunity to develop a novel therapeutic approach that can be used to treat CD8+ T-cell mediated autoimmunity. In order to conduct a further assessment, we are currently developing a strategy for in vivo validation of the approach.
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24
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Davey MS, Willcox CR, Joyce SP, Ladell K, Kasatskaya SA, McLaren JE, Hunter S, Salim M, Mohammed F, Price DA, Chudakov DM, Willcox BE. Clonal selection in the human Vδ1 T cell repertoire indicates γδ TCR-dependent adaptive immune surveillance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14760. [PMID: 28248310 PMCID: PMC5337994 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are considered to be innate-like lymphocytes that respond rapidly to stress without clonal selection and differentiation. Here we use next-generation sequencing to probe how this paradigm relates to human Vδ2neg T cells, implicated in responses to viral infection and cancer. The prevalent Vδ1 T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is private and initially unfocused in cord blood, typically becoming strongly focused on a few high-frequency clonotypes by adulthood. Clonal expansions have differentiated from a naive to effector phenotype associated with CD27 downregulation, retaining proliferative capacity and TCR sensitivity, displaying increased cytotoxic markers and altered homing capabilities, and remaining relatively stable over time. Contrastingly, Vδ2+ T cells express semi-invariant TCRs, which are present at birth and shared between individuals. Human Vδ1+ T cells have therefore evolved a distinct biology from the Vδ2+ subset, involving a central, personalized role for the γδ TCR in directing a highly adaptive yet unconventional form of immune surveillance. γδ T cells are generally considered innate-like lymphocytes. Here the authors sequence human γδ T cell receptors (TCR) to show focusing of the private Vδ1 TCR repertoire, suggesting that, unlike Vδ2 T cells, the Vδ1 T cell compartment has adaptive attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Davey
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carrie R Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen P Joyce
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sofya A Kasatskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Stuart Hunter
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mahboob Salim
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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25
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Dockree T, Holland CJ, Clement M, Ladell K, McLaren JE, van den Berg HA, Gostick E, L Miners K, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Bridgeman JS, Man S, Bailey M, Burrows SR, Price DA, Wooldridge L. CD8 + T-cell specificity is compromised at a defined MHCI/CD8 affinity threshold. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 95:68-76. [PMID: 27670790 PMCID: PMC5215125 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CD8 co-receptor engages peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI) molecules at a largely invariant site distinct from the T-cell receptor (TCR)-binding platform and enhances the sensitivity of antigen-driven activation to promote effective CD8+ T-cell immunity. A small increase in the strength of the pMHCI/CD8 interaction (~1.5-fold) can disproportionately amplify this effect, boosting antigen sensitivity by up to two orders of magnitude. However, recognition specificity is lost altogether with more substantial increases in pMHCI/CD8 affinity (~10-fold). In this study, we used a panel of MHCI mutants with altered CD8-binding properties to show that TCR-mediated antigen specificity is delimited by a pMHCI/CD8 affinity threshold. Our findings suggest that CD8 can be engineered within certain biophysical parameters to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive T-cell transfer irrespective of antigen specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Dockree
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Mathew Clement
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Emma Gostick
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly L Miners
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - John S Bridgeman
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen Man
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mick Bailey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Scott R Burrows
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Clement M, Pearson JA, Gras S, van den Berg HA, Lissina A, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Willis MD, Dockree T, McLaren JE, Ekeruche-Makinde J, Gostick E, Robertson NP, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR, Price DA, Wong FS, Peakman M, Skowera A, Wooldridge L. Targeted suppression of autoreactive CD8 + T-cell activation using blocking anti-CD8 antibodies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35332. [PMID: 27748447 PMCID: PMC5066216 DOI: 10.1038/srep35332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T-cells play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. However, drugs that target the entire CD8+ T-cell population are not desirable because the associated lack of specificity can lead to unwanted consequences, most notably an enhanced susceptibility to infection. Here, we show that autoreactive CD8+ T-cells are highly dependent on CD8 for ligand-induced activation via the T-cell receptor (TCR). In contrast, pathogen-specific CD8+ T-cells are relatively CD8-independent. These generic differences relate to an intrinsic dichotomy that segregates self-derived and exogenous antigen-specific TCRs according to the monomeric interaction affinity with cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI). As a consequence, “blocking” anti-CD8 antibodies can suppress autoreactive CD8+ T-cell activation in a relatively selective manner. These findings provide a rational basis for the development and in vivo assessment of novel therapeutic strategies that preferentially target disease-relevant autoimmune responses within the CD8+ T-cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Clement
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James A Pearson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Anya Lissina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - Mark D Willis
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Tamsin Dockree
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Julia Ekeruche-Makinde
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Neil P Robertson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Scott R Burrows
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ania Skowera
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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27
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Pearson JA, Thayer TC, McLaren JE, Ladell K, De Leenheer E, Phillips A, Davies J, Kakabadse D, Miners K, Morgan P, Wen L, Price DA, Wong FS. Proinsulin Expression Shapes the TCR Repertoire but Fails to Control the Development of Low-Avidity Insulin-Reactive CD8+ T Cells. Diabetes 2016; 65:1679-89. [PMID: 26953160 PMCID: PMC5310213 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
NOD mice, a model strain for human type 1 diabetes, express proinsulin (PI) in the thymus. However, insulin-reactive T cells escape negative selection, and subsequent activation of the CD8(+) T-cell clonotype G9C8, which recognizes insulin B15-23 via an αβ T-cell receptor (TCR) incorporating TRAV8-1/TRAJ9 and TRBV19/TRBJ2-3 gene rearrangements, contributes to the development of diabetes. In this study, we used fixed TRAV8-1/TRAJ9 TCRα-chain transgenic mice to assess the impact of PI isoform expression on the insulin-reactive CD8(+) T-cell repertoire. The key findings were: 1) PI2 deficiency increases the frequency of insulin B15-23-reactive TRBV19(+)CD8(+) T cells and causes diabetes; 2) insulin B15-23-reactive TRBV19(+)CD8(+) T cells are more abundant in the pancreatic lymph nodes of mice lacking PI1 and/or PI2; 3) overexpression of PI2 decreases TRBV19 usage in the global CD8(+) T-cell compartment; 4) a biased repertoire of insulin-reactive CD8(+) T cells emerges in the periphery regardless of antigen exposure; and 5) low-avidity insulin-reactive CD8(+) T cells are less affected by antigen exposure in the thymus than in the periphery. These findings inform our understanding of the diabetogenic process and reveal new avenues for therapeutic exploitation in type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Affinity
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Transgenic
- Proinsulin/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Pearson
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Terri C Thayer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - James E McLaren
- Cellular Immunology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Cellular Immunology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Evy De Leenheer
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Amy Phillips
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Joanne Davies
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Dimitri Kakabadse
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Kelly Miners
- Cellular Immunology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Peter Morgan
- Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David A Price
- Cellular Immunology Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, U.K.
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28
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Liuzzi AR, McLaren JE, Price DA, Eberl M. Early innate responses to pathogens: pattern recognition by unconventional human T-cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 36:31-7. [PMID: 26182978 PMCID: PMC4594761 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although typically viewed as a feature of innate immune responses, microbial pattern recognition is increasingly acknowledged as a function of particular cells nominally categorized within the adaptive immune system. Groundbreaking research over the past three years has shown how unconventional human T-cells carrying invariant or semi-invariant TCRs that are not restricted by classical MHC molecules sense microbial compounds via entirely novel antigen presenting pathways. This review will focus on the innate-like recognition of non-self metabolites by Vγ9/Vδ2 T-cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) T-cells, with an emphasis on early immune responses in acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Liuzzi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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29
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Petersen J, van Bergen J, Loh KL, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Beringer DX, Thompson A, Bakker SF, Mulder CJJ, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Price DA, Rossjohn J, Reid HH, Koning F. Determinants of gliadin-specific T cell selection in celiac disease. J Immunol 2015. [PMID: 25948817 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol1500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In HLA-DQ8-associated celiac disease (CD), the pathogenic T cell response is directed toward an immunodominant α-gliadin-derived peptide (DQ8-glia-α1). However, our knowledge of TCR gene usage within the primary intestinal tissue of HLA-DQ8 (+) CD patients is limited. We identified two populations of HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 tetramer(+) CD4(+) T cells that were essentially undetectable in biopsy samples from patients on a gluten-free diet but expanded rapidly and specifically after antigenic stimulation. Distinguished by expression of TRBV9, both T cell populations displayed biased clonotypic repertoires and reacted similarly against HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. In particular, TRBV9 paired most often with TRAV26-2, whereas the majority of TRBV9(-) TCRs used TRBV6-1 with no clear TRAV gene preference. Strikingly, both tetramer(+)/TRBV9(+) and tetramer(+)/TRBV9(-) T cells possessed a non-germline-encoded arginine residue in their CDR3α and CDR3β loops, respectively. Comparison of the crystal structures of three TRBV9(+) TCRs and a TRBV9(-) TCR revealed that, as a result of distinct TCR docking modes, the HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 contacts mediated by the CDR3-encoded arginine were almost identical between TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) TCRs. In all cases, this interaction centered on two hydrogen bonds with a specific serine residue in the bound peptide. Replacement of serine with alanine at this position abrogated TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) clonal T cell proliferation in response to HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. Gluten-specific memory CD4(+) T cells with structurally and functionally conserved TCRs therefore predominate in the disease-affected tissue of patients with HLA-DQ8-mediated CD.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Celiac Disease/genetics
- Celiac Disease/immunology
- Celiac Disease/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Clonal Selection, Antigen-Mediated/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Gliadin/immunology
- HLA-DQ Antigens/chemistry
- HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics
- HLA-DQ Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Khai Lee Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Allan Thompson
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd F Bakker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands;
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30
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Petersen J, van Bergen J, Loh KL, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Beringer DX, Thompson A, Bakker SF, Mulder CJJ, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Price DA, Rossjohn J, Reid HH, Koning F. Determinants of gliadin-specific T cell selection in celiac disease. J Immunol 2015; 194:6112-22. [PMID: 25948817 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In HLA-DQ8-associated celiac disease (CD), the pathogenic T cell response is directed toward an immunodominant α-gliadin-derived peptide (DQ8-glia-α1). However, our knowledge of TCR gene usage within the primary intestinal tissue of HLA-DQ8 (+) CD patients is limited. We identified two populations of HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 tetramer(+) CD4(+) T cells that were essentially undetectable in biopsy samples from patients on a gluten-free diet but expanded rapidly and specifically after antigenic stimulation. Distinguished by expression of TRBV9, both T cell populations displayed biased clonotypic repertoires and reacted similarly against HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. In particular, TRBV9 paired most often with TRAV26-2, whereas the majority of TRBV9(-) TCRs used TRBV6-1 with no clear TRAV gene preference. Strikingly, both tetramer(+)/TRBV9(+) and tetramer(+)/TRBV9(-) T cells possessed a non-germline-encoded arginine residue in their CDR3α and CDR3β loops, respectively. Comparison of the crystal structures of three TRBV9(+) TCRs and a TRBV9(-) TCR revealed that, as a result of distinct TCR docking modes, the HLA-DQ8-glia-α1 contacts mediated by the CDR3-encoded arginine were almost identical between TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) TCRs. In all cases, this interaction centered on two hydrogen bonds with a specific serine residue in the bound peptide. Replacement of serine with alanine at this position abrogated TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) clonal T cell proliferation in response to HLA-DQ8-glia-α1. Gluten-specific memory CD4(+) T cells with structurally and functionally conserved TCRs therefore predominate in the disease-affected tissue of patients with HLA-DQ8-mediated CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jeroen van Bergen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Khai Lee Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yvonne Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis X Beringer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Allan Thompson
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd F Bakker
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands;
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31
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Roberto A, Castagna L, Zanon V, Bramanti S, Crocchiolo R, McLaren JE, Gandolfi S, Tentorio P, Sarina B, Timofeeva I, Santoro A, Carlo-Stella C, Bruno B, Carniti C, Corradini P, Gostick E, Ladell K, Price DA, Roederer M, Mavilio D, Lugli E. Role of naive-derived T memory stem cells in T-cell reconstitution following allogeneic transplantation. Blood 2015; 125:2855-64. [PMID: 25742699 PMCID: PMC4424633 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-11-608406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early T-cell reconstitution following allogeneic transplantation depends on the persistence and function of T cells that are adoptively transferred with the graft. Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (pt-Cy) effectively prevents alloreactive responses from unmanipulated grafts, but its effect on subsequent immune reconstitution remains undetermined. Here, we show that T memory stem cells (TSCM), which demonstrated superior reconstitution capacity in preclinical models, are the most abundant circulating T-cell population in the early days following haploidentical transplantation combined with pt-Cy and precede the expansion of effector cells. Transferred naive, but not TSCM or conventional memory cells preferentially survive cyclophosphamide, thus suggesting that posttransplant TSCM originate from naive precursors. Moreover, donor naive T cells specific for exogenous and self/tumor antigens persist in the host and contribute to peripheral reconstitution by differentiating into effectors. Similarly, pathogen-specific memory T cells generate detectable recall responses, but only in the presence of the cognate antigen. We thus define the cellular basis of T-cell reconstitution following pt-Cy at the antigen-specific level and propose to explore naive-derived TSCM in the clinical setting to overcome immunodeficiency. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02049424 and #NCT02049580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Roberto
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Castagna
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Zanon
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Bramanti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Crocchiolo
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Gandolfi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tentorio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Sarina
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Inna Timofeeva
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Carlo-Stella
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiana Carniti
- Department of Haematology and Pediatric Onco-Haematology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Paolo Corradini
- Department of Haematology and Pediatric Onco-Haematology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Emma Gostick
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Kløverpris HN, McGregor R, McLaren JE, Ladell K, Harndahl M, Stryhn A, Carlson JM, Koofhethile C, Gerritsen B, Keşmir C, Chen F, Riddell L, Luzzi G, Leslie A, Walker BD, Ndung'u T, Buus S, Price DA, Goulder PJ. CD8+ TCR Bias and Immunodominance in HIV-1 Infection. J Immunol 2015; 194:5329-45. [PMID: 25911754 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunodominance describes a phenomenon whereby the immune system consistently targets only a fraction of the available Ag pool derived from a given pathogen. In the case of CD8(+) T cells, these constrained epitope-targeting patterns are linked to HLA class I expression and determine disease progression. Despite the biological importance of these predetermined response hierarchies, little is known about the factors that control immunodominance in vivo. In this study, we conducted an extensive analysis of CD8(+) T cell responses restricted by a single HLA class I molecule to evaluate the mechanisms that contribute to epitope-targeting frequency and antiviral efficacy in HIV-1 infection. A clear immunodominance hierarchy was observed across 20 epitopes restricted by HLA-B*42:01, which is highly prevalent in populations of African origin. Moreover, in line with previous studies, Gag-specific responses and targeting breadth were associated with lower viral load set-points. However, peptide-HLA-B*42:01 binding affinity and stability were not significantly linked with targeting frequencies. Instead, immunodominance correlated with epitope-specific usage of public TCRs, defined as amino acid residue-identical TRB sequences that occur in multiple individuals. Collectively, these results provide important insights into a potential link between shared TCR recruitment, immunodominance, and antiviral efficacy in a major human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik N Kløverpris
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom; Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200-Copenhagen N, Denmark; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Reuben McGregor
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Mikkel Harndahl
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200-Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anette Stryhn
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200-Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Catherine Koofhethile
- HIV Pathogenesis Program, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Bram Gerritsen
- Theoretical Biology Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Can Keşmir
- Theoretical Biology Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Chen
- Department of Sexual Health, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading RG1 5AN, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Riddell
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Northamptonshire Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville, Northampton NN1 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Graz Luzzi
- Department of Sexual Health, Wycombe Hospital, High Wycombe HP11 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA 02129; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815; and
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; HIV Pathogenesis Program, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200-Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
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33
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Neller MA, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Matthews KK, Gostick E, Pentier JM, Dolton G, Schauenburg AJA, Koning D, Fontaine Costa AICA, Watkins TS, Venturi V, Smith C, Khanna R, Miners K, Clement M, Wooldridge L, Cole DK, van Baarle D, Sewell AK, Burrows SR, Price DA, Miles JJ. Naive CD8⁺ T-cell precursors display structured TCR repertoires and composite antigen-driven selection dynamics. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:625-33. [PMID: 25801351 PMCID: PMC4533101 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Basic parameters of the naive antigen (Ag)-specific T-cell repertoire in humans remain poorly defined. Systematic characterization of this ‘ground state' immunity in comparison with memory will allow a better understanding of clonal selection during immune challenge. Here, we used high-definition cell isolation from umbilical cord blood samples to establish the baseline frequency, phenotype and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire of CD8+ T-cell precursor populations specific for a range of viral and self-derived Ags. Across the board, these precursor populations were phenotypically naive and occurred with hierarchical frequencies clustered by Ag specificity. The corresponding patterns of TCR architecture were highly ordered and displayed partial overlap with adult memory, indicating biased structuring of the T-cell repertoire during Ag-driven selection. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the complex nature and dynamics of the naive T-cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Neller
- Human Immunity Laboratory, Cellular Immunology Laboratory and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katherine K Matthews
- Human Immunity Laboratory, Cellular Immunology Laboratory and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Gostick
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Johanne M Pentier
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Garry Dolton
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrea J A Schauenburg
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dan Koning
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas S Watkins
- Human Immunity Laboratory, Cellular Immunology Laboratory and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa Venturi
- Computational Biology Unit, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Corey Smith
- Human Immunity Laboratory, Cellular Immunology Laboratory and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- Human Immunity Laboratory, Cellular Immunology Laboratory and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kelly Miners
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mathew Clement
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - David K Cole
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Scott R Burrows
- 1] Human Immunity Laboratory, Cellular Immunology Laboratory and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [2] School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Price
- 1] Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK [2] Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J Miles
- 1] Human Immunity Laboratory, Cellular Immunology Laboratory and Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia [2] Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK [3] School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Skowera A, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Dolton G, Matthews KK, Gostick E, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Eichmann M, Knight RR, Heck S, Powrie J, Bingley PJ, Dayan CM, Miles JJ, Sewell AK, Price DA, Peakman M. β-cell-specific CD8 T cell phenotype in type 1 diabetes reflects chronic autoantigen exposure. Diabetes 2015; 64:916-925. [PMID: 25249579 PMCID: PMC4557541 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive CD8 T cells play a central role in the destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells that leads to type 1 diabetes, yet the key features of this immune-mediated process remain poorly defined. In this study, we combined high-definition polychromatic flow cytometry with ultrasensitive peptide-human leukocyte antigen class I tetramer staining to quantify and characterize β-cell-specific CD8 T cell populations in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and healthy control subjects. Remarkably, we found that β-cell-specific CD8 T cell frequencies in peripheral blood were similar between subject groups. In contrast to healthy control subjects, however, patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes displayed hallmarks of antigen-driven expansion uniquely within the β-cell-specific CD8 T cell compartment. Molecular analysis of selected β-cell-specific CD8 T cell populations further revealed highly skewed oligoclonal T cell receptor repertoires comprising exclusively private clonotypes. Collectively, these data identify novel and distinctive features of disease-relevant CD8 T cells that inform the immunopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Skowera
- Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E. McLaren
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Garry Dolton
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katherine K. Matthews
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma Gostick
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Martin Eichmann
- Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robin R. Knight
- Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susanne Heck
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s & St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jake Powrie
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy’s & St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Colin M. Dayan
- Institute of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - John J. Miles
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Sewell
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A. Price
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London School of Medicine, London, UK
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Gold MC, McLaren JE, Reistetter JA, Smyk-Pearson S, Ladell K, Swarbrick GM, Yu YYL, Hansen TH, Lund O, Nielsen M, Gerritsen B, Kesmir C, Miles JJ, Lewinsohn DA, Price DA, Lewinsohn DM. MR1-restricted MAIT cells display ligand discrimination and pathogen selectivity through distinct T cell receptor usage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1601-10. [PMID: 25049333 PMCID: PMC4113934 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
MAIT cells can discriminate between pathogen-derived ligands in a clonotype-dependent manner, and the TCR repertoire is distinct within individuals, indicating that the MAIT cell repertoire is shaped by prior microbial exposure. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) that detects microbial metabolites presented by the nonpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–like molecule MR1. The highly conserved nature of MR1 in conjunction with biased MAIT TCRα chain usage is widely thought to indicate limited ligand presentation and discrimination within a pattern-like recognition system. Here, we evaluated the TCR repertoire of MAIT cells responsive to three classes of microbes. Substantial diversity and heterogeneity were apparent across the functional MAIT cell repertoire as a whole, especially for TCRβ chain sequences. Moreover, different pathogen-specific responses were characterized by distinct TCR usage, both between and within individuals, suggesting that MAIT cell adaptation was a direct consequence of exposure to various exogenous MR1-restricted epitopes. In line with this interpretation, MAIT cell clones with distinct TCRs responded differentially to a riboflavin metabolite. These results suggest that MAIT cells can discriminate between pathogen-derived ligands in a clonotype-dependent manner, providing a basis for adaptive memory via recruitment of specific repertoires shaped by microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle C Gold
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
| | - James E McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Joseph A Reistetter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Sue Smyk-Pearson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Gwendolyn M Swarbrick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Yik Y L Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ted H Hansen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ole Lund
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bram Gerritsen
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Can Kesmir
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - John J Miles
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - David A Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
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36
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Humphreys IR, Clement M, Marsden M, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Smart K, Hindley JP, Bridgeman HM, van den Berg HA, Price DA, Ager A, Wooldridge L, Godkin A, Gallimore AM. Avidity of influenza-specific memory CD8+ T-cell populations decays over time compromising antiviral immunity. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:3235-42. [PMID: 22965681 PMCID: PMC3657127 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Decline of cell-mediated immunity is often attributed to decaying T-cell numbers and their distribution in peripheral organs. This study examined the hypothesis that qualitative as well as quantitative changes contribute to the declining efficacy of CD8(+) T-cell memory. Using a model of influenza virus infection, where loss of protective CD8(+) T-cell immunity was observed 6 months postinfection, we found no decline in antigen-specific T-cell numbers or migration to the site of secondary infection. There was, however, a large reduction in antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell degranulation, cytokine secretion, and polyfunctionality. A profound loss of high-avidity T cells over time indicated that failure to confer protective immunity resulted from the inferior functional capacity of remaining low avidity cells. These data imply that high-avidity central memory T cells wane with declining antigen levels, leaving lower avidity T cells with reduced functional capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Humphreys
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Antrobus RD, Lillie PJ, Berthoud TK, Spencer AJ, McLaren JE, Ladell K, Lambe T, Milicic A, Price DA, Hill AVS, Gilbert SC. A T cell-inducing influenza vaccine for the elderly: safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP+M1 in adults aged over 50 years. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48322. [PMID: 23118984 PMCID: PMC3485192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current influenza vaccines have reduced immunogenicity and are of uncertain efficacy in older adults. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP+M1, a viral-vectored influenza vaccine designed to boost memory T cell responses, in a group of older adults. METHODS Thirty volunteers (aged 50-85) received a single intramuscular injection of MVA-NP+M1 at a dose of 1·5×10(8) plaque forming units (pfu). Safety and immunogenicity were assessed over a period of one year. The frequency of T cells specific for nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein 1 (M1) was determined by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ELISpot, and their phenotypic and functional properties were characterized by polychromatic flow cytometry. In a subset of M1-specific CD8(+) T cells, T cell receptor (TCR) gene expression was evaluated using an unbiased molecular approach. RESULTS Vaccination with MVA-NP+M1 was well tolerated. ELISpot responses were boosted significantly above baseline following vaccination. Increases were detected in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets. Clonality studies indicated that MVA-NP+M1 expanded pre-existing memory CD8(+) T cells, which displayed a predominant CD27(+)CD45RO(+)CD57(-)CCR7(-) phenotype both before and after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS MVA-NP+M1 is safe and immunogenic in older adults. Unlike seasonal influenza vaccination, the immune responses generated by MVA-NP+M1 are similar between younger and older individuals. A T cell-inducing vaccine such as MVA-NP+M1 may therefore provide a way to circumvent the immunosenescence that impairs routine influenza vaccination. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00942071.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - James E. McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Milicic
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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38
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McLaren JE, Michael DR, Ashlin TG, Ramji DP. Cytokines, macrophage lipid metabolism and foam cells: implications for cardiovascular disease therapy. Prog Lipid Res 2011; 50:331-47. [PMID: 21601592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the biggest killer globally and the principal contributing factor to the pathology is atherosclerosis; a chronic, inflammatory disorder characterized by lipid and cholesterol accumulation and the development of fibrotic plaques within the walls of large and medium arteries. Macrophages are fundamental to the immune response directed to the site of inflammation and their normal, protective function is harnessed, detrimentally, in atherosclerosis. Macrophages contribute to plaque development by internalizing native and modified lipoproteins to convert them into cholesterol-rich foam cells. Foam cells not only help to bridge the innate and adaptive immune response to atherosclerosis but also accumulate to create fatty streaks, which help shape the architecture of advanced plaques. Foam cell formation involves the disruption of normal macrophage cholesterol metabolism, which is governed by a homeostatic mechanism that controls the uptake, intracellular metabolism, and efflux of cholesterol. It has emerged over the last 20 years that an array of cytokines, including interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10, are able to manipulate these processes. Foam cell targeting, anti-inflammatory therapies, such as agonists of nuclear receptors and statins, are known to regulate the actions of pro- and anti-atherogenic cytokines indirectly of their primary pharmacological function. A clear understanding of macrophage foam cell biology will hopefully enable novel foam cell targeting therapies to be developed for use in the clinical intervention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E McLaren
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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39
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Li N, McLaren JE, Michael DR, Clement M, Fielding CA, Ramji DP. ERK is integral to the IFN-γ-mediated activation of STAT1, the expression of key genes implicated in atherosclerosis, and the uptake of modified lipoproteins by human macrophages. J Immunol 2010; 185:3041-8. [PMID: 20675591 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma is a master regulator of atherosclerosis and mediates its cellular actions mainly through STAT1. Unfortunately, the impact of other IFN-gamma inducible pathways on STAT1 activation and the regulation of downstream responses associated with atherosclerosis in human macrophages are poorly understood and were therefore investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the IFN-gamma-mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 on Ser(727), crucial for its maximal activity, was attenuated in human macrophages by pharmacological inhibition of ERK. In these cells, IFN-gamma induced changes in the expression of several key genes implicated in atherosclerosis, such as MCP-1, through an ERK-dependent mechanism. Additionally, the IFN-gamma-induced activity of STAT1-responsive promoters was attenuated by transfection of dominant-negative forms of ERK and other key components of this pathway. Furthermore, the IFN-gamma-induced uptake of acetylated and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by human macrophages was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition or RNA interference-mediated knockdown of ERK. These studies suggest a critical role for ERK signaling in the IFN-gamma-mediated changes in macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and gene expression during atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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40
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McLaren JE, Michael DR, Salter RC, Ashlin TG, Calder CJ, Miller AM, Liew FY, Ramji DP. IL-33 Reduces Macrophage Foam Cell Formation. J I 2010; 185:1222-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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McLaren JE, Calder CJ, McSharry BP, Sexton K, Salter RC, Singh NN, Wilkinson GWG, Wang ECY, Ramji DP. The TNF-like protein 1A-death receptor 3 pathway promotes macrophage foam cell formation in vitro. The Journal of Immunology 2010; 184:5827-34. [PMID: 20410491 PMCID: PMC2874519 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A), a TNF superfamily cytokine that binds to death receptor 3 (DR3), is highly expressed in macrophage foam cell-rich regions of atherosclerotic plaques, although its role in foam cell formation has yet to be elucidated. We investigated whether TL1A can directly stimulate macrophage foam cell formation in both THP-1 and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages with the underlying mechanisms involved. We demonstrated that TL1A promotes foam cell formation in human macrophages in vitro by increasing both acetylated and oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake, by enhancing intracellular total and esterified cholesterol levels and reducing cholesterol efflux. This imbalance in cholesterol homeostasis is orchestrated by TL1A-mediated changes in the mRNA and protein expression of several genes implicated in the uptake and efflux of cholesterol, such as scavenger receptor A and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Furthermore, through the use of virally delivered DR3 short-hairpin RNA and bone marrow-derived macrophages from DR3 knockout mice, we demonstrate that DR3 can regulate foam cell formation and contributes significantly to the action of TL1A in this process in vitro. We show, for the first time, a novel proatherogenic role for both TL1A and DR3 that implicates this pathway as a target for the therapeutic intervention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E McLaren
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the development of fibrotic plaques in the arterial wall. The disease exhibits a complex aetiology and its progression is influenced by a number of environmental and genetic risk factors. The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a key regulator of immune function, is highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and has emerged as a significant factor in atherogenesis. Evidence from both mouse models of atherosclerosis and in vitro cell culture has suggested that the role of IFN-gamma is complex since both pro- and anti-atherogenic actions have been affiliated to it. This review will focus on evaluating the contribution of IFN-gamma to atherosclerosis and, in particular, how it regulates immune responses to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E McLaren
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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