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Cerchietti LC, Lopes EC, Yang SN, Hatzi K, Bunting KL, Tsikitas LA, Mallik A, Robles AI, Walling J, Varticovski L, Shaknovich R, Bhalla KN, Chiosis G, Melnick A. Author Correction: A purine scaffold Hsp90 inhibitor destabilizes BCL-6 and has specific antitumor activity in BCL-6-dependent B cell lymphomas. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-02957-0. [PMID: 38570701 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eloisi C Lopes
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen L Bunting
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lucas A Tsikitas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alka Mallik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Walling
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lyuba Varticovski
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita Shaknovich
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kapil N Bhalla
- Medical College of Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA.
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2
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Schuster SJ, Huw LY, Bolen CR, Maximov V, Polson AG, Hatzi K, Lasater EA, Assouline SE, Bartlett NL, Budde LE, Matasar MJ, Koeppen H, Piccione EC, Wilson D, Wei MC, Yin S, Penuel E. Loss of CD20 expression as a mechanism of resistance to mosunetuzumab in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas. Blood 2024; 143:822-832. [PMID: 38048694 PMCID: PMC10934296 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT CD20 is an established therapeutic target in B-cell malignancies. The CD20 × CD3 bispecific antibody mosunetuzumab has significant efficacy in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Because target antigen loss is a recognized mechanism of resistance, we evaluated CD20 expression relative to clinical response in patients with relapsed and/or refractory NHL in the phase 1/2 GO29781 trial investigating mosunetuzumab monotherapy. CD20 was studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC), RNA sequencing, and whole-exome sequencing performed centrally in biopsy specimens collected before treatment at predose, during treatment, or upon progression. Before treatment, most patients exhibited a high proportion of tumor cells expressing CD20; however, in 16 of 293 patients (5.5%) the proportion was <10%. Analyses of paired biopsy specimens from patients on treatment revealed that CD20 levels were maintained in 29 of 30 patients (97%) vs at progression, where CD20 loss was observed in 11 of 32 patients (34%). Reduced transcription or acquisition of truncating mutations explained most but not all cases of CD20 loss. In vitro modeling confirmed the effects of CD20 variants identified in clinical samples on reduction of CD20 expression and missense mutations in the extracellular domain that could block mosunetuzumab binding. This study expands the knowledge about the occurrence of target antigen loss after anti-CD20 therapeutics to include CD20-targeting bispecific antibodies and elucidates mechanisms of reduced CD20 expression at disease progression that may be generalizable to other anti-CD20 targeting agents. These results also confirm the utility of readily available IHC staining for CD20 as a tool to inform clinical decisions. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT02500407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Schuster
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy L. Bartlett
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shen Yin
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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3
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Hatzi K, Geng H, Doane AS, Meydan C, LaRiviere R, Cardenas M, Duy C, Shen H, Vidal MNC, Baslan T, Mohammad HP, Kruger RG, Shaknovich R, Haberman AM, Inghirami G, Lowe SW, Melnick AM. Histone demethylase LSD1 is required for germinal center formation and BCL6-driven lymphomagenesis. Nat Immunol 2018; 20:86-96. [PMID: 30538335 PMCID: PMC6294324 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) B cells feature repression of many gene enhancers to establish their characteristic transcriptome. Here we show that conditional deletion of Lsd1 in GCs significantly impaired GC formation, associated with failure to repress immune synapse genes linked to GC exit, which are also direct targets of the transcriptional repressor BCL6. We found that BCL6 directly binds LSD1 and recruits it primarily to intergenic and intronic enhancers. Conditional deletion of Lsd1 suppressed GC hyperplasia caused by constitutive expression of BCL6 and significantly delayed BCL6-driven lymphomagenesis. Administration of catalytic inhibitors of LSD1 had little effect on GC formation or GC-derived lymphoma cells. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 domain screen, we found instead that the LSD1 Tower domain was critical for dependence on LSD1 in GC-derived B cells. These results indicate an essential role for LSD1 in the humoral immune response, where it modulates enhancer function by forming repression complexes with BCL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hatzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ashley S Doane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reed LaRiviere
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariano Cardenas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,High Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cihangir Duy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Nieves Calvo Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timour Baslan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helai P Mohammad
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ryan G Kruger
- Cancer Epigenetics Department, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Rita Shaknovich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Cancer Genetics Incorporated, Rutherford, NJ, USA
| | - Ann M Haberman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunobiology Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Banito A, Li X, Laporte AN, Roe JS, Sanchez-Vega F, Huang CH, Dancsok AR, Hatzi K, Chen CC, Tschaharganeh DF, Chandwani R, Tasdemir N, Jones KB, Capecchi MR, Vakoc CR, Schultz N, Ladanyi M, Nielsen TO, Lowe SW. The SS18-SSX Oncoprotein Hijacks KDM2B-PRC1.1 to Drive Synovial Sarcoma. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:346-348. [PMID: 30107180 PMCID: PMC6161360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Banito A, Li X, Laporte AN, Roe JS, Sanchez-Vega F, Huang CH, Dancsok AR, Hatzi K, Chen CC, Tschaharganeh DF, Chandwani R, Tasdemir N, Jones KB, Capecchi MR, Vakoc CR, Schultz N, Ladanyi M, Nielsen TO, Lowe SW. The SS18-SSX Oncoprotein Hijacks KDM2B-PRC1.1 to Drive Synovial Sarcoma. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:527-541.e8. [PMID: 29502955 PMCID: PMC5881394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive cancer invariably associated with a chromosomal translocation involving genes encoding the SWI-SNF complex component SS18 and an SSX (SSX1 or SSX2) transcriptional repressor. Using functional genomics, we identify KDM2B, a histone demethylase and component of a non-canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1.1), as selectively required for sustaining synovial sarcoma cell transformation. SS18-SSX1 physically interacts with PRC1.1 and co-associates with SWI/SNF and KDM2B complexes on unmethylated CpG islands. Via KDM2B, SS18-SSX1 binds and aberrantly activates expression of developmentally regulated genes otherwise targets of polycomb-mediated repression, which is restored upon KDM2B depletion, leading to irreversible mesenchymal differentiation. Thus, SS18-SSX1 deregulates developmental programs to drive transformation by hijacking a transcriptional repressive complex to aberrantly activate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Banito
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aimée N Laporte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jae-Seok Roe
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda R Dancsok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darjus F Tschaharganeh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rohit Chandwani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nilgun Tasdemir
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Orthopedics and Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Mario R Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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6
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Jones NM, Fabre MS, Senanayake DS, Hatzi K, Melnick AM, McConnell MJ. Abstract 1523: The mechanism of action of BCL6 in glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most deadly brain tumor to occur in adults. Initially patients respond to radiation and chemotherapy, which primarily work by causing large amounts of DNA damage, causing apoptosis of the cells. However, this process does not happen effectively in GBM and understanding how these cells resist cell death in response to therapy is key to improving the efficacy of treatment. BCL6 is a transcription factor that stops cell death in response to DNA damage. Recent work in our lab has shown BCL6 to be present in untreated GBM tumors and up-regulated in treated GBM cells. This evidence indicates that BCL6 may be used as a mechanism of therapy resistance by GBM cells. In this study, the objective was to determine the mechanism of action of BCL6 in GBM cells using luciferase reporter assays, quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) and RNA sequencing. We observed that BCL6 was transcriptionally active in GBM as shown by a reduction in luciferase activity when BCL6 was present. qChIP experiments revealed that BCL6 binding changed over time and was different with different types of DNA-damaging treatment. Preliminary analysis of our RNA sequencing data has identified a unique subset of genes which are upregulated when BCL6 is inhibited and downregulated in response to chemotherapy. These changes indicate that these genes may be regulated by BCL6 in chemotherapy treated cells. All of these results illustrate that BCL6 appears to have an active and relevant function in GBM cells, which demonstrates that BCL6 is an attractive therapeutic target in GBM.
Citation Format: Nicole M. Jones, Marie-Sophie Fabre, Dinindu Sachindra Senanayake, Katerina Hatzi, Ari M. Melnick, Melanie J. McConnell. The mechanism of action of BCL6 in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1523. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1523
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katerina Hatzi
- 2Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Ari M. Melnick
- 2Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY
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7
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Valls E, Lobry C, Geng H, Wang L, Cardenas M, Rivas M, Cerchietti L, Oh P, Yang SN, Oswald E, Graham CW, Jiang Y, Hatzi K, Agirre X, Perkey E, Li Z, Tam W, Bhatt K, Leonard JP, Zweidler-McKay PA, Maillard I, Elemento O, Ci W, Aifantis I, Melnick A. BCL6 Antagonizes NOTCH2 to Maintain Survival of Human Follicular Lymphoma Cells. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:506-521. [PMID: 28232365 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the BCL6 transcriptional repressor is frequently expressed in human follicular lymphomas (FL), its biological role in this disease remains unknown. Herein, we comprehensively identify the set of gene promoters directly targeted by BCL6 in primary human FLs. We noted that BCL6 binds and represses NOTCH2 and NOTCH pathway genes. Moreover, BCL6 and NOTCH2 pathway gene expression is inversely correlated in FL. Notably, BCL6 upregulation is associated with repression of NOTCH2 and its target genes in primary human and murine germinal center (GC) cells. Repression of NOTCH2 is an essential function of BCL6 in FL and GC B cells because inducible expression of Notch2 abrogated GC formation in mice and killed FL cells. Indeed, BCL6-targeting compounds or gene silencing leads to the induction of NOTCH2 activity and compromises survival of FL cells, whereas NOTCH2 depletion or pathway antagonists rescue FL cells from such effects. Moreover, BCL6 inhibitors induced NOTCH2 expression and suppressed growth of human FL xenografts in vivo and primary human FL specimens ex vivo These studies suggest that established FLs are thus dependent on BCL6 through its suppression of NOTCH2Significance: We show that human FLs are dependent on BCL6, and primary human FLs can be killed using specific BCL6 inhibitors. Integrative genomics and functional studies of BCL6 in primary FL cells point toward a novel mechanism whereby BCL6 repression of NOTCH2 drives the survival and growth of FL cells as well as GC B cells, which are the FL cell of origin. Cancer Discov; 7(5); 506-21. ©2017 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Valls
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Camille Lobry
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1170, Villejuif and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Huimin Geng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ling Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mariano Cardenas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Martín Rivas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Philmo Oh
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Erin Oswald
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Camille W Graham
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eric Perkey
- Life Sciences Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Kamala Bhatt
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John P Leonard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Ivan Maillard
- Life Sciences Institute, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Weimin Ci
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. .,Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
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8
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Cardenas MG, Yu W, Beguelin W, Matthew TR, Geng H, Goldstein R, Oswald E, Hatzi K, Yang SN, Cohen J, Shaknovich R, Vanommeslaeghe K, Cheng H, Liang D, Cho H, Abbott J, Tam W, Leonard JP, Cerchietti L, Cierpicki T, Xue F, MacKerell AD, Melnick A. Abstract A11: Therapeutic targeting of GCB- and ABC-DLBCLS by rationally designed BCL6 inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.pmccavuln16-a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale: The BCL6 oncogene is constitutively activated by chromosomal translocations and amplification in ABC-DLBCLs, a class of DLBCLs that respond poorly to current therapies. Yet the role of BCL6 in maintaining these lymphomas has not been investigated. BCL6 mediates its effects by recruiting corepressors to an extended groove motif. Development of effective BCL6 inhibitors requires compounds exceeding the binding affinity of these corepressors.
Objectives: To design small molecule inhibitors with superior potency vs. endogenous BCL6 ligands for unmet putative therapeutic needs such as targeting ABC-DLBCL.
Findings: We used an in silico drug design functional-group mapping approach called SILCS to create a specific BCL6 inhibitor with 10-fold greater potency than endogenous corepressors. The compound, called FX1, binds in such a way as to occupy an essential region of the BCL6 lateral groove. FX1 disrupts BCL6 repression complex formation, reactivates BCL6 target genes, and mimics the phenotype of mice engineered to express BCL6 with lateral groove mutations. This compound eradicated established DLBCLs xenografts at low doses. Most strikingly, FX1 suppressed ABC-DLBCL cells as well as primary human ABC-DLBCL specimens ex vivo.
Conclusions: ABC-DLBCL is a BCL6 dependent disease that can be targeted by novel inhibitors able to exceed the binding affinity of natural BCL6 ligands.
Citation Format: Mariano Gonzalo Cardenas, Wenbo Yu, Wendy Beguelin, Teater R. Matthew, Huimin Geng, Rebecca Goldstein, Erin Oswald, Katerina Hatzi, Shao-Ning Yang, Joanna Cohen, Rita Shaknovich, Kenno Vanommeslaeghe, Huimin Cheng, Dongdong Liang, Hyoje Cho, Joshua Abbott, Wayne Tam, John P. Leonard, Leandro Cerchietti, Tomasz Cierpicki, Fengtian Xue, Alexander D. MacKerell, Jr., Ari Melnick. Therapeutic targeting of GCB- and ABC-DLBCLS by rationally designed BCL6 inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A11.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenbo Yu
- 2University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD,
| | | | | | - Huimin Geng
- 3University of California, San Francisco, CA,
| | | | - Erin Oswald
- 1Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hyoje Cho
- 4University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Wayne Tam
- 1Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ari Melnick
- 1Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY,
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9
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Dupont T, Yang SN, Patel J, Hatzi K, Malik A, Tam W, Martin P, Leonard J, Melnick A, Cerchietti L. Selective targeting of BCL6 induces oncogene addiction switching to BCL2 in B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3520-32. [PMID: 26657288 PMCID: PMC4823124 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL6 oncogene plays a crucial role in sustaining diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) through transcriptional repression of key checkpoint genes. BCL6-targeted therapy kills lymphoma cells by releasing these checkpoints. However BCL6 also directly represses several DLBCL oncogenes such as BCL2 and BCL-XL that promote lymphoma survival. Herein we show that DLBCL cells that survive BCL6-targeted therapy induce a phenomenon of “oncogene-addiction switching” by reactivating BCL2-family dependent anti-apoptotic pathways. Thus, most DLBCL cells require concomitant inhibition of BCL6 and BCL2-family members for effective lymphoma killing. Moreover, in DLBCL cells initially resistant to BH3 mimetic drugs, BCL6 inhibition induces a newly developed reliance on anti-apoptotic BCL2-family members for survival that translates in acquired susceptibility to BH3 mimetic drugs ABT-737 and obatoclax. In germinal center B cell-like (GCB)-DLBCL cells, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the NEDD inhibitor MLN4924 post-transcriptionally activated the BH3-only sensitizer NOXA thus counteracting the oncogenic switch to BCL2 induced by BCL6-targeting. Hence our study indicates that BCL6 inhibition induces an on-target feedback mechanism based on the activation of anti-apoptotic BH3 members. This oncogene-addition switching mechanism was harnessed to develop rational combinatorial therapies for GCB-DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Dupont
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayeshkumar Patel
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alka Malik
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Martin
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Leonard
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Pharmacology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Hatzi K, Catera R, Moreno Atanasio C, Fischetti VA, Allen SL, Kolitz JE, Rai KR, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia immunoglobulins display bacterial reactivity that converges and diverges from auto-/poly-reactivity and IGHV mutation status. Clin Immunol 2016; 172:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Jiang Y, Ortega-Molina A, Geng H, Ying HY, Hatzi K, Parsa S, McNally D, Wang L, Doane AS, Agirre X, Teater M, Meydan C, Li Z, Poloway D, Wang S, Ennishi D, Scott DW, Stengel KR, Kranz JE, Holson E, Sharma S, Young JW, Chu CS, Roeder RG, Shaknovich R, Hiebert SW, Gascoyne RD, Tam W, Elemento O, Wendel HG, Melnick AM. CREBBP Inactivation Promotes the Development of HDAC3-Dependent Lymphomas. Cancer Discov 2016; 7:38-53. [PMID: 27733359 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in CREBBP occur frequently in B-cell lymphoma. Here, we show that loss of CREBBP facilitates the development of germinal center (GC)-derived lymphomas in mice. In both human and murine lymphomas, CREBBP loss-of-function resulted in focal depletion of enhancer H3K27 acetylation and aberrant transcriptional silencing of genes that regulate B-cell signaling and immune responses, including class II MHC. Mechanistically, CREBBP-regulated enhancers are counter-regulated by the BCL6 transcriptional repressor in a complex with SMRT and HDAC3, which we found to bind extensively to MHC class II loci. HDAC3 loss-of-function rescued repression of these enhancers and corresponding genes, including MHC class II, and more profoundly suppressed CREBBP-mutant lymphomas in vitro and in vivo Hence, CREBBP loss-of-function contributes to lymphomagenesis by enabling unopposed suppression of enhancers by BCL6/SMRT/HDAC3 complexes, suggesting HDAC3-targeted therapy as a precision approach for CREBBP-mutant lymphomas. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings establish the tumor suppressor function of CREBBP in GC lymphomas in which CREBBP mutations disable acetylation and result in unopposed deacetylation by BCL6/SMRT/HDAC3 complexes at enhancers of B-cell signaling and immune response genes. Hence, inhibition of HDAC3 can restore the enhancer histone acetylation and may serve as a targeted therapy for CREBBP-mutant lymphomas. Cancer Discov; 7(1); 38-53. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Höpken, p. 14This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Jiang
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ana Ortega-Molina
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hsia-Yuan Ying
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sara Parsa
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dylan McNally
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ashley S Doane
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Area de Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matt Teater
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Cem Meydan
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Poloway
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shenqiu Wang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daisuke Ennishi
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David W Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristy R Stengel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Sneh Sharma
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James W Young
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunobiology, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine; The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Chi-Shuen Chu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | | | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wayne Tam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hans-Guido Wendel
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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12
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Bunting KL, Soong TD, Singh R, Jiang Y, Béguelin W, Poloway DW, Swed BL, Hatzi K, Reisacher W, Teater M, Elemento O, Melnick AM. Multi-tiered Reorganization of the Genome during B Cell Affinity Maturation Anchored by a Germinal Center-Specific Locus Control Region. Immunity 2016; 45:497-512. [PMID: 27637145 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During the humoral immune response, B cells undergo a dramatic change in phenotype to enable antibody affinity maturation in germinal centers (GCs). Using genome-wide chromosomal conformation capture (Hi-C), we found that GC B cells undergo massive reorganization of the genomic architecture that encodes the GC B cell transcriptome. Coordinate expression of genes that specify the GC B cell phenotype-most prominently BCL6-was achieved through a multilayered chromatin reorganization process involving (1) increased promoter connectivity, (2) formation of enhancer networks, (3) 5' to 3' gene looping, and (4) merging of gene neighborhoods that share active epigenetic marks. BCL6 was an anchor point for the formation of GC-specific gene and enhancer loops on chromosome 3. Deletion of a GC-specific, highly interactive locus control region upstream of Bcl6 abrogated GC formation in mice. Thus, large-scale and multi-tiered genomic three-dimensional reorganization is required for coordinate expression of phenotype-driving gene sets that determine the unique characteristics of GC B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Bunting
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - T David Soong
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David W Poloway
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brandon L Swed
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William Reisacher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical College/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matt Teater
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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13
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Béguelin W, Teater M, Gearhart MD, Calvo Fernández MT, Goldstein RL, Cárdenas MG, Hatzi K, Rosen M, Shen H, Corcoran CM, Hamline MY, Gascoyne RD, Levine RL, Abdel-Wahab O, Licht JD, Shaknovich R, Elemento O, Bardwell VJ, Melnick AM. EZH2 and BCL6 Cooperate to Assemble CBX8-BCOR Complex to Repress Bivalent Promoters, Mediate Germinal Center Formation and Lymphomagenesis. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:197-213. [PMID: 27505670 PMCID: PMC5000552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The EZH2 histone methyltransferase mediates the humoral immune response and drives lymphomagenesis through formation of bivalent chromatin domains at critical germinal center (GC) B cell promoters. Herein we show that the actions of EZH2 in driving GC formation and lymphoma precursor lesions require site-specific binding by the BCL6 transcriptional repressor and the presence of a non-canonical PRC1-BCOR-CBX8 complex. The chromodomain protein CBX8 is induced in GC B cells, binds to H3K27me3 at bivalent promoters, and is required for stable association of the complex and the resulting histone modifications. Moreover, oncogenic BCL6 and EZH2 cooperate to accelerate diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) development and combinatorial targeting of these repressors results in enhanced anti-lymphoma activity in DLBCLs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/metabolism
- Polycomb-Group Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Béguelin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matt Teater
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA; Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Developmental Biology Center, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Church Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - María Teresa Calvo Fernández
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rebecca L Goldstein
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mariano G Cárdenas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Monica Rosen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Connie M Corcoran
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Developmental Biology Center, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Church Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michelle Y Hamline
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Developmental Biology Center, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Church Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- Departments of Pathology and Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rita Shaknovich
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Vivian J Bardwell
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, Developmental Biology Center, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Church Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 E 69(th) Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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14
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Cardenas MG, Yu W, Beguelin W, Teater MR, Geng H, Goldstein RL, Oswald E, Hatzi K, Yang SN, Cohen J, Shaknovich R, Vanommeslaeghe K, Cheng H, Liang D, Cho HJ, Abbott J, Tam W, Du W, Leonard JP, Elemento O, Cerchietti L, Cierpicki T, Xue F, MacKerell AD, Melnick AM. Rationally designed BCL6 inhibitors target activated B cell diffuse large B cell lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3351-62. [PMID: 27482887 DOI: 10.1172/jci85795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) arise from proliferating B cells transiting different stages of the germinal center reaction. In activated B cell DLBCLs (ABC-DLBCLs), a class of DLBCLs that respond poorly to current therapies, chromosomal translocations and amplification lead to constitutive expression of the B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) oncogene. The role of BCL6 in maintaining these lymphomas has not been investigated. Here, we designed small-molecule inhibitors that display higher affinity for BCL6 than its endogenous corepressor ligands to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy for targeting ABC-DLBCL. We used an in silico drug design functional-group mapping approach called SILCS to create a specific BCL6 inhibitor called FX1 that has 10-fold greater potency than endogenous corepressors and binds an essential region of the BCL6 lateral groove. FX1 disrupted formation of the BCL6 repression complex, reactivated BCL6 target genes, and mimicked the phenotype of mice engineered to express BCL6 with corepressor binding site mutations. Low doses of FX1 induced regression of established tumors in mice bearing DLBCL xenografts. Furthermore, FX1 suppressed ABC-DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as primary human ABC-DLBCL specimens ex vivo. These findings indicate that ABC-DLBCL is a BCL6-dependent disease that can be targeted by rationally designed inhibitors that exceed the binding affinity of natural BCL6 ligands.
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15
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Crotty S, Hatzi K, Nance JP, Kroenke M, Bothwell M, Haddad E, Takemori T, Melnick A. BCL6 orchestrates Tfh cell differentiation via multiple distinct mechanisms (LYM8P.628). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.201.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Generation of long term humoral immunity is a complex process predominantly dependent on germinal centers and CD4 T cell help to B cells. Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are the specialized CD4 T cells for B cell help. We and others have now resolved many of the stages of Tfh differentiation, and molecules involved. BCL6 is the defining transcription factor of Tfh cells. However, the functions of BCL6 in Tfh have largely remained unclear. We have defined the BCL6 cistrome in primary human germinal center Tfh cells to assess mechanisms of BCL6 regulation of CD4 T cells, comparing and contrasting BCL6 function in T and B cells. BCL6 primarily acts as a repressor in Tfh cells, and BCL6 binding was associated with control of Tfh cell migration, Tfh differentiation, and repression of alternative cell fates. Interestingly, although some BCL6 bound genes possessed BCL6 DNA binding motifs, more BCL6-bound loci were instead characterized by the presence of DNA motifs for AP1 or STAT. AP1 complexes are key positive downstream mediators of TCR signaling and external stimuli. We show that BCL6 can directly bind AP1, and AP1 and BCL6 co-occupied BCL6 binding sites with AP1 motifs, suggesting that BCL6 subverts AP1 activity. These findings reveal that BCL6 has broad and multifaceted effects on Tfh biology, and provide insight into how this master regulator mediates distinct cell-context dependent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Crotty
- 1La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Mark Kroenke
- 1La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Elias Haddad
- 5Vaccine & Gene Therapy Inst., Port St. Lucie, FL
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16
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Hatzi K, Nance JP, Kroenke MA, Bothwell M, Haddad EK, Melnick A, Crotty S. BCL6 orchestrates Tfh cell differentiation via multiple distinct mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:539-53. [PMID: 25824819 PMCID: PMC4387288 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh cells) are required for T cell help to B cells, and BCL6 is the defining transcription factor of Tfh cells. However, the functions of BCL6 in Tfh cells have largely remained unclear. Here we defined the BCL6 cistrome in primary human germinal center Tfh cells to assess mechanisms of BCL6 regulation of CD4 T cells, comparing and contrasting BCL6 function in T and B cells. BCL6 primarily acts as a repressor in Tfh cells, and BCL6 binding was associated with control of Tfh cell migration and repression of alternative cell fates. Interestingly, although some BCL6-bound genes possessed BCL6 DNA-binding motifs, many BCL6-bound loci were instead characterized by the presence of DNA motifs for AP1 or STAT. AP1 complexes are key positive downstream mediators of TCR signaling and external stimuli. We show that BCL6 can directly bind AP1, and BCL6 depends on AP1 for recruitment to BCL6-binding sites with AP1 motifs, suggesting that BCL6 subverts AP1 activity. These findings reveal that BCL6 has broad and multifaceted effects on Tfh biology and provide insight into how this master regulator mediates distinct cell context-dependent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - J Philip Nance
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Mark A Kroenke
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Marcella Bothwell
- University of California, San Diego Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123 University of California, San Diego Department of Surgery and Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
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17
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Rodina A, Moulick K, Ahn J, Zong H, Cerchietti L, DaGama EG, Caldas-Lopes E, Beebe K, Perna F, Hatzi K, Vu L, Zhao X, Zatorska D, Taldone T, Smith-Jones P, Alpaugh M, Gross S, Pillarsetty N, Ku T, Lewis J, Larson S, Levine R, Erdjument-Bromage H, Guzman M, Nimer S, Melnick A, Neckers L, Chiosis G. Abstract 3029: Biochemical evidence towards the existence of an oncogenic Hsp90 complex. Mol Cell Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Yoon J, Feng X, Kim YS, Shin DM, Hatzi K, Wang H, Morse HC. Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) interacts with the B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) corepressor BCOR. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34250-7. [PMID: 25331958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.571182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) corepressor (BCOR) was discovered as a BCL6-interacting corepressor, but little is known about its other biological activities in normal B cell development and function. Previously, we found that interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), also known as interferon consensus sequence-binding protein, directly targets a large number of genes in germinal center B cells including BCL6. In this study, we screened potential binding partners of IRF8 using a retrovirus-based protein complementation assay screen in a mouse pre-B cell line. We found that IRF8 interacts directly with BCOR and that the α-helical region of IRF8 and the BCL6 binding domain of BCOR are required for this interaction. In addition, IRF8 protein interacts directly with BCL6. Using an siRNA-mediated IRF8 knockdown mouse B cell lymphoma cell line, we showed that IRF8 represses Bcor and enhances Bcl6 transcription. Taken together, these data suggest that a complex comprising BCOR-BCL6-IRF8 modulates BCL6-associated transcriptional regulation of germinal center B cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongheon Yoon
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852 and
| | - Xianxum Feng
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852 and
| | - Yong-Soo Kim
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852 and
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852 and
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852 and
| | - Herbert C Morse
- From the Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852 and
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19
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Huang C, Gonzalez DG, Cote CM, Jiang Y, Hatzi K, Teater M, Dai K, Hla T, Haberman AM, Melnick A. The BCL6 RD2 domain governs commitment of activated B cells to form germinal centers. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1497-508. [PMID: 25176650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand how the Bcl6 transcriptional repressor functions in the immune system, we disrupted its RD2 repression domain in mice. Bcl6RD2(MUT) mice exhibit a complete loss of germinal center (GC) formation but retain normal extrafollicular responses. Bcl6RD2(MUT) antigen-engaged B cells migrate to the interfollicular zone and interact with cognate T helper cells. However, these cells fail to complete early GC-commitment differentiation and coalesce as nascent GC aggregates. Bcl6 directly binds and represses trafficking receptors S1pr1 and Gpr183 by recruiting Hdac2 through the RD2 domain. Deregulation of these genes impairs B cell migration and may contribute to GC failure in Bcl6RD2(MUT) mice. The development of functional GC-TFH cells was partially impaired in Bcl6RD2(MUT) mice. In contrast to Bcl6(-/-) mice, Bcl6RD2(MUT) animals experience no inflammatory disease or macrophage deregulation. These results reveal an essential role for RD2 repression in early GC commitment and striking biochemical specificity in Bcl6 control of humoral and innate immune-cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christine M Cote
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Matt Teater
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kezhi Dai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ann M Haberman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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20
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Hatzi K, Melnick A. Breaking bad in the germinal center: how deregulation of BCL6 contributes to lymphomagenesis. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:343-52. [PMID: 24698494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) transcriptional repressor is a master regulator of the germinal center (GC) B cell program, required for their unique proliferative and stress tolerant phenotype. Most B cell lymphomas arise from GC B cells and are dependent on the continued or deregulated expression of BCL6 to maintain their survival. The actions of BCL6 in B cells involve formation of distinct chromatin modifying complexes that silence specific promoter and enhancer networks, respectively. The same biochemical mechanisms are maintained in malignant lymphoma cells. Targeted inhibition of these BCL6 functions has emerged as the basis for rational design of lymphoma therapies and combinatorial regimens. In this review, we summarize recent advances on BCL6 mechanisms of action and the deregulation of its target gene networks in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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21
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Lai AY, Mav D, Shah R, Grimm SA, Phadke D, Hatzi K, Melnick A, Geigerman C, Sobol SE, Jaye DL, Wade PA. DNA methylation profiling in human B cells reveals immune regulatory elements and epigenetic plasticity at Alu elements during B-cell activation. Genome Res 2013; 23:2030-41. [PMID: 24013550 PMCID: PMC3847773 DOI: 10.1101/gr.155473.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, wherein lymphocytes mount a superior response to a previously encountered antigen. It has been speculated that epigenetic alterations in memory lymphocytes contribute to their functional distinction from their naive counterparts. However, the nature and extent of epigenetic alterations in memory compartments remain poorly characterized. Here we profile the DNA methylome and the transcriptome of B-lymphocyte subsets representing stages of the humoral immune response before and after antigen exposure in vivo from multiple humans. A significant percentage of activation-induced losses of DNA methylation mapped to transcription factor binding sites. An additional class of demethylated loci mapped to Alu elements across the genome and accompanied repression of DNA methyltransferase 3A. The activation-dependent DNA methylation changes were largely retained in the progeny of activated B cells, generating a similar epigenetic signature in downstream memory B cells and plasma cells with distinct transcriptional programs. These findings provide insights into the methylation dynamics of the genome during cellular differentiation in an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Y Lai
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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22
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Hatzi K, Jiang Y, Huang C, Garrett-Bakelman F, Gearhart MD, Giannopoulou EG, Zumbo P, Kirouac K, Bhaskara S, Polo JM, Kormaksson M, MacKerell AD, Xue F, Mason CE, Hiebert SW, Prive GG, Cerchietti L, Bardwell VJ, Elemento O, Melnick A. A hybrid mechanism of action for BCL6 in B cells defined by formation of functionally distinct complexes at enhancers and promoters. Cell Rep 2013; 4:578-88. [PMID: 23911289 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL6 transcriptional repressor is required for the development of germinal center (GC) B cells and diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Although BCL6 can recruit multiple corepressors, its transcriptional repression mechanism of action in normal and malignant B cells is unknown. We find that in B cells, BCL6 mostly functions through two independent mechanisms that are collectively essential to GC formation and DLBCL, both mediated through its N-terminal BTB domain. These are (1) the formation of a unique ternary BCOR-SMRT complex at promoters, with each corepressor binding to symmetrical sites on BCL6 homodimers linked to specific epigenetic chromatin features, and (2) the "toggling" of active enhancers to a poised but not erased conformation through SMRT-dependent H3K27 deacetylation, which is mediated by HDAC3 and opposed by p300 histone acetyltransferase. Dynamic toggling of enhancers provides a basis for B cells to undergo rapid transcriptional and phenotypic changes in response to signaling or environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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23
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Hurtz C, Hatzi K, Cerchietti L, Braig M, Park E, Kim YM, Herzog S, Ramezani-Rad P, Jumaa H, Müller MC, Hofmann WK, Hochhaus A, Ye BH, Agarwal A, Druker BJ, Shah NP, Melnick AM, Müschen M. BCL6-mediated repression of p53 is critical for leukemia stem cell survival in chronic myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:2163-74. [PMID: 21911423 PMCID: PMC3201200 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is induced by the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase and can be effectively treated for many years with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, unless CML patients receive life-long TKI treatment, leukemia will eventually recur; this is attributed to the failure of TKI treatment to eradicate leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Recent work demonstrated that FoxO factors are critical for maintenance of CML-initiating cells; however, the mechanism of FoxO-dependent leukemia initiation remained elusive. Here, we identified the BCL6 protooncogene as a critical effector downstream of FoxO in self-renewal signaling of CML-initiating cells. BCL6 represses Arf and p53 in CML cells and is required for colony formation and initiation of leukemia. Importantly, peptide inhibition of BCL6 in human CML cells compromises colony formation and leukemia initiation in transplant recipients and selectively eradicates CD34+ CD38− LICs in patient-derived CML samples. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of BCL6 may represent a novel strategy to eradicate LICs in CML. Clinical validation of this concept could limit the duration of TKI treatment in CML patients, which is currently life-long, and substantially decrease the risk of blast crisis transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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24
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Cerchietti LC, Hatzi K, Caldas-Lopes E, Yang SN, Figueroa ME, Morin RD, Hirst M, Mendez L, Shaknovich R, Cole PA, Bhalla K, Gascoyne RD, Marra M, Chiosis G, Melnick A. BCL6 repression of EP300 in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells provides a basis for rational combinatorial therapy. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:4569-82. [PMID: 21041953 DOI: 10.1172/jci42869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), which encodes a transcriptional repressor, is a critical oncogene in diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Although a retro-inverted BCL6 peptide inhibitor (RI-BPI) was recently shown to potently kill DLBCL cells, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that RI-BPI induces a particular gene expression signature in human DLBCL cell lines that included genes associated with the actions of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and Hsp90 inhibitors. BCL6 directly repressed the expression of p300 lysine acetyltransferase (EP300) and its cofactor HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (BAT3). RI-BPI induced expression of p300 and BAT3, resulting in acetylation of p300 targets including p53 and Hsp90. Induction of p300 and BAT3 was required for the antilymphoma effects of RI-BPI, since specific blockade of either protein rescued human DLBCL cell lines from the BCL6 inhibitor. Consistent with this, combination of RI-BPI with either an HDAC inhibitor (HDI) or an Hsp90 inhibitor potently suppressed or even eradicated established human DLBCL xenografts in mice. Furthermore, HDAC and Hsp90 inhibitors independently enhanced RI-BPI killing of primary human DLBCL cells in vitro. We also show that p300-inactivating mutations occur naturally in human DLBCL patients and may confer resistance to BCL6 inhibitors. Thus, BCL6 repression of EP300 provides a basis for rational targeted combinatorial therapy for patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Cerchietti
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eloisi Caldas-Lopes
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lourdes Mendez
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rita Shaknovich
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Philip A Cole
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kapil Bhalla
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco Marra
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ari Melnick
- Hematology and Oncology Division, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, USA. Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA. Centre for Lymphoid Cancers and the Departments of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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25
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Cerchietti LC, Lopes EC, Yang SN, Hatzi K, Bunting K, Tsikitas L, Mallik A, Robles AI, Walling J, Varticovski L, Shaknovich R, Bhalla K, Chiosis G, Melnick AM. A purine scaffold Hsp90 inhibitor destabilizes BCL-6 and has specific antitumor activity in BCL-6-dependent B cell lymphomas. Nat Med 2009; 15:1369-76. [PMID: 19966776 PMCID: PMC2805915 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors selectively kill diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) that depend on the BCL-6 transcriptional repressor. We found that endogenous Hsp90 interacts with BCL-6 in DLBCL cells and can stabilize BCL-6 mRNA and protein. Hsp90 formed a complex with BCL-6 at its target promoters, and Hsp90 inhibitors derepressed BCL-6 target genes. A stable mutant of BCL-6 rescued DLBCL cells from Hsp90 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. BCL-6 and Hsp90 were almost invariantly coexpressed in the nuclei of primary DLBCL cells, suggesting that their interaction is relevant in this disease. We examined the pharmacokinetics, toxicity and efficacy of PU-H71, a recently developed purine-derived Hsp90 inhibitor. PU-H71 preferentially accumulated in lymphomas compared to normal tissues and selectively suppressed BCL-6-dependent DLBCLs in vivo, inducing reactivation of key BCL-6 target genes and apoptosis. PU-H71 also induced cell death in primary human DLBCL specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Cerchietti
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Eloisi C Lopes
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Katerina Hatzi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Karen Bunting
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Lucas Tsikitas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Alka Mallik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer Walling
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD
| | - Lyuba Varticovski
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD
| | - Rita Shaknovich
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Kapil Bhalla
- Medical College of Georgia Cancer Center. Augusta, GA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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Belessi C, Stamatopoulos K, Hadzidimitriou A, Hatzi K, Smilevska T, Stavroyianni N, Marantidou F, Paterakis G, Fassas A, Anagnostopoulos A, Laoutaris N. Analysis of expressed and non-expressed IGK locus rearrangements in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Med 2009; 11:52-8. [PMID: 16622520 PMCID: PMC1449522 DOI: 10.2119/2005-00044.belessi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin kappa (IGK) locus rearrangements were analyzed in parallel on cDNA/genomic DNA in 188 kappa- and 103 lambda-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases. IGKV-KDE and IGKJ-C-intron-KDE rearrangements were also analyzed on genomic DNA. In kappa-CLL, only 3 of 188 cases carried double in-frame IGKV-J transcripts: in such cases, the possibility that leukemic cells expressed more than one kappa chain cannot be excluded. Twenty-eight kappa-CLL cases also carried nonexpressed (nontranscribed and/or out-of-frame) IGKV-J rearrangements. Taking IGKV-J, IGKV-KDE, and IGKJ-C-intron-KDE rearrangements together, 38% of kappa-CLL cases carried biallelic IGK locus rearrangements. In lambda-CLL, 69 IGKV-J rearrangements were detected in 64 of 103 cases (62%); 24 rearrangements (38.2%) were in-frame. Four cases carried in-frame IGKV-J transcripts but retained monotypic light-chain expression, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of allelic exclusion. In all, taking IGKV-J, IGKV-KDE, and IGKJ-C-intron-KDE rearrangements together, 97% of lambda-CLL cases had at least 1 rearranged IGK allele, in keeping with normal cells. IG repertoire comparisons in kappa- versus lambda-CLL revealed that CLL precursor cells tried many rearrangements on the same IGK allele before they became lambda producers. Thirteen of 28 and 26 of 69 non-expressed sequences in, respectively, kappa- or lambda-CLL had < 100% homology to germline. This finding might be considered as evidence for secondary rearrangements occurring after the onset of somatic hypermutation, at least in some cases. The inactivation of potentially functional IGKV-J joints by secondary rearrangements indicates active receptor editing in CLL and provides further evidence for the role of antigen in CLL immunopathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Joining Region/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA Editing/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Recombination, Genetic/immunology
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Catera R, Silverman GJ, Hatzi K, Seiler T, Didier S, Zhang L, Hervé M, Meffre E, Oscier DG, Vlassara H, Scofield RH, Chen Y, Allen SL, Kolitz J, Rai KR, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells recognize conserved epitopes associated with apoptosis and oxidation. Mol Med 2008; 14:665-74. [PMID: 19009014 DOI: 10.2119/2008-00102.catera] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the outgrowth of a CD5(+) B cell. Its etiology is unknown. The structure of membrane Ig on CLL cells of unrelated patients can be remarkably similar. Therefore, antigen binding and stimulation could contribute to clonal selection and expansion as well as disease promotion. Initial studies suggest that CLL mAbs bind autoantigens. Since apoptosis can make autoantigens accessible for recognition by antibodies, and also create neo-epitopes by chemical modifications occurring naturally during this process, we sought to determine if CLL mAbs recognize autoantigens associated with apoptosis. In general, ~60% of CLL mAbs bound the surfaces of apoptotic cells, were polyreactive, and expressed unmutated IGHV. mAbs recognized two types of antigens: native molecules located within healthy cells, which relocated to the external cell surface during apoptosis; and/or neoantigens, generated by oxidation during the apoptotic process. Some of the latter epitopes are similar to those on bacteria and other microbes. Although most of the reactive mAbs were not mutated, the use of unmutated IGHV did not bestow autoreactivity automatically, since several such mAbs were not reactive. Particular IGHV and IGHV/D/J rearrangements contributed to autoantigen binding, although the presence and degree of reactivity varied based on specific structural elements. Thus, clonal expansion in CLL may be stimulated by autoantigens occurring naturally during apoptosis. These data suggest that CLL may derive from normal B cells whose function is to remove cellular debris, and also to provide a first line of defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Catera
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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28
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Chiorazzi N, Hatzi K, Albesiano E. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a clonal disease of B lymphocytes with receptors that vary in specificity for (auto)antigens. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1062:1-12. [PMID: 16461783 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1358.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
B-Cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is an incurable disease that is relatively common among aging Caucasians. Patients with this leukemia can be divided into prognostic categories using clinical staging parameters, as well as molecular features [presence or absence of IgVH mutations in rearranged VHDJH segments that code for the leukemic B cell's receptor for antigen (BCR)]. In addition, the deduced amino acid structure of the BCRs from patients that fall into different prognostic categories is shared, to varying degrees, within these groups. In this paper, the molecular features of the genes that code for the BCRs of B-CLL patients are reviewed, and these are compared to antibodies of known specificity. These comparisons suggest that the BCRs of many cases resemble autoantibodies, and in some cases, antibodies to microbial antigens. Antigen-binding analyses confirm these impressions, and also indicate that polyreactivity appears to distinguish cases with worse clinical outcomes differ from those with better outcomes. The persistence of autoreactivity and polyreactivity is somewhat surprising, because IgV DNA sequence analyses suggest that many of the B cells that become leukemic have undergone one form or another of receptor editing. Thus, B-CLL appears to be a disease of B-cell clones that have undergone various types of receptor reconfiguration and yet retain inappropriate antigen-binding properties.
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MESH Headings
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoantigens/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Clone Cells
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chiorazzi
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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29
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Hadzidimitriou A, Stamatopoulos K, Belessi C, Lalayianni C, Stavroyianni N, Smilevska T, Hatzi K, Laoutaris N, Anagnostopoulos A, Kollia P, Fassas A. Immunoglobulin genes in multiple myeloma: expressed and non-expressed repertoires, heavy and light chain pairings and somatic mutation patterns in a series of 101 cases. Haematologica 2006; 91:781-7. [PMID: 16769580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The available data on the immunoglobulin gene (IG) repertoire in multiple myeloma (MM) derive mainly from heavy chains; considerably less is known about light chains. We assessed in parallel IGH and IGK/IGL rearrangements in 101 MM patients so as to gain insight into: (i) IG repertoires; (ii) antigen impact; (iii) the role of receptor editing. DESIGN AND METHODS Bone marrow aspirates were collected from all cases. IGHV-(D)-J and IGLV-J rearrangements were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In all cases, IGKV-J rearrangements were analyzed in parallel on cDNA/genomic DNA. IGKV-KDE and IGKJ-C-INTRON-KDE were also amplified by DNA-PCR. RT-PCR products were directly sequenced. RESULTS IGHV3 genes predominated; the IGHV4-34 gene was used in only one case. Five IGKV and five IGLV genes accounted for the majority of in-frame, transcribed IGKV-J or IGLV-J rearrangements. Taking IGKV-J, IGKV-KDE and IGKJ-C-INTRON-KDE rearrangements together, biallelic IGK locus rearrangements were detected in 22/43 k-MM cases. In l-MM, 36/42 cases had at least one rearranged IGK allele; 8/19 IGKV-J rearrangements in l-MM were in-frame. All in-frame, transcribed IGH/IGK/IGL sequences were mutated; parallel heavy/light chain analysis demonstrated a comparable impact of somatic hypermutation. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Biases in IG repertoire did not seem disease-related but followed a similar pattern to that of the normal repertoire. The under-representation of the IGHV4-34 gene provides an explanation for the paucity of autoimmune phenomena in MM. Somatic mutation patterns indicate the complementary role of MM IGH/IGK/IGL sequences in antigen recognition. Finally, the frequent inactivation of productive IGKV-J joints by secondary rearrangements in MM suggests active receptor editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Hadzidimitriou
- Hematology Department and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessalonik, Greece.
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30
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Stamatopoulos K, Belessi C, Hadzidimitriou A, Smilevska T, Kalagiakou E, Hatzi K, Stavroyianni N, Athanasiadou A, Tsompanakou A, Papadaki T, Kokkini G, Paterakis G, Saloum R, Laoutaris N, Anagnostopoulos A, Fassas A. Immunoglobulin light chain repertoire in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2005; 106:3575-83. [PMID: 16076869 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin kappa (IGK) and immunoglobulin lambda (IGL) light chain repertoire was analyzed in 276 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases and compared with the relevant repertoires from normal, autoreactive, and neoplastic cells. Twenty-one functional IGKV genes were used in IGKV-J rearrangements of 179 kappa-CLL cases; the most frequent genes were IGKV3-20(A27), IGKV1-39/1D-39(O2/O12), IGKV1-5(L12), IGKV4-1(B3), and IGKV2-30(A17); 90 (50.3%) of 179 IGK sequences were mutated (similarity < 98%). Twenty functional IGLV genes were used in IGLV-J rearrangements of 97 lambda-CLL cases; the most frequent genes were IGLV3-21(VL2-14), IGLV2-8(VL1-2), and IGLV2-14(VL1-4); 44 of 97 IGL sequences (45.4%) were mutated. Subsets with "CLL-biased" homologous complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) were identified: (1) IGKV2-30-IGKJ2, 7 sequences with homologous kappa CDR3 (KCDR3), 5 of 7 associated with homologous IGHV4-34 heavy chains; (2) IGKV1-39/1D-39-IGKJ1/4, 4 unmutated sequences with homologous KCDR3, 2 of 4 associated with homologous IGHV4-39 heavy chains; (3) IGKV1-5-IGKJ1/3, 4 sequences with homologous KCDR3, 2 of 4 associated with unmutated nonhomologous IGHV4-39 heavy chains; (4) IGLV1-44-IGLJ2/3, 2 sequences with homologous lambda CDR3 (LCDR3), associated with homologous IGHV4-b heavy chains; and (5) IGLV3-21-IGLJ2/3, 9 sequences with homologous LCDR3, 3 of 9 associated with homologous IGHV3-21 heavy chains. The existence of subsets that comprise given IGKV-J/IGLV-J domains associated with IGHV-D-J domains that display homologous CDR3 provides further evidence for the role of antigen in CLL pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Hematology Department and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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