101
|
Mapping Genetics and Epigenetics to Explore the Pathways beyond the Correlated Ageing Phenotype. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112169. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is defined by the decline in the biological and physiological functions over time, which leads to health problems and increases risks of diseases. The modern societies are characterised by an ageing population, which represents challenges for the healthcare system. Within this context, there is a need to better understand the biological mechanisms beyond ageing in order to optimise geriatric therapies and medical approaches. Herein, we suggest exploring the genetic and epigenetic patterns related to ageing and correlate them with the ageing-related phenotype of the biological entities in order to establish mechanistic links and map the molecular pathways. Such links would have diverse implications in basic research, in clinics, as well as for therapeutic studies.
Collapse
|
102
|
Sheinboim D, Parikh S, Manich P, Markus I, Dahan S, Parikh R, Stubbs E, Cohen G, Zemser-Werner V, Bell RE, Ruiz SA, Percik R, Brenner R, Leibou S, Vaknine H, Arad G, Gerber Y, Keinan-Boker L, Shimony T, Bikovski L, Goldstein N, Constantini K, Labes S, Mordechai S, Doron H, Lonescu A, Ziv T, Nizri E, Choshen G, Eldar-Finkelman H, Tabach Y, Helman A, Ben-Eliyahu S, Erez N, Perlson E, Geiger T, Ben-Zvi D, Khaled M, Gepner Y, Levy C. An Exercise-Induced Metabolic Shield in Distant Organs Blocks Cancer Progression and Metastatic Dissemination. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4164-4178. [PMID: 36084256 PMCID: PMC9762351 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise prevents cancer incidence and recurrence, yet the underlying mechanism behind this relationship remains mostly unknown. Here we report that exercise induces the metabolic reprogramming of internal organs that increases nutrient demand and protects against metastatic colonization by limiting nutrient availability to the tumor, generating an exercise-induced metabolic shield. Proteomic and ex vivo metabolic capacity analyses of murine internal organs revealed that exercise induces catabolic processes, glucose uptake, mitochondrial activity, and GLUT expression. Proteomic analysis of routinely active human subject plasma demonstrated increased carbohydrate utilization following exercise. Epidemiologic data from a 20-year prospective study of a large human cohort of initially cancer-free participants revealed that exercise prior to cancer initiation had a modest impact on cancer incidence in low metastatic stages but significantly reduced the likelihood of highly metastatic cancer. In three models of melanoma in mice, exercise prior to cancer injection significantly protected against metastases in distant organs. The protective effects of exercise were dependent on mTOR activity, and inhibition of the mTOR pathway with rapamycin treatment ex vivo reversed the exercise-induced metabolic shield. Under limited glucose conditions, active stroma consumed significantly more glucose at the expense of the tumor. Collectively, these data suggest a clash between the metabolic plasticity of cancer and exercise-induced metabolic reprogramming of the stroma, raising an opportunity to block metastasis by challenging the metabolic needs of the tumor. SIGNIFICANCE Exercise protects against cancer progression and metastasis by inducing a high nutrient demand in internal organs, indicating that reducing nutrient availability to tumor cells represents a potential strategy to prevent metastasis. See related commentary by Zerhouni and Piskounova, p. 4124.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danna Sheinboim
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shivang Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paulee Manich
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Markus
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sapir Dahan
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elisa Stubbs
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gali Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Stanley Steyer Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Rachel E. Bell
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sara Arciniegas Ruiz
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ruth Percik
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Endocrinology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Institute of Oncology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Stav Leibou
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hananya Vaknine
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Gali Arad
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yariv Gerber
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Stanley Steyer Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Shimony
- Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Lior Bikovski
- The Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Constantini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sapir Labes
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shimonov Mordechai
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Surgery, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Hila Doron
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Lonescu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- The Smoler Proteomics Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Nizri
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Choshen
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky (Ichilov) Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Eldar-Finkelman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Tabach
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aharon Helman
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Perlson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Geiger
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Danny Ben-Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel–Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Corresponding Authors: Carmit Levy, Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. E-mail: ; Yftach Gepner, E-mail: ; and Mehdi Khaled, E-mail:
| | - Yftach Gepner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Corresponding Authors: Carmit Levy, Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. E-mail: ; Yftach Gepner, E-mail: ; and Mehdi Khaled, E-mail:
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Corresponding Authors: Carmit Levy, Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. E-mail: ; Yftach Gepner, E-mail: ; and Mehdi Khaled, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Baker C, Hunt J, Piasecki J, Hough J. Lymphocyte and dendritic cell response to a period of intensified training in young healthy humans and rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998925. [PMID: 36439269 PMCID: PMC9691956 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intensified training coupled with sufficient recovery is required to improve athletic performance. A stress-recovery imbalance can lead to negative states of overtraining. Hormonal alterations associated with intensified training, such as blunted cortisol, may impair the immune response. Cortisol promotes the maturation and migration of dendritic cells which subsequently stimulate the T cell response. However, there are currently no clear reliable biomarkers to highlight the overtraining syndrome. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of intensified training on immune cells. Outcomes from this could provide insight into whether these markers may be used as an indicator of negative states of overtraining. Methods: SPORTDiscus, PUBMED, Academic Search Complete, Scopus and Web of Science were searched until June 2022. Included articles reported on immune biomarkers relating to lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and cytokines before and after a period of intensified training, in humans and rodents, at rest and in response to exercise. Results: 164 full texts were screened for eligibility. Across 57 eligible studies, 16 immune biomarkers were assessed. 7 were assessed at rest and in response to a bout of exercise, and 9 assessed at rest only. Included lymphocyte markers were CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell count, NK cell count, NK Cytolytic activity, lymphocyte proliferation and CD4/CD8 ratio. Dendritic cell markers examined were CD80, CD86, and MHC II expression. Cytokines included IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ. A period of intensified training significantly decreased resting total lymphocyte (d= -0.57, 95% CI -0.30) and CD8+ T cell counts (d= -0.37, 95% CI -0.04), and unstimulated plasma IL-1β levels (d= -0.63, 95% CI -0.17). Resting dendritic cell CD86 expression significantly increased (d = 2.18, 95% CI 4.07). All other biomarkers remained unchanged. Conclusion: Although some biomarkers alter after a period of intensified training, definitive immune biomarkers are limited. Specifically, due to low study numbers, further investigation into the dendritic cell response in human models is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Baker
- SHAPE Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Carla Baker,
| | - John Hunt
- Medical Technologies Innovation Facility, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Piasecki
- SHAPE Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - John Hough
- SHAPE Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Koivula T, Lempiäinen S, Laine S, Sjöros T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Garthwaite T, Löyttyniemi E, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen IHA. Cross-Sectional Associations of Body Adiposity, Sedentary Behavior, and Physical Activity with Hemoglobin and White Blood Cell Count. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114347. [PMID: 36361221 PMCID: PMC9657926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether hemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell count (WBC) associate with body adiposity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA), when adjusted for body mass index (BMI). METHODS The cross-sectional analysis included 144 participants (42 men) with a mean age of 57.0 years and a mean BMI of 31.7 kg/m2. SB and standing time, breaks in sedentary time and PA were measured during four consecutive weeks with hip-worn accelerometers. A fasting blood sample was collected from each participant during the 4-week measurement period and analyzed using Sysmex XN and Cobas 8000 c702 analyzers. Associations of WBC, Hb and other red blood cell markers with cardiometabolic risk factors and physical activity were examined by Pearson's partial correlation coefficient test and with linear mixed regression models. RESULTS In sex- and age-adjusted correlation analyses both BMI and waist circumference correlated positively with Hb, WBC, red blood cell count (RBC), and hematocrit. Hb was also positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance scores, liver enzymes, LDL, and triglyceride levels. Sedentary time correlated positively with WBC, whereas standing time correlated negatively with WBC. Lying time correlated positively with WBC, RBC, hematocrit, and Hb. Regarding SB and PA measures, only the association between lying time and RBC remained significant after adjustment for the BMI. CONCLUSION We conclude that body adiposity, rather than components of SB or PA, associates with Hb levels and WBC, which cluster with general metabolic derangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Koivula
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Salla Lempiäinen
- Oncology Clinic, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka H. A. Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, University of Halmstad, 30118 Halmstad, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-3138145
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Herranz‐Gómez A, Cuenca‐Martínez F, Suso‐Martí L, Varangot‐Reille C, Calatayud J, Blanco‐Díaz M, Casaña J. Effectiveness of HIIT in patients with cancer or cancer survivors: An umbrella and mapping review with meta-meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1522-1549. [PMID: 35925829 PMCID: PMC9804206 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the available evidence on the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in addition to first-choice cancer treatment on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), quality of life (QoL), adherence, and adverse effects of HIIT in patients with cancer or cancer survivors. METHODS An umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis (MMA) was performed. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science until August 2021. Article selection, quality assessment, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. The MMA were performed with a random-effects model and the summary statistics were presented in the form of forest plot with a weighted compilation of all standardized mean differences (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Seven systematic reviews were included. Regarding CRF, the addition of HIIT to cancer treatment showed statistically significant differences with a small clinical effect, compared with adding other treatments (SMD = 0.45; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.65). There was no significant difference when compared with adding moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) (SMD = 0.23; 95% CI -0.04 to 0.50). QoL showed positive results although with some controversy. Adherence to HIIT intervention was high, ranging from 54% to 100%. Regarding adverse effects, most of the systematic reviews reported none, and in the cases in which they occurred, they were mild. CONCLUSION In conjunction with first-choice cancer treatment, HIIT has been shown to be an effective intervention in terms of CRF and QoL, as well as having optimal adherence rate. In addition, the implementation of HIIT in patients with cancer or cancer survivors is safe as it showed no or few adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Herranz‐Gómez
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH‐RG), Department of PhysiotherapyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health SciencesEuropean University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Ferran Cuenca‐Martínez
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH‐RG), Department of PhysiotherapyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Luis Suso‐Martí
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH‐RG), Department of PhysiotherapyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Clovis Varangot‐Reille
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH‐RG), Department of PhysiotherapyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH‐RG), Department of PhysiotherapyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - María Blanco‐Díaz
- Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialities Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of OviedoOviedoAsturiasSpain
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH‐RG), Department of PhysiotherapyUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Effect of aerobic exercise on lung regeneration and inflammation in mice. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
107
|
Davis AR, Goodenough CG, Westerlind KC, Strange R, Deaver JW, Ryan PJ, Riechman SE, Fluckey JD. Myokines derived from contracting skeletal muscle suppress anabolism in MCF7 breast cancer cells by inhibiting mTOR. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033585. [PMID: 36388131 PMCID: PMC9644210 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that physical activity has a profound protective effect against multiple types of cancer. Here, we show that this effect may be mediated by factors released from skeletal muscle during simulated exercise, in situ, which suppress canonical anabolic signaling in breast cancer. We report attenuated growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells in the presence of a rodent-derived exercise conditioned perfusate, independent of prior exercise training. This reduction was concomitant with increased levels of DEPTOR protein and reduced mTOR activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Davis
- Texas A&M University, School of Education and Human Development, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Chelsea G. Goodenough
- Texas A&M University, School of Education and Human Development, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kim C. Westerlind
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Robert Strange
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - John W. Deaver
- Texas A&M University, School of Education and Human Development, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Patrick J. Ryan
- Texas A&M University, School of Education and Human Development, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Steven E. Riechman
- Texas A&M University, School of Education and Human Development, College Station, TX, United States
| | - James D. Fluckey
- Texas A&M University, School of Education and Human Development, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Chang M, Wang J, Hashim HA, Xie S, Malik AA. Effect of high-intensity interval training on aerobic capacity and fatigue among patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:348. [PMID: 36261844 PMCID: PMC9580114 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study focused on evaluating whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) had an effect on aerobic capacity and fatigue among patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and exploring its effect on the immune system of PCa patients. METHODS To investigate the potential effect of HIIT on patients with prostate cancer, a meta-analysis was carried out. From January 2012 to August 2022, studies that met predefined criteria were searched in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases. Analysis of the standardized mean differences was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS This review examined a total of 6 articles. There were 215 male patients with PCa involved, and the mean age was 64.4 years. According to the results of the meta-analysis, the HIIT group (n = 63) had greater VO2peak (P<0.01) than the control group (CON) (n = 52) (P = 0.30, I2 = 19% in the heterogeneity test; MD, 1.39 [0.50, 2.27]). Moreover, fatigue was significantly different (P<0.01) between the HIIT (n = 62) and CON (n = 61) groups (P = 0.78, I2 = 0% in the heterogeneity test; SMD, -0.52 [-0.88, -0.16]). Furthermore, among PCa patients, HIIT showed higher efficacy (P < 0.01) in decreasing PSA than the CON regimen (P=0.22, I2 = 34% in the heterogeneity test; MD, -1.13 [-1.91, -0.34]). CONCLUSIONS HIIT improves aerobic capacity, fatigue, and PSA levels among PCa patients but does not significantly affect IL-6 or TNF-α content. Therefore, HIIT may be a novel and potent intervention scheme for PCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chang
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Junguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hiser hospital), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hairul A Hashim
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Shihao Xie
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Adam A Malik
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
de Boniface J, Altena R, Haddad Ringborg C, Bolam KA, Wengström Y. Physical exercise during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer as a mean to increase pathological complete response rates: Trial protocol of the randomized Neo-ACT trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274804. [PMID: 36227931 PMCID: PMC9562167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In early breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is increasingly used. The proof of efficacy is pathologically complete response (pCR), i.e. the absence of invasive tumour in breast and lymph nodes at surgery. Today, pCR is a common endpoint in pharmaceutical trials since it is significantly associated with survival especially in triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes. Apart from the mitigation of treatment-related toxicity and symptoms, physical exercise mediates anti-tumoral systemic effects associated with tumour regression in preclinical and clinical models. The aim of Neo-ACT is to test the hypothesis that physical exercise can improve pCR rates in breast cancer patients receiving NACT. METHOD The Neo-ACT trial is a prospective clinical trial, randomising T1-3N0-2 breast cancer patients planned for NACT to either a home-based physical exercise intervention supported by a mobile application or routine care. The primary endpoint is pCR; secondary endpoints are patient-reported quality of life, toxicity-related outcomes, and oncological outcomes such as Residual Cancer Burden, objective radiological tumour response, as well as overall, breast cancer-specific and disease-free survival at 2, 5 and 10 years. The intervention consists of a combination of high-intensity interval and resistance training of progressing intensity, and includes at least 150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week, inclusive of two weekly 60-min exercise sessions. In order to show an improvement in pCR of 10%, a total of 712 participants need to be included in the analysis. The Neo-ACT has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov on January 11, 2022 (NCT05184582). EXPECTED RESULTS If Neo-ACT can prove the oncological efficacy of physical exercise, implementation of training programmes into NACT schedules will be pursued. The use of a digitally led exercise intervention aims to test the potential of such a strategy for use in rural areas and areas of limited resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana de Boniface
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Capio St. Göran’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Renske Altena
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Haddad Ringborg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kate A. Bolam
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Wengström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Wang F, Duan H, Xu W, Sheng G, Sun Z, Chu H. Light-activated nanomaterials for tumor immunotherapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:1031811. [PMID: 36277335 PMCID: PMC9585221 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1031811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy mainly relies on activating the immune system to achieve antitumor treatment. However, the present tumor immunotherapy used in the clinic showed low treatment efficacy with high systematic toxicity. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional drugs for immunotherapy, a series of antitumor immunotherapies based on nanomaterials have been developed to enhance the body’s antitumor immune response and reduce systematic toxicity. Due to the noninvasiveness, remote controllability, and high temporal and spatial resolution of light, photocontrolled nanomaterials irradiated by excitation light have been widely used in drug delivery and photocontrolled switching. This review aims to highlight recent advances in antitumor immunotherapy based on photocontrolled nanomaterials. We emphasized the advantages of nanocomposites for antitumor immunotherapy and highlighted the latest progress of antitumor immunotherapy based on photoactivated nanomaterials. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of light-activated nanomaterials in antitumor immunity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Duan
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhe Xu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Sheng
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongqian Chu,
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Papadopoulos E, Santa Mina D, Abu Helal A, Alibhai SMH. The relationship between objective measures of physical function and serum lactate dehydrogenase in older adults with cancer prior to treatment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275782. [PMID: 36201554 PMCID: PMC9536539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) reflects tumor burden and is a prognosticator of all-cause mortality in patients with cancer. Objective measures of physical function are associated with clinically relevant outcomes in older adults with cancer. However, whether physical function is associated with LDH in geriatric oncology is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between objective measures of physical function and serum LDH in older adults with cancer prior to treatment. METHODS Data from older adults with cancer prior to treatment were retrieved from an institutional database and medical records within a tertiary cancer centre. Physical function measures involved muscle strength and physical performance. Muscle strength and physical performance were assessed through grip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), respectively. LDH was log transformed using the natural logarithm. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between objective measures of physical function and LDH prior to treatment in all participants. Stratified analyses were performed for participants with solid and hematological cancers. RESULTS A total of 257 participants (mean age: 80.2y) were included in the analysis. Most participants were females (50.6%) and were diagnosed with locally advanced (26.8%), gastrointestinal disease (35.0%). The multivariable analysis indicated that SPPB was inversely associated with LDH in all participants (B = -0.019, 95%CI = -0.036 to -0.002, p = 0.028). Notably, the inverse relationship between SPPB and LDH persisted only in patients with hematological malignancies in the multivariable model of the stratified analysis (B = -0.049, 95%CI = -0.087 to -0.011, p = 0.013). Neither grip strength alone nor the combination of low grip strength and/or SPPB were associated with LDH. Compared to participants with metastatic disease, those with localized or locally advanced disease had lower serum LDH. CONCLUSION Physical performance is inversely associated with serum LDH in older adults with hematological cancers prior to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Abu Helal
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabbir M. H. Alibhai
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Djurhuus SS, Schauer T, Simonsen C, Toft BG, Jensen ARD, Erler JT, Røder MA, Hojman P, Brasso K, Christensen JF. Effects of acute exercise training on tumor outcomes in men with localized prostate cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15408. [PMID: 36199257 PMCID: PMC9535256 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Postdiagnosis physical activity is associated with improved cancer outcomes, but biological mechanisms mediating anticancer effects remain unclear. Recent findings suggest that physiological adaptations to acute exercise comprise potential anticancer effects, but these remain poorly explored in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of a single exercise bout on tumor oxygenation and immune cell infiltration in patients with prostate cancer. Thirty patients with localized prostate cancer were randomized (2:1) to either one high-intensity interval training bout or no exercise on the day before radical prostatectomy. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on prostatic tissue from surgery and assessed for tumor hypoxia, natural killer (NK) cell infiltration, and microvessel density (MVD). Acute systemic response in blood lymphocytes, epinephrine, norepinephrine, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, cortisol, lactate, and glucose was also evaluated. We did not find between-group differences in tumor hypoxia (Mann-Whitney U test, U = 83.5, p = 0.604) or NK cell infiltration (U = 77.0, p = 0.328). Also, no significant correlation was found between MVD and tumor hypoxia or NK cell infiltration. One exercise bout is likely insufficient to modulate tumor hypoxia or NK cell infiltration. Future studies may elucidate if an accumulation of several exercise bouts can impact these outcomes (NCT03675529, www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Schauer
- Centre for Physical Activity ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Casper Simonsen
- Centre for Physical Activity ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Birgitte Grønkær Toft
- Department of PathologyCopenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Janine Terra Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC)University of Copenhagen (UCPH)CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Martin Andreas Røder
- Department of UrologyCopenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital –RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Pernille Hojman
- Centre for Physical Activity ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Department of UrologyCopenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital –RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper Frank Christensen
- Centre for Physical Activity ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital – RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- The Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsFaculty of Health Sciences at the University of Southern DenmarkDenmark
- Digestive Disease CenterBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Implication of Irisin in Different Types of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179971. [PMID: 36077366 PMCID: PMC9456043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a set of diseases characterized by several hallmark properties, such as increased angiogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The increased angiogenic activity constantly supplies the tumors with nutrients and a plethora of cytokines to ensure cell survival. Along these cytokines is a newly discovered protein, called irisin, which is released into the circulation after physical exercise. Irisin is the product of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) proteolytic cleavage. Recently it has been the topic of investigation in several types of cancer. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate its implication in different types of cancer. Our results suggest that irisin expression is decreased in cancer patients, thus it can be used as a valid biomarker for the diagnosis of several types of cancer. In addition, our results indicate that irisin may have an important role in tumor progression and metastasis since it is involved in multiple signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation and migration.
Collapse
|
114
|
Liu Y, He L, Wang W. Systematic assessment of microRNAs associated with lung cancer and physical exercise. Front Oncol 2022; 12:917667. [PMID: 36110941 PMCID: PMC9468783 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.917667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been evident that physical exercise reduces the risk of cancer and improves treatment efficacy in tumor patients, particularly in lung cancer (LC). Several molecular mechanisms have been reported, but the mechanisms related to microRNAs (miRNAs) are not well understood. MiRNAs modulated various basic biological processes by negatively regulating gene expression and can be transmitted between cells as signaling molecules. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are actively released into the circulation during exercise, and are deeply involved in cancer pathology. Hence, the role of exercise intervention in LC treatment may be further understood by identifying miRNAs associated with LC and physical activity. Here, miRNAs expression datasets related to LC and exercise were collected to screen altered miRNAs. Further bioinformatic approaches were performed to analyze the value of the selected miRNAs. The results identified 42 marker miRNAs in LC, of which three core-miRNAs (has-miR-195, has-miR-26b, and has-miR-126) were co-regulated by exercise and cancer, mainly involved in cell cycle and immunity. Our study supports the idea that using exercise intervention as adjuvant therapy for LC patients. These core-miRNAs, which are down-regulated in cancer but elevated by exercise, may act as suppressors in LC and serve as non-invasive biomarkers for cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Liu,
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Misiąg W, Piszczyk A, Szymańska-Chabowska A, Chabowski M. Physical Activity and Cancer Care—A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174154. [PMID: 36077690 PMCID: PMC9454950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this paper is to outline the role and potential benefits of physical activity for cancer patients. We present a review of publications on the subject in order to compare the findings reported in the literature and draw general conclusions that could help clinicians who provide cancer care to develop a more comprehensive treatment approach. This review may also help patients overcome barriers and become more motivated to take up physical activity, which would improve their quality of life. We wish to demonstrate to patients that physical activity should not be regarded as a burdensome medical recommendation but rather as a factor that can reduce the risk of cancer mortality and recurrence. Abstract In 2020, 19.3 million new cancer cases were diagnosed, and almost 10 million deaths from cancer were recorded. Cancer patients may experience fatigue, depression, anxiety, reduced quality of life and sleep problems. Cancer treatments cause numerous side effects and have a negative impact on all body systems. Physical activity is important for cancer patients. The aim of this review is to analyse recent studies on the role of physical activity in cancer patients and emphasize its importance. The review included 36 papers published in English between 2017 and 2021. The findings from these studies show that physical activity decreases the severity of side effects of cancer treatment, reduces fatigue, improves quality of life, has a positive impact on mental health and improves aerobic fitness in cancer patients. Moreover, it reduces the risk of cancer recurrence and death. Physical activity is recommended for patients with any type of cancer and at all stages of treatment. The type of physical activity should depend on the condition of the individual patient. It is extremely difficult to determine what type, intensity and duration of physical activity is likely to have the greatest effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Misiąg
- Student Research Club No. 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Piszczyk
- Student Research Club No. 180, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Szymańska-Chabowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Chabowski
- Department of Nursing and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-691-097-454
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Kraemer MB, Silva KC, Kraemer CCF, Pereira JS, dos Reis IGM, Priolli DG, Messias LHD. Validity of the peak velocity to detect physical training improvements in athymic mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:943498. [PMID: 36091383 PMCID: PMC9451039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.943498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study comprises two complementary experiments with athymic Balb/c (Nu/Nu) mice. In experiment 1, the aim was to verify the reproducibility of the peak velocity (VPeak) determined from the incremental test. The second experiment aimed to assess the VPeak sensitivity to prescribe and detect modulations of the physical training in athymic nude mice. Sixteen mice were submitted to two incremental treadmill tests separated by 48-h (Experiment 1). The test consisted of an initial warm-up of 5 minutes. Subsequently, animals initiated the tests at 8 m min−1 with increments of 2 m min−1 every 3 minutes. The VPeak was determined as the highest velocity attained during the protocol. In experiment 2, these animals were randomly allocated to an exercise group (EG) or a control group (CG). The training protocol consisted of 30-min of treadmill running at 70% of the VPeak five times a week for 4 weeks. High indexes of reproducibility were obtained for VPeak (Test = 19.7 ± 3.6 m min−1; Retest = 19.2 ± 3.4 m min−1; p = 0.171; effect size = 0.142; r = 0.90). Animals from the EG had a significant increase of VPeak (Before = 18.4 ± 2.7 m min−1; After = 24.2 ± 6.0 m min−1; p = 0.023). Conversely, a significant decrease was observed for the CG (Before = 21.1 ± 3.9 m min−1; After = 15.9 ± 2.7 m min−1; p = 0.038). The VPeak is a valid parameter for exercise prescription in studies involving athymic nude mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Beitia Kraemer
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Karen Christine Silva
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Camila Cunha França Kraemer
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Pereira
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Ivan Gustavo Masseli dos Reis
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Denise Gonçalves Priolli
- Coloproctology Service of the Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo and Faculty of Health Sciences Pitágoras de Codó, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias
- Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology (GTAFE), Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco Messias,
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Piergentili R, Basile G, Nocella C, Carnevale R, Marinelli E, Patrone R, Zaami S. Using ncRNAs as Tools in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment-The Way towards Personalized Medicine to Improve Patients' Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9353. [PMID: 36012617 PMCID: PMC9409241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the first discovery of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) dates back to 1958, only in recent years has the complexity of the transcriptome started to be elucidated. However, its components are still under investigation and their identification is one of the challenges that scientists are presently facing. In addition, their function is still far from being fully understood. The non-coding portion of the genome is indeed the largest, both quantitatively and qualitatively. A large fraction of these ncRNAs have a regulatory role either in coding mRNAs or in other ncRNAs, creating an intracellular network of crossed interactions (competing endogenous RNA networks, or ceRNET) that fine-tune the gene expression in both health and disease. The alteration of the equilibrium among such interactions can be enough to cause a transition from health to disease, but the opposite is equally true, leading to the possibility of intervening based on these mechanisms to cure human conditions. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on these mechanisms, illustrating how they can be used for disease treatment, the current challenges and pitfalls, and the roles of environmental and lifestyle-related contributing factors, in addition to the ethical, legal, and social issues arising from their (improper) use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piergentili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IBPM), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basile
- Trauma Unit and Emergency Department, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedics Institute, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Head of Legal Medicine Unit, Clinical Institute San Siro, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Via Orazio, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Marinelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Renato Patrone
- PhD ICTH, University of Federico II, HPB Department INT F. Pascale IRCCS of Naples, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Forensic Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
AL-Mhanna SB, Wan Ghazali WS, Mohamed M, Rabaan AA, Santali EY, H. Alestad J, Santali EY, Arshad S, Ahmed N, Afolabi HA. Effectiveness of physical activity on immunity markers and quality of life in cancer patient: a systematic review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13664. [PMID: 35935260 PMCID: PMC9354736 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a huge group of diseases that can affect various body parts of humans but also has a psychological, societal, and economic impact. Physical activity can improve the quality of life (QOL) and immunity, while moderate intensity exercise can reduce the probability of this lethal disease. The current study aimed to determine the effect of physical activity on immune markers and QOL in cancer patients as well as to evaluate cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and its association with physical activity. Methodology Before starting the study, the study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021273292). An electronic literature search was performed by combining MeSH terminology and keywords used with the Boolean operators "OR" and "AND" to find relevant published studies on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical evaluation checklist was used to assess the quality of selected studies, while the GRADE approach was used to see the quality of evidence. Results A total of 13,931 studies were retrieved after the search on databases. After the scrutiny of studies by reading the title of articles and the inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 54 studies were selected for further screening by reading the full texts. In the final, a total of nine studies were selected for the current systematic review and proceeded for data extraction. The patients who were doing different exercises showed improvements in immunity, QOL, and reduction in CRF. A significant reduction in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, and an increase in natural killer (NK) cells levels was also observed. Conclusions The exercise program is safe and beneficial to improve the quality of life and immunity markers before, during, and after cancer treatment. Physical exercise may also help patients to overcome the adverse effects of the treatment and to reduce the chance of developing new tumours in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Y. Santali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Enas Y. Santali
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohaib Arshad
- Periodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Hafeez Abiola Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Liguori S. Is Exercise Effective and Safe for Cancer Cachexia in Adults?: A Cochrane Review Summary With Commentary. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 101:795-797. [PMID: 35067553 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Liguori
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Kang DW, Barnes O, Vander Heiden MG, Dieli-Conwright CM. Effect of exercise on tumor markers – is exercise anti-tumorigenic in humans?: A scoping review of preliminary clinical investigations. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 178:103779. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
121
|
Exercise in cancer prevention and anticancer therapy: Efficacy, molecular mechanisms and clinical information. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
122
|
Kang DW, Wilson RL, Gonzalo-Encabo P, Norris MK, Hans M, Tahbaz M, Dawson J, Nguyen D, Normann AJ, Yunker AG, Sami N, Uno H, Ligibel JA, Mittelman SD, Dieli-Conwright CM. Targeting Adiposity and Inflammation With Movement to Improve Prognosis in Breast Cancer Survivors (The AIM Trial): Rationale, Design, and Methods. Front Oncol 2022; 12:896995. [PMID: 35795051 PMCID: PMC9251632 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.896995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a significant contributor to breast cancer recurrence and mortality. A central mechanism by which obesity stimulates cancer progression is through chronic, low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. Exercise interventions to target chronic inflammation has a potential to improve obesity- and breast cancer-related outcomes; however, no studies have investigated the roles of exercise in modulating adipose tissue inflammation in breast cancer survivors. Also, it is unclear which exercise prescription would be optimal to maximize the outcomes. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial (Taking AIM at Breast Cancer: Targeting Adiposity and Inflammation with Movement to Improve Prognosis in Breast Cancer Survivors [AIM] Trial) to examine the mechanisms by which different modalities of exercise impact chronic inflammation as a biomarker of breast cancer prognosis. Methods The AIM trial is a prospective, three-armed, phase II randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a 16-week supervised circuit aerobic and resistance exercise (CARE) program versus a traditional aerobic and resistance exercise (TARE) program and attention control (AC) on adipose tissue inflammation in breast cancer survivors. 276 patients who are diagnosed with stage 0-III breast cancer, post-treatment, sedentary, and centrally obese are randomized to one of the three groups. The CARE and TARE groups participate in thrice-weekly supervised exercise sessions for 16 weeks. The AC group are offered the CARE program after the intervention period. The primary endpoint is adipose tissue inflammation assessed by core biopsy and blood draw. The secondary and tertiary endpoints are sarcopenic obesity, physical fitness and function, and patient reported outcomes. The exploratory outcomes are long-term breast cancer outcomes. Discussion This is the first randomized controlled trial examining the effects of exercise on adipose tissue inflammation in obese, breast cancer survivors. Our findings are anticipated to contribute to a better understanding of exercise modalities and mechanisms on adipose tissue inflammation that can potentially improve breast cancer prognosis. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03091842 identifier [NCT#03091842].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Woo Kang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebekah L. Wilson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paola Gonzalo-Encabo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary K. Norris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marybeth Hans
- Division of Breast Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meghan Tahbaz
- Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jackie Dawson
- Department of Physical Therapy, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Danny Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amber J. Normann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra G. Yunker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathalie Sami
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hajime Uno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Ligibel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven D. Mittelman
- Children’s Discovery and Innovations Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina M. Dieli-Conwright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Telles GD, Conceição MS, Vechin FC, Libardi CA, Mori MADS, Derchain S, Ugrinowitsch C. Exercise-Induced Circulating microRNAs: Potential Key Factors in the Control of Breast Cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:800094. [PMID: 35784874 PMCID: PMC9244175 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Losses in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and metabolic function are harmful in the pathophysiology of serious diseases, including breast cancer. Physical exercise training is an effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve health and quality of life in patients with breast cancer, mainly through positive effects on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and metabolic function. Emerging evidence has also highlighted the potential of exercise-induced crosstalk between skeletal muscle and cancer cells as one of the mechanisms controlling breast cancer progression. This intercellular communication seems to be mediated by a group of skeletal muscle molecules released in the bloodstream known as myokines. Among the myokines, exercise-induced circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are deemed to mediate the antitumoral effects produced by exercise training through the control of key cellular processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, and signal transduction. However, there are still many open questions regarding the molecular basis of the exercise-induced effects on c-miRNA on human breast cancer cells. Here, we present evidence regarding the effect of exercise training on c-miRNA expression in breast cancer, along with the current gaps in the literature and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Defante Telles
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Soares Conceição
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cassaro Vechin
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB—Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves da Silva Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sophie Derchain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carlos Ugrinowitsch,
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Calonge-Pascual S, Casajús Mallén JA, González-Gross M. Physical exercise training in the syllabus of Bachelor of Science in nursing degrees: An environmental scan. Contemp Nurse 2022; 58:192-211. [PMID: 35587562 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2022.2080088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases is increasing. Healthcare systems are trying to increase exercise prescription treatments. However, it is not clear if health professionals are sufficiently trained. Aim: to analyze the contents related to PA and exercise in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the syllabus of the Bachelor of Science in Nursing at all Spanish universities. Methods: A systematic environmental scan that included a web page search of curricular guide programs of all Spanish universities offering the Bachelor of Science in Nursing was undertaken for the 2017-18 academic course. The assessment of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) about physical activity and/or exercise health-related benefits in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases was performed by two experts in a peer-review process. ECTS of Practicum and Bachelor thesis were not included in the analysis. Results: In the mean, the Bachelor of Science in Nursing dedicated 5.82% (5.01% mandatory and 0.82% voluntary) of a total of 240 ECTS (ranging from 0 to 45 ECTS). The majority of contents were related to PA promotion; in contrast, contents related to exercise prescription are neglectable. Five Spanish universities do not offer any academic teaching to physical activity on prescription. Conclusions: A great disparity between universities was identified. In general, acquired knowledge seems scarce for PA promotion and exercise prescription in primary healthcare staff. Nurses would need additional physical activity on prescription training to improve PA promotion and exercise prescription knowledge as a coadjutant non-pharmacological treatment for non-communicable chronic diseases at Primary Healthcare settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Calonge-Pascual
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and human performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7. Room:603. 28040 Madrid. Spain; telephone: + 34 913364134; Twitter: @SpainEIM
| | - José Antonio Casajús Mallén
- GENUD Research Group. Department of Physiatrist and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza. Spain; telephone: + 34 976761719; e-mail:
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group. Department of Health and human performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7. Room:603. 28040 Madrid. Spain; telephone: + 34 913364134; Twitter: @SpainEIM
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
An S, Park S. Association of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With the Risk of Colorectal Cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e158. [PMID: 35578589 PMCID: PMC9110266 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent evidence supports that prolonged sedentary behavior and reduced physical activity are associated with colorectal cancer risk, there are few studies analyzing the colorectal cancer risk according to different types of physical activity and combined effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity on colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity with colorectal cancer. METHODS A cross-sectional study included a total of 33,403 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2019. Sedentary behavior was dichotomized into < 10 hr/day and ≥ 10 hr/day, and three types of physical activity were investigated, including leisure-time, occupational, and transportation physical activity. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to sedentary behavior and physical activity. RESULTS Sedentary behavior was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-2.21), while the different domains of physical activity were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. In a combined analysis, those with sedentary behavior and without physical activity showed an increased risk of colorectal cancer compared to that of the reference category without sedentary behavior and with physical activity (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02-2.16). CONCLUSION This study found that sedentary behavior was significantly associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer. Moreover, sedentary behavior without physical activity increased the risk of colorectal cancer. Reducing sedentary behavior and recommending any type of physical activity may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun An
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Incheon Nasaret International Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Gouez M, Raynard B, Marijnen P, Ho Hio Hen N, Fervers B. [Nutrition and physical activity (AP) during and after cancer treatment: Therapeutic benefits, pathophysiology, recommendations, clinical management]. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:516-527. [PMID: 35489872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, are factors that influence risk of numerous cancers. They are also decisive during and after cancer for the course of oncological treatment, but also in the immediate and long-term prognosis, and quality of life during and after treatment. Separately, physical activity and nutritional support can reduce the risk of sarcopenia and its consequences, and improve quality of life during treatment. Whan introduced early, such a combination, increases the prognostic benefits. In remission, particularly in overweight patients, the APA-diet combination reduces the risk of cancer relapse and improves cardiovascular performance. These programs require a precise assessment of capacities and habits of each patient, and interventions of trained professionals (certified exercise instructor, dietician trained in oncology). The funding conditions for these programs exist for cancer survivors and should be considered for oncological treatment period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Gouez
- Centre Léon-Bérard, départment prévention cancer environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, université de Lyon, EA7424, laboratoire interuniversitaire de biologie de la motricité, 29, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France; Centre Léon-Bérard, unité Inserm U1296 « Radiations : défense, santé, environnement », 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Bruno Raynard
- Gustave-Roussy site DR2, service de nutrition et SSR, département interdisciplinaire d'organisation du parcours patient (DIOPP), 24, rue Albert-Thuret, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France
| | - Philippe Marijnen
- Centre Léon-Bérard, départment prévention cancer environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France
| | - Nathalie Ho Hio Hen
- Gustave-Roussy site DR2, service de nutrition et SSR, département interdisciplinaire d'organisation du parcours patient (DIOPP), 24, rue Albert-Thuret, 94550 Chevilly-Larue, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Centre Léon-Bérard, départment prévention cancer environnement, 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France; Centre Léon-Bérard, unité Inserm U1296 « Radiations : défense, santé, environnement », 28, rue Laënnec, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Preventive aerobic training preserves sympathovagal function and improves DNA repair capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rats with cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6422. [PMID: 35440673 PMCID: PMC9018832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of preventive aerobic exercise training on sympathovagal function, cardiac function, and DNA repair capacity in a preclinical model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy. Forty male Wistar-Kyoto rats were allocated into four groups (n = 10/group): D (DOX-treated) and C (controls) remained sedentary, and DT (DOX-trained) and CT (control-trained) performed aerobic training 4 days/week, during 4 weeks before exposure to DOX (4 mg/kg/week during 4 weeks) or saline solution. We evaluated cardiac function (echocardiography), hemodynamic and sympathovagal modulation (artery-femoral cannulation), cardiac troponin T levels, and DNA repair capacity (comet assay). Exercise training preserved ejection fraction (D: − 14.44% vs. DT: − 1.05%, p < 0.001), fractional shortening (D: − 8.96% vs. DT: − 0.27%, p = 0.025) and troponin T levels (D: 6.4 ± 3.6 vs. DT: 2.8 ± 1.7 ng/mL, p = 0.010). DOX increased heart rate variability (C: 27.7 ± 7.9 vs. D: 7.5 ± 2.2 ms2, p < 0.001) and induced sympathovagal dysfunction (LF/HF, C: 0.37 ± 0.15 vs. D: 0.15 ± 0.15, p = 0.036) through exacerbation of sympathetic function (LF, C: 0.22 ± 0.01 vs. D: 0.48 ± 0.24 Hz, p = 0.019). Peripheral mononuclear blood cells of DT animals presented lower residual DNA damage (D: 43.4 ± 8.4% vs. DT: 26 ± 3.4%, p = 0.003 after 1 h). Cardioprotective effects of preventive aerobic exercise training are mediated by preservation of sympathovagal function and improvement of DNA repair capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Collapse
|
128
|
Brown M, Rébillard A, Hart NH, O'Connor D, Prue G, O'Sullivan JM, Jain S. Modulating Tumour Hypoxia in Prostate Cancer Through Exercise: The Impact of Redox Signalling on Radiosensitivity. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:48. [PMID: 35394236 PMCID: PMC8993953 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex disease affecting millions of men globally. Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment modality although treatment efficacy is dependent upon several features within the tumour microenvironment (TME), especially hypoxia. A hypoxic TME heightens radioresistance and thus disease recurrence and treatment failure continues to pose important challenges. However, the TME evolves under the influence of factors in systemic circulation and cellular crosstalk, underscoring its potential to be acutely and therapeutically modified. Early preclinical evidence suggests exercise may affect tumour growth and some of the benefits drawn, could act to radiosensitise tumours to treatment. Intracellular perturbations in skeletal muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate the production of numerous factors that can exert autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effects on the prostate. However, findings supporting this notion are limited and the associated mechanisms are poorly understood. In light of this preclinical evidence, we propose systemic changes in redox signalling with exercise activate redox-sensitive factors within the TME and improve tumour hypoxia and treatment outcomes, when combined with RT. To this end, we suggest a connection between exercise, ROS and tumour growth kinetics, highlighting the potential of exercise to sensitise tumour cells to RT, and improve treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Brown
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK.
| | - Amélie Rébillard
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, Université Rennes 2, ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Nicolas H Hart
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dominic O'Connor
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Gillian Prue
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK
| | - Joe M O'Sullivan
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Suneil Jain
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Martinez-Gomez D, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Yu T, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Ding D, Lee IM, Ekelund U. Long-term leisure-time physical activity and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: dose-response associations in a prospective cohort study of 210 327 Taiwanese adults. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:919-926. [PMID: 35387777 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the dose-response associations of long-term leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) obtained from repeated measures with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality outcomes in Taiwanese adults. METHODS We included 210 327 participants with self-reported LTPA at least in two medical examinations (867 968 data points) for up to 20 years (median, IQR: 4.8 years, 2.3-9.0). Dose-response relationships were modelled with restricted cubic spline functions and Cox regressions HRs (95% CIs) adjusted for main covariates. RESULTS During up to 23 years of follow-up (3 655 734 person-years), 10 539 participants died, of which 1919 of CVD. We observed an inverse, non-linear dose-response association between long-term LTPA and all-cause and CVD mortality. Compared with the referent (0 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours/week), insufficient (0.01-7.49 MET hours/week), recommended (7.50-15.00 MET hours/week) and additional (>15 MET hours/week) amounts of LTPA had a lower mortality risk of 0.74 (0.69-0.80), 0.64 (0.60-0.70) and 0.59 (0.54-0.64) for all-cause mortality and 0.68 (0.60-0.84), 0.56 (0.47-0.67) and 0.56 (0.47-0.68) for CVD mortality. When using only baseline measures of LTPA, the corresponding mortality risk was 0.88 (0.84-0.93), 0.83 (0.78-0.88) and 0.78 (0.73-0.83) for all-cause and 0.91 (0.81-1.02), 0.78 (0.68-0.89) and 0.80 (0.70-0.92) for CVD mortality. CONCLUSION Long-term LTPA was associated with lower risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. The magnitude of risk reductions was larger when modelling repeated measures of LTPA compared with one measure of LTPA at baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Martinez-Gomez
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tsung Yu
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ding Ding
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Zhang Y, Huo L, Wei Z, Tang Q, Sui H. Hotspots and Frontiers in Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment Research: A Scientometric and Visualization Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862585. [PMID: 35370647 PMCID: PMC8968939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods: Articles on inflammatory tumor microenvironment were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and the characteristics of the articles were analyzed by CiteSpace software. Background: The inflammatory tumor microenvironment is an essential feature of the tumor microenvironment. The way in which it promotes or inhibits tumor progression plays an important role in the outcome of a tumor treatment. This research aims to explore a scientific collaboration network, describe evolution of hotspots, and predict future trends through bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 3,534 papers published by 390 institutions in 81 countries/regions were screened, and the annual quantity has been increasing rapidly in the past decades. United States was the leading country and has the most productive institutions in this field. The research topics were mainly focused on inflammation and immunity mediated by crucial factors as well as the mechanisms of angiogenesis. Additionally, the development and application of nanoparticles is currently a novel research frontier with bright prospect. Conclusion: The present scientometric study provides an overview of inflammatory tumor microenvironment research over the previous decades using quantitative and qualitative methods, and the findings of this study can provide references for researchers focusing on tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Medical Experiment Center, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Emery A, Moore S, Turner JE, Campbell JP. Reframing How Physical Activity Reduces The Incidence of Clinically-Diagnosed Cancers: Appraising Exercise-Induced Immuno-Modulation As An Integral Mechanism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788113. [PMID: 35359426 PMCID: PMC8964011 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Undertaking a high volume of physical activity is associated with reduced risk of a broad range of clinically diagnosed cancers. These findings, which imply that physical activity induces physiological changes that avert or suppress neoplastic activity, are supported by preclinical intervention studies in rodents demonstrating that structured regular exercise commonly represses tumour growth. In Part 1 of this review, we summarise epidemiology and preclinical evidence linking physical activity or regular structured exercise with reduced cancer risk or tumour growth. Despite abundant evidence that physical activity commonly exerts anti-cancer effects, the mechanism(s)-of-action responsible for these beneficial outcomes is undefined and remains subject to ongoing speculation. In Part 2, we outline why altered immune regulation from physical activity - specifically to T cells - is likely an integral mechanism. We do this by first explaining how physical activity appears to modulate the cancer immunoediting process. In doing so, we highlight that augmented elimination of immunogenic cancer cells predominantly leads to the containment of cancers in a 'precancerous' or 'covert' equilibrium state, thus reducing the incidence of clinically diagnosed cancers among physically active individuals. In seeking to understand how physical activity might augment T cell function to avert cancer outgrowth, in Part 3 we appraise how physical activity affects the determinants of a successful T cell response against immunogenic cancer cells. Using the cancer immunogram as a basis for this evaluation, we assess the effects of physical activity on: (i) general T cell status in blood, (ii) T cell infiltration to tissues, (iii) presence of immune checkpoints associated with T cell exhaustion and anergy, (iv) presence of inflammatory inhibitors of T cells and (v) presence of metabolic inhibitors of T cells. The extent to which physical activity alters these determinants to reduce the risk of clinically diagnosed cancers - and whether physical activity changes these determinants in an interconnected or unrelated manner - is unresolved. Accordingly, we analyse how physical activity might alter each determinant, and we show how these changes may interconnect to explain how physical activity alters T cell regulation to prevent cancer outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Emery
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Moore
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Crist SB, Nemkov T, Dumpit RF, Dai J, Tapscott SJ, True LD, Swarbrick A, Sullivan LB, Nelson PS, Hansen KC, Ghajar CM. Unchecked oxidative stress in skeletal muscle prevents outgrowth of disseminated tumour cells. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:538-553. [PMID: 35411081 PMCID: PMC11312424 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has long been recognized as an inhospitable site for disseminated tumour cells (DTCs). Yet its antimetastatic nature has eluded a thorough mechanistic examination. Here, we show that DTCs traffic to and persist within skeletal muscle in mice and in humans, which raises the question of how this tissue suppresses colonization. Results from mouse and organotypic culture models along with metabolomic profiling suggested that skeletal muscle imposes a sustained oxidative stress on DTCs that impairs their proliferation. Functional studies demonstrated that disrupting reduction-oxidation homeostasis via chemogenetic induction of reactive oxygen species slowed proliferation in a more fertile organ: the lung. Conversely, enhancement of the antioxidant potential of tumour cells through ectopic expression of catalase in the tumour or host mitochondria allowed robust colonization of skeletal muscle. These findings reveal a profound metabolic bottleneck imposed on DTCs and sustained by skeletal muscle. A thorough understanding of this biology could reveal previously undocumented DTC vulnerabilities that can be exploited to prevent metastasis in other more susceptible tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Crist
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ruth F Dumpit
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jinxiang Dai
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen J Tapscott
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Exercise suppresses tumor growth independent of high fat food intake and associated immune dysfunction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5476. [PMID: 35361802 PMCID: PMC8971502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that exercise training protects from cancer independent of BMI. Here, we aimed to elucidate mechanisms involved in voluntary wheel running-dependent control of tumor growth across chow and high-fat diets. Access to running wheels decreased tumor growth in B16F10 tumor-bearing on chow (− 50%) or high-fat diets (− 75%, p < 0.001), however, tumor growth was augmented in high-fat fed mice (+ 53%, p < 0.001). Tumor growth correlated with serum glucose (p < 0.01), leptin (p < 0.01), and ghrelin levels (p < 0.01), but not with serum insulin levels. Voluntary wheel running increased immune recognition of tumors as determined by microarray analysis and gene expression analysis of markers of macrophages, NK and T cells, but the induction of markers of macrophages and NK cells was attenuated with high-fat feeding. Moreover, we found that the regulator of innate immunity, ZBP1, was induced by wheel running, attenuated by high-fat feeding and associated with innate immune recognition in the B16F10 tumors. We observed no effects of ZBP1 on cell cycle arrest, or exercise-regulated necrosis in the tumors of running mice. Taken together, our data support epidemiological findings showing that exercise suppresses tumor growth independent of BMI, however, our data suggest that high-fat feeding attenuates exercise-mediated immune recognition of tumors.
Collapse
|
134
|
Molanouri Shamsi M, Vahed A, Hekmatikar AA, Suzuki K. Combined Effects of Exercise Training and Nutritional Supplementation in Cancer Patients in the Context of the COVID-19: A Perspective Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:847215. [PMID: 35356739 PMCID: PMC8959344 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic, has caused unprecedented global social and economic impacts and many deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID-19 to severe and critical stages, and it is shown that the coronavirus appears more severely in people with cancer. Pro-inflammatory status and weakened immune system due to cancer-related treatments can be determinants in the immune system’s response to the coronavirus in these patients. Higher physical activity levels are associated with lower hospitalization rates and mortality in COVID-19. Also, regular exercise training can improve immune system responses, modulate inflammatory responses, and improve psychological parameters in cancer patients. The interactive effects of nutritional supplements on immune responses and anti-inflammatory status have been shown in some studies. The purpose of this perspective article was to investigate the interaction between dietary supplementation and regular physical exercise in controlling risk factors associated with coronavirus in cancer patients. In addition to appropriate dietary habits, some nutritional supplements, especially vitamin D, have been shown to improve the immune system’s response against COVID-19 and cancer. Using lifestyle strategies such as regular physical activity and intake of functional compounds as supplements can be effective in treatment outcomes, quality of life, and overall survival in cancer patients. We proposed that combining dietary supplements and exercise training in cancer patients can boost immune responses against COVID-19 and probably improve vaccine responses. Angiotensin (ANG)-(1-7) Mas receptor axis can probably activate following exercise training and vitamin D combination. And can prevent pulmonary injury, hematological alterations, and hyperinflammatory state in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi,
| | - Alieh Vahed
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - AmirHossin Ahmadi Hekmatikar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
- Katsuhiko Suzuki,
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
The Nervous System Contributes to the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Human Digestive Tract Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9595704. [PMID: 35295188 PMCID: PMC8920690 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9595704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are one of the highest incidences of morbidity and mortality in humans. Recently, a growing number of researchers have indicated that nerve fibers and nerve signals participate in tumorigenesis. The current overarching view based on the responses to therapy revealed that tumors are partly promoted by the tumor microenvironment (TME), endogenous oncogenic factors, and complex systemic processes. Homeostasis of the neuroendocrine-immune axis (NEI axis) maintains a healthy in vivo environment in humans, and dysfunction of the axis contributes to various cancers, including the digestive tract. Interestingly, nerves might promote tumor development via multiple mechanisms, including perineural invasion (PNI), central level regulation, NEI axis effect, and neurotransmitter induction. This review focuses on the association between digestive tumors and nerve regulation, including PNI, the NEI axis, stress, and neurotransmitters, as well as on the potential clinical application of neurotherapy, aiming to provide a new perspective on the management of digestive cancers.
Collapse
|
136
|
Zhou L, Zhang Z, Nice E, Huang C, Zhang W, Tang Y. Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:21. [PMID: 35246220 PMCID: PMC8896306 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeping system that comprises a wide variety of processes including sleep-wake cycles, eating-fasting cycles, and activity-rest cycles, coordinating the behavior and physiology of all organs for whole-body homeostasis. Acute disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to transient discomfort, whereas long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in the dysfunction of the organism, therefore increasing the risks of numerous diseases especially cancers. Indeed, both epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated the intrinsic link between dysregulated circadian rhythm and cancer. Accordingly, a rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms is opening new options for cancer therapy, possibly by modulating the circadian clock. In this review, we first describe the general regulators of circadian rhythms and their functions on cancer. In addition, we provide insights into the mechanisms underlying how several types of disruption of the circadian rhythm (including sleep-wake, eating-fasting, and activity-rest) can drive cancer progression, which may expand our understanding of cancer development from the clock perspective. Moreover, we also summarize the potential applications of modulating circadian rhythms for cancer treatment, which may provide an optional therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture and Chronobiology Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Yang JJ, Yu D, White E, Lee DH, Blot W, Robien K, Sinha R, Park Y, Takata Y, Gao YT, Smith-Byrne K, Monninkhof EM, Kaaks R, Langhammer A, Borch KB, Al-Shaar L, Lan Q, Sørgjerd EP, Zhang X, Zhu C, Chirlaque MD, Severi G, Overvad K, Sacerdote C, Aune D, Johansson M, Smith-Warner SA, Zheng W, Shu XO. Prediagnosis Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Lung Cancer Survival: A Pooled Analysis of 11 Cohorts. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkac009. [PMID: 35603841 PMCID: PMC8962711 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between physical activity before cancer diagnosis and survival among lung cancer patients. In this pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohorts, we investigated associations of prediagnosis leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality among incident lung cancer patients. METHODS Using self-reported data on regular engagement in exercise and sports activities collected at study enrollment, we assessed metabolic equivalent hours (MET-h) of prediagnosis LTPA per week. According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, prediagnosis LTPA was classified into inactivity, less than 8.3 and at least 8.3 MET-h per week (the minimum recommended range). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality after adjustment for major prognostic factors and lifetime smoking history. RESULTS Of 20 494 incident lung cancer patients, 16 864 died, including 13 596 deaths from lung cancer (overall 5-year relative survival rate = 20.9%, 95% CI = 20.3% to 21.5%). Compared with inactivity, prediagnosis LTPA of more than 8.3 MET-h per week was associated with a lower hazard of all-cause mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.99), but not with lung cancer-specific mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.04), among the overall population. Additive interaction was found by tumor stage (Pinteraction = .008 for all-cause mortality and .003 for lung cancer-specific mortality). When restricted to localized cancer, prediagnosis LTPA of at least 8.3 MET-h per week linked to 20% lower mortality: multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.67 to 0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.99) for lung cancer-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS Regular participation in LTPA that met or exceeded the minimum Physical Activity Guidelines was associated with reduced hazards of mortality among lung cancer patients, especially those with early stage cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jeong Yang
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of
Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danxia Yu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of
Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily White
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research
Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Blot
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of
Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kim Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of
Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer
Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yumie Takata
- Program of Nutrition, School of Biological and Population Health, College of
Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR,
USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai
Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on
Cancer, Lyons, France
| | - Evelyn M Monninkhof
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center,
Utrecht University, Utrecht, the
Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center
(DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung
Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger,
Norway
| | | | - Laila Al-Shaar
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of
Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer
Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clair Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer
Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council IMIBArrixaca, Ronda
de Levante, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of Murcia Campus de
Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Calle de Melchor Fernández
Almagro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianluca Severi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity”
Team, CESP UMR1018, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications “G. Parenti”
(DISIA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza
University-Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial
College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo,
Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo
University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on
Cancer, Lyons, France
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of
Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of
Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Awareness and attitudes of oncology physicians recommending exercise to patients with cancer. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 68:70-75. [PMID: 35949962 PMCID: PMC9305640 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2022.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate oncology physicians’ attitudes and awareness toward recommending exercise to their patients with cancer.
Patients and methods: A total of 86 oncology physicians (52 males, 34 females; mean age: 46.7±10.9 years; range, 26 to 60 years) were included in the study between June 2019 and September 2019. A questionnaire was prepared to evaluate the physicians' perspectives about exercise and it consisted of five main sections including the physician's exercise habits, physicians’ attitudes toward recommending exercise, the effects of exercise on cancer-related symptoms and cancer treatments, whether there was an exercise unit in the hospital, and whether the physician was referring the patients and on which subjects the physicians were willing to receive training.
Results: A total of 87.2% of the physicians recommended exercise to their patients. There were three reasons for physicians who did not recommend exercise: “I don’t have enough training to recommend exercise; I don’t know which type of exercise to recommend; and I don’t know what I should pay attention while recommending exercise.” A total of 83.7% physicians considered that exercise reduced the symptoms associated with cancer. A total of 73.3%, 64%, and 80.2% physicians believed that exercise increased the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, respectively. About 94.2% of the physicians were willing to be trained on the effects of exercise in cancer.
Conclusion: Oncology physicians believe that exercise has positive effects on cancer; however, they still need training on this subject.
Collapse
|
139
|
Exercise and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers among Adult with Cancer: A Systematic Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2097318. [PMID: 35222792 PMCID: PMC8881118 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2097318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that exercise can have a favourable effect in cancer patients. The exercise’s clinical benefits are likely to concern multiple interrelated biological pathways, among which oxidative stress plays a key role. Regular training can induce an adaptive response that strengthens the antioxidative status of the body. To formulate public health recommendations regarding the optimal exercise prescription for cancer patients, a detailed understanding is needed regarding the effect of exercise on variables linked to oxidative stress and antioxidant status of patients. The goal of this systematic review, based on PRISMA, was to explore and critically analyse the evidence regarding the efficacy of exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers among people with cancer. Study search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus. The studies’ quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and STROBE scale. After identification and screening steps, 10 articles were included. The findings provide an encouraging picture of exercise, including resistance training and aerobic activities, in people with cancer. The exercise improved the indicators of the total antioxidant capacity, increased the antioxidant enzymes’ activity, or reduced the biomarkers of oxidative damage in various forms of cancer such as breast, lung, head, and neck. Regarding oxidative DNA damage, the role of exercise intervention has been difficult to assess. The heterogeneity of study design and the plethora of biomarkers measured hampered the comparison of the articles. This limited the possibility of establishing a comprehensive conclusion on the sensitivity of biomarkers to estimate the exercise’s benefits. Further high-quality studies are required to provide data regarding oxidative stress biomarkers responding to exercise. This information will be useful to assess the efficacy of exercise in people with cancer and support the appropriate prescription of exercise in anticancer strategy.
Collapse
|
140
|
Pérez Regalado S, León J, Feriche B. Therapeutic approach for digestive system cancers and potential implications of exercise under hypoxia condition: what little is known? a narrative review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1107-1121. [PMID: 35157120 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, like other chronic pathologies, is associated with the presence of hypoxic regions due to the uncontrolled cell growth. Under this pathological hypoxic condition, various molecular signaling pathways are activated to ensure cell survival, such as those that govern angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, among others. These molecular processes are very similar to the physiological response caused by exposure to altitude (natural hypobaric systemic hypoxia), the use of artificial hypoxia devices (systemic normobaric simulated hypoxia) or the delivery of vascular occlusion to the extremities (also called local hypoxia by the blood flow restriction technique). "Tumor hypoxia" has gained further clinical importance due to its crucial role in both tumor progression and resistance to treatment. However, the ability to manipulate this pathway through physical exercise and systemic hypoxia-mediated signaling pathways could offer an important range of therapeutic opportunities that should be further investigated. METHODS This review is focused on the potential implications of systemic hypoxia combined with exercise in digestive system neoplasms prognosis. Articles included in the review were retrieved by searching among the three main scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. FINDINGS The findings of this review suggest that exercise performed under systemic hypoxic conditions could have a positive impact in prognosis and quality of life of the population with digestive system cancers. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to consider this paradigm as a new potential intervention in digestive oncological population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Pérez Regalado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa León
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive System, San Cecilio Hospital, Ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Belén Feriche
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Zylstra J, Whyte GP, Beckmann K, Pate J, Santaolalla A, Gervais-Andre L, Russell B, Maisey N, Waters J, Tham G, Lagergren J, Green M, Kelly M, Baker C, Van Hemelrijck M, Goh V, Gossage J, Browning M, Davies A. Exercise prehabilitation during neoadjuvant chemotherapy may enhance tumour regression in oesophageal cancer: results from a prospective non-randomised trial. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:402-409. [PMID: 35105604 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence for the use of exercise in cancer patients and data supporting enhanced tumour volume reduction following chemotherapy in animal models. To date, there is no reported histopathological evidence of a similar oncological benefit in oesophageal cancer. METHODS A prospective non-randomised trial compared a structured prehabilitation exercise intervention during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery versus conventional best-practice for oesophageal cancer patients. Biochemical and body composition analyses were performed at multiple time points. Outcome measures included radiological and pathological markers of disease regression. Logistic regression calculated ORs with 95% CI for the likelihood of pathological response adjusting for chemotherapy regimen and chemotherapy delivery. RESULTS Comparison of the Intervention (n=21) and Control (n=19) groups indicated the Intervention group had higher rates of tumour regression (Mandard TRG 1-3 Intervention n=15/20 (75%) vs Control n=7/19 (36.8%) p=0.025) including adjusted analyses (OR 6.57; 95% CI 1.52 to 28.30). Combined tumour and node downstaging (Intervention n=9 (42.9%) vs Control n=3 (15.8%) p=0.089) and Fat Free Mass index were also improved (Intervention 17.8 vs 18.7 kg/m2; Control 16.3 vs 14.7 kg/m2, p=0.026). Differences in markers of immunity (CD-3 and CD-8) and inflammation (IL-6, VEGF, INF-y, TNFa, MCP-1 and EGF) were observed. CONCLUSION The results suggest improved tumour regression and downstaging in the exercise intervention group and should prompt larger studies on this topic. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03626610.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Zylstra
- Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.,School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Greg P Whyte
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Health and Human Performance, London, UK
| | - Kerri Beckmann
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Pate
- Centre for Health and Human Performance, London, UK
| | - Aida Santaolalla
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Beth Russell
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Maisey
- Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Justin Waters
- Oncology, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK
| | - Gemma Tham
- Physiotherapy, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Green
- Pathology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark Kelly
- Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Cara Baker
- Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Vicky Goh
- Clinical Cancer Imaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Gossage
- Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mike Browning
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells Hospital NHS Trust, Maidstone, UK
| | - Andrew Davies
- Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK .,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Pinches JL, Pinches YL, Johnson JO, Haddad NC, Boueri MG, Oke LM, Haddad GE. Could “Cellular Exercise” be the Missing Ingredient in a Healthy Life? Diets, Caloric Restriction and Exercise-Induced Hormesis. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
143
|
Zhu C, Lian Z, Chen Y, Wang J. Physical Activity and Cancer Status Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: A Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Study. Front Physiol 2022; 12:812290. [PMID: 35153818 PMCID: PMC8830231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relative contributions of demographic and lifestyle behaviors to the association between physical activity (PA) and cancer are poorly understood. This study assesses the relationship between PA level and cancer status considering the full activity spectrum within a large and representative Chinese population. Methods Data were derived from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (using four-stage stratified probability-proportional-to-size sampling), including 416 cancer survivors and 14,574 individuals without cancer from 28 provinces in China. Cancer status and sites were self-reported, and PA, other health behaviors (e.g., smoking, drinking) and comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) were assessed by a questionnaire. The total PA score was calculated using metabolic equivalent (MET) multipliers. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate differences in PA levels between cancer survivors and those without a cancer diagnosis, adjusting for age, sex, and other potential confounding factors. Results Cancer survivors (416, 2.8%) were more likely to be women than men (65.4 vs. 34.6%). They were older (age ≥65 years, 43.8 vs. 38.9%) and more likely to be overweight (18.3 vs. 13.3%), be depressed (49.5 vs. 37.6%), have quit smoking (17.8 vs. 14.4%), drink less (17.5 vs. 26.6%), sleep less (65.9 vs. 56.8%) and have more chronic comorbidities (≥2 comorbidities, 26.0 vs. 19.2%) than those without cancer. There was a significant associations between cancer status and participation in vigorous-intensity activity for at least 10 min every week, when compared with the inactivity [odds ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.39–0.80], while no differences were observed in the moderate and light activity groups. Individuals who spent more than half an hour performing moderate or vigorous intensity activity every day were significantly less likely to report a cancer diagnosis than inactive individuals (moderate OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.48–0.86; vigorous OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.37–0.68). Participants who spent more than 2 h performing light, moderate or vigorous intensity activity reported fewer cancer cases than their inactive counterparts. In addition, there was an inverse dose-response relationship between the total PA score and cancer status (P–trend < 0.001). Conclusion Associations between PA and cancer status were independent of demographics, lifestyle confounders, and comorbidities. Cancer survivors are less physically active than those without cancer.
Collapse
|
144
|
Arjmand B, Hamidpour SK, Tayanloo-Beik A, Goodarzi P, Aghayan HR, Adibi H, Larijani B. Machine Learning: A New Prospect in Multi-Omics Data Analysis of Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:824451. [PMID: 35154283 PMCID: PMC8829119 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.824451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is defined as a large group of diseases that is associated with abnormal cell growth, uncontrollable cell division, and may tend to impinge on other tissues of the body by different mechanisms through metastasis. What makes cancer so important is that the cancer incidence rate is growing worldwide which can have major health, economic, and even social impacts on both patients and the governments. Thereby, the early cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment can play a crucial role at the front line of combating cancer. The onset and progression of cancer can occur under the influence of complicated mechanisms and some alterations in the level of genome, proteome, transcriptome, metabolome etc. Consequently, the advent of omics science and its broad research branches (such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and so forth) as revolutionary biological approaches have opened new doors to the comprehensive perception of the cancer landscape. Due to the complexities of the formation and development of cancer, the study of mechanisms underlying cancer has gone beyond just one field of the omics arena. Therefore, making a connection between the resultant data from different branches of omics science and examining them in a multi-omics field can pave the way for facilitating the discovery of novel prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches. As the volume and complexity of data from the omics studies in cancer are increasing dramatically, the use of leading-edge technologies such as machine learning can have a promising role in the assessments of cancer research resultant data. Machine learning is categorized as a subset of artificial intelligence which aims to data parsing, classification, and data pattern identification by applying statistical methods and algorithms. This acquired knowledge subsequently allows computers to learn and improve accurate predictions through experiences from data processing. In this context, the application of machine learning, as a novel computational technology offers new opportunities for achieving in-depth knowledge of cancer by analysis of resultant data from multi-omics studies. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning can have revolutionary roles in the fight against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Babak Arjmand, ; Bagher Larijani,
| | - Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Adibi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Babak Arjmand, ; Bagher Larijani,
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Huntula S, Lalert L, Punsawad C. The Effects of Exercise on Aging-Induced Exaggerated Cytokine Responses: An Interdisciplinary Discussion. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:3619362. [PMID: 35106183 PMCID: PMC8801319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3619362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is generally known to be associated with dynamic biological changes, physiological dysfunction, and environmental and psychological decline. Several studies have suggested that aging is associated with increased inflammatory cytokines, causing several diseases. However, the effect of exercise on aging has been less delineated, and the relationships between cytokine activation, aging, and exercise also need further study. Here, we discuss some ideas about the effect of exercise on aging-induced exaggerated cytokine responses and discuss the possible roles of the aging-induced exaggerated cytokine response following exercise. Evidence from these findings suggests that exercise is a beneficially applicable model to use in studies on the mechanisms underlying the age-associated gradated cytokine response, and these results may provide guidelines for health professionals with diverse backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soontaraporn Huntula
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Lalert
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Bai X, Soh KG, Omar Dev RD, Talib O, Xiao W, Soh KL, Ong SL, Zhao C, Galeru O, Casaru C. Aerobic Exercise Combination Intervention to Improve Physical Performance Among the Elderly: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2022; 12:798068. [PMID: 35058805 PMCID: PMC8764279 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.798068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of aerobic exercise for the elderly are well-known. They extend beyond cardiovascular changes and can reduce the inactivity-induced loss of strength, mobility, balance, and endurance that are vital for the safe performance of daily activities in older adults. However, the benefits of combined aerobic exercise with other exercises such as strength/resistance, multi-component and aerobic exercise remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of combined aerobic exercise on physical performance among the elderly, as opposed to single aerobic exercise. We searched four databases of SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL Plus to find 18 articles that met criteria. Data was extracted using PICOs extraction tool and summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. Studies have shown that aerobics combined resistance/strength training (CEX), multi-component training (ME), and dance combined training has positive and significant effects on the physical performance (upper body strength and lower body strength, dynamic balance, fall risk, mobility, gait, agility, flexibility) of the elderly. CEX had additional benefits compared to aerobic training (AER) and resistance/strength training (RES) in gait speed, lower limb strength, and trunk fat. Furthermore, CEX was more effective than AER in improving sitting and stretching, elbow flexion, knee flexion, shoulder flexion and stretching, strength and body fat, function reach test, 30-s chair standing test and 6-min walking test, self-evaluation of body function. Therefore, the combination of multiple components contributes to the overall improvement in physical fitness of the elderly, thus preventing them from losing balance and reducing susceptibility to injury. Clinical Trial Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails], identifier [CRD42021213147].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Bai
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Roxana Dev Omar Dev
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Othman Talib
- Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wensheng Xiao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Lam Soh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Swee Leong Ong
- School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Human Resources Office, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Arts and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Ovidiu Galeru
- Faculty of Movement, Sports, and Health Sciences, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Bacǎu, Romania
| | - Catalina Casaru
- Department of Physical Education and Athletic Training, University of West Alabama, Livingston, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Exercise, Diet and Sleeping as Regenerative Medicine Adjuvants: Obesity and Ageing as Illustrations. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:medicines9010007. [PMID: 35049940 PMCID: PMC8778846 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine uses the biological and medical knowledge on how the cells and tissue regenerate and evolve in order to develop novel therapies. Health conditions such as ageing, obesity and cancer lead to an impaired regeneration ability. Exercise, diet choices and sleeping pattern have significant impacts on regeneration biology via diverse pathways including reducing the inflammatory and oxidative components. Thus, exercise, diet and sleeping management can be optimized towards therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. It could allow to prevent degeneration, optimize the biological regeneration and also provide adjuvants for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (A.G.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-654-2296
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Zhong D, Li Y, Huang Y, Hong X, Li J, Jin R. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise on Cancer: A Bibliometrics Study and Visualization Analysis via CiteSpace. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:797902. [PMID: 35096970 PMCID: PMC8794585 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.797902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the research hot spots and frontiers of molecular mechanisms of exercise on cancer via CiteSpace. Method: Related publications in the Web of Science Core Collection Science Citation Index Expanded were retrieved from inception to November 27th, 2021. Then we used CiteSpace to generate network maps and identify top authors, institutions, countries, keywords, co-cited authors, journals, references and research trends. Results: A total of 1,130 related publications were retrieved. The most productive author and journal were Lee W Jones and PLOS ONE. Hanahan D and Warburg O were the most cited authors. Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University were the leading institutions, while China was the leading country. Top-cited authors and references generally focused on the epidemiology and hallmarks of cancer. Top five keywords with both high frequency and high betweenness centrality were breast cancer, aerobic glycolysis, oxidative stress, gene expression, skeletal muscle. Keyword “warburg effect” ranked first with the highest citation burst, while “inflammation”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “epithelial mesenchymal transition”, and “adipose tissue” were emerging research foci. Conclusion: This study analyzed the research hot spots and frontiers of molecular mechanisms of exercise on cancer via CiteSpace. Based on the results, altered metabolism (aerobic glycolysis, insulin resistance, myokines), oxidative stress, gene expression and apoptosis were hot-research mechanisms of exercise on cancer. Emerging research foci of mechanisms were generally around inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition and adipokines. In addition, future studies could carry in-depth research of interactions between different mechanisms and try to elucidate the recommended doses and intensities of exercise for cancer, especially in breast, colorectal, prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Zhong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hong
- School of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Hong, ; Rongjiang Jin, ; Juan Li,
| | - Juan Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Hong, ; Rongjiang Jin, ; Juan Li,
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Hong, ; Rongjiang Jin, ; Juan Li,
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Analysis of physical activity and plasma levels of soluble CD40 and CD40L in older people with gastrointestinal tract cancer. Exp Gerontol 2022; 160:111677. [PMID: 35031307 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity prevents and treats cancer patients by assisting and improving the immune system. Co-stimulatory molecules that activate the immune system have been studied in cancer, such as immune checkpoint molecules of the CD40/CD40L pathway. This study aimed to characterize plasma levels of soluble CD40 (sCD40) and CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in older people with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer and associate results with physical activity. This prospective and exploratory cohort study was performed with 24 older people with GIT cancer and 23 healthy elderly individuals as controls. Physical activity level was classified as active or sedentary according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Plasma levels of sCD40 and sCD40L were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Plasma levels of sCD40 were higher, while sCD40L were lower (p = 0.0171) in older people with GIT cancer than controls (p = 0.0038). Regarding physical activity, active older people with GIT cancer presented lower plasma levels of sCD40 and sCD40L than those sedentary with GIT cancer (p = 0.0228 and p = 0.0236), respectively. Our findings suggest that GIT cancer stimulates the immune system in older people, elevates levels of sCD40, and reduces levels of sCD40L. Physical activity may be a protective factor for the immune system of these patients since it acts on sCD40/sCD40L pathway.
Collapse
|
150
|
Delphan M, Delfan N, West D, Delfan M. Exercise protocols: The gap between preclinical and clinical exercise oncology studies. Metabol Open 2022; 13:100165. [PMID: 35146403 PMCID: PMC8801378 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preclinical studies provide foundational knowledge to develop new effective treatments for use in clinical practice. Similar to clinical exercise oncology studies, it is also important to monitor, identify and/or avoid cancer-induced complications in preclinical (e.g., murine) exercise oncology studies. This may help close the gap between preclinical and clinical exercise oncology studies. The aim of the present mini review is to provide insight into exercise protocol design in preclinical exercise oncology studies in order to close the preclinical-clinical gap. A secondary aim was to examine exercise-responsive outcomes in the preclinical versus clinical setting. Method We reviewed animal studies in exercise oncology. A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline and studies in English were screened. Results We found that the majority of preclinical exercise protocols have not been at least tested clinically. We found some evidence that certain outcomes of preclinical studies (e.g., markers of cellular and molecular adaptation) that translate to clinical studies. However, this translation was dependent on the use, by investigators in their study design, of suitable and applicable preclinical exercise protocols. Conclusions Cancer and its treatment-induced complications (e.g., fatigue, cardiac atrophy, cachexia, etc.) have largely been ignored in the exercise protocols of preclinical oncology studies. Preclinical exercise oncology studies should consider the limitations of human exercise oncology studies when conducting gap analysis for their study design to increase the probability that findings related to mechanistic adaptations in exercise oncology will be translatable to the clinical setting. By virtue of paying heed to patient compliance and adverse effects, clinical exercise oncology research teams must design relevant, feasible exercise protocols; researchers in preclinical exercise oncology should also take such factors into consideration in order to help bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical studies in exercise oncology. Preclinical research provides foundational knowledge for the development of human experimental and clinical studies; however, direct translation of preclinical findings has a low success rate. Exercise can provide potent wide-ranging beneficial effects for people with chronic diseases, including cancer. A minority of preclinical exercise oncology studies account for cancer-related factors in their experimental design. To lessen the preclinical–clinical gap in exercise oncology research, preclinical exercise oncology studies should consider using experimental designs that are based on locomotor activity and/or VO2peak in animals bearing cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Delphan
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel West
- KITE Research, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author. Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak Village Street, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|