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Acellular Mouse Kidney ECM can be Used as a Three-Dimensional Substrate to Test the Differentiation Potential of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Renal Progenitors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:513-531. [PMID: 28239758 PMCID: PMC5493730 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of strategies for tissue regeneration and bio-artificial organ development is based on our understanding of embryogenesis. Differentiation protocols attempt to recapitulate the signaling modalities of gastrulation and organogenesis, coupled with cell selection regimens to isolate the cells of choice. This strategy is impeded by the lack of optimal in vitro culture systems since traditional culture systems do not allow for the three-dimensional interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix. While artificial three-dimensional scaffolds are available, using the natural extracellular matrix scaffold is advantageous because it has a distinct architecture that is difficult to replicate. The adult extracellular matrix is predicted to mediate signaling related to tissue repair not embryogenesis but existing similarities between the two argues that the extracellular matrix will influence the differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. Previous studies using undifferentiated embryonic stem cells grown directly on acellular kidney ECM demonstrated that the acellular kidney supported cell growth but limited differentiation occurred. Using mouse kidney extracellular matrix and mouse embryonic stem cells we report that the extracellular matrix can support the development of kidney structures if the stem cells are first differentiated to kidney progenitor cells before being applied to the acellular organ.
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102
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Xu B, Santos SAA, Hinton BT. Protein tyrosine kinase 7 regulates extracellular matrix integrity and mesenchymal intracellular RAC1 and myosin II activities during Wolffian duct morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 438:33-43. [PMID: 29580943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Wolffian duct morphogenesis must be highly coordinated with its specialized function of providing an optimal microenvironment for sperm maturation. Without normal Wolffian duct morphogenesis, male infertility will result. Our previous study showed that mediolateral and radial intercalation of epithelial and mesenchymal cells respectively, were major drivers of ductal elongation and were regulated by protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a member of the planar cell polarity (PCP) non-canonical Wnt pathway. To understand the mechanism by which PTK7 regulates cell rearrangement/intercalation, we investigated the integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the activity of intracellular cytoskeleton mediators following loss of Ptk7. Abnormal assembly of nephronectin, laminin, and collagen IV at the basement membrane and fibrosis-like deposition of fibrilla collagen in the interstitium were observed in Ptk7 knockout Wolffian ducts. Further, the activity levels of RAC1 and myosin II, two cytoskeleton mediators, decreased in the Ptk7 knockout mesenchyme compared to controls. In addition, in-vitro experiments suggested that alterations of ECM and cytoskeleton mediators resulted in changes in Wolffian duct morphogenesis. When in-vitro-cultured Wolffian ducts were treated with collagenase IV, the degree of cross-linked fibrilla collagen was reduced, Wolffian duct elongation and coiling were significantly reduced, and an expanded cyst-like duct was observed. When Wolffian ducts were treated with RAC1 inhibitor NSC23766, mesenchymal fibrilla collagen was disassembled, and Wolffian duct elongation was significantly reduced. Our findings provide evidence that PTK7 regulates ECM integrity and the activity levels of RAC1 and myosin II, which in turn regulates Wolffian duct morphogenesis and therefore, epididymal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sérgio A A Santos
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Barry T Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800732, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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A Damage Sensor Associated with the Cuticle Coordinates Three Core Environmental Stress Responses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2018; 208:1467-1482. [PMID: 29487136 PMCID: PMC5887142 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extracellular matrices function as protective barriers to many types of environmental insult, their role in sensing stress and regulating adaptive gene induction responses has not been studied carefully... Extracellular matrix barriers and inducible cytoprotective genes form successive lines of defense against chemical and microbial environmental stressors. The barrier in nematodes is a collagenous extracellular matrix called the cuticle. In Caenorhabditis elegans, disruption of some cuticle collagen genes activates osmolyte and antimicrobial response genes. Physical damage to the epidermis also activates antimicrobial responses. Here, we assayed the effect of knocking down genes required for cuticle and epidermal integrity on diverse cellular stress responses. We found that disruption of specific bands of collagen, called annular furrows, coactivates detoxification, hyperosmotic, and antimicrobial response genes, but not other stress responses. Disruption of other cuticle structures and epidermal integrity does not have the same effect. Several transcription factors act downstream of furrow loss. SKN-1/Nrf and ELT-3/GATA are required for detoxification, SKN-1/Nrf is partially required for the osmolyte response, and STA-2/Stat and ELT-3/GATA for antimicrobial gene expression. Our results are consistent with a cuticle-associated damage sensor that coordinates detoxification, hyperosmotic, and antimicrobial responses through overlapping, but distinct, downstream signaling.
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Procopio EQ, Colombo V, Santo N, Sironi A, Lenardi C, Maggioni D. Sol-gel TiO 2 colloidal suspensions and nanostructured thin films: structural and biological assessments. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:055704. [PMID: 29176062 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9ca0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of substrate topography in phenotype expression of in vitro cultured cells has been widely assessed. However, the production of the nanostructured interface via the deposition of sol-gel synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) has not yet been fully exploited. This is also evidenced by the limited number of studies correlating the morphological, structural and chemical properties of the grown thin films with those of the sol-gel 'brick' within the framework of the bottom-up approach. Our work intends to go beyond this drawback presenting an accurate investigation of sol-gel TiO2 NPs shaped as spheres and rods. They have been fully characterized by complementary analytical techniques both suspended in apolar solvents, by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and after deposition on substrates (solid state configuration) by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD). In the case of suspended anisotropic rods, the experimental DLS data, analyzed by the Tirado-Garcia de la Torre model, present the following ranges of dimensions: 4-5 nm diameter (∅) and 11-15 nm length (L). These results are in good agreement with that obtained by the two solid state techniques, namely 3.8(9) nm ∅ and 13.8(2.5) nm L from TEM and 5.6(1) ∅ and 13.3(1) nm L from PXRD data. To prove the suitability of the supported sol-gel NPs for biological issues, spheres and rods have been separately deposited on coverslips. The cell response has been ascertained by evaluating the adhesion of the epithelial cell line Madin-Darby canine kidney. The cellular analysis showed that titania films promote cell adhesion as well clustering organization, which is a distinguishing feature of this type of cell line. Thus, the use of nanostructured substrates via sol-gel could be considered a good candidate for cell culture with the further advantages of likely scalability and interfaceability with many different materials usable as supports.
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105
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Delbro D, Hallsberg L, Peeker R, Scherbak N, Fall M, Godtman RA. The extracellular matrix-degrading protein ADAMTS5 is expressed in the nuclei of urothelial cells in healthy rats. Scand J Urol 2018; 52:139-142. [PMID: 29334289 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2017.1422015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether protein expression of the extracellular matrix-degrading protease ADAMTS5 can be demonstrated in the urinary bladder of healthy rats, and, if so, to determine the localization of this enzyme. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were conducted with eight inbred male Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of ADAMTS5 in the urinary bladder. Negative controls were established by either excluding the primary antibody or applying the antibody after it had been preabsorbed with its immunogenic peptide. Confocal microscopy was used to visualize the distribution of ADAMTS5 in the urinary bladder tissue. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for ADAMTS5 was demonstrated in the urothelium and in the detrusor. This expression was localized not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nuclei. Confocal microscopy corroborated these findings. CONCLUSION Expression of ADAMTS5 was demonstrated in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei of the urothelium and detrusor cells, suggesting that it may play a role at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Delbro
- a Department of Medical Sciences , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Lena Hallsberg
- b Department of Surgery , Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ralph Peeker
- c Department of Urology , Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Nikolai Scherbak
- d School of Science and Technology , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden
| | - Magnus Fall
- c Department of Urology , Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman
- c Department of Urology , Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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106
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Modulation of fibronectin and laminin expression by Rhodium (II) citrate-coated maghemite nanoparticles in mice bearing breast tumor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17904. [PMID: 29263369 PMCID: PMC5738373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of cellular matrix is one of the important processes related to the progression of breast cancer. Tumor cells have the ability to exhibit necessary conditions for growth and survival, promoting degradation processes of extracellular matrix proteins, such as laminin (LN) and fibronectin (FN). In this study, we evaluated whether treatments, based on free rhodium (II) citrate (Rh2(H2cit)4), maghemite nanoparticles coated with citrate (Magh-cit) and maghemite nanoparticles coated with rhodium (II) citrate (Magh-Rh2(H2cit)4), in murine metastatic breast carcinoma models can modulate the expression of laminin and fibronectin proteins. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The expression of FN and LN was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The gene expression of FN1 and LAMA1 were evaluated using real-time PCR. The FN1 and LAMA1 transcripts from the Magh-Rh2(H2cit)4 treated group were 95% and 94%, respectively, lower than the control group. Significant reduction in tumor volume for animals treated with Magh-Rh2(H2cit)4 was observed, of about 83%. We witnessed statistically significant reductions of FN and LN expression following treatment with Magh-Rh2(H2cit)4. We have demonstrated that the antitumor effects of Magh-Rh2(H2cit)4 and Rh2(H2cit)4 regulate the expression of FN and LN in metastatic breast tumors.
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107
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Young BM, Shankar K, Allen BP, Pouliot RA, Schneck MB, Mikhaiel NS, Heise RL. Electrospun Decellularized Lung Matrix Scaffold for Airway Smooth Muscle Culture. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3480-3492. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M. Young
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Room 1071, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Keerthana Shankar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Room 1071, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Brittany P. Allen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Room 1071, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Robert A. Pouliot
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Room 1071, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Matthew B. Schneck
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Room 1071, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Nabil S. Mikhaiel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Room 1071, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Heise
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E. Leigh
Street, Room 1071, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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108
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Colon S, Page-McCaw P, Bhave G. Role of Hypohalous Acids in Basement Membrane Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:839-854. [PMID: 28657332 PMCID: PMC5647493 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like structures of specialized extracellular matrix that underlie nearly all tissue cell layers including epithelial, endothelial, and muscle cells. BMs not only provide structural support but are also critical for the development, maintenance, and repair of organs. Animal heme peroxidases generate highly reactive hypohalous acids extracellularly and, therefore, target BMs for oxidative modification. Given the importance of BMs in tissue structure and function, hypohalous acid-mediated oxidative modifications of BM proteins represent a key mechanism in normal development and pathogenesis of disease. Recent Advances: Peroxidasin (PXDN), a BM-associated animal heme peroxidase, generates hypobromous acid (HOBr) to form sulfilimine cross-links within the collagen IV network of BM. These cross-links stabilize BM and are critical for animal tissue development. These findings highlight a paradoxical anabolic role for HOBr, which typically damages protein structure leading to dysfunction. CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular mechanism whereby PXDN uses HOBr as a reactive intermediate to cross-link collagen IV, yet avoid collateral damage to nearby BM proteins, remains unclear. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The exact identification and functional impact of specific hypohalous acid-mediated modifications of BM proteins need to be addressed to connect these modifications to tissue development and pathogenesis of disease. As seen with the sulfilimine cross-link of collagen IV, hypohalous acid oxidative events may be beneficial in select situations rather than uniformly deleterious. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 839-854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Colon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Patrick Page-McCaw
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gautam Bhave
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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109
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically investigate the presence and localization of ADAMTS 1, 4, 5, 8 and 9 in decidual and chorionic tissues in first trimester pregnancy losses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted with early pregnancy failure decidual and chorionic tissue samples from 36 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy (ongoing pregnancies, missed miscarriages, anembryonic pregnancies) Results: It was observed that the decidual and chorionic tissue levels of ADAMTS 1, 4, 5, and 8 in ongoing pregnancies were more intensely expressed when compared with miscarriages. ADAMTS 1 expression was not observed in the anembryonic pregnancies, ADAMTS 4, 5, and 8 were less intensely expressed. ADAMTS 9 showed no staining in any group. CONCLUSION ADAMTS 1 may be necessary during the decidualization and implantation stages of early normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziya Kalem
- b Gurgan Clinic IVF and Women Health Center , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bakirarar
- c Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakultesi , Biostatistics , Ankara , Turkey
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110
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Chaimov D, Baruch L, Krishtul S, Meivar-levy I, Ferber S, Machluf M. Innovative encapsulation platform based on pancreatic extracellular matrix achieve substantial insulin delivery. J Control Release 2017; 257:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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111
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Abstract
A great breadth of questions remains in cellular biology. Some questions cannot be answered using traditional analytical techniques and so demand the development of new tools for research. In the near future, the development of highly integrated microfluidic analytical platforms will enable the acquisition of unknown biological data. These microfluidic systems must allow cell culture under controlled microenvironment and high throughput analysis. For this purpose, the integration of a variable number of newly developed micro- and nano-technologies, which enable control of topography and surface chemistry, soluble factors, mechanical forces and cell–cell contacts, as well as technology for monitoring cell phenotype and genotype with high spatial and temporal resolution will be necessary. These multifunctional devices must be accompanied by appropriate data analysis and management of the expected large datasets generated. The knowledge gained with these platforms has the potential to improve predictive models of the behavior of cells, impacting directly in better therapies for disease treatment. In this review, we give an overview of the microtechnology toolbox available for the design of high throughput microfluidic platforms for cell analysis. We discuss current microtechnologies for cell microenvironment control, different methodologies to create large arrays of cellular systems and finally techniques for monitoring cells in microfluidic devices.
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112
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Jeong JY, Ibrahim M, Kim MJ, So K, Jeong YD, Park S, Kim M, Lee HJ. Comparisons of extracellular matrix-related gene expression levels in different adipose tissues from Korean cattle. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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113
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Teixeira SC, Lopes DS, Gimenes SNC, Teixeira TL, da Silva MS, Brígido RTES, da Luz FAC, da Silva AA, Silva MA, Florentino PV, Tavares PCB, dos Santos MA, Ávila VDMR, Silva MJB, Elias MC, Mortara RA, da Silva CV. Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-angiogenic Activity of Trypanosoma cruzi Protein 21 and its Potential Impact on the Onset of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44978. [PMID: 28322302 PMCID: PMC5359584 DOI: 10.1038/srep44978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is arguably the most important form of the Chagas Disease, caused by the intracellular protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi; it is estimated that 10-30% of chronic patients develop this clinical manifestation. The most common and severe form of CCC can be related to ventricular abnormalities, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, heart blocks, thromboembolic events and sudden death. Therefore, in this study, we proposed to evaluate the anti-angiogenic activity of a recombinant protein from T. cruzi named P21 (rP21) and the potential impact of the native protein on CCC. Our data suggest that the anti-angiogenic activity of rP21 depends on the protein's direct interaction with the CXCR4 receptor. This capacity is likely related to the modulation of the expression of actin and angiogenesis-associated genes. Thus, our results indicate that T. cruzi P21 is an attractive target for the development of innovative therapeutic agents against CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Daiana Silva Lopes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Sarah Natalie Cirilo Gimenes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Thaise Lara Teixeira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Santos da Silva
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rebecca Tavares e Silva Brígido
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular e Biotecnologia do Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária/Hanseníase, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Felipe Andrés Cordero da Luz
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Aline Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Makswell Almeida Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Pilar Veras Florentino
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paula Cristina Brígido Tavares
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Marlus Alves dos Santos
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Marcelo José Barbosa Silva
- Laboratório de Osteoimunologia e Imunologia dos Tumores, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Carolina Elias
- Center of Toxins, Immune Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renato Arruda Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Claudio Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
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Efraim Y, Sarig H, Cohen Anavy N, Sarig U, de Berardinis E, Chaw SY, Krishnamoorthi M, Kalifa J, Bogireddi H, Duc TV, Kofidis T, Baruch L, Boey FY, Venkatraman SS, Machluf M. Biohybrid cardiac ECM-based hydrogels improve long term cardiac function post myocardial infarction. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:220-233. [PMID: 27956366 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration are a promising therapeutic approach for progressive heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). Their major advantage lies in their delivery modality that is considered minimally invasive due to their direct injection into the myocardium. Biomaterials comprising such scaffolds should mimic the cardiac tissue in terms of composition, structure, mechanical support, and most importantly, bioactivity. Nonetheless, natural biomaterial-based gels may suffer from limited mechanical strength, which often fail to provide the long-term support required by the heart for contraction and relaxation. Here we present newly-developed injectable scaffolds, which are based on solubilized decellularized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (pcECM) cross-linked with genipin alone or engineered with different amounts of chitosan to better control the gel's mechanical properties while still leveraging the ECM biological activity. We demonstrate that these new biohybrid materials are naturally remodeled by mesenchymal stem cells, while supporting high viabilities and affecting cell morphology and organization. They exhibit neither in vitro nor in vivo immunogenicity. Most importantly, their application in treating acute and long term chronic MI in rat models clearly demonstrates the significant therapeutic potential of these gels in the long-term (12weeks post MI). The pcECM-based gels enable not only preservation, but also improvement in cardiac function eight weeks post treatment, as measured using echocardiography as well as hemodynamics. Infiltration of progenitor cells into the gels highlights the possible biological remodeling properties of the ECM-based platform. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work describes the development of new injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration that are based on solubilized porcine cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), combined with natural biomaterials: genipin, and chitosan. The design of such scaffolds aims at leveraging the natural bioactivity and unique structure of cardiac ECM, while overcoming its limited mechanical strength, which may fail to provide the long-term support required for heart contraction and relaxation. Here, we present a biocompatible gel-platform with custom-tailored mechanical properties that significantly improve cardiac function when injected into rat hearts following acute and chronic myocardial infarction. We clearly demonstrate the substantial therapeutic potential of these scaffolds, which not only preserved heart functions but also alleviated MI damage, even after the formation of a mature scar tissue.
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115
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Wu F, Chen W, Gillis B, Fischbach C, Estroff LA, Gourdon D. Protein-crystal interface mediates cell adhesion and proangiogenic secretion. Biomaterials 2017; 116:174-185. [PMID: 27940370 PMCID: PMC5223748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nanoscale materials properties of bone apatite crystals have been implicated in breast cancer bone metastasis and their interactions with extracellular matrix proteins are likely involved. In this study, we used geologic hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), closely related to bone apatite, to investigate how HAP surface chemistry and nano/microscale topography individually influence the crystal-protein interface, and how the altered protein deposition impacts subsequent breast cancer cell activities. We first utilized Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to assess the molecular conformation of fibronectin (Fn), a major extracellular matrix protein upregulated in cancer, when it adsorbed onto HAP facets. Our analysis reveals that both low surface charge density and nanoscale roughness of HAP facets individually contributed to molecular unfolding of Fn. We next quantified cell adhesion and secretion on Fn-coated HAP facets using MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our data show elevated proangiogenic and proinflammatory secretions associated with more unfolded Fn adsorbed onto nano-rough HAP facets with low surface charge density. These findings not only deconvolute the roles of crystal surface chemistry and topography in interfacial protein deposition but also enhance our knowledge of protein-mediated breast cancer cell interactions with apatite, which may be implicated in tumor growth and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Weisi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brian Gillis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Crewe C, An YA, Scherer PE. The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:74-82. [PMID: 28045400 DOI: 10.1172/jci88883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three dominant contributors to the pathogenesis of dysfunctional adipose tissue (AT) in obesity: unresolved inflammation, inappropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and insufficient angiogenic potential. The interactions of these processes during AT expansion reflect both a linear progression as well as feed-forward mechanisms. For example, both inflammation and inadequate angiogenic remodeling can drive fibrosis, which can in turn promote migration of immune cells into adipose depots and impede further angiogenesis. Therefore, the relationship between the members of this triad is complex but important for our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity. Here we untangle some of these intricacies to highlight the contributions of inflammation, angiogenesis, and the ECM to both "healthy" and "unhealthy" AT expansion.
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117
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Chen WCW, Wang Z, Missinato MA, Park DW, Long DW, Liu HJ, Zeng X, Yates NA, Kim K, Wang Y. Decellularized zebrafish cardiac extracellular matrix induces mammalian heart regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600844. [PMID: 28138518 PMCID: PMC5262469 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart attack is a global health problem that leads to significant morbidity, mortality, and health care burden. Adult human hearts have very limited regenerative capability after injury. However, evolutionarily primitive species generally have higher regenerative capacity than mammals. The extracellular matrix (ECM) may contribute to this difference. Mammalian cardiac ECM may not be optimally inductive for cardiac regeneration because of the fibrotic, instead of regenerative, responses in injured adult mammalian hearts. Given the high regenerative capacity of adult zebrafish hearts, we hypothesize that decellularized zebrafish cardiac ECM (zECM) made from normal or healing hearts can induce mammalian heart regeneration. Using zebrafish and mice as representative species of lower vertebrates and mammals, we show that a single administration of zECM, particularly the healing variety, enables cardiac functional recovery and regeneration of adult mouse heart tissues after acute myocardial infarction. zECM-treated groups exhibit proliferation of the remaining cardiomyocytes and multiple cardiac precursor cell populations and reactivation of ErbB2 expression in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, zECM exhibits pro-proliferative and chemotactic effects on human cardiac precursor cell populations in vitro. These contribute to the structural preservation and correlate with significantly higher cardiac contractile function, notably less left ventricular dilatation, and substantially more elastic myocardium in zECM-treated hearts than control animals treated with saline or decellularized adult mouse cardiac ECM. Inhibition of ErbB2 activity abrogates beneficial effects of zECM administration, indicating the possible involvement of ErbB2 signaling in zECM-mediated regeneration. This study departs from conventional focuses on mammalian ECM and introduces a new approach for cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C. W. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria Azzurra Missinato
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dae Woo Park
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Daniel Ward Long
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Heng-Jui Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nathan A. Yates
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kang Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Corresponding author.
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118
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Galli C, Parisi L, Piergianni M, Smerieri A, Passeri G, Guizzardi S, Costa F, Lumetti S, Manfredi E, Macaluso GM. Improved scaffold biocompatibility through anti-Fibronectin aptamer functionalization. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:147-156. [PMID: 27449338 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Protein adsorption is the first and decisive step to define cell-biomaterial interaction. Guiding the adsorption of desired protein species may represent a viable approach to promote cell activities conducive to tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether immobilized anti-Fibronectin aptamers could promote the attachment and growth of osteoblastic cells. Polyethyleneglycole diacrylate/thiolated Hyaluronic Acid hydrogels (PEGDA/tHA) were coated with anti-Fibronectin aptamers. Hydrogel loading and Fibronectin bonding were investigated, through spectrophotometry and Bradford assay. Subsequently, human osteoblasts (hOBs) were cultured on hydrogels for 10days in 2D and 3D cultures. Cells were monitored through microscopy and stained for focal adhesions, microfilaments and nuclei using fluorescence microscopy. Samples were also included in paraffin and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. Cell number on hydrogels was quantitated over time. Cell migration into the hydrogels was also studied through Calcein AM staining. Aptamers increased the number of adherent hOBs and their cytoplasm appeared more spread and richer in adhesion complexes than on control hydrogels. Viability assays confirmed that significantly more cells were present on hydrogels in the presence of aptamers, already after 48h of culture. When hOBs were encapsulated into hydrogels, cells were more numerous on aptamer-containing PEGDA-tHA. Cells migrated deeper in the gel in the presence of DNA aptamers, appearing on different focus planes. Our data demonstrate that anti-Fibronectin aptamers promote scaffold enrichment for this protein, thus improving cell adhesion and scaffold colonization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We believe aptamer coating of biomaterials is a useful and viable approach to improve the performance of scaffold materials for both research and possibly clinical purposes, because different medical devices could be envisaged able to capture bioactive mediators from the patients' blood and concentrate them where they are needed, on the biomaterial itself. At the same time, this technology could be used to confer 3D cell culture scaffold with the ability to store proteins, such as Fibronectin, taking it from the medium and capture what is produced by cells. This is an improvement of traditional biomaterials that can be enriched with exogenous molecules but are not able to selectively capture a desired molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Galli
- Dep. Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Istituto Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy.
| | - L Parisi
- Dep. Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M Piergianni
- Dep. Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - A Smerieri
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Passeri
- Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Guizzardi
- Dep. Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Costa
- Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Lumetti
- Dep. Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - E Manfredi
- Dep. Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G M Macaluso
- Dep. Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Istituto Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy
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119
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Sheets AR, Demidova-Rice TN, Shi L, Ronfard V, Grover KV, Herman IM. Identification and Characterization of Novel Matrix-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Role for Collagenase from Santyl® Ointment in Post-Debridement Wound Healing? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159598. [PMID: 27459729 PMCID: PMC4961374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Debridement, the removal of diseased, nonviable tissue, is critical for clinicians to readily assess wound status and prepare the wound bed for advanced therapeutics or downstream active healing. Removing necrotic slough and eschar through surgical or mechanical methods is less specific and may be painful for patients. Enzymatic debridement agents, such as Clostridial collagenase, selectively and painlessly degrade devitalized tissue. In addition to its debriding activities, highly-purified Clostridial collagenase actively promotes healing, and our past studies reveal that extracellular matrices digested with this enzyme yield peptides that activate cellular migratory, proliferative and angiogenic responses to injury in vitro, and promote wound closure in vivo. Intriguingly, while collagenase Santyl® ointment, a sterile preparation containing Clostridial collagenases and other non-specific proteases, is a well-accepted enzymatic debridement agent, its role as an active healing entity has never been established. Based on our previous studies of pure Clostridial collagenase, we now ask whether the mixture of enzymes contained within Santyl® produces matrix-derived peptides that promote cellular injury responses in vitro and stimulate wound closure in vivo. Here, we identify novel collagen fragments, along with collagen-associated peptides derived from thrombospondin-1, multimerin-1, fibronectin, TGFβ-induced protein ig-h3 and tenascin-C, generated from Santyl® collagenase-digested human dermal capillary endothelial and fibroblastic matrices, which increase cell proliferation and angiogenic remodeling in vitro by 50-100% over controls. Using an established model of impaired healing, we further demonstrate a specific dose of collagenase from Santyl® ointment, as well as the newly-identified and chemically-synthesized ECM-derived peptides significantly increase wound re-epithelialization by 60-100% over saline-treated controls. These results not only confirm and extend our earlier studies using purified collagenase- and matrix-derived peptides to stimulate healing in vitro and in vivo, but these Santyl®-generated, matrix-derived peptides may also represent exciting new opportunities for creating advanced wound healing therapies that are enabled by enzymatic debridement and potentially go beyond debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Sheets
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Physiology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
| | - Tatiana N. Demidova-Rice
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
| | - Lei Shi
- Smith & Nephew PLC, 3909 Hulen St., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Vincent Ronfard
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Komel V. Grover
- Smith & Nephew PLC, 3909 Hulen St., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States of America
| | - Ira M. Herman
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Physiology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, School of Medicine, Tufts University, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, United States of America
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120
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Rasi Ghaemi S, Delalat B, Cetó X, Harding FJ, Tuke J, Voelcker NH. Synergistic influence of collagen I and BMP 2 drives osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: A cell microarray analysis. Acta Biomater 2016. [PMID: 26196081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell microarrays are a novel platform for the high throughput discovery of new biomaterials. By re-creating a multitude of cell microenvironments on a single slide, this approach can identify the optimal surface composition to drive a desired cell response. To systematically study the effects of molecular microenvironments on stem cell fate, we designed a cell microarray based on parallel exposure of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to surface-immobilised collagen I (Coll I) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2). This was achieved by means of a reactive coating on a slide surface, enabling the covalent anchoring of Coll I and BMP 2 as microscale spots printed by a robotic contact printer. The surface between the printed protein spots was passivated using poly (ethylene glycol) bisamine 10,000Da (A-PEG). MSCs were then captured and cultured on array spots composed of binary mixtures of Coll I and BMP 2, followed by automated image acquisition and quantitative, multi-parameter analysis of cellular responses. Surface compositions that gave the highest osteogenic differentiation were determined using Runx2 expression and calcium deposition. Quantitative single cell analysis revealed subtle concentration-dependent effects of surface-immobilised proteins on the extent of osteogenic differentiation obscured using conventional analysis. In particular, the synergistic interaction of Coll I and BMP 2 in supporting osteogenic differentiation was confirmed. Our studies demonstrate the value of cell microarray platforms to decipher the combinatorial interactions at play in stem cell niche microenvironments.
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121
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Fast calcium wave inhibits excessive apoptosis during epithelial wound healing. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 365:343-56. [PMID: 26987821 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful wound closure is mainly the result of two cellular processes: migration and proliferation. Apoptosis has also been suggested to play a role in the mechanisms of wound healing. The fast calcium wave (FCW), triggered immediately after a wound is produced, has been proposed to be involved in determining healing responses in epithelia. We have explored the effects of the reversible inhibition of FCW on the apoptotic and proliferative responses of healing bovine corneal endothelial (BCE) cells in culture. The most important findings of this study are that caspase-dependent apoptosis occurs during the healing process, that the amount of apoptosis has a linear dependence on the migrated distance, and that FCW inhibition greatly increases the apoptotic index. We have further been able to establish that FCW plays a role in the control of cell proliferation during BCE wound healing. These results indicate that one of the main roles of the wave is to inhibit an excessive apoptotic response of the healing migrating cells. This property might represent a basic mechanism to allow sufficient migration and proliferation of the healing cells to assure proper restitution of the injured tissue.
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122
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Theocharis AD, Skandalis SS, Gialeli C, Karamanos NK. Extracellular matrix structure. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:4-27. [PMID: 26562801 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, and several other glycoproteins. Matrix components bind each other as well as cell adhesion receptors forming a complex network into which cells reside in all tissues and organs. Cell surface receptors transduce signals into cells from ECM, which regulate diverse cellular functions, such as survival, growth, migration, and differentiation, and are vital for maintaining normal homeostasis. ECM is a highly dynamic structural network that continuously undergoes remodeling mediated by several matrix-degrading enzymes during normal and pathological conditions. Deregulation of ECM composition and structure is associated with the development and progression of several pathologic conditions. This article emphasizes in the complex ECM structure as to provide a better understanding of its dynamic structural and functional multipotency. Where relevant, the implication of the various families of ECM macromolecules in health and disease is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Chrysostomi Gialeli
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; Division of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine Malmö, Lund University, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Pinto V, Mohammadi H, Lee W, Cheung A, McCulloch C. PAK1 is involved in sensing the orientation of collagen stiffness gradients in mouse fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2526-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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124
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Liu P, Zhao Y, Yan Y, Hu Y, Yang W, Cai K. Construction of extracellular microenvironment to improve surface endothelialization of NiTi alloy substrate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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125
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Brown AC, Dysart MM, Clarke KC, Stabenfeldt SE, Barker TH. Integrin α3β1 Binding to Fibronectin Is Dependent on the Ninth Type III Repeat. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25534-47. [PMID: 26318455 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.656702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn) is a promiscuous ligand for numerous cell adhesion receptors or integrins. The vast majority of Fn-integrin interactions are mediated through the Fn Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif located within the tenth type III repeat. In the case of integrins αIIbβ3 and α5β1, the integrin binds RGD and the synergy site (PHSRN) located within the adjacent ninth type III repeat. Prior work has shown that these synergy-dependent integrins are exquisitely sensitive to perturbations in the Fn integrin binding domain conformation. Our own prior studies of epithelial cell responses to recombinant fragments of the Fn integrin binding domain led us to hypothesize that integrin α3β1 binding may also be modulated by the synergy site. To explore this hypothesis, we created a variety of recombinant variants of the Fn integrin binding domain: (i) a previously reported (Leu → Pro) stabilizing mutant (FnIII9'10), (ii) an Arg to Ala synergy site mutation (FnIII9(R)→(A)10), (iii) a two-Gly (FnIII9(2G)10) insertion, and (iv) a four-Gly (FNIII9(4G)10) insertion in the interdomain linker region and used surface plasmon resonance to determine binding kinetics of integrin α3β1 to the Fn fragments. Integrin α3β1 had the highest affinity for FnIII9'10 and FnIII9(2G)10. Mutation within the synergy site decreased integrin α3β1 binding 17-fold, and the four-Gly insertion decreased binding 39-fold compared with FnIII9'10. Cell attachment studies demonstrate that α3β1-mediated epithelial cell binding is greater on FnIII9'10 compared with the other fragments. These studies suggest that the presence and spacing of the RGD and synergy sites modulate integrin α3β1 binding to Fn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C Brown
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Marilyn M Dysart
- the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Kimberly C Clarke
- the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Sarah E Stabenfeldt
- the School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, and
| | - Thomas H Barker
- the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta Georgia 30332, the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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126
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Justet C, Evans F, Torriglia A, Chifflet S. Increase in the expression of leukocyte elastase inhibitor during wound healing in corneal endothelial cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:557-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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127
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Wu F, Lin DDW, Chang JH, Fischbach C, Estroff LA, Gourdon D. Effect of the Materials Properties of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles on Fibronectin Deposition and Conformation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2015; 15:2452-2460. [PMID: 26257585 PMCID: PMC4527546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) nanoparticles with controlled materials properties have been synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal aging method to investigate fibronectin (Fn) adsorption. Two distinct populations of HAP nanoparticles have been generated: HAP1 particles had smaller size, plate-like shape, lower crystallinity, and more negative ζ potential than HAP2 particles. We then developed two-dimensional platforms containing HAP and Fn and analyzed both the amount and the conformation of Fn via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) at various HAP concentrations. Our FRET analysis reveals that larger amounts of more compact Fn molecules were adsorbed onto HAP1 than onto HAP2 particles. Additionally, our data show that the amount of compact Fn adsorbed increased with increasing HAP concentration due to the formation of nanoparticle agglomerates. We propose that both the surface chemistry of single nanoparticles and the size and morphology of HAP agglomerates play significant roles in the interaction of Fn with HAP. Collectively, our findings suggest that the HAP-induced conformational changes of Fn, a critical mechanotransducer protein involved in the communication of cells with their environment, will ultimately affect downstream cellular behaviors. These results have important implications for our understanding of organic-inorganic interactions in physiological and pathological biomineralization processes such as HAP-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United
States
| | - Debra D. W. Lin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United
States
| | - Jin Ho Chang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United States
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United States
- Kavli
Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United
States
- Kavli
Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United
States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 United States
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128
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Carneiro K, de Brito JM, Rossi MID. Development by three-dimensional approaches and four-dimensional imaging: to the knowledge frontier and beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:1-8. [PMID: 25789860 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many advances have been taken on elucidating embryonic development and tissue homeostasis and repair by the use of experimental strategies that preserve the three-dimensional (3D) organization and allow quantitative analysis of images over time (four-dimensional). Ranging from the understanding about the relationship between blastomeres and the events that take place during gastrulation by the use of time-lapse imaging through 3D cultures that mimic organogenesis, the advances in this area are of critical value. The studies on embryonic development without disrupting the original architecture and the development of 3D organoid cultures pave a new avenue for unprecedented experimental advances that will positively impact the emergence of new treatments applying regenerative principles for both tissue repair and organ transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Carneiro
- Biomedical Institute of Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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129
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Cathepsin B in human myometrium and in uterine leiomyomas at various stages of tumour growth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 185:140-4. [PMID: 25577554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cathepsin B is a major cysteine protease involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, as well as in the activation of precursor forms of other proteases and in release of matrix-bound growth factors. We assessed the expression and activity of cathepsin B, and the inhibitory effect of cysteine protease inhibitors in human myometrium and uterine leiomyomas at various stages of tumour growth. STUDY DESIGN Studies were performed on human myometrium collected from 12 patients and on uterine leiomyomas of various weights: small (less than or equal to 25 g, taken from 10 patients) and large (more than or equal to 100 g, obtained from 13 patients). Tissue extracts were assayed for cathepsin B activity and for inhibitory effect of cysteine protease inhibitors against papain using fluorogenic substrates, and calculated per DNA content. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance followed by Dunn's post hoc tests. The enzyme expression was evaluated by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by Western immunoblotting. RESULTS In all the investigated tissues cathepsin B exists mainly in a fully processed double-chain form. The enzyme activity and expression were similar in control myometrium and in small leiomyomas. However, they distinctly increased during tumour growth. The effect of cysteine protease inhibitors was comparable in all the tissues examined. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the enhanced activity and expression of cathepsin B but not the action of cysteine protease inhibitors contribute to an increased remodelling of extracellular matrix and bioavailability of various growth factors, which favour leiomyoma growth.
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Kristensen JH, Karsdal MA, Genovese F, Johnson S, Svensson B, Jacobsen S, Hägglund P, Leeming DJ. The Role of Extracellular Matrix Quality in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Respiration 2014; 88:487-99. [DOI: 10.1159/000368163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Óvilo C, Benítez R, Fernández A, Núñez Y, Ayuso M, Fernández AI, Rodríguez C, Isabel B, Rey AI, López-Bote C, Silió L. Longissimus dorsi transcriptome analysis of purebred and crossbred Iberian pigs differing in muscle characteristics. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:413. [PMID: 24885501 PMCID: PMC4070551 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two main genetic types in Iberian pig production show important phenotypic differences in growth, fattening and tissue composition since early developmental stages. The objective of this work was the evaluation of muscle transcriptome profile in piglets of both genetic types, in order to identify genes, pathways and regulatory factors responsible for their phenotypic differences. Contemporary families coming from pure Iberian pigs (IB) or from crossing with Duroc boars (DU×IB) were generated. Piglets (14 from each genetic type) were slaughtered at weaning (28 days) and longissimus dorsi was sampled for composition and gene expression studies. RNA was obtained and hybridized to Affymetrix Porcine Genechip expression arrays. RESULTS Loin muscle chemical composition showed significant differences between genetic types in intramuscular fat content (6.1% vs. 4.3% in IB and DUxIB animals, respectively, P = 0.009) and in saturated (P = 0.019) and monounsaturated fatty acid proportions (P = 0.044). The statistical analysis of gene expression data allowed the identification of 256 differentially expressed (DE) genes between genetic types (FDR < 0.10), 102 upregulated in IB and 154 upregulated in DU×IB. Transcript differences were validated for a subset of DE genes by qPCR. We observed alteration in biological functions related to extracellular matrix function and organization, cellular adhesion, muscle growth, lipid metabolism and proteolysis. Candidate genes with known effects on muscle growth were found among the DE genes upregulated in DU×IB. Genes related to lipid metabolism and proteolysis were found among those upregulated in IB. Regulatory factors (RF) potentially involved in the expression differences were identified by calculating the regulatory impact factors. Twenty-nine RF were found, some of them with known relationship with tissue development (MSTN, SIX4, IRX3), adipogenesis (CEBPD, PPARGC1B), or extracellular matrix processes (MAX, MXI1). Correlation among the expression of these RF and DE genes show relevant differences between genetic types. CONCLUSION These results provide valuable information about genetic mechanisms determining the phenotypic differences on growth and meat quality between the genetic types studied, mainly related to the development and function of the extracellular matrix and also to some metabolic processes as proteolysis and lipid metabolism. Transcription factors and regulatory mechanisms are proposed for these altered biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Óvilo
- />Dpto Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Rita Benítez
- />Dpto Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández
- />Dpto Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Yolanda Núñez
- />Dpto Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Miriam Ayuso
- />Dpto Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Rodríguez
- />Dpto Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- />Dpto Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Rey
- />Dpto Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Silió
- />Dpto Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Ctra Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, 28040 Spain
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Opposing effects of collagen I and vitronectin on fibronectin fibril structure and function. Matrix Biol 2014; 34:33-45. [PMID: 24509439 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils serve as passive structural supports for the organization of cells into tissues, yet can also actively stimulate a variety of cell and tissue functions, including cell proliferation. Factors that control and coordinate the functional activities of fibronectin fibrils are not known. Here, we compared effects of cell adhesion to vitronectin versus type I collagen on the assembly of and response to, extracellular matrix fibronectin fibrils. The amount of insoluble fibronectin matrix fibrils assembled by fibronectin-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts adherent to collagen- or vitronectin-coated substrates was not significantly different 20 h after fibronectin addition. However, the fibronectin matrix produced by vitronectin-adherent cells was ~10-fold less effective at enhancing cell proliferation than that of collagen-adherent cells. Increasing insoluble fibronectin levels with the fibronectin fragment, anastellin did not increase cell proliferation. Rather, native fibronectin fibrils polymerized by collagen- and vitronectin-adherent cells exhibited conformational differences in the growth-promoting, III-1 region of fibronectin, with collagen-adherent cells producing fibronectin fibrils in a more extended conformation. Fibronectin matrix assembly on either substrate was mediated by α5β1 integrins. However, on vitronectin-adherent cells, α5β1 integrins functioned in a lower activation state, characterized by reduced 9EG7 binding and decreased talin association. The inhibitory effect of vitronectin on fibronectin-mediated cell proliferation was localized to the cell-binding domain, but was not a general property of αvβ3 integrin-binding substrates. These data suggest that adhesion to vitronectin allows for the uncoupling of fibronectin fibril formation from downstream signaling events by reducing α5β1 integrin activation and fibronectin fibril extension.
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Jonkman JEN, Cathcart JA, Xu F, Bartolini ME, Amon JE, Stevens KM, Colarusso P. An introduction to the wound healing assay using live-cell microscopy. Cell Adh Migr 2014; 8:440-51. [PMID: 25482647 PMCID: PMC5154238 DOI: 10.4161/cam.36224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing assay is used in a range of disciplines to study the coordinated movement of a cell population. In this technical review, we describe the workflow of the wound healing assay as monitored by optical microscopy. Although the assay is straightforward, a lack of standardization in its application makes it difficult to compare results and reproduce experiments among researchers. We recommend general guidelines for consistency, including: (1) sample preparation including the creation of the gap, (2) microscope equipment requirements, (3) image acquisition, and (4) the use of image analysis to measure the gap size and its rate of closure over time. We also describe parameters that are specific to the particular research question, such as seeding density and matrix coatings. All of these parameters must be carefully controlled within a given set of experiments in order to achieve accurate and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. N. Jonkman
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility;
University Health Network; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Judith A. Cathcart
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility;
University Health Network; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Feng Xu
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility;
University Health Network; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Miria E. Bartolini
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Facility;
University Health Network; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jennifer E. Amon
- Live Cell Imaging Facility; Snyder Institute
for Chronic Diseases; University of Calgary; Calgary, AB
Canada
| | - Katarzyna M. Stevens
- Live Cell Imaging Facility; Snyder Institute
for Chronic Diseases; University of Calgary; Calgary, AB
Canada
| | - Pina Colarusso
- Live Cell Imaging Facility; Snyder Institute
for Chronic Diseases; University of Calgary; Calgary, AB
Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology;
University of Calgary; Calgary, AB Canada
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Hassan N, Tchao J, Tobita K. Concise review: skeletal muscle stem cells and cardiac lineage: potential for heart repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:183-93. [PMID: 24371329 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Valuable and ample resources have been spent over the last two decades in pursuit of interventional strategies to treat the unmet demand of heart failure patients to restore myocardial structure and function. At present, it is clear that full restoration of myocardial structure and function is outside our reach from both clinical and basic research studies, but it may be achievable with a combination of ongoing research, creativity, and perseverance. Since the 1990s, skeletal myoblasts have been extensively investigated for cardiac cell therapy of congestive heart failure. Whereas the Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial revealed that transplanted skeletal myoblasts did not integrate into the host myocardium and also did not transdifferentiate into cardiomyocytes despite some beneficial effects on recipient myocardial function, recent studies suggest that skeletal muscle-derived stem cells have the ability to adopt a cardiomyocyte phenotype in vitro and in vivo. This brief review endeavors to summarize the importance of skeletal muscle stem cells and how they can play a key role to surpass current results in the future and enhance the efficacious implementation of regenerative cell therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen Hassan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Department of Bioengineering, and McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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