101
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Lv XF, Hong HQ, Liu L, Cui SH, Ren CC, Li HY, Zhang XA, Zhang LD, Wei TX, Liu JJ, Xing WY, Fu H, Yan SJ. RNAi‑mediated downregulation of asparaginase‑like protein 1 inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis of human cervical cancer line SiHa. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:931-937. [PMID: 29767260 PMCID: PMC6059725 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase like 1 (ASRGL1) protein belongs to the N-terminal nucleophile group, cleaving the isoaspartyl-dipeptides and L-asparagine by adding water. It tends to be overexpressed in cancerous tumors including ovarian cancer and breast tumors. The present study assessed the potential ability of ASRGL1 as a molecular target in gene-based cervical cancer treatment. The protein expression level of ASRGL1 was determined in paraffin-embedded tumor specimen by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, in order to assess the activity of ASRGL1 during the process of cervical cancer cell multiplication, ASRGL1-short hairpin (sh) RNA-expressing lentivirus was established, which was used to infect SiHa cells. The Cellomics ArrayScan VT1 Reader identified the influence of downregulation on SiHa caused by RNA interference-intervened ASRGL1. Flow cytometric analysis was also performed to evaluate the influence. The cyclin dependent kinase (CDK2), cyclin A2, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression levels were assessed by western blot analysis. ASRGL1 was observed to be overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues when compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The knockdown of ASRGL1 in SiHa by ASRGL1-shRNA lentivirus infection significantly inhibited cell growth and enhanced cellular apoptosis; the cells were also captured during the S phase. The knockdown of ASRGL1 expression led to the increased expression of Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2, CDK2 and cyclin A2. In conclusion, ASRGL1 was closely associated with growth and apoptosis in cervical cancer. Therefore, ASRGL1 may be a novel, potentially effective anti-cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Han-Qing Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-An Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Dong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Xiang Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ying Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Han Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jun Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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102
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In silico characterization of a cyanobacterial plant-type isoaspartyl aminopeptidase/asparaginase. J Mol Model 2018; 24:108. [PMID: 29619654 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Asparaginases are found in a range of organisms, although those found in cyanobacteria have been little studied, in spite of their great potential for biotechnological application. This study therefore sought to characterize the molecular structure of an L-asparaginase from the cyanobacterium Limnothrix sp. CACIAM 69d, which was isolated from a freshwater Amazonian environment. After homology modeling, model validation was performed using a Ramachandran plot, VERIFY3D, and the RMSD. We also performed molecular docking and dynamics simulations based on binding free-energy analysis. Structural alignment revealed homology with the isoaspartyl peptidase/asparaginase (EcAIII) from Escherichia coli. When compared to the template, our model showed full conservation of the catalytic site. In silico simulations confirmed the interaction of cyanobacterial isoaspartyl peptidase/asparaginase with its substrate, β-Asp-Leu dipeptide. We also observed that the residues Thr154, Thr187, Gly207, Asp218, and Gly237 were fundamental to protein-ligand complexation. Overall, our results suggest that L-asparaginase from Limnothrix sp. CACIAM 669d has similar properties to E. coli EcAIII asparaginase. Our study opens up new perspectives for the biotechnological exploitation of cyanobacterial asparaginases.
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103
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Izadpanah Qeshmi F, Homaei A, Fernandes P, Javadpour S. Marine microbial L-asparaginase: Biochemistry, molecular approaches and applications in tumor therapy and in food industry. Microbiol Res 2018; 208:99-112. [PMID: 29551216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment is a rich source of biological and chemical diversity. It covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface and features a wide diversity of habitats, often displaying extreme conditions, where marine organisms thrive, offering a vast pool for microorganisms and enzymes. Given the dissimilarity between marine and terrestrial habitats, enzymes and microorganisms, either novel or with different and appealing features as compared to terrestrial counterparts, may be identified and isolated. L-asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1), is among the relevant enzymes that can be obtained from marine sources. This amidohydrolase acts on L-asparagine and produce L-aspartate and ammonia, accordingly it has an acknowledged chemotherapeutic application, namely in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Moreover, L-asparaginase is also of interest in the food industry as it prevents acrylamide formation. Terrestrial organisms have been largely tapped for L-asparaginases, but most failed to comply with criteria for practical applications, whereas marine sources have only been marginally screened. This work provides an overview on the relevant features of this enzyme and the framework for its application, with a clear emphasis on the use of L-asparaginase from marine sources. The review envisages to highlight the unique properties of marine L-asparaginases that could make them good candidates for medical applications and industries, especially in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sedigheh Javadpour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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104
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Chen Z, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Cui Z. Overcoming tumor cell chemoresistance using nanoparticles: lysosomes are beneficial for (stearoyl) gemcitabine-incorporated solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:319-336. [PMID: 29391792 PMCID: PMC5768424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents remains an indispensable modality in cancer treatment. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis in using nanomedicine in cancer chemotherapy, and several nanomedicines have already been used clinically to treat cancers. There is evidence that formulating small molecular cancer chemotherapeutic agents into nanomedicines significantly modifies their pharmacokinetics and often improves their efficacy. Importantly, cancer cells often develop resistance to chemotherapy, and formulating anticancer drugs into nanomedicines also helps overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we briefly describe the different classes of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, their mechanisms of action and resistance, and evidence of overcoming the resistance using nanomedicines. We then emphasize on gemcitabine and our experience in discovering the unique (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles that are effective against tumor cells resistant to gemcitabine and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It seems that lysosomes, which are an obstacle in the delivery of many drugs, are actually beneficial for our (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles to overcome tumor cell resistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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105
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Saeed H, Ali H, Soudan H, Embaby A, El-Sharkawy A, Farag A, Hussein A, Ataya F. Molecular cloning, structural modeling and production of recombinant Aspergillus terreus l. asparaginase in Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:1041-1051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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106
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Optimization and purification of l -asparaginase from fungi: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 120:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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107
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Zhdanov DD, Pokrovsky VS, Pokrovskaya MV, Alexandrova SS, Eldarov MA, Grishin DV, Basharov MM, Gladilina YA, Podobed OV, Sokolov NN. Inhibition of telomerase activity and induction of apoptosis by Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase in cancer Jurkat cell line and normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2697-2712. [PMID: 28984046 PMCID: PMC5673955 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase mutant E149R, V150P, F151T (RrA) down-regulates telomerase activity due to its ability to inhibit the expression of telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT. The aim of this study was to define the effect of short-term and long-term RrA exposure on proliferation of cancer Jurkat cell line and normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes. RrA could inhibit telomerase activity in dose- and time-dependent manner in both Jurkat and normal CD4+ T cells. Continuous RrA exposure of these cells resulted in shortening of telomeres followed by cell cycle inhibition, replicative senescence, and development of apoptosis. Complete death of Jurkat cells was observed at the day 25 of RrA exposure while normal CD4+ T cells died at the day 50 due to the initial longer length of telomeres. Removal of RrA from senescent cells led to a reactivation of hTERT expression, restoration telomerase activity, re-elongation of telomeres after 48 h of cultivation, and survival of cells. These findings demonstrate that proliferation of cancer and normal telomerase-positive cells can be limited by continuous telomerase inhibition with RrA. Longer telomeres of normal CD4+ T lymphocytes make such cells more sustainable to RrA exposure that could give them an advantage during anti-telomerase therapy. These results should facilitate further investigations of RrA as a potent anti-telomerase therapeutic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical ChemistryPogodinskaya st., 10/8Moscow119121Russia
| | - Vadim S. Pokrovsky
- Institute of Biomedical ChemistryPogodinskaya st., 10/8Moscow119121Russia
- N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research CenterKashirskoe Shosse 24Moscow115478Russia
- Peoples’ FriendshipUniversity of RussiaRUDN UniversityMiklukho‐Maklaya st., 6Moscow117198Russia
| | | | | | - Mikhail A. Eldarov
- Research Center of Biotechnology RASLeninsky prospect, 33Moscow119071Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Grishin
- Institute of Biomedical ChemistryPogodinskaya st., 10/8Moscow119121Russia
| | - Marsel M. Basharov
- Peoples’ FriendshipUniversity of RussiaRUDN UniversityMiklukho‐Maklaya st., 6Moscow117198Russia
| | - Yulia A. Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical ChemistryPogodinskaya st., 10/8Moscow119121Russia
| | - Olga V. Podobed
- Institute of Biomedical ChemistryPogodinskaya st., 10/8Moscow119121Russia
| | - Nikolai N. Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical ChemistryPogodinskaya st., 10/8Moscow119121Russia
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108
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Liang J, Shi P, Guo X, Li J, He L, Wang Y, Wei Q, Huang F, Fan Z, Xu B. A retrospective comparison of Escherichia coli and polyethylene glycol-conjugated asparaginase for the treatment of adolescents and adults with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:75-82. [PMID: 29387211 PMCID: PMC5769219 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from clinical trials suggest that polyethylene glycol-conjugated asparaginase (PEG asparaginase) should be recommended as a replacement for Escherichia coli (E. coli) asparaginase in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) due to its prolonged effect, similar safety profile and convenience. The present study investigated the efficacy and safety of PEG asparaginase in adolescents and adults with newly diagnosed ALL. The clinical data of 122 patients, ≥14 years old with de novo ALL, who received either PEG asparaginase or E. coli asparaginase as part of an induction regimen, were retrospectively analyzed. The results revealed that PEG asparaginase had a comparable complete remission rate (95.65 vs. 90.79%), median overall survival time (14.07 vs. 16.29 months) and median relapse-free survival time (10.00 vs. 8.57 months) with E. coli asparaginase. In addition, patients <35 years old receiving PEG asparaginase obtained a higher median RFS time compared with those receiving E. coli asparaginase (10.93 vs. 8.97 months; P=0.037). Patients treated with E. coli asparaginase exhibited a significantly higher incidence of central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) compared with those treated with PEG asparaginase (27.63 vs. 10.87%; P=0.028) during the consolidation phase. Toxic events, including allergy, grade III–IV liver dysfunction, renal function damage and pancreatic lesions were similar between the two groups. A longer duration of coagulation dysfunction (9.80±5.51 vs. 6.80±4.21 days; P=0.002) and agranulocytosis (18.89±8.79 vs. 12.03±8.34 days; P<0.01), and a higher incidence of grade IV–V infections (22.73 vs. 7.25%; P=0.018) were observed in the PEG asparaginase group. However, these did not increase bleeding events or infection-associated mortalities. When taking the convenience and superior efficacy in preventing CNSL into consideration, PEG asparaginase is a candidate for first-line treatment of adolescent and adult ALL. A larger prospective clinical trial is required to further confirm this point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Liang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, The First People Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xutao Guo
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lingli He
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Fan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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Guo J, Coker AR, Wood SP, Cooper JB, Chohan SM, Rashid N, Akhtar M. Structure and function of the thermostableL-asparaginase fromThermococcus kodakarensis. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 73:889-895. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798317014711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
L-Asparaginases catalyse the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. In addition, L-asparaginase is involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids such as lysine, methionine and threonine. These enzymes have been used as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and other haematopoietic malignancies since the tumour cells cannot synthesize sufficient L-asparagine and are thus killed by deprivation of this amino acid. L-Asparaginases are also used in the food industry and have potential in the development of biosensors, for example for asparagine levels in leukaemia. The thermostable type I L-asparaginase fromThermococcus kodakarensis(TkA) is composed of 328 amino acids and forms homodimers in solution, with the highest catalytic activity being observed at pH 9.5 and 85°C. It has aKmvalue of 5.5 mMfor L-asparagine, with no glutaminase activity being observed. The crystal structure of TkA has been determined at 2.18 Å resolution, confirming the presence of two α/β domains connected by a short linker region. The N-terminal domain contains a highly flexible β-hairpin which adopts `open' and `closed' conformations in different subunits of the solved TkA structure. In previously solved L-asparaginase structures this β-hairpin was only visible when in the `closed' conformation, whilst it is characterized with good electron density in all of the subunits of the TkA structure. A phosphate anion resides at the active site, which is formed by residues from both of the neighbouring monomers in the dimer. The high thermostability of TkA is attributed to the high arginine and salt-bridge content when compared with related mesophilic enzymes.
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110
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A Phase II Study of Methotrexate, Etoposide, Dexamethasone and Pegaspargase Sandwiched with Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed, Stage IE to IIE Extranodal Natural-Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal-Type. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:41-49. [PMID: 29056540 PMCID: PMC5704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A phase II study of methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone, and pegaspargase (MESA) sandwiched with radiotherapy for newly diagnosed, stage IE-IIE extranodal natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type (ENKTL) was conducted to explore its clinical efficacy and safety, as well as novel serum biomarkers upon anti-metabolic treatment. Methods Four cycles of MESA sandwiched with radiotherapy were administered. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR). Serum metabolomic profiles were assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, with specific metabolites quantified by targeted metabolic analysis. Findings Forty patients were enrolled and the ORR was 92.1% (95%CI, 83.1%–100.0%). The 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 89.1% and overall survival (OS) rate was 92.0%. Grade 3/4 non-hematologic and hematologic toxicities were observed in 17 (42.5%) and 26 patients (65·0%) during chemotherapy, and in 9 (22.5%) and 0 (0.0%) patients during radiotherapy, respectively. Fifty-six significantly decreased and 59 increased metabolites were identified in ENKTL, as compared to healthy volunteers. A predictive principal components analysis model of asparaginase-associated metabolites, asparaginase-associated metabolic score (AspM), was established, including alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and succinic acid. Patients with high AspM score displayed superior survival and prognostic significance of AspM was validated in a historical cohort of early and advanced-stage ENKTL treated with asparaginase-based regimens. Multivariate analysis confirmed AspM as a prognostic score independent of PINK and PINK combined with Epstein-Barr virus DNA. Interpretation MESA sandwiched with radiotherapy is an effective and safe regimen for early-stage ENKTL. AspM score may be a promising prognostic index of serum metabolites in addition to clinical prognostic index in ENKTL. MESA sandwiched with radiotherapy is an effective and safe regimen for early-stage ENKTL. Asparaginase-associated metabolic score is a promising prognostic index of serum metabolites in ENKTL.
To explore regimen with more targeting effects and fewer toxicities, we conducted a trial of methotrexate, etoposide, dexamethasone, and pegaspargase (MESA) sandwiched with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE-IIE extranodal natural-killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type (ENKTL) and showed that MESA was highly effective and safe. Meanwhile, serum metabolomic profiles were studied to identify novel serum biomarkers. Asparaginase-associated metabolic score was established and could serve as a prognostic score independent of clinical prognostic index of ENKTL. Together, our study highlights the role of targeting metabolic aberrations in ENKTL and provides translational evidence of using serum metabolites in guiding risk stratification of this disease.
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111
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Vimal A, Kumar A. Biotechnological production and practical application of L-asparaginase enzyme. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2017; 33:40-61. [PMID: 28766374 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2017.1357294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is a vital enzyme of medical importance, and renowned as a chemotherapeutic agent. The relevance of this enzyme is not only limited as an anti-cancer agent, it also possesses a wide range of medical application. The application includes the antimicrobial property, treatment of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, canine and feline cancer. Apart from the health care industry, its significance is also established in the food sector as a food processing agent to reduce the acrylamide concentration. L-asparaginase is known to be produced from various bacterial, fungal and plant sources. However, there is a huge market demand due to its wide range of application. Therefore, the industry is still in the search of better-producing source in terms of high yield and low immunogenicity. It can be produced by both submerged and solid state fermentation, and each fermentation process has its own merits and demerits. This review paper focuses on its improved production strategy by adopting statistical experimental optimization techniques, development of recombinant strains, through mutagenesis and nanoparticle immobilization, adopting advanced and cost-effective purification techniques. Available research literature proves the competence and therapeutic potential of this enzyme. Therefore, research orientation toward the exploration of this clinical significant enzyme has to be accelerated. The objectives of this review are to discuss the high yielding sources, current production strategies, improvement of production, effective downstream processing and therapeutic application of L-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vimal
- a Department of Biotechnology , National Institute of Technology (NIT) , Raipur , India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- a Department of Biotechnology , National Institute of Technology (NIT) , Raipur , India
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112
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Fung MKL, Chan GCF. Drug-induced amino acid deprivation as strategy for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:144. [PMID: 28750681 PMCID: PMC5530962 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by uncontrollable growth of neoplastic cells, leading to invasion of adjacent and distant tissues resulting in death. Cancer cells have specific nutrient(s) auxotrophy and have a much higher nutrient demand compared to normal tissues. Therefore, different metabolic inhibitors or nutrient-depleting enzymes have been tested for their anti-cancer activities. We review recent available laboratory and clinical data on using various specific amino acid metabolic pathways inhibitors in treating cancers. Our focus is on glutamine, asparagine, and arginine starvation. These three amino acids are chosen due to their better scientific evidence compared to other related approaches in cancer treatment. Amino acid-specific depleting enzymes have been adopted in different standard chemotherapy protocols. Glutamine starvation by glutaminase inhibitior, transporter inhibitor, or glutamine depletion has shown to have significant anti-cancer effect in pre-clinical studies. Currently, glutaminase inhibitor is under clinical trial for testing anti-cancer efficacy. Clinical data suggests that asparagine depletion is effective in treating hematologic malignancies even as a single agent. On the other hand, arginine depletion has lower toxicity profile and can effectively reduce the level of pro-cancer biochemicals in patients as shown by ours and others’ data. This supports the clinical use of arginine depletion as anti-cancer therapy but its exact efficacy in various cancers requires further investigation. However, clinical application of these enzymes is usually hindered by common problems including allergy to these foreign proteins, off-target cytotoxicity, short half-life and rapidly emerging chemoresistance. There have been efforts to overcome these problems by modifying the drugs in different ways to circumvent these hindrance such as (1) isolate human native enzymes to reduce allergy, (2) isolate enzyme isoforms with higher specificities and efficiencies, (3) pegylate the enzymes to reduce allergy and prolong the half-lives, and (4) design drug combinations protocols to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by drug synergy and minimizing resistance. These improvements can potentially lead to the development of more effective anti-cancer treatment with less adverse effects and higher therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Kwong Lam Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Autophagy suppression potentiates the anti-glioblastoma effect of asparaginase in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91052-91066. [PMID: 29207624 PMCID: PMC5710905 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparaginase has been reported to be effective in the treatment of various leukemia and several malignant solid cancers. However, the anti-tumor effect of asparaginase is always restricted due to complicated mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms of how glioblastoma resisted asparaginase treatment and reported a novel approach to enhance the anti-glioblastoma effect of asparaginase. We found that asparaginase could induce growth inhibition and caspase-dependent apoptosis in U87MG/U251MG glioblastoma cells. Meanwhile, autophagy was activated as indicated by autophagosomes formation and upregulated expression of LC3-II. Importantly, abolishing autophagy using chloroquine (CQ) and LY294002 enhanced the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by asparaginase in U87MG/U251MG cells. Further study proved that Akt/mTOR and Erk signaling pathways participated in autophagy induction, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) served as an intracellular regulator for both cytotoxicity and autophagy in asparaginase-treated U87MG/U251MG cells. Moreover, combination treatment with autophagy inhibitor CQ significantly enhanced anti-glioblastoma efficacy of asparaginase in U87MG cell xenograft model. Taken together, our results demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy potentiated the anti-tumor effect of asparagine depletion on glioblastoma, indicating that targeting autophagy and asparagine could be a potential approach for glioblastoma treatment.
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Bertuccio SN, Serravalle S, Astolfi A, Lonetti A, Indio V, Leszl A, Pession A, Melchionda F. Identification of a cytogenetic and molecular subgroup of acute myeloid leukemias showing sensitivity to L-Asparaginase. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109915-109923. [PMID: 29299118 PMCID: PMC5746353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (L-Asp) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine to L-aspartic acid, and its depletion induces leukemic cell death. L-Asp is an important component of treatment regimens for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Sensitivity to L-Asp is due to the absence of L-Asparagine synthetase (ASNS), the enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of L-asparagine. ASNS gene is located on 7q21.3, and its increased expression in ALLs correlates with L-Asp resistance. Chromosome 7 monosomy (-7) is a recurrent aberration in myeloid disorders, particularly in adverse-risk Acute Myeloid Leukemias (AMLs) and therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN), that leads to a significant downregulation of the deleted genes, including ASNS. Therefore, we hypothesized that -7 could affect L-Asp sensitivity in AMLs. By treating AML cell lines and primary cells from pediatric patients with L-Asp, we showed that -7 cells were more sensitive than AML cells without -7. Importantly, both ASNS gene and protein expression were significantly lower in -7 AML cell lines, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of ASNS might induce sensitivity to L-Asp in AMLs. To prove the role of ASNS haploinsufficiency in sensitizing AML cells to L-Asp treatment, we performed siRNA-knockdown of ASNS in AML cell lines lacking -7, and observed that ASNS knockdown significantly increased L-Asp cytotoxicity. In conclusion, -7 AMLs showed high sensitivity to L-Asp treatment due to low expression of ASNS. Thus, L-Asp may be considered for treatment of AML pediatric patients carrying -7, in order to improve the outcome of adverse-risk AMLs and t-MN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nicola Bertuccio
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Serravalle
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,"Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Leszl
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,"Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fraia Melchionda
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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115
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Belviso S, Iuliano R, Amato R, Perrotti N, Menniti M. The human asparaginase enzyme (ASPG) inhibits growth in leukemic cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178174. [PMID: 28542249 PMCID: PMC5443537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human protein ASPG is an enzyme with a putative antitumor activity. We generated in bacteria and then purified a recombinant GST-ASPG protein that we used to characterize the biochemical and cytotoxic properties of the human ASPG. We demonstrated that ASPG possesses asparaginase and PAF acetylhydrolase activities that depend on a critical threonine residue at position 19. Consistently, ASPG but not its T19A mutant showed cytotoxic activity in K562, NALM-6 and MOLT-4 leukemic cell lines but not in normal cells. Regarding the mechanism of action of ASPG, it was able to induce a significant apoptotic death in K562 cells. Taken together our data suggest that ASPG, combining different enzymatic activities, should be considered a promising anti-cancer agent for inhibiting the growth of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Belviso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail: (RI); (MM)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miranda Menniti
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- * E-mail: (RI); (MM)
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Sannikova EP, Bulushova NV, Cheperegin SE, Gubaydullin II, Chestukhina GG, Ryabichenko VV, Zalunin IA, Kotlova EK, Konstantinova GE, Kubasova TS, Shtil AA, Pokrovsky VS, Yarotsky SV, Efremov BD, Kozlov DG. The Modified Heparin-Binding L-Asparaginase of Wolinella succinogenes. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 58:528-39. [PMID: 27198565 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The modified asparaginase Was79 was derived from the recombinant wild-type L-asparaginase of Wolinella succinogenes. The Was79 contains the amino acid substitutions V23Q and K24T responsible for the resistance to trypsinolysis and the N-terminal heparin-binding peptide KRKKKGKGLGKKR responsible for the binding to heparin and tumor K562 cells in vitro. When tested on a mouse model of Fischer lymphadenosis L5178Y, therapeutic efficacy of Was79 was significantly higher than that of reference enzymes at all single therapeutic doses used (125-8000 IU/kg). At Was79 single doses of 500-8000 IU/kg, the complete remission rate of 100 % was observed. The Was79 variant can be expressed intracellularly in E. coli as a less immunogenic formyl-methionine-free form at high per cell production levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Sannikova
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - N V Bulushova
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - S E Cheperegin
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - I I Gubaydullin
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - G G Chestukhina
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - V V Ryabichenko
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - I A Zalunin
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - E K Kotlova
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - G E Konstantinova
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - T S Kubasova
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - A A Shtil
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow, Russia, 115478
| | - V S Pokrovsky
- N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow, Russia, 115478
| | - S V Yarotsky
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - B D Efremov
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545
| | - D G Kozlov
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms, Moscow, Russia, 117545.
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117
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Liao J, Liu PP, Hou G, Shao J, Yang J, Liu K, Lu W, Wen S, Hu Y, Huang P. Regulation of stem-like cancer cells by glutamine through β-catenin pathway mediated by redox signaling. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:51. [PMID: 28245869 PMCID: PMC5331650 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to play an important role in tumor recurrence and drug resistance, and present a major challenge in cancer therapy. The tumor microenvironment such as growth factors, nutrients and oxygen affect CSC generation and proliferation by providing the necessary energy sources and growth signals. The side population (SP) analysis has been used to detect the stem-like cancer cell populations based on their high expression of ABCG2 that exports Hoechst-33342 and certain cytotoxic drugs from the cells. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of a main nutrient molecule, glutamine, on SP cells and the possible underlying mechanism(s). Methods Biochemical assays and flow cytometric analysis were used to evaluate the effect of glutamine on stem-like side population cells in vitro. Molecular analyses including RNAi interfering, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting were employed to investigate the molecular signaling in response to glutamine deprivation and its influence on tumor formation capacity in vivo. Results We show that glutamine supports the maintenance of the stem cell phenotype by promoting glutathione synthesis and thus maintaining redox balance for SP cells. A deprivation of glutamine in the culture medium significantly reduced the proportion of SP cells. L-asparaginase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine and glutamine to aspartic acid and glutamate, respectively, mimics the effect of glutamine withdrawal and also diminished the proportion of SP cells. Mechanistically, glutamine deprivation increases intracellular ROS levels, leading to down-regulation of the β-catenin pathway. Conclusion Glutamine plays a significant role in maintaining the stemness of cancer cells by a redox-mediated mechanism mediated by β-catenin. Inhibition of glutamine metabolism or deprivation of glutamine by L-asparaginase may be a new strategy to eliminate CSCs and overcome drug resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0623-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pan-Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Guoxin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiajia Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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118
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McLaughlin PA, McClelland M, Yang HJ, Porwollik S, Bogomolnaya L, Chen JS, Andrews-Polymenis H, van der Velden AWM. Contribution of Asparagine Catabolism to Salmonella Virulence. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00740-16. [PMID: 27849183 PMCID: PMC5278173 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00740-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Salmonellae establish infection and avoid clearance by the immune system by mechanisms that are not well understood. We previously showed that l-asparaginase II produced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S Typhimurium) inhibits T cell responses and mediates virulence. In addition, we previously showed that asparagine deprivation such as that mediated by l-asparaginase II of S Typhimurium causes suppression of activation-induced T cell metabolic reprogramming. Here, we report that STM3997, which encodes a homolog of disulfide bond protein A (dsbA) of Escherichia coli, is required for l-asparaginase II stability and function. Furthermore, we report that l-asparaginase II localizes primarily to the periplasm and acts together with l-asparaginase I to provide S Typhimurium the ability to catabolize asparagine and assimilate nitrogen. Importantly, we determined that, in a murine model of infection, S Typhimurium lacking both l-asparaginase I and II genes competes poorly with wild-type S Typhimurium for colonization of target tissues. Collectively, these results indicate that asparagine catabolism contributes to S Typhimurium virulence, providing new insights into the competition for nutrients at the host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A McLaughlin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Yang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Steffen Porwollik
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lydia Bogomolnaya
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Juei-Suei Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Helene Andrews-Polymenis
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Adrianus W M van der Velden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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119
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Zhang Y, Li D, Li Y. Expression and purification of L-asparaginase from Escherichia coli and the inhibitory effects of cyclic dipeptides. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2099-2106. [PMID: 28105864 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1277350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase, a key enzyme involved in nitrogen metabolism, is an effective anti-tumour agent. Cyclic dipeptides, a group of compounds, contain several important biological functions. In this paper, we proposed a novel method for L-asparaginase expression and purification from Echerichia coli and determined the effect of cyclic dipeptides on the enzymatic activity of recombinant L-asparaginase. The gene ansB encoding L-asparaginase was amplified from the genome of E. coli BL21 (DE3) by polymerase chain reaction and sub-cloned into pET-15b vector to construct expressing plasmid pET-15b-ansB. The expression of recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography using a nickel resin followed by anion exchange chromatography. The purity and quality of the recombinant L-asparaginase were optimised. The results indicated that km for the recombinant L-asparaginase was 3.02 × 10-4 mol/L. Both cyclo-(Pro-Tyr) and cyclo-(Pro-Phe) could inhibit the activity of recombinant L-asparaginase at the level of 10-5 mol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- a College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , Qingdao , P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- a College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , Qingdao , P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- a College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , Qingdao , P.R. China
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120
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Chohan SM, Nisar MA, Rashid N, Gharib G, Bashir Q, Siddiqui MA. TK1656, an L-asparaginase from Thermococcus kodakarensis, a novel candidate for therapeutic applications. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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121
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Cachumba JJM, Antunes FAF, Peres GFD, Brumano LP, Santos JCD, Da Silva SS. Current applications and different approaches for microbial l-asparaginase production. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47 Suppl 1:77-85. [PMID: 27866936 PMCID: PMC5156506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that catalysis mainly the asparagine hydrolysis in l-aspartic acid and ammonium. This enzyme is presented in different organisms, such as microorganisms, vegetal, and some animals, including certain rodent's serum, but not unveiled in humans. It can be used as important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas (particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Hodgkin's lymphoma), and has been a pivotal agent in chemotherapy protocols from around 30 years. Also, other important application is in food industry, by using the properties of this enzyme to reduce acrylamide levels in commercial fried foods, maintaining their characteristics (color, flavor, texture, security, etc.) Actually, l-asparaginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-asparagine, not allowing the reaction of reducing sugars with this aminoacid for the generation of acrylamide. Currently, production of l-asparaginase is mainly based in biotechnological production by using some bacteria. However, industrial production also needs research work aiming to obtain better production yields, as well as novel process by applying different microorganisms to increase the range of applications of the produced enzyme. Within this context, this mini-review presents l-asparaginase applications, production by different microorganisms and some limitations, current investigations, as well as some challenges to be achieved for profitable industrial production.
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Costa IM, Schultz L, de Araujo Bianchi Pedra B, Leite MSM, Farsky SHP, de Oliveira MA, Pessoa A, Monteiro G. Recombinant L-asparaginase 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: an allosteric enzyme with antineoplastic activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36239. [PMID: 27824095 PMCID: PMC5099943 DOI: 10.1038/srep36239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) (EC 3.5.1.1) is an important enzyme for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Currently, the enzyme is obtained from bacteria, Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. The bacterial enzymes family is subdivided in type I and type II; nevertheless, only type II have been employed in therapeutic proceedings. However, bacterial enzymes are susceptible to induce immune responses, leading to a high incidence of adverse effects compromising the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, alternative sources of L-ASNase may be useful to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the ASP1 gene responsible for encoding L-asparaginase 1 (ScASNase1), an enzyme predicted as type II, like bacterial therapeutic isoforms, but it has been poorly studied. Here we characterised ScASNase1 using a recombinant enzyme purified by affinity chromatography. ScASNase1 has specific activity of 196.2 U/mg and allosteric behaviour, like type I enzymes, but with a low K0.5 = 75 μM like therapeutic type II. We showed through site-directed mutagenesis that the T64-Y78-T141-K215 residues are involved in catalysis. Furthermore, ScASNase1 showed cytotoxicity for the MOLT-4 leukemic cell lineage. Our data show that ScASNase1 has characteristics described for the two subfamilies of l-asparaginase, types I and II, and may have promising antineoplastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Munhoz Costa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Schultz
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Coastal Campus, São Vicente/SP 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Araujo Bianchi Pedra
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Silva Moreira Leite
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio de Oliveira
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Coastal Campus, São Vicente/SP 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/SP 05508-000, Brazil
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Sun Z, Qin R, Li D, Ji K, Wang T, Cui Z, Huang Y. A novel bacterial type II l -asparaginase and evaluation of its enzymatic acrylamide reduction in French fries. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:232-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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124
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Dias FFG, Ruiz ALTG, Torre AD, Sato HH. Purification, characterization and antiproliferative activity of l-asparaginase from Aspergillus oryzae CCT 3940 with no glutaminase activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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125
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Alshiekh-Nasany R, Douer D. L-Carnitine for Treatment of Pegasparaginase-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Acta Haematol 2016; 135:208-10. [PMID: 26841296 DOI: 10.1159/000442342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Similar to pediatric regimens, multiple doses of L-asparaginase (PEG-Asp) are being increasingly used in adults with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with promising results. One of the most common side effects of the drug in adults is high-grade hyperbilirubinemia and transaminitis. Despite being almost always reversible and may not recur, clinicians may still be reluctant to continue with PEG-Asp in patients with liver toxicity, losing the benefit from multiple doses of the drug. CASE REPORT We describe a case of adult ALL who developed PEG-Asp-related high grade liver toxicity. The rising hyperbilirubinemia and transaminitis rapidly and permanently reversed using the amino-acid derivative L-carnitine. This case goes in line with similar observations in animal models and humans. CONCLUSION L-Carnitine may show therapeutic benefit in PEG-Asp-related hepatotoxicity and should be considered in clinical trials of the drug.
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Lopes AM, Oliveira-Nascimento LD, Ribeiro A, Tairum CA, Breyer CA, Oliveira MAD, Monteiro G, Souza-Motta CMD, Magalhães PDO, Avendaño JGF, Cavaco-Paulo AM, Mazzola PG, Rangel-Yagui CDO, Sette LD, Converti A, Pessoa A. Therapeuticl-asparaginase: upstream, downstream and beyond. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:82-99. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1120705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tsai WB, Long Y, Kuo MT. Gas6/Axl in arginine-starvation therapy. Oncoscience 2015; 2:659-60. [PMID: 26425646 PMCID: PMC4580048 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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